RESUMO: O presente estudo caracteriza a distribuição genética de virulência e resistência antimicrobiana de Streptococcus lutetiensis e Streptococcus equinus isolados de vacas com mastite clínica usando sequenciamento completo do genoma. Apesar de não serem as espécies protagonistas dentro do gênero Streptococcus, estudos recentes têm isolado essas espécies associadas à mastite bovina. Além disso, essas espécies são relatadas e isoladas de humanos e outros animais. Um total de quatro cepas de S. lutetiensis e uma de S. equinus foram isoladas de cinco vacas com casos identificados de mastite clínica em uma fazenda leiteira perto de Ithaca, Nova York. Dezenove genes associados à resistência antimicrobiana e 20 genes associados à virulência foram identificados nas cepas analisadas. Todas as linhagens apresentaram genes associados à resistência: alr, ddl, gdpD, kasA, murA, lsa(E), msr(D), mef(A), gidB e LiaF. Genes de resistência associados a várias classes diferentes de antibióticos também foram relatados. Dezesseis genes associados à virulência foram identificados em todas as cepas. Com base em nossos achados, concluímos que as espécies estudadas têm potencial para causar mastite em bovinos e mais estudos são importantes para elucidar seu papel. RESUMO genoma bovina disso animais S Ithaca York 2 analisadas alr ddl gdpD kasA murA lsaE, lsaE lsa E , lsa(E) msrD, msrD msr D msr(D) mefA, mefA mef A mef(A) LiaF relatados achados papel lsa(E msr(D mef(A

ABSTRACT: The current study characterizes the genetic distribution of virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus lutetiensis and Streptococcus equinus isolated from cows with clinical mastitis using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Although they are not the protagonist species within the genus Streptococcus, recent studies have isolated these species associated with bovine mastitis. In addition, these species are reported and isolated from humans and other animals. A total of four strains of S. lutetiensis and one of S. equinus were isolated from five cows with identified cases of clinical mastitis at a dairy farm near Ithaca, New York. Nineteen genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and 20 genes associated with virulence were identified in the analyzed strains. All strains presented genes associated with resistance: alr, ddl, gdpD, kasA, murA, lsa(E), msr(D), mef(A), gidB, and LiaF. Resistance genes associated with several different classes of antibiotics have also been reported. Sixteen virulence-associated genes were identified in all strains. Based on our findings, we conclude that the studied species have the potential to cause mastitis in cattle, and further studies are important to elucidate their role. ABSTRACT WGS. WGS . (WGS) addition animals S Ithaca York 2 alr ddl gdpD kasA murA lsaE, lsaE lsa E , lsa(E) msrD, msrD msr D msr(D) mefA, mefA mef mef(A) gidB LiaF virulenceassociated findings cattle role (WGS lsa(E msr(D mef(A

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de vários métodos de conservação na absorção de água, no conteúdo nutricional e microbiológico em carcaças inteiras ou cortadas de frangos de corte manejados nas condições ambientais da Amazônia. O experimento avaliou 48 carcaças em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com esquema fatorial (2x3), com os tratamentos baseados no processamento da carcaça (inteira ou cortada) e nos métodos de conservação (congelamento, gelo ou resfriamento). Nos resultados, o armazenamento refrigerado levou a uma absorção de água significativamente maior (P<0,05), particularmente em curto prazo, sem afetar negativamente o conteúdo nutricional. O congelamento proporcionou menor (P<0,05) absorção de água, com maior (P<0,05) conteúdo nutricional, enquanto o armazenamento em gelo apresentou conteúdo nutricional satisfatório, mas maior contaminação microbiológica. As carcaças cortadas apresentaram maior (P<0,05) absorção de água em curto prazo, sem efeitos prejudiciais (P<0,05) no seu conteúdo nutricional e na concentração microbiológica. Por outro lado, as carcaças inteiras exibiram menor (P<0,05) absorção de água em curto e longo prazo, conteúdo nutricional ligeiramente diminuído (P<0,05) e aumento (P<0,05) na contaminação microbiológica. Amazônia 4 acaso 2x3, 2x3 x , (2x3) inteira cortada congelamento, (congelamento resfriamento. resfriamento . resfriamento) resultados P<0,05, P005 P P<0,05 0 05 prazo (P<0,05 satisfatório microbiológica lado 2x (2x3 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,0 (2x P0 P<0, (P<0, P<0 (P<0 P< (P< (P

