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Caracterización bioquímica y molecular de la glucoamilasa producida por la cepa de Aspergillus niger HPD-2
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Pérez-Rodríguez, Fernando Pliego-Arreaga, Raquel Silva-Martínez, Guillermo Antonio Cervantes-Montelongo, Juan Antonio

Biotecnia

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dec 2024, Volume 26 elocation e2024

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Aspergillus niger HPD-2 presenta características particulares de cultivo, crece a una temperatura de 38 ºC y a un pH de 3, además se sabe que produce diversas enzimas de interés comercial como la glucoamilasa, que se encuentra presente en el medio aún bajo condiciones no inducibles y tiene características de actividad interesantes como son, una temperatura óptima de 70 ºC y un pH óptimo de 3-4. Estas características son muy importantes porque ayudarán a minimizar el riesgo de contaminación microbiana en procesos de hidrólisis industrial. Para la caracterización de la glucoamilasa de A. niger HPD-2 se comprobó la presencia y actividad de la enzima en un medio no inductor. Se determinaron los parámetros cinéticos aparentes K m , K i , y V max , 6.66 mM, 0.601 M y 66.5 mM/min respectivamente, así como su temperatura y pH óptimos de actividad (pH 3 y 70 °C). Comparativamente hablando, estos datos son bastante competitivos que aquellos reportados para enzimas similares purificadas. Por otro lado, el análisis de la secuencia de ADN del gen de la glucoamilasa de A. niger HPD-2 mostró que no existen cambios en la región promotora ni en los dominios de unión al almidón. Por lo que la presencia de la enzima en un medio no inductor podría estar relacionada con cambios en una proteína represora CreA.

Abstract Aspergillus niger HPD-2 has interesting growth characteristics, it grows at a temperature of 38 ºC and pH of 3, it is also known to produce various enzymes of commercial interest such as glucoamylase, which is present in the medium even under non-inducible conditions and has important activity characteristics such as an optimum temperature of 70 ºC and an optimum pH of 3-4. These features are very important because they will help to minimize microbial contamination risk in industrial hydrolysis processes. For the characterization of A. niger HPD-2 glucoamylase, the presence and activity of the enzyme were verified in a non-inducing medium. The apparent kinetic parameters K m , K i and V max were determined at 6.66 mM, 0.601 M and 66.5 mM/min, respectively, as well as its optimum pH and temperature activity (pH 3 and 70 °C). Comparatively speaking, these data are competitive against those reported for similar purified enzymes. On the other hand, DNA sequence analysis of A. niger HPD-2 glucoamylase gene showed no changes in the promoter region or starch-binding domains. Therefore, the presence of the enzyme in a non-inducing medium could be related to changes in a repressor protein CreA.

https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v26i1.2024

Bone regeneration by a bone substitute biomaterial containing hydroxyapatite, chitosan, xanthan and graphene oxide supplemented with conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells
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Rocha, Daniel N

; López, David GM

; Ferreira, José RM

; Silva, Marcelo HP

; Filgueiras, Isabela AAAP

; Alves, Bruno F

; Almeida, Bruno M

; Kotaka, Jatiana

; Buss, Leonardo F

; Magnabosco, José L

; Teixeira, Marcelo L

; Mariano, Éric D

; Cationi, Mariáh H

; Bosco, Isadora

; Nascimento, Marvin

; Canal, Raul

; Neves, José G

; Aloise, Antonio C

; Martínez, Elizabeth F

; Holliday, Lexie S

; Pelegrine, André A

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana

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sep 2024, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 151 - 161

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT This study analyzed a recently developed bone substitute biomaterial made of chitosan-xanthanhydroxyapatite- graphene oxide (CXHAG). The CXHAG particles underwent in vitro structural and morphological characterization, and in vivo testing with or without osteogenic conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells. Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether the CXHAG novel biomaterial, supplemented with conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells, could be useful for bone regeneration. Materials and Method For the in vitro study, cells were incubated with 20mg of CXHAG granules for 24 hours and a MTT assay was performed to tests for cytotoxicity. For the in vivo study, critical size calvarial bone defects were created in twenty-five rats. One animal had the defect unfilled (Control Group–CG) and was euthanized after 42 days. Twelve rats received the CXHAG particles (Group 1–G1) and the other twelve received the CXHAG particles supplemented with the conditioned medium (Group 2–G2). All G1/G2 grafts were covered with a CXHAG membrane. G1/G2 animals were euthanized after 14 days (T1) or 42 days (T2). The specimens were processed and histologically evaluated. Results SEM analysis of the CXHAG particles showed granules of 300-400μm, with a rough irregular surface. They were not cytotoxic to dental pulp stem cells in vitro. The CG specimen showed loose immature connective tissue and no bone formation at the center of the defect. G1 and G2 presented remnant biomaterial particles at both time points, but only G2 had bone formation at the center of the defect. Conclusions The conditioned medium had a positive effect on bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defects when associated with the novel bone substitute biomaterial.

