O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dietas a base de palma forrageira (aproximadamente 54 %) associada a diferentes fontes de fibra sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, comportamento alimentar e balanço de nitrogênio de cinco ovinos machos, com peso inicial entre 34kg. As fontes de fibra avaliadas foram: feno de tifton, casca de soja, caroço de algodão, feno de tifton + casca de soja e feno de tifton + caroço de algodão. Utilizou-se o delineamento quadrado latino 5x5. Não houve diferença para o consumo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e nutrientes digestíveis totais. A palma associada ao caroço de algodão apresentou maior coeficiente de digestibilidade de extrato etéreo. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro do tratamento com casca de soja foram superiores ao feno de tifton + caroço de algodão.O tratamentofeno de tiftonefeno de tifton+casca de sojaapresentaram maiordigestibilidade da proteína brutaem relação aocaroço dealgodão.O tratamento com palma associada à casca de soja apresentou média de excreção de nitrogênio nas fezes superior aos demais. O maior valor de excreção de nitrogênio na urina correspondeu ao tratamento feno de tifton + o caroço de algodão. A palma associada à casca de soja proporcionou menor tempo em ruminação e mastigação total. É recomendado o uso da palma forrageira associada com feno de capim tifton e casca de soja como fontes de fibra na alimentação de ovinos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate diets of spinelles cactus (54 % about) associated with different fiber sources on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and nitrogen balance of five male sheep, with average initialweightof 34kg. The fiber sources evaluated were: Tifton hay,soybean hulls, cottonseedandmixturestifton haywith soybean hullsandtifton haywith cottonseed.The experimental design used was a5x5Latin Square. There was no differencesfordry matter intake,organic matter, crude protein,neutral detergent fiberand total digestible nutrients. The spineless cactus associated with cottonseed promotedone greater digestibility to ether extract. The soybean hulls afforded coefficients of digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber higher than to Tifton + cottonseed. The treatment tifton hay and tifton hay + soybean hulls showedgreaterdigestibility ofcrude protein compared to cottonseed. The treatment with spineless cactuswith soybean hulls showed higher mean of nitrogen excretion of feces than the others. Higher value of nitrogen excretion in the urine was from tifton hay + cottonseed.The spineless cactuswithsoybean hullsresultedinlessrumination timeandtotalchewing. It is recommended the use spinelles cactus associated with tifton hay and soybean hulls as fiber sources in the sheep diets.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral de milho, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes na dieta e sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de ovinos Santa Inês. Quarenta animais, com peso inicial de 17,0±2,5 kg, foram confinados em baias individuais, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições. As taxas de substituição foram: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Ao abate, foram obtidos os pesos de carcaça quente e de trato digestivo cheio e vazio, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e o rendimento de cortes comerciais. A substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral reduziu linearmente o consumo de matéria seca e os coeficientes de digestibilidade de: matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e extrato etéreo. A conversão alimentar não foi afetada pelos tratamentos. O ganho médio diário, o peso vivo final, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura e os rendimentos de carcaça quente e de cortes comerciais diminuíram linearmente com o aumento nos níveis de substituição. A substituição do fubá de milho pelo gérmen integral de milho, nas dietas de ovinos, prejudica o desempenho e as características de carcaça dos animais.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn meal by corn germ meal on nutrient digestibility in the diet, and on the performance and carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs. Forty animals, with 17,0±2.5 kg average initial live weight, were housed in individual pens in a randomized block design with five treatments and eight replicates. The replacing rates were 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Hot carcass weight, full and empty digestive tract weight, ribeye area, fat thickness, and yield of commercial cuts were obtained at slaughter. Corn meal replacement by corn germ meal linearly reduced the dry matter intake and the coefficients of apparent digestibility of: dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract. Feed conversion was not affected by the treatments. Average daily gain, final live weight, loin eye area, fat thickness, and yields of hot carcass and retail cuts decreased linearly with the increasing replacement levels. Replacing corn meal by corn germ meal, in lamb diets, negatively affects the performance and carcass characteristics of the animals.