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the impact of various conservation methods on water uptake, nutritional, and microbiological content in intact or cut carcasses from broiler managed to Amazon environmental conditions. The experiment involved 48 carcasses, employing a randomized block design with a factorial scheme (2x3) based on carcass processing (intact or cut) and conservation methods (freezing, on ice, or chilling). Chilled storage led to significantly higher (p<0.05) water uptake, particularly in the short term, without adversely affecting nutritional content. Freezing yielded lower (p<0.05) water uptake, with greater (p<0.05) nutritional content, while on-ice storage exhibited satisfactory nutritional content but higher microbiological contamination. Cut carcasses displayed higher (p<0.05) short-term water uptake without detrimental effects (p<0.05) on nutrition and microbiology. Conversely, intact carcasses exhibited lower (p<0.05) water uptake in the short and long term, slightly diminished (p<0.05) nutritional content, and increased (p<0.05) microbiological contamination. conditions 4 2x3 x (2x3 freezing, freezing (freezing ice chilling. chilling . chilling) p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 term onice contamination shortterm microbiology Conversely 2x (2x p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

RESUMO: Iguanídeos são suscetíveis a diversas infecções bacterianas, principalmente aquelas causadas por bactérias Gram-negativas. O desenvolvimento destas enfermidades em répteis está relacionado a manejos, condições sanitárias inadequadas e imunossupressão. Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever os aspectos anatomopatológicos e microbiológicos de um caso de coinfecção por Plesiomonas shigelloides, Citrobacter freundii e Aeromonas jandaei diagnosticado em uma iguana verde de vida livre (Iguana iguana). Macroscopicamente, as lesões localizavam-se principalmente em musculatura esquelética, miocárdio, duodeno e fígado, caracterizando-se por áreas branco-amareladas, multifocais, friáveis, e irregulares associadas à necrose e hemorragia. No histopatológico foram vistas estruturas bacilares basofílicas correspondentes a agregados bacterianos em músculo esquelético, miocárdio, parênquima hepático, rim, estômago e intestino delgado associados a áreas de trombose, necrose e hemorragia. O diagnóstico de sepse por P. shigelloides, C. freundii e A. jandaei foi confirmado pela técnica de ionização por dessorção a laser assistida por matriz com analisador por tempo de voo (MALDI-TOF) associada aos achados anatomopatológicos e microbiológicos observados neste caso. RESUMO bacterianas Gramnegativas. Gramnegativas Gram negativas. negativas Gram-negativas manejos imunossupressão shigelloides Iguana iguana. . iguana) Macroscopicamente localizavamse localizavam se esquelética miocárdio fígado caracterizandose caracterizando brancoamareladas, brancoamareladas branco amareladas, amareladas branco-amareladas multifocais friáveis hemorragia esquelético hepático rim trombose P C A MALDITOF MALDI TOF (MALDI-TOF