RESUMO Este estudo analisou um biomaterial substituto ósseo recentemente desenvolvido feito de óxido de quitosana- xantana-hidroxiapatita-grafeno (CXHAG). As partículas CXHAG observaram caracterização estrutural e morfológica in vitro. Foi testado in vivo, com ou sem meio condicionado osteogênico de células-tronco mesenquimais. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o novo biomaterial CXHAG, suplementado com meio condicionado de células-tronco mesenquimais, poderia ser útil para a regeneração óssea. Materiais e Método Para o estudo in vitro, as células foram incubadas com 20mg de grânulos de CXHAG por 24 horas e foi realizado ensaio de MTT para verificar a citotoxicidade. Para o estudo in vivo, foram criados defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico na calvária em vinte e cinco ratos. Um animal teve o defeito não preenchido (Grupo Controle – GC) e foi eutanasiado após 42 dias. Doze ratos receberam as partículas CXHAG (Grupo 1 – G1) e os outros doze receberam as partículas CXHAG suplementadas com o meio condicionado (Grupo 2 – G2). Todos os enxertos G1/G2 foram cobertos com membrana CXHAG. Os animais do G1/G2 foram eutanasiados após 14 dias (T1) ou 42 dias (T2). Os espécimes foram processados e avaliados histologicamente. Resultados A análise SEM das partículas CXHAG mostrou grânulos de 300-400μm, com superfície áspera e irregular. Eles não foram citotóxicos para células-tronco da polpa dentária in vitro. As amostras CG mostraram tecido conjuntivo imaturo frouxo e nenhuma formação óssea no centro do defeito. G1 e G2 apresentaram partículas remanescentes de biomateriais em ambos os momentos, mas apenas G2 apresentou formação óssea no centro do defeito. Conclusões O meio condicionado teve repercussões positivas na regeneração óssea em defeitos críticos de calvária de ratos quando associado ao novo biomaterial substituto ósseo.

https://doi.org/10.54589/aol.37/2/151

Melatonin mitigates salt stress effects on the growth and production aspects of radish
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Ribeiro, João E. da S.

; Silva, Antonio G. C. da

; Coêlho, Ester dos S.

; Oliveira, Pablo H. de A.

; Silva, Elania F. da

; Oliveira, Anna K. S. de

; Santos, Gisele L. dos

; Lima, John V. L.

; Silva, Toshik I. da

; Silveira, Lindomar M. da

; Barros Júnior, Aurélio P.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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apr 2024, Volume 28 N. 4 elocation e279006

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A alta concentração de sais no solo provoca impacto na disponibilidade de água e nutrientes essenciais para o crescimento e fisiologia das plantas. Assim, são necessárias estratégias de manejo que possam mitigar os efeitos negativos do estresse salino, como por exemplo o uso de hormônios vegetais. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do estresse salino e aplicação de melatonina sobre crescimento e aspectos produtivos de plantas de rabanete. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 × 3, com quatro repetições, sendo considerada uma planta por parcela experimental. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 2,75 e 5,0 dS m-1) e três concentrações de melatonina (0; 0,5 e 1,0 mM). Foram avaliadas a altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca de folhas, pecíolos e raízes, área foliar específica, razão de área foliar e razão de peso foliar. Além disso, foram analisados aspectos produtivios, como comprimento, diâmetro e peso fresco do bulbo. A aplicação exógena de melatonina reduz os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino no crescimento e aspectos produtivos em plantas de rabanete. A aplicação de melatonina na dose de 0,5 mM é a mais indicada para mitigar os efeitos do estresse salino até o nível de 2,5 dS m-1. O uso da melatonina abre novas perspectivas para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo destinadas a otimizar o crescimento e proteger a cultura do rabanete em condições de salinidade. Assim vegetais casualizados repetições experimental 05 0 5 (0,5 275 2 75 2,7 50 5, m1 m 1 m-1 (0 0, 10 1, mM. . mM) caule folhas raízes específica disso produtivios comprimento bulbo 25 2, m1. 1. salinidade (0, 27 7 m- (

ABSTRACT High concentration of salts in the soil impacts the availability of water and nutrients essential for plant growth and physiology. Therefore, management strategies that can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress are necessary, such as the use of plant hormones. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of salt stress and the application of melatonin on the growth and production aspects of radish plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications, considering one plant per experimental plot. The treatments consisted of three electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 2.75, and 5.0 dS m-1) and three concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.5, and 1.0 mM). Growth variables were evaluated, namely plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of leaves, petioles and roots, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf weight ratio. In addition, production aspects were analyzed, namely bulb length, bulb diameter, and bulb fresh weight. Exogenous application of melatonin reduces the deleterious effects of salt stress on the growth and production aspects of radish plants. Application of melatonin at a dose of 0.5 mM is the most recommended to mitigate the effects of salt stress up to the level of 2.75 dS m-1. The use of melatonin opens new perspectives for the development of management strategies aimed at optimizing growth and protecting the radish crop under saline conditions. physiology Therefore necessary hormones Thus plants design scheme replications plot 05 0 5 (0.5 275 2 75 50 5. m1 m 1 m-1 0, (0 10 1. mM. . mM) evaluated height diameter leaves roots ratio addition analyzed length 0. 2.7 m1. conditions (0. 27 7 m- ( 2.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n4e279006

Marandu grass under deferment in monoculture and silvopastoral system: chemical and mineral composition system
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Lages, Regina Pereira

; Santos, Antônio Clementino dos

; Souza, Mirelle Magalhães

; Araújo, Raphael Pavesi de

; Lino, Warley Silva

; Oliveira, Juliana Silva de

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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2024, Volume 25 elocation 76725E

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and mineral characteristics of Marandu grass under stockpiling in monoculture (MC) and a silvopastoral system (SPS) with 12- (SPS12) and 18-m (SPS18) spacing between tree rows. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, in which each system was allocated individually. Each treatment was formed in the center of each plot in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of three systems (MC and SPS12 and SPS18 between the tree rows) and four stockpiling periods (60, 90, 120, and 150 days), totaling 12 treatments with three replications. No interaction effect was observed between the factors (p>0.05) for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg). The CP content decreased with increasing stockpiling days but met the suggested requirement for ruminants up to 75 days. The NDF and ADF concentrations increased, while P and K contents decreased with increasing stockpiling days. Magnesium and Ca concentrations did not differ with stockpiling days. However, a difference was observed only for Mg relative to the evaluated systems, which was higher in MC and SPS12, differing from SPS18. The spacing adopted in the SPS of 12 and 18 m does not negatively influence the nutritional value of the forage plant. The 75-day stockpiling period from March favored the concentration of macronutrients and CP content in Marandu grass in both MC and SPS. (SPS (SPS12 18m (SPS18 rows blocks individually SPS1 60, 60 (60 90 120 15 days, , days) 1 replications p>0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p>0.05 CP, (CP) ADF, (ADF) NDF, (NDF) P, (P) K, (K) Ca, (Ca) Mg. . (Mg) 7 increased However plant 75day day (SPS1 6 (6 9 p>0.0 p00 (p>0.0 (CP (ADF (NDF (P (K (Ca (Mg ( p>0. p0 (p>0. p>0 (p>0 p> (p> (p