Alternative sources of protein for lactating cows were evaluated in this study with respect to intake, digestibility, milk yield and milk composition. Eight multiparous Holstein/Gyr cows were simultaneously distributed in two 4 × 4 latin squares. Each experimental period lasted 21 days (14 days for adaptation and seven days to collect data and samples). Three protein sources, cottonseed meal, semi-integral soybean meal and corn steep liquor were evaluated and soybean meal was used as a control. When the corn steep liquor was used, lower intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients were observed compared with soybean meal. Animals that consumed corn steep liquor had a lower milk yield than those fed soybean meal, and no treatment effect on the milk fat content was detected. Animals that consumed cottonseed meal and corn steep liquor had a lower fat yield than those fed soybean meal. Feeding with semi-integral soybean meal decreased the milk protein percentage compared with soybean meal. Nutrient digestibility was lower for cows fed diets with corn steep liquor, except for crude protein digestibility, which was higher for animals fed cottonseed meal and semi-integral soybean meal compared with those fed soybean meal. Based on the dry matter intake, milk yield and milk components, soybean meal can be replaced with semi-integral soybean meal.

Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição da palma-gigante por palma-miúda em dietas para bovinos em crescimento sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Também foram avaliados dois períodos de incubação (144 e 288 horas) para obtenção da fração indigestível da matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Utilizaram-se cinco novilhas da raça Holandesa com peso inicial de aproximadamente 220 kg, distribuídas em quadrado latino 5 × 5 e alojadas em baias individuais cobertas, com piso de concreto e dotadas de comedouros de alvenaria e bebedouros individuais. As dietas experimentais foram à base de palma forrageira, bagaço de cana, farelo de soja, ureia e mistura mineral nas proporções 38,0; 42,0; 18,0; 0,5 e 1,5% na base da matéria seca, respectivamente, com 0; 25; 50; 75 ou 100% de substituição da palma-gigante pela palma-miúda. Os consumos e a digestibilidade de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, nutrientes digestíveis totais, carboidratos totais, carboidratos não-fibrosos e fibra em detergente neutro, não foram afetados pela substituição. A matéria seca indigestível (incubada por 144 horas), a fibra em detergente neutro e a fibra em detergente ácido indigestíveis (incubadas por 288 horas) permitiram estimar a produção de matéria seca fecal e a digestibilidade de matéria seca de maneira semelhante ao método de coleta total de fezes. A palma miúda pode substituir integralmente a palma gigante e a matéria seca indigestível incubada por 144 horas e a fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido indigestíveis incubadas por 288 horas podem ser utilizadas em estudo de digestibilidade com ruminantes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of giant forage cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill) by small forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) in diets for growing cattle on the nutrient intake and digestibility. Two incubation periods were also assessed (144 and 288 hours) to obtain the indigestible fractions of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Five Holstein heifers were used, approximately 220 kg initial weight placed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design and housed in individual covered, stalls with concrete floor and equipped with masonry feeders and individual drinkers. The experimental diets were based on forage cactus, sugarcane bagasse, soybean meal, urea and mineral mixture, at the proportion of 38.0, 42.0, 18.0, 0.5 and 1.5%, respectively, on dry matter bases, with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of replacement of giant forage cactus by small forage cactus. The intakes and digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, total carbohydrates, non-fiber-carbohydrates and neutral detergent fiber were not affected by the replacement. The indigestible dry matter (incubated for 144 hours), indigestible neutral and acid detergent fiber (incubated for 288 hours) made possible to estimate the fecal dry matter production and the dry matter digestibility similar to the total feces collection. The small forage cactus can fully replace the giant forage cactus and the indigestible dry matter incubated for 144 hours and the indigestibles neutral and acid detergent fiber incubated for 288 hours can be used in a digestibility study with ruminants.

Although many species of the genus Trigona have been taxonomically described, cytogenetic studies of these species are still rare. The aim of the present study was to obtain cytogenetic data by conventional staining, C banding and fluorochrome staining for the karyotype characterization of the species Trigona fulviventris. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that this species possesses a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 32, different from most other species of this genus studied so far. This variation was probably due to the centric fusion in a higher numbered ancestral karyotype, this fusion producing the large metacentric chromosome pair and the lower chromosome number observed in Trigona fulviventris. Heterochromatin was detected in the pericentromeric region of the first chromosome pair and in one of the arms of the remaining pairs. Base-specific fluorochrome staining with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) showed that the heterochromatin was rich in AT base pairs (DAPI+) except for pair 13, which was chromomycin A3 (CMA3) positive indicating an excess of GC base pairs. Our data also suggests that there was variation in heterochromatin base composition.