ABSTRACT: Iguanids are susceptible to several bacterial infections, especially those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. The development of these diseases in reptiles is related to management, inadequate sanitary conditions, and immunosuppression. This study aims to describe the anatomopathological and microbiological aspects of a case of co-infection by Plesiomonas shigelloides, Citrobacter freundii and Aeromonas jandaei diagnosed in a free-living green iguana (Iguana iguana). Macroscopically, the lesions were mainly located in skeletal muscle, myocardium, small intestine, and liver, characterized by white-yellowish, multifocal, friable, irregular areas associated with necrosis and hemorrhage. In the histopathological analysis, basophilic bacillary structures corresponding to bacterial aggregates were observed in the skeletal muscle, myocardium, hepatic parenchyma, kidney, stomach and small intestine associated with areas of thrombosis, necrosis and hemorrhage. The diagnosis of sepsis by P. shigelloides, C. freundii and A. jandaei was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) associated with the anatomopathological and microbiological findings observed in this case. ABSTRACT infections Gramnegative Gram negative bacteria management conditions immunosuppression coinfection co infection shigelloides freeliving free living Iguana iguana. . iguana) Macroscopically muscle myocardium liver whiteyellowish, whiteyellowish white yellowish, yellowish white-yellowish multifocal friable hemorrhage analysis parenchyma kidney thrombosis P C A matrixassisted matrix assisted desorptionionization desorption ionization MALDITOF MALDI TOF (MALDI-TOF

Abstract Astyanax bimaculatus are small characids known as piabas or lambaris that form a complex encompassing 18 species, including cryptic species. The present study aimed to use DNA barcode to analyze populations of A. bimaculatus found in Maranhão hydrographic basins, comparing molecular diversity indices between populations from the other Brazilian basins. The results revealed the formation of 32 haplotypes (h = 0.9289; π = 0.0523). Seven haplogroups were formed with intrapopulation genetic distance ranging from 0 to 2%. The Maranhão populations of the Western Northeast Atlantic Region basins separated from the other analyzed basins, corroborating with the groups generated in BAPS and with the Bayesian Inference tree. The occurrence of exclusive OTUs for the Maranhão populations of the Western Northeast Atlantic Region was confirmed through delimitation models. Thus, the data from this study provide information on the genetic diversity of the A. bimaculatus complex with the detection of a different lineage for the State of Maranhão, contributing to the understanding of the group’s systematics. 1 species A 3 h 0.9289 09289 9289 0.0523. 00523 0.0523 . 0523 0.0523) 2 2% tree models Thus group s systematics 0.928 0928 928 0052 0.052 052 0.92 092 92 005 0.05 05 0.9 09 9 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO A L-carnitina exerce um papel importante no transporte de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa até a mitocôndria para serem oxidados e tem sido incorporada em rações para animais com o objetivo de diminuir a deposição de gordura e aumentar a proteína muscular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho zootécnico, o grau de esteatose no fígado e o potencial genotóxico em Astyanax lacustris alimentados com diferentes níveis de L-carnitina (LC). Juvenis de lambari-do-rabo-amarelo (n=140) foram distribuídos em 20 caixas de 70L, sete peixes em cada, em um sistema de recirculação de água com temperatura controlada (27±0,1⁰C). Os tratamentos com os níveis de suplementação foram: 0 (controle), 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mg de LC kg-1 de ração. As dietas foram fornecidas duas vezes ao dia, durante 60 dias. Os resultados mostraram que os diferentes níveis de LC não influenciaram (P>0,05) o ganho de peso; a sobrevivência, o índice viscerossomático e os hepatócitos do fígado apresentaram-se com aparência normal. No entanto, a suplementação com LC apresentou potencial genotóxico com diferença significativa (P<0,05) para alterações celulares quando comparada ao controle em concentrações superiores a 500mg kg-1. Lcarnitina L carnitina muscular zootécnico LC. . (LC) lambaridoraboamarelo lambari rabo amarelo n=140 n140 n 140 (n=140 2 70L cada 27±0,1⁰C. 2701⁰C C 27±0,1⁰C 27 1⁰C (27±0,1⁰C) controle, , (controle) 250 500 75 100 kg1 kg 1 kg- ração dia 6 dias P>0,05 P005 P 05 (P>0,05 peso sobrevivência apresentaramse apresentaram se normal entanto P<0,05 (P<0,05 kg1. 1. (LC n=14 n14 14 (n=14 (27±0,1⁰C (controle 25 50 7 10 P>0,0 P00 (P>0,0 P<0,0 (P<0,0 n=1 n1 (n=1 5 P>0, P0 (P>0, P<0, (P<0, n= (n= P>0 (P>0 P<0 (P<0 (n P> (P> P< (P< (P