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características bromatológicas e minerais do capim Marandu sob diferimento em monocultivo (MC) e em sistema silvipastoril (SSP) com 12 (SSP12) e 18 m (SSP18). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, onde cada sistema foi alocado individualmente. No centro de cada parcela formou-se cada tratamento em fatorial de 3 × 4, composto por três sistemas (MC e SSP12 e SSP18 entre as fileiras das árvores) e quatro períodos de diferimento (60, 90, 120 e 150 dias), perfazendo doze tratamentos com três repetições. Não houve efeito de interação entre os fatores (p>0,05) para proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio ( Mg). O teor de PB diminuiu com o incremento nos dias de diferimento, mas até os 75 dias atendeu a demanda sugerida para ruminantes. As concentrações de FDN e FDA aumentaram, enquanto os teores de P e K diminuíram com o incremento nos dias de diferimento. A concentração de Mg e Ca não diferiu com os dias de diferimento. No entanto, em relação aos sistemas avaliados houve diferença apenas para Mg, que foi maior em MC e SPS12, diferindo de SPS18. O espaçamento adotado no SSP de 12 e 18m não influencia negativamente o valor nutricional da planta forrageira. O período de diferimento de 75 dias a partir de março favoreceu a concentração de macronutrientes e o teor de PB no capim marandu tanto em MC quanto nos SSP. (SSP 1 (SSP12 SSP18. . (SSP18) acaso individualmente formouse formou se 4 SSP1 árvores 60, 60 (60 90 15 dias, , dias) repetições p>0,05 p005 p 0 05 (p>0,05 PB, (PB) FDA, (FDA) FDN, (FDN) P, (P) K, (K) (Ca Mg. Mg) 7 ruminantes aumentaram entanto SPS12 SPS SPS18 forrageira (SSP1 (SSP18 6 (6 9 p>0,0 p00 (p>0,0 (PB (FDA (FDN (P (K SPS1 p>0, p0 (p>0, p>0 (p>0 p> (p> (p

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v25e-76725e

Insect galls of the Chapada Diamantina, Rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil Diamantina Contas Bahia
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Araújo, Tainar de Jesus

; Maia, Valéria Cid

; Carneiro, Marco Antonio Alves

; Santos-Silva, Juliana

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia

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2024, Volume 64 elocation e202464005

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract We surveyed insect galls and their host plants in areas of Caatinga and Cerrado in the municipality of Rio de Contas, in the extreme south of the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia state), between 703 and 1,897 m altitude, in order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. The survey was conducted in eight locations, adopting the random walking methodology for sampling, four in Caatinga and four in Cerrado, covering distinct phytophysiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto, gallery forest, shrubby caatinga, riparian forest, and rocky field). Eighty-four different insect gall morphotypes were reported, 48 (57.14%) of them on 42 host species in Cerrado and 36 (42.86%) on 24 host species in Caatinga. Most galls occurred on leaves (48.72%) and were globoid (53.76%), glabrous (52.92%), isolated (55.44%), usually one-chambered (61.32%), and brown (25.2%). The gall-inducing insects identified belonged to Lepidoptera (n = 1), Thysanoptera (n = 1), Hemiptera (n = 2), and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) (n = 16). This was the first inventory of galls in the Chapada Diamantina, so all records are new for the region. We also recorded the first occurrences of galls on two Cerrado plant species and on two in the Caatinga. We found a significant positive correlation between gall richness and plant species richness, suggesting that radiation of gall-inducing insects may be associated with plant species richness. Contas Bahia state, state , state) 70 1897 1 897 1,89 altitude biodiversity locations sampling cerrado stricto forest caatinga field. field . field) Eightyfour Eighty reported 4 57.14% 5714 57 14 (57.14% 3 42.86% 4286 86 (42.86% 2 48.72% 4872 72 (48.72% 53.76%, 5376 53.76% 53 76 (53.76%) 52.92%, 5292 52.92% 52 92 (52.92%) 55.44%, 5544 55.44% 55 44 (55.44%) onechambered one chambered 61.32%, 6132 61.32% 61 32 (61.32%) 25.2%. 252 25.2% 25 (25.2%) gallinducing inducing n 1, 1) 2, 2) Cecidomyiidae (Cecidomyiidae 16. 16 16) region 7 189 89 1,8 57.14 571 5 (57.14 42.86 428 8 (42.86 48.72 487 (48.72 537 53.76 (53.76% 529 52.92 9 (52.92% 554 55.44 (55.44% 613 61.32 6 (61.32% 25.2 (25.2% 18 57.1 (57.1 42.8 (42.8 48.7 (48.7 53.7 (53.76 52.9 (52.92 55.4 (55.44 61.3 (61.32 25. (25.2 57. (57. 42. (42. 48. (48. 53. (53.7 52. (52.9 55. (55.4 61. (61.3 (25. (57 (42 (48 (53. (52. (55. (61. (25 (5 (4 (53 (52 (55 (61 (2 ( (6

https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.005

Environmental influences in the annual current increment of the basal area, in the Caatinga environment area
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Costa Júnior, Djailson Silva da

; Ferreira, Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo

; Silva, José Antônio Aleixo da

; Silva, José Wesley Lima

; Pessoa, Mayara Maria de Lima

Ciência Florestal

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2024, Volume 34 N. 2 elocation e67699

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O crescimento das espécies vegetais é diretamente influenciado por fatores bióticos e abióticos. Com isso, objetivou-se identificar variáveis que influenciam no incremento corrente anual – ICA da área basal, em duas áreas, considerada como “menos conservada” e “conservada” no Semiárido Pernambucano, Brasil. Os dados dendrométricos foram oriundos de 40 parcelas permanentes de (20 m x 20 m), nos anos de 2008 e 2011 a 2019, as mensurações foram realizadas nos indivíduos e fustes com circunferência a 1,30 m do solo ≥ 6 cm. Os dados ambientais foram provenientes do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e da Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Climas. Aplicou-se correlação de Spearman entre o ICA e as variáveis ambientais, diante o problema de medidas repetidas, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear misto: CAIi = (β0 + αperíodo + λespécie) + βnVdendrométricasn + βmVambientaism + ϵi, consideraram-se os efeitos aleatórios o período e as espécies, e os de efeitos fixos as variáveis dendrométricas e ambientais. Quanto à significância das variáveis no ICA, notou-se influência para a área menos conservada apenas em relação aos efeitos fixos, já na área conservada foi significativo quanto aos efeitos fixos para as variáveis dendrométricas. Em geral o modelo mostrou boa performance, distribuições dos resíduos, sem outliers. Apesar de ter apresentado influência das variáveis ambientais apenas na menos conservada, se faz necessário o monitoramento por longo período, de modo que ultrapasse os eventos de secas sazonais. abióticos isso objetivouse objetivou basal áreas “conservada Pernambucano Brasil 4 (2 2 m, , m) 200 201 2019 130 1 30 1,3 cm Climas Aplicouse Aplicou repetidas misto β0 β (β λespécie ϵi consideraramse consideraram notouse notou performance resíduos outliers sazonais ( 13 3 1,

ABSTRACT The growth of plant species is directly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. With this, the objective was to identify variables that influence the current annual increment – CAI of the basal area, in two areas, considered as “least conserved” and “most conserved” in the Semiarid of Pernambuco, Brazil. The dendrometric data is from 40 permanent plots of (20 m x 20 m), in the years (2008 and 2011 to 2019), measurements were conducted on individuals and branches with a circumference at 1.30 m from the ground ≥ 6 cm. The environmental data came from the National Institute of Meteorology and the Water and Climate Agency of Pernambuco. Spearman's correlation was applied between the CAI and the environmental variables, given the problem of repeated measurements, the mixed linear regression model was used: CAIi = (β0 + αperiod + λspecie) + βnVdendrometricn + βmVenvironmentalm + ϵi, considering the random effects the period and species, and the fixed effects the dendrometric and environmental variables. Regarding the significance of the variables in the CAI, an influence was noted for the least conserved area only in relation to the fixed effects, whereas in the most conserved area it was significant in terms of the fixed effects for the dendrometric variables. In general, the model showed satisfactory performance, residual distributions, without outliers. Despite having shown influence of environmental variables only in the least conserved, long-term monitoring is necessary, to overcome seasonal drought events. factors this areas Pernambuco Brazil 4 (2 2 m, , m) 2008 (200 201 2019, 2019 2019) 130 1 30 1.3 cm Spearmans Spearman s used β0 β (β λspecie ϵi general performance distributions outliers longterm long term necessary events ( 200 13 3 1.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509867699

Residual effect of phosphorus sources on the presence and absence of organic compost in the production of beet and chicory in subsequent cultivation of broccoli
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Cardoso, Antonio II

; Silva, Priscilla NL

; Fernandes, Dirceu M

; Lanna, Natália BL

; Colombari, Lidiane F

; Nakada-Freitas, Pâmela G

Horticultura Brasileira

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2024, Volume 42 elocation e2543

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A utilização de adubo orgânico para uma cultura de ciclo curto pode permitir o plantio, em sequência, de outra cultura de ciclo curto, sem a necessidade de novos adubos, reduzindo os custos de nova adubação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito residual da adubação aplicada ao brócolis com fontes de fósforo na presença e ausência de composto orgânico, na produção de beterraba e chicória em cultivos após a colheita do brócolis. No cultivo de brócolis, quatro fontes de fósforo (termofosfato, fosfato natural, fosfato reativo natural e superfosfato triplo) (600 kg/ha de P2O5) foram avaliadas na presença e ausência de composto orgânico (Visafértil®, 55 t/ha) antes do plantio. Após a retirada dos restos culturais do brócolis, as mudas de beterraba e chicória foram transplantadas nas mesmas parcelas onde foram cultivadas as plantas de brócolis. Para cada espécie foram avaliados oito tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo o primeiro fator as quatro fontes de fósforo e o segundo a aplicação ou não de composto antes do plantio do brócolis (hybrid BRO 68). Os tratamentos com composto orgânico apresentaram maior produção de beterraba e de chicória, comparado à ausência de composto. A adubação com composto orgânico associado às fontes de fósforo proporciona efeito residual necessário à produção de beterraba e chicória. Para a beterraba, a melhor fonte de P foi o superfosfato triplo, e para a chicória, na ausência de composto orgânico, o superfosfato triplo foi a melhor fonte. Na presença de composto orgânico as melhores fontes foram o superfosfato triplo e o fosfato natural. sequência adubos termofosfato, termofosfato (termofosfato 600 (60 kgha kg ha P2O5 PO Visafértil®, Visafértil (Visafértil® 5 t/ha tha t 2 hybrid 68. 68 . 68) 60 (6 P2O Visafértil® (Visafértil 6 (