ABSTRACT L-carnitine perform a major role in transporting long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are oxidized. It has been used in animal diets to decrease fat and increase muscle protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance, degree of steatosis in the liver, and genotoxic potential in Astyanax lacustris fed with different levels of L-carnitine (LC). Yellowtail tetra juveniles (n = 140) were distributed in 20 tanks of 70 L, with seven fish in each, in a water recirculation system with controlled temperature (27±0.1⁰C). The treatments with different levels of L-carnitine supplementation were: 0 (control), 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg of LC per kg of food. The diets were provided twice a day for 60 days. The results showed that the different levels of LC did not affect (P>0.05) weight gain, survival, viscerosomatic index, and the liver hepatocytes showed a normal appearance. However, the use of LC supplementation showed genotoxic potential with a significant difference (P<0.05) for cell alterations when compared to the control at concentrations above 500mg kg-1. Lcarnitine L carnitine longchain long chain mitochondria oxidized protein performance LC. . (LC) n 140 2 7 each 27±0.1⁰C. 2701⁰C C 27±0.1⁰C 27 1⁰C (27±0.1⁰C) control, , (control) 250 500 750 100 food 6 days P>0.05 P005 P 05 (P>0.05 gain survival index appearance However P<0.05 (P<0.05 kg1. kg1 1. 1 kg-1 (LC 14 (27±0.1⁰C (control 25 50 75 10 P>0.0 P00 (P>0.0 P<0.0 (P<0.0 kg- 5 P>0. P0 (P>0. P<0. (P<0. P>0 (P>0 P<0 (P<0 P> (P> P< (P< (P

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar genótipos de M. synoviae circulantes em poedeiras comerciais, na Região Sudeste do Brasil. Para estabelecer a relação evolutiva entre as cepas de MS, foi analisada a sequência genética do gene vlhA de 11 cepas de MS identificadas no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo, de 10 outras cepas de MS identificadas no Brasil e cujas sequências foram depositadas no banco de dados GenBank, e da cepa vacinal MSH. O método da máxima verossimilhança e o modelo de Kimura com dois parâmetros foram utilizados para comparar as cepas. As sequências obtidas foram depositadas no Genbank, sob os números de acesso OP279775 a OP279785. Foi possível verificar a presença de diferentes cepas circulantes no Brasil, com alta similaridade entre as cepas do Rio de Janeiro pela análise do gene vlhA. As duas cepas paulistas detectadas no presente estudo possuem o baixo percentual (68%) de similaridade, demonstrando a variabilidade das cepas dessa localidade. M comerciais 1 Paulo GenBank MSH Genbank OP OP27977 OP279785 68% 68 (68% localidade OP2797 OP27978 6 (68 OP279 (6 OP27 ( OP2