ABSTRACT The utilization of organic fertilizer for a short cycle crop may allow planting, in sequence, another short cycle crop, without the need for new fertilizers, reducing the costs of a new fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of fertilization applied to broccoli with phosphorus sources in the presence and absence of organic compost, on beet and chicory production in subsequent cultivation. In broccoli cultivation, four sources of phosphorus (thermophosphate, natural phosphate, natural reactive phosphate, and triple superphosphate) (600 kg/ha of P2O5) were evaluated in the presence and absence of organic compost (Visafértil®, 55 t/ha) before planting. After the removal of the cultural remains of broccoli, beet and chicory, seedlings were transplanted in the same plots of the first crop treatments. For each species eight treatments were evaluated, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme. The first factor were the four sources of phosphorus and the second one was the application or not of organic compost before broccoli (hybrid BRO 68) planting. Treatments with organic compost showed greater production of beet and chicory, compared to the absence of compost. Fertilization with organic compost associated to the phosphorus sources provides necessary residual effect to beet and chicory production. The best P source for beet was triple superphosphate, and for chicory, in the absence of organic compost, triple superphosphate was the best source. In the presence of organic compost, the best sources were triple superphosphate and natural phosphate. planting sequence fertilizers cultivation thermophosphate, thermophosphate (thermophosphate phosphate 600 (60 kgha kg ha P2O5 PO O Visafértil®, Visafértil (Visafértil® 5 t/ha tha t scheme hybrid 68 60 (6 P2O Visafértil® (Visafértil 6 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2024-e2543

Vegetating Lesions that Appear in the Scar after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Tumors: Tumor Regrowth or Benign Neoplasm? Tumors Neoplasm
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Cabral, Rodrigo Rezende Silva

; Cunha, Fernanda Biasi da

; Nicollelli, Guilherme Mattiolli

; Sartor, Maria Cristina Brener, Antonio Sergio Winter, Wagner Carignano Degraf, Ygor Zago, Lucas Schultz Gomide, Larissa Machado e Silva

Journal of Coloproctology (Rio de Janeiro)

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2024, Volume 44 N. 1 Pages e75 - e79

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction After the diagnosis of neoplasm of the middle and distal rectum, patients are often submitted to oncological treatment by neoadjuvant therapy. At the end of this treatment, those patients who show complete clinical response can choose, together with their physician, to adopt the watch-and-wait strategy; although it implies lower morbidity for the patient, this strategy is dependent on strict adherence to treatment follow-up for the early identification of any future local injury. Materials and Methods Survey of data from medical records and description, and discussion of case reports with a literature review in books and databases. Results We report the case of a 73-year-old patient diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the middle rectum, Stage II (cT3bN0M0), who presented complete clinical response after undergoing treatment with neoadjuvant therapy. Together with the assistant team, the watch-and-wait strategy was chosen. During the follow-up, an endoscopic examination showed a vegetating at the proximal limit of the tumor scar. We chose to perform submucosal endoscopic dissection. The report of the anatomopathological examination evidenced a serrated adenoma with narrow margins free of neoplasia. Conclusion Patient adherence to cancer treatment using the watch-and-wait strategy is essential for the early identification of new local lesions. After resection of the lesion identified in the tumor scar site as a neoplasm-free lesion, it is consistent to think that this lesion would be the origin of the neoplasm, given the adenomatous origin. rectum therapy choose physician watchandwait watch wait followup follow up injury description databases 73yearold yearold 73 year old cT3bN0M0, cT3bN0M0 cTbNM , cT bN M (cT3bN0M0) team chosen followup, up, dissection neoplasia lesions neoplasmfree 7 cT3bN0M (cT3bN0M0 (cT3bN0M

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1785211

Identification of rice mutant families with chilling tolerance
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Getz, Barbara

; Silva, Raíssa Martins da

; Luz, Viviane Kopp da

; Sousa, Rogerio Oliveira de

; Magalhães Júnior, Ariano Martins de

; Barbosa Neto, José Fernandes

; Maia, Luciano Carlos da

; Oliveira, Antonio Costa de

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2024, Volume 59 elocation e03408

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a tolerância ao frio em famílias mutantes de arroz na geração M4, no início do estágio vegetativo. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No experimento I, a tolerância ao frio foi avaliada em 43 famílias mutantes, no genótipo original 'BRS Querência' e em 19 genótipos comerciais. No Experimento II, 8 famílias mutantes do Experimento I, 'BRS Querência' e um mutante proveniente da geração M5 foram testados. Em ambos os experimentos, as plântulas foram avaliadas em duas condições: 10°C por sete dias e 25°C por sete dias. No Experimento I, as mutações induzidas em arroz levaram a respostas variadas nas características de tolerância ao frio, com algumas famílias mutantes M4 tendo superado o genótipo original. O Experimento II destacou o impacto das mutações na tolerância ao frio, particularmente em termos de descoloração das folhas e recrescimento da planta. As famílias mutantes no estágio M4 diferem do genótipo original 'BRS Querência' em tolerância ao frio, no início do estágio vegetativo. As famílias mutantes M36, M54 e M56 e 'BRS Querência' apresentam similaridade genética, o que indica falta de tolerância ao frio durante o início do estágio vegetativo. As famílias mutantes M17, M21, M22 e M26 são promissoras para programas de melhoramento genético de arroz, pois apresentam tolerância ao frio. A família mutante M30 apresenta o melhor desempenho em todas as características analisadas, o que indica tolerância ao frio no início do estágio vegetativo. M vegetativo experimentos I 4 BRS Querência 1 comerciais testados condições 10C C 10 25C 25 planta M36 genética M17 M21 M2 M3 analisadas 2 M1

Abstract The objective of this work was to characterize chilling tolerance in rice mutant families of the M4 generation, at the seedling stage. Two experiments were carried out: chilling tolerance was evaluated in 43 mutant families, in the 'BRS Querência' original genotype, and in 19 commercial genotypes. In Experiment II, 8 mutant families from Experiment I, 'BRS Querência', and a mutant of the M5 generation were tested. In both experiments, seedlings were evaluated under two conditions: 10°C for seven days and 25°C for seven days. In Experiment I, the induced mutations in rice led to varied responses in chilling tolerance traits, with some M4 mutant families outperforming the original genotype. Experiment II highlighted the impact of mutations on chilling-tolerance, particularly in terms of leaf discoloration and plant recovery. Mutant families of the M4 generation differ from the original genotype 'BRS Querência' in chilling tolerance at the seedling stage. The mutant families M36, M54, and M56 and 'BRS Querência' show genetic similarity, indicating a lack of chilling tolerance during the seedling stage. The mutant families M17, M21, M22, and M26 are promising for rice breeding programs because they present chilling tolerance. The M30 mutant family exhibits the best performance for all analyzed traits, indicating chilling tolerance at the seedling stage. M stage out 4 BRS Querência 1 genotypes I Querência, , tested conditions 10C C 10 25C 25 traits chillingtolerance, chillingtolerance tolerance, chilling-tolerance recovery M36 M54 similarity M17 M21 M22 M2 M3 2 M1

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2024.v59.03408

10.

Effect of processing method of rehydrated flint corn grain silage on finishing performance of crossbred Angus × Nellore bulls
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Piran Filho, Francisco Antonio

; Bragatto, Janaina Macieiro

; Parra, Camila Salazar

; Silva, Sillas Mayron da Silva da

; Pinto, Regina Cristiane Cloth

; Moraes, Andresa de

; Santos, Tatiana Carlesso dos

; Jobim, Clóves Cabreira

; Owens, Fredric

; Daniel, João Luiz Pratti

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2024, Volume 53 elocation e20230140

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This trial was designed to evaluate the effect of processing method of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCGS) on feed intake, performance, carcass traits, feeding behavior, rumen morphology, and blood metabolites of cattle in the finishing phase. Thirty-eight F1 Angus × Nellore bulls (365±22 kg) raised under grazing conditions were housed in individual pens (2 × 4 m) for the feeding trial. At the end of the adaptation period, animals were weighed after a 16-h fast, blocked by shrunk body weight, and randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments: GRC, consisting of RCGS that was ground before ensiling using a hammer mill with a uniform 8-mm screen (1.52 mm geometric mean particle size); and RRC, consisting of RCGS that was rolled before ensiling in a roller mill mounted in a bagging machine (2.18 mm geometric mean particle size). Diet ingredients were mixed manually twice daily, at 09:00 and 15:00 h, and offered as total mixed rations in amounts approximately 50 g/kg in excess of daily intake. The experimental diets contained a forage:concentrate ratio of 130:870 g/kg, with 644 g/kg of RCGS. The GRC resulted in greater daily variation in dry matter intake, total-tract digestibility (dry and organic matter), fecal pH, rumen papillae width, and lower first meal duration, meal length, fecal starch, and rumen papillae height than the RRC. However, grinding or rolling RCGS did not affect dry matter intake, growth performance, carcass traits, or health (liver abscesses, ruminitis, serum D-lactate) of finishing beef cattle. Therefore, the processing equipment to make RCGS might be preferable based on equipment availability, milling yield, energy consumption, and diet composition. (RCGS intake performance traits behavior morphology phase Thirtyeight Thirty eight F 365±22 36522 365 22 (365±2 kg 2 ( m period 16h h 16 fast weight treatments 8mm 8 1.52 152 1 52 (1.5 size size) RRC 2.18 218 18 (2.1 size. . 0900 09 00 09:0 1500 15 15:0 5 gkg g forageconcentrate forage concentrate 130870 130 870 130:87 64 totaltract tract matter, , matter) pH width duration length starch However liver abscesses ruminitis Dlactate D lactate D-lactate Therefore availability yield consumption composition 365±2 3652 36 (365± 1.5 (1. 2.1 21 (2. 090 0 09: 150 15: 13087 13 87 130:8 6 365± 3 (365 1. (1 2. 1308 130: (36 (3

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5320230140

11.

Influence of FeCO3 and FeSO4 Layers on Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid Medium of Eutetoid Steels FeCO FeSO
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Fideles, Francisco Felipe de M.

; Florez, Mauro Andres C.

; Souza Filho, Antonio Gomes de Cardoso, Jorge Luiz Santiago, Pedro Queiros Araújo, Walney Silva Abreu, Hamilton Ferreira G. de

Materials Research

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2024, Volume 27 elocation e20240081

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This work addresses the corrosion resistance of Riser steels used in submarine pipelines for oil production, making it crucial to evaluate the variables related to corrosion in the marine environment. Three types of wires with spheroidized, lamellar and discontinuous cementite microstructure were tested in 0.1M H2SO4 with and without the use of CO2, in addition to a different ambient temperature (80 °C). Thus, electrochemical tests, including OCP and linear potentiodynamic polarization, revealed the corrosion resistance of each material. The analysis of the polarization curves through Tafel extrapolation, obtained the current density, correlating with the potential of the sample in the medium, indicating the polarization resistance. The LC wires demonstrated greater resistance to corrosion (769.23; 2,544.79 and 4,790.87 Ω.cm2) compared to spheroidized cementite (502,40; 1,038.99 and 902.95 Ω.cm2) and, which, in turn, obtained lower resistance values in two of the solutions. The FeCO3 and FeSO4 salts were formed in different areas, including the most degraded ones identified by Raman spectroscopy. production environment 01M M 0 1M HSO H SO H2SO CO2 CO 80 (8 °C. C °C . °C) Thus tests material extrapolation density medium 769.23 76923 769 23 (769.23 254479 2 544 79 2,544.7 479087 4 790 87 4,790.8 Ω.cm2 Ωcm2 Ωcm Ω cm2 cm 502,40 50240 502 40 (502,40 103899 1 038 99 1,038.9 90295 902 95 902.9 which turn solutions FeCO FeSO areas spectroscopy 8 ( 769.2 7692 76 (769.2 25447 54 7 2,544. 47908 4,790. Ω.cm 502,4 5024 50 (502,4 10389 03 9 1,038. 9029 90 902. 769. (769. 2544 5 2,544 4790 4,790 502, (502, 1038 1,038 (769 254 2,54 479 4,79 (502 103 1,03 (76 25 2,5 47 4,7 (50 10 1,0 (7 2, 4, (5 1,

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2024-0081

12.