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of different physical exercise programs and polymorphisms of the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated gene) on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: A randomized, parallel, double-blind clinical trial consisting of the adolescent overweight from the state public network, in a simple representative random sample, who participated in an aerobic exercise or weight training intervention for 10 weeks. Anthropometry, body composition, biochemical markers, sexual maturation, and rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene were assessed. 347 adolescents had their characterization of nutritional status. 72 individuals with overweight and obesity were invited to participate. 39 remained for the start of the program and were randomly allocated to both types of intervention. In the end, 26 subjects participated in the intervention programs, with 12 and 14 in the aerobic and weight training programs, respectively. Results: Heterozygous and homozygous bearers of risk allele A participating in the aerobic program showed improvements in glycemia (p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (p = 0.023) and a reduction in body fat mass (p = 0.041). The weight training program reduced glycemia in patients with the risk allele A (p = 0.027). Cameron’s stage four sexual maturation participants were 2.1 times more likely to improve their body fat (CI = 1.31–3.39). Conclusion: Aerobic exercises produced exclusively a significant decrease in fat mass and total cholesterol in patients with risk allele A. Distinct physical exercise programs may cause diverse changes in risk variables related to the health of adolescents. Objective obesityassociated associated Methods randomized parallel doubleblind double blind network sample 1 weeks Anthropometry markers rs rs993960 assessed 34 status 7 participate 3 end 2 respectively Results p 0.002 0002 0 002 0.023 0023 023 0.041. 0041 0.041 . 041 0.041) 0.027. 0027 0.027 027 0.027) Camerons Cameron s 21 2. CI 1.31–3.39. 131339 1.31–3.39 31 1.31–3.39) Conclusion rs99396 0.00 000 00 0.02 02 004 0.04 04 13133 1.31–3.3 rs9939 0.0 1313 1.31–3. rs993 0. 131 1.31–3 rs99 13 1.31– rs9 1.31 1.3 1.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de vitaminas lipossolúveis e hidrossolúveis sobre o desempenho e as concentrações plasmáticas de vitaminas em suínos híbridos modernos. Um total de 144 híbridos machos castrados, 43,531 ± 1,099kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos, oito repetições e três animais por baia. Os tratamentos foram diferentes níveis de vitaminas - 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% do recomendado por Rostagno et al. (2011) para suínos machos nas fases de crescimento I (40 a 50kg), crescimento II (50 a 70kg) e terminação I (70 a 90kg). Para as fases de crescimento I e II, observou-se efeito linear (P<0,05) devido ao aumento na suplementação vitamínica sobre o desempenho. Para a fase de terminação I e a fase total, observou-se efeito linear (P<0,05) com o aumento do peso médio final (PMF) e melhoria da conversão alimentar (CA). Já para as variáveis de ganho de peso médio diário (GPMD) e consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD,) observou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05). Houve aumento linear (P<0,05) em α-tocoferol e cobalamina plasmáticos devido à suplementação de 125%. Assim, conclui-se que a suplementação com 125% de vitaminas melhorou o desempenho de suínos híbridos modernos (40 a 90kg). Objetivouse Objetivou se 14 castrados 43531 43 531 43,53 1099kg kg 1 099kg 1,099kg acaso baia 0 25 50 75 10 125 al 2011 (2011 40 (4 50kg, 50kg , 50kg) (5 70kg 70 (7 90kg. 90kg . 90kg) observouse observou P<0,05 P005 P 05 (P<0,05 PMF (PMF CA. CA (CA) GPMD (GPMD CRMD, CRMD (CRMD, P<0,05. αtocoferol α tocoferol Assim concluise conclui 4353 4 53 43,5 2 5 7 12 201 (201 ( P<0,0 P00 (P<0,0 (CA (CRMD 435 43, 20 (20 P<0, P0 (P<0, (2 P<0 (P<0 P< (P< (P

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the supplementation of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins on the performance and plasma concentrations of vitamins in modern hybrids pigs. A total of 144 commercial hybrid castrated male, 43.531 ± 1.099kg, were used in a randomized block design with six treatments, eight replicates and three animals per pen. The experimental treatments were different vitamin supplementation levels - 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the recommended by Rostagno et al. (2011) for male pigs in growth I (40 to 50kg), growth II (50 to 70kg), and finishing I (70 to 90kg) phases. For growth phases I and II, a linear effect (P<0.05) due to increase in vitamin supplementation was observed on performance. For finishing phase I and total phase, a linear effect (P<0.05) was observed with increased final average weight (FAW) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). For average daily weight gain (ADWG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) a quadratic effect was observed (P<0.05). A linear (P<0.05) increase in plasmatic α-tocopherol and B12 was observed with the 125%. Thus, it is concluded that the 125% vitamin supplementation improved performance of modern hybrids pigs (40 to 90kg). fatsoluble fat soluble watersoluble water 14 43531 43 531 43.53 1099kg kg 1 099kg 1.099kg pen 0 25 50 75 100 125 al 2011 (2011 40 (4 50kg, 50kg , 50kg) (5 70kg, 70kg 70kg) 70 (7 90kg P<0.05 P005 P 05 (P<0.05 FAW (FAW FCR. FCR . (FCR) ADWG (ADWG ADFI (ADFI P<0.05. αtocopherol α tocopherol B B1 Thus 90kg. 4353 4 53 43.5 2 5 7 10 12 201 (201 ( P<0.0 P00 (P<0.0 (FCR 435 43. 20 (20 P<0. P0 (P<0. (2 P<0 (P<0 P< (P< (P

Abstract Although there are reports that polyphenol resveratrol (Rsv) may cause muscle hypertrophy in basal conditions and attenuate muscle wasting in catabolic situations, its mechanism of action is still unclear. Our study evaluated the ex vivo effects of Rsv on protein metabolism and intracellular signaling in innervated (sham-operated; Sham) and 3-day sciatic denervated (Den) rat skeletal muscles. Rsv (10-4 M) reduced total proteolysis (40%) in sham muscles. Den increased total proteolysis (~40%) in muscle, which was accompanied by an increase in the activities of ubiquitin-proteasome (~3-fold) and lysosomal (100%) proteolytic systems. Rsv reduced total proteolysis (59%) in Den muscles by inhibiting the hyperactivation of ubiquitin-proteasome (50%) and lysosomal (~70%) systems. Neither Rsv nor Den altered calcium-dependent proteolysis in muscles. Mechanistically, Rsv stimulated PKA/CREB signaling in Den muscles, and PKA blockage by H89 (50μM) abolished the antiproteolytic action of the polyphenol. Rsv reduced FoxO4 phosphorylation (~60%) in both Sham and Den muscles and Akt phosphorylation (36%) in Den muscles. Rsv also caused a homeostatic effect in Den muscles by returning their protein synthesis rates to levels similar to Sham muscles. These data indicate that Rsv directly inhibits the proteolytic activity of lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, mainly in Den muscles through, at least in part, the activation of PKA/CREB signaling. (Rsv situations unclear shamoperated operated (sham-operated 3day day 3 (Den 104 10 4 (10- M 40% 40 (40% ~40% (~40% ubiquitinproteasome ubiquitin proteasome ~3fold 3fold fold ~3 (~3-fold 100% 100 (100% systems 59% 59 (59% 50% 50 (50% ~70% 70 (~70% calciumdependent calcium dependent Mechanistically PKACREB CREB H H8 50μM μM (50μM FoxO ~60% 60 (~60% 36% 36 (36% through part 1 (10 (40 ~40 (~40 ~ (100 5 (59 (50 ~70 7 (~70 ~60 6 (~60 (36 (1 (4 ~4 (~4 (5 ~7 (~7 ~6 (~6 (3 ( (~

Abstract The concern about the risks of viral infections transmission through blood transfusion has led into a search for improvements on screening tests used for the selection of blood donors. Molecular biology techniques applied in researches of viral genomes, known as Nucleic Acid-amplification-Test (NAT), represent a technology capable of increasing transfusion safety by shortening the diagnostic window period. In Brazil, the implementation of this technology for the detection of HIV, HCV and HBV occurred due to the implantation of the NAT Kit – produced by Immunobiological Technology Institute (Biomanguinhos-FIOCRUZ), in the Brazilian blood centers. The National Health Surveillance Agency attaches great importance to validation, since it standardizes, disciplines and regulates criteria for the registration of health products. This work aims to establish a protocol of performance validation by real-time PCR method, taking as the object of study the Bio-Manguinhos NAT Kit, in order to update the product registration or to meet any future needs to ensure all regulatory requirements for the performance validation of the real-time PCR diagnostic kit. The protocol developed followed the ICH recommendations. The results revealed that the adopted methodology contemplates the necessary requirements for compliance with the Brazilian legislation, as well as the established validation parameters.