Physical characteristics of the hair coat of sows raised in free-range systems in a tropical environment freerange free range
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Nascimento, Sheila Tavares

; Mós, João Victor do Nascimento Murata, Luci Sayori Santos, Vinicius Machado dos Steidle Neto, Antonio José Oliveira, Evandro Menezes de Maia, Alex Sandro Campos Teixeira, Bruno Emanoel Parizotto, Raquel Silva, Luana Freitas

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

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2024, Volume 46 elocation e63533

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the hair coat characteristics of sows raised in a free-range system in a tropical climate and assess associations with effective radiative properties and thermal conductivity. Bristles were collected from December 2017 to April 2018 and evaluated for diameter (mm), length (mm), and density (bristles per cm2). From these data, the effective thermal conductivity, absorptivity, transmissivity, and reflectivity of the hair coat were determined. Sows were separated into four groups according to skin pigmentation and color parameters. The environment was characterized with regard to average air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and shortwave radiation (W m-2). The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis. Bristle length (33 mm) and density (10 bristles cm-2) were lower in summer than in colder months (48 mm and 20 bristles cm-2, respectively). Effective absorptivity was higher and transmittance was lower in more pigmented sows, demonstrating a connection with protection against solar radiation. Therefore, the combination of a pigmented and dense coat seems to be ideal for pigs reared in free-range systems. ABSTRACT freerange free range conductivity 201 mm, , (mm) cm2. cm2 cm . cm2) transmissivity determined parameters °C, C °C (°C) %, % (%) W m2. m2 m 2 m-2) analysis 33 (3 10 (1 cm-2 48 (4 cm2, 2, respectively. respectively respectively) Therefore systems (mm (°C (% m-2 3 ( 1 cm- 4 m-

https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v46i1.63533

13.

Post-genomic analysis of Monosporascus cannonballus and Macrophomina phaseolina - potential target selection Postgenomic Post genomic
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Silva, Fabiana Rodrigues da

; Martins, Natália Florêncio Viana, Marcos Jose Andrade Sales Júnior, Rui Aragão, Fernando Antonio Souza de

Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy

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2024, Volume 46 elocation e65794

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker and Macrophomina phaseolina Tassi (Goid) are phytopathogenic fungi responsible for causing "root rot and vine decline" in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Currently, cultural management practices are predominantly employed to control these pathogens, as the use of pesticides not only has detrimental environmental impacts but has also proven ineffective against them. These fungi have already undergone molecular characterization, and their genomes are now available, enabling the targeted search for protein targets. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel target proteins that can serve as a foundation for the development of fungicides for effectively managing these pathogens. The genomes of M. cannonballus (assembly ASM415492v1) and M. phaseolina (assembly ASM2087553v1) were subjected to comprehensive analysis, filtration, and comparison. The proteomes of both fungi were clustered based on functional criteria, including putative and hypothetical functions, cell localization, and function-structure relationships. The selection process for homologs in the fungal genomes included a structural search. In the case of M. cannonballus, a total of 17,518 proteins were re-annotated, and among them, 13 candidate targets were identified. As for M. phaseolina, 30,226 initial proteins were analyzed, leading to the identification of 10 potential target proteins. This study thus provides new insights into the molecular functions of these potential targets, with the further validation of inhibitors through experimental methods holding promise for expanding our knowledge in this area. ABSTRACT Goid (Goid root decline Cucumis L.. L L. . L.) Currently pathogens them characterization available Therefore M assembly ASM415492v1 ASMv ASM v ASM2087553v1 analysis filtration comparison criteria localization functionstructure function structure relationships 17518 17 518 17,51 reannotated, reannotated re annotated, annotated re-annotated 1 identified 30226 30 226 30,22 analyzed area ASM415492v ASM2087553v 1751 51 17,5 3022 3 22 30,2 175 5 17, 302 2 30,

https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v46i1.65794

14.

Production of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia benth seedlings using a water-absorbing polymer and different water regimes waterabsorbing absorbing
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Antas, Renato N.

; Mendonça, Luciana F. de M.

; Silva, Jodiene do N.

; Guimarães, Alisson G. C.

; Araújo, Larissa de M.

; Freire, Antonio L. de O.

; Medeiros, José C. G. de

; Lucena, João V. P. de

Revista Caatinga

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2024, Volume 37 elocation e12314

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth é uma espécie arbórea nativa da caatinga comumente utilizada em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas. Um fator que pode afetar seu desenvolvimento é a falta de água. Assim, é fundamental buscar alternativas que aumentem a tolerâncias das plantas a falta d’água, desse modo uma dessas alternativas é o uso dos polímeros hidroabsorventes. Neste contexto, o objetivo foi avaliar doses do polímero hidrorretentor sob diferentes turnos de rega na produção de mudas de sabiá. O experimento foi conduzido no Viveiro Florestal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, campus de Patos. As sementes foram semeadas em garrafas PET (Polietileno Tereftalato) de 2 litros cortadas ao meio, contendo os substratos solo e esterco bovino, na proporção 2:1. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo 04 doses do hidrogel (0, 1g, 2g e 3g por litro de substrato) e dois turnos de rega (irrigação diária). Ao término do experimento (75 dias) foi avaliado número de folhas, diâmetro do colo, altura de planta, crescimento do sistema radicular, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca do sistema radicular, teor relativo de água (TRA), teor de clorofila e trocas gasosas, além do Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Quase todas as vaiáveis não se deferiram estatisticamente, mas ao término do experimento, conclui-se que a dose 2g de hidrogel promove maiores incrementos na produção de mudas de sabia e ausência de hidrogel promove maior crescimento do sistema radicular independente do turno de rega. degradadas Assim dágua, dágua d água, d’água hidroabsorventes contexto sabiá Grande Patos Polietileno Tereftalato meio bovino 21. 21 1. 1 2:1 casualizado 0 0, (0 1g g substrato irrigação diária. diária . diária) 75 (7 dias folhas colo planta aérea TRA, TRA , (TRA) gasosas IQD. IQD (IQD) estatisticamente concluise conclui 2: ( 7 (TRA (IQD

ABSTRACT Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth is an arboreous species native to the Caatinga commonly utilized for restoration of degraded areas. One factor that can affect its development is water shortage. This denotes the importance of searching for alternatives for improving these plant's tolerance to water shortage, such as the use of water-absorbing polymers known as hydrogels. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production of M. caesalpiniifolia seedlings under different hydrogel rates and water regimes. The experiment was conducted at the Forest Nursery of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil. Seeds were sown in 2-liter pots made from halved polyethylene terephthalate bottles, containing a substrate consisted of soil and cattle manure (2:1 v v-1). A completely randomized design with four replications was used, in a 4×2 factorial arrangement consisted of four hydrogel rates in the substrate (0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1) and two water regimes (daily irrigation and irrigation every 2 days). The following parameters were evaluated at the end of the experiment (75 days after sowing): number of leaves per plant, stem base diameter, plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weights, water relative content, chlorophyll content, gas exchanges, and Dickson quality index. Most of parameters presented no statistically significant difference; however, the hydrogel rate of 2 g L-1 resulted in increased production of M. caesalpiniifolia seedlings, whereas the absence of hydrogel resulted in longer roots, regardless of the water regime. areas shortage plants s waterabsorbing absorbing hydrogels context M Grande Patos PB Brazil 2liter liter bottles 21 1 (2: v1. v1 . v-1) used 42 4 4× 0, 0 (0 L1 L daily days. days) 75 (7 sowing sowing) diameter height length weights content exchanges index difference however L- roots regime (2 v-1 ( 7 v-

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712314rc

15.

Growth and physiological aspects of arugula subjected to soil salinity and fertilizer doses
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Torres, Márcia B.

; Gonçalves, Flávio R. de F.

; Souza, Maria V. P. de

; Lima, Antonio F. da S.

; Silva, Alexsandro O. da

; Sousa, Geocleber G. de

Revista Caatinga

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2024, Volume 37 elocation e12382

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A rúcula é uma hortaliça que apresenta considerável destaque no setor comercial, logo conhecer a dose ideal de fertirrigação e os efeitos da salinidade do solo nas suas características agronômicas é essencial para uma boa produção. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os aspectos morfológicos e fisiológicos da rúcula, cultivar ‘folha larga’ em diferentes níveis de salinidade do solo e doses de adubação via fertirrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, durante dois ciclos de cultivo consecutivos, durante os meses de maio a junho e julho a agosto de 2021. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica do extrato saturado (CEes = 0,57, 1,3, 2,3 e 3,3 dS m-1) e três doses de adubação via fertirrigação (F1= 100%, F2= 50% e F3= 25% das doses de NPK recomendada). As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de planta (cm), número de folhas, área foliar (m2 planta-1), massa fresca da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea (g planta-1), umidade foliar, SPAD e trocas gasosas (fotossíntese, transpiração, condutância estomática e concentração interna de CO2). Houve redução no crescimento da rúcula no solo com CEes acima de 2,1 dS m-1. A fertirrigação utilizando a dose completa de adubação recomendada para a cultura da rúcula, demonstrou ser uma estratégia eficaz para aumentar tanto a produção de biomassa quanto a atividade fisiológica das plantas. comercial folha larga vegetação consecutivos 2021 casualizados 3 repetições 057 0 57 0,57 13 1 1,3 23 2 2, 33 m1 m m-1 F1= F1 F (F1 100 100% F2 50 F3 25 recomendada. . recomendada) cm, cm , (cm) folhas m2 (m planta1, planta1 planta-1) g fotossíntese, fotossíntese (fotossíntese transpiração CO2. CO2 CO CO2) 21 m1. 1. plantas 202 05 5 0,5 1, m- (F 10 (cm planta-1 20 0, planta-

ABSTRACT Arugula is a vegetable with considerable prominence in the commercial sector, so knowing the ideal dose of fertigation and the effects of soil salinity on its agronomic characteristics is essential for good production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological and physiological aspects of arugula, cultivar Broadleaf, at different levels of soil salinity and doses of fertilization via fertigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during two consecutive growing cycles, from May to June and from July to August 2021. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Treatments consisted of four levels of electrical conductivity of the saturated extract (ECse = 0.57, 1.3, 2.3, and 3.3 dS m-1) and three doses of fertilization via fertigation (F1= 100%, F2= 50%, and F3= 25% of the recommended NPK doses). The variables analyzed were: plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf area (m2 plant-1), shoot fresh mass and shoot dry mass (g plant-1), leaf water percentage, SPAD, and gas exchange (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2 concentration). There was a reduction in arugula growth in soil with ECse above 2.1 dS m-1. Fertigation using the full dose of fertilizer recommended for arugula cultivation proved to be an effective strategy for increasing both biomass production and physiological activity. sector Broadleaf cycles 2021 blocks scheme replicates 057 0 57 0.57 13 1 1.3 23 2 2.3 33 3. m1 m m-1 F1= F1 F (F1 100 100% F2 50 50% F3 25 doses. . doses) were cm, cm , (cm) leaves m2 (m plant1, plant1 plant-1) g percentage SPAD photosynthesis, photosynthesis (photosynthesis transpiration conductance CO concentration. concentration concentration) 21 2. m1. 1. activity 202 05 5 0.5 m- (F 10 (cm plant-1 20 0. plant-

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712382rc

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