Abstract The spatial variability of physical properties, such as bulk density, penetration resistance and gravimetric moisture, obtained by applying geostatistics in precision agriculture, can effectively indicate the physical behavior of agricultural soils in longitudinal profiles. In this way, the spatial dependence of physical properties in streets of coffee plantations with different lengths was evaluated in the southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. For this purpose, five longitudinal profiles were measured in streets, each one with depths ranging from 0 to 0.60 m, in six layers of 0.10 m, being the database composed of 432 property, 144 by property, submitted to the ordinary kriging geostatistical method in order to obtain spatial variability maps using the R software. They were evaluated by the lower mean cross-validation error of theoretical models fitted by ordinary least squares (OLS), being detected in higher superficial layers, from 0 to 0.30 m, lower bulk density and lower penetration resistance, with variable gravimetric moisture in the length direction of some streets of coffee plantations, being that these properties presented different structures of spatial dependence for each street.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição da silagem de sorgo por diferentes proporções de silagem de triticale no desempenho e na carcaça de novilhas Braford. A silagem de sorgo foi substituída em 0%, 30%, 60% e 100% pela silagem de triticale como fonte de volumoso na alimentação de 24 novilhas da raça Braford, em um sistema de confinamento. O período experimental total foi de 63 dias para a avaliação do consumo dos componentes da ração, a conversão alimentar e o ganho médio diário. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram abatidos e avaliados em relação às características de carcaça. A substituição da silagem de sorgo pela silagem de triticale não apresentou efeito no consumo dos componentes da ração e no ganho médio diário entre as novilhas (P>0,05). A conversão alimentar foi melhor para as novilhas que receberam menores proporções de silagem de triticale (0% e 30%) em substituição à silagem de sorgo (P<0,05). As características das carcaças foram semelhantes entre os animais independentemente da fonte de volumoso. A silagem de triticale apresenta-se como alimento alternativo à silagem de sorgo em regiões de transição climática para a terminação de novilhas de corte, proporcionando o mesmo desempenho animal e as mesmas características de carcaça.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sorghum silage substitution with different proportions of triticale silage on the performance and carcass of Braford heifers. Twenty-four Braford heifers were randomly assigned to four diets where sorghum silage was replaced at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% for triticale silage in a feedlot system. During sixty-tree days of the experiment, the feed intake, feed ratio conversion, and average daily gain were measured. The heifers were slaughtered and the effects of the sorghum and triticale silage in carcass characteristics were evaluated. The replacement of sorghum silage with triticale silage did not affect the feed intake and average daily gain (P> 0.05). Feed gain ratio was higher for the heifers that received lower proportions of triticale silage (0% and 30%) in replace sorghum silage (P <0.05). Eye loin area and fat thickness were similar among treatments (P<0.05). Other carcass characteristics, such as slaughter live weight, dressing percentage, conformation and fat classification were similar among experimental treatments (P<0.005). Triticale silage can replace sorghum silage for finishing beef heifers in feedlot system and provides similar carcass characteristics.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar perdas, produção e potencial poluidor do efluente, valor nutricional e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens do capim Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguás, em diferentes tamanhos de partícula e densidade de compactação na ensilagem. Foram avaliados três tamanhos teóricos de partícula (TTP 5; 8 e 12mm) e três densidades de compactação (DC 550; 600 e 650kg/m3), distribuídos em arranjo fatorial (3 x 3), com quatro repetições. O maior volume de efluente foi verificado nas silagens com maiores densidades de compactação (600 e 650kg/m3) e menores TTP (5 e 8mm). As maiores demanda química de oxigênio e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio foram registradas no tratamento com TTP de 5mm e nas maiores DC (600 e 650kg/m3). Maior digestibilidade in vitro da MS (média de 57,2%) foi verificada na silagem picada a 5 e 8mm. Não houve quebra da estabilidade aeróbia durante 216 horas. A ensilagem com baixa densidade de compactação (550kg/m3) e o processamento com tamanho teórico de partículas 12mm reduzem as perdas por efluente. O valor nutricional da silagem de capim-paiaguás, em geral, não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. Diferentes tamanhos de partícula e densidade de compactação não alteraram a estabilidade aeróbia das silagens.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate losses, production and polluting potential of the effluent, nutritional value and aerobic stability of silages of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguás grass, in different particle sizes and compaction density in silage. Three theoretical particle sizes (TTP 5; 8 and 12mm) and three compaction densities (DC 550; 600 and 650kg/m3) were evaluated, distributed in a factorial design (3 x 3), with four repetitions. The highest volume of effluent was found in silages with higher compaction densities (600 and 650kg/m3) and lower TTP (5 and 8mm). The highest chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand were registered in the treatment with TTP of 5mm and higher DC (600 and 650kg/m3). Greater in vitro digestibility of DM was verified in the silage chopped at 5 and 8mm. There was no break in aerobic stability for 216 hours. Silage with a low compaction density 550kg/m3 and processing with a theoretical particle size of 12mm reduces effluent losses. In general, the nutritional value of Paiaguás grass was not influenced by the treatments. Different particle sizes and compaction density did not change the aerobic stability of silages.

RESUMO: O portador de insuficiência renal aguda é um paciente que, muitas vezes, encontra-se sob importante condição de balanço energético negativo, gerando alterações metabólicas que predispõem a complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros laboratoriais de trinta cães com insuficiência renal aguda grave, quanto a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de pancreatite aguda em função do balanço energético negativo, e relacioná-los ao grau de gravidade da insuficiência renal. As concentrações séricas de ureia, creatinina, betahidroxibutirato, triglicérides, amilase, lipase total e lipase pancreática canina foram comparadas entre o grupo de cães hígidos e o de cães doentes. Observou-se maior concentração sérica de betahidroxibutirato e maior atividade das enzimas pancreáticas, especialmente da lipase pancreática canina, além de forte correlação entre esta última e a concentração sérica de creatinina, demonstrando a ocorrência de pancreatite aguda em pacientes com insuficiência renal aguda grave. Verificou-se também que quanto mais grave é a insuficiência renal, maior é a predisposição à pancreatite aguda.

ABSTRACT: Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.

Abstract Phytochemical studies of Cespedesia spathulata (Ochnaceae) leaves using 1H, 13C NMR, and GC-MS have led to the isolation of some metabolites identified for the first time in these species such as cathechin, epicatechin, vitexin, orientin, 6’’-O-acetyl-vitexin, sitosterol, stigmasterol, phytol, 4,5-dihydrovomifoliol and a mixture of aliphatic methyl esters, together with ochnaflavone, which was previously isolated from this plant. The modulating activity of some fractions and compounds from Cespedesia spathulata towards tyrosinase enzyme was assayed by spectroscopic and theoretical means/experiments. The dichloromethane fraction (133 μg mL-1) and ochnaflavone (333 μM) inhibited tyrosinase activity by 20 % and 2.0 %, respectively, whereas the ethyl acetate fraction (666 μg mL-1) and ±catechins (catechin and epicatechin - 800 μM) activated it by 104 % and 384 %, respectively. Quantum chemical calculations suggested that catechin and epicatechin are better activators than L-DOPA by interacting with Cu (II) ions. Molecular docking results suggested that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are the main binding forces between each tyrosinase activator and the amino acid residues inside the active protein binding pocket.