Abstract Aspergillus niger HPD-2 has interesting growth characteristics, it grows at a temperature of 38 ºC and pH of 3, it is also known to produce various enzymes of commercial interest such as glucoamylase, which is present in the medium even under non-inducible conditions and has important activity characteristics such as an optimum temperature of 70 ºC and an optimum pH of 3-4. These features are very important because they will help to minimize microbial contamination risk in industrial hydrolysis processes. For the characterization of A. niger HPD-2 glucoamylase, the presence and activity of the enzyme were verified in a non-inducing medium. The apparent kinetic parameters K m , K i and V max were determined at 6.66 mM, 0.601 M and 66.5 mM/min, respectively, as well as its optimum pH and temperature activity (pH 3 and 70 °C). Comparatively speaking, these data are competitive against those reported for similar purified enzymes. On the other hand, DNA sequence analysis of A. niger HPD-2 glucoamylase gene showed no changes in the promoter region or starch-binding domains. Therefore, the presence of the enzyme in a non-inducing medium could be related to changes in a repressor protein CreA.

Resumen Aspergillus niger HPD-2 presenta características particulares de cultivo, crece a una temperatura de 38 ºC y a un pH de 3, además se sabe que produce diversas enzimas de interés comercial como la glucoamilasa, que se encuentra presente en el medio aún bajo condiciones no inducibles y tiene características de actividad interesantes como son, una temperatura óptima de 70 ºC y un pH óptimo de 3-4. Estas características son muy importantes porque ayudarán a minimizar el riesgo de contaminación microbiana en procesos de hidrólisis industrial. Para la caracterización de la glucoamilasa de A. niger HPD-2 se comprobó la presencia y actividad de la enzima en un medio no inductor. Se determinaron los parámetros cinéticos aparentes K m , K i , y V max , 6.66 mM, 0.601 M y 66.5 mM/min respectivamente, así como su temperatura y pH óptimos de actividad (pH 3 y 70 °C). Comparativamente hablando, estos datos son bastante competitivos que aquellos reportados para enzimas similares purificadas. Por otro lado, el análisis de la secuencia de ADN del gen de la glucoamilasa de A. niger HPD-2 mostró que no existen cambios en la región promotora ni en los dominios de unión al almidón. Por lo que la presencia de la enzima en un medio no inductor podría estar relacionada con cambios en una proteína represora CreA.

RESUMO Este estudo analisou um biomaterial substituto ósseo recentemente desenvolvido feito de óxido de quitosana- xantana-hidroxiapatita-grafeno (CXHAG). As partículas CXHAG observaram caracterização estrutural e morfológica in vitro. Foi testado in vivo, com ou sem meio condicionado osteogênico de células-tronco mesenquimais. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o novo biomaterial CXHAG, suplementado com meio condicionado de células-tronco mesenquimais, poderia ser útil para a regeneração óssea. Materiais e Método Para o estudo in vitro, as células foram incubadas com 20mg de grânulos de CXHAG por 24 horas e foi realizado ensaio de MTT para verificar a citotoxicidade. Para o estudo in vivo, foram criados defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico na calvária em vinte e cinco ratos. Um animal teve o defeito não preenchido (Grupo Controle – GC) e foi eutanasiado após 42 dias. Doze ratos receberam as partículas CXHAG (Grupo 1 – G1) e os outros doze receberam as partículas CXHAG suplementadas com o meio condicionado (Grupo 2 – G2). Todos os enxertos G1/G2 foram cobertos com membrana CXHAG. Os animais do G1/G2 foram eutanasiados após 14 dias (T1) ou 42 dias (T2). Os espécimes foram processados e avaliados histologicamente. Resultados A análise SEM das partículas CXHAG mostrou grânulos de 300-400μm, com superfície áspera e irregular. Eles não foram citotóxicos para células-tronco da polpa dentária in vitro. As amostras CG mostraram tecido conjuntivo imaturo frouxo e nenhuma formação óssea no centro do defeito. G1 e G2 apresentaram partículas remanescentes de biomateriais em ambos os momentos, mas apenas G2 apresentou formação óssea no centro do defeito. Conclusões O meio condicionado teve repercussões positivas na regeneração óssea em defeitos críticos de calvária de ratos quando associado ao novo biomaterial substituto ósseo.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed a recently developed bone substitute biomaterial made of chitosan-xanthanhydroxyapatite- graphene oxide (CXHAG). The CXHAG particles underwent in vitro structural and morphological characterization, and in vivo testing with or without osteogenic conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells. Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether the CXHAG novel biomaterial, supplemented with conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells, could be useful for bone regeneration. Materials and Method For the in vitro study, cells were incubated with 20mg of CXHAG granules for 24 hours and a MTT assay was performed to tests for cytotoxicity. For the in vivo study, critical size calvarial bone defects were created in twenty-five rats. One animal had the defect unfilled (Control Group–CG) and was euthanized after 42 days. Twelve rats received the CXHAG particles (Group 1–G1) and the other twelve received the CXHAG particles supplemented with the conditioned medium (Group 2–G2). All G1/G2 grafts were covered with a CXHAG membrane. G1/G2 animals were euthanized after 14 days (T1) or 42 days (T2). The specimens were processed and histologically evaluated. Results SEM analysis of the CXHAG particles showed granules of 300-400μm, with a rough irregular surface. They were not cytotoxic to dental pulp stem cells in vitro. The CG specimen showed loose immature connective tissue and no bone formation at the center of the defect. G1 and G2 presented remnant biomaterial particles at both time points, but only G2 had bone formation at the center of the defect. Conclusions The conditioned medium had a positive effect on bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defects when associated with the novel bone substitute biomaterial.

ABSTRACT The relationship between performance in physical tests and the match intensity from the heart rate (HR) response has not been studied in soccer. Thus, this study aimed to verify the correlation between the performance in physical tests and the intensity of the soccer match. Eleven Under-20 soccer players from the first division were evaluated in 2 official matches. The Yo-Yo intermittent aerobic test level 1 (YYIR1), 10-m and 30-m speed, repeated sprints ability (RSA, 6 x 20-20 m), the squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jump tests were performed. The heart rate (HR) was used to calculate the impulse training (M-TRIMP) by Edwards's methods, and the time spent above 90% of HRmax (HR> 90%) was considered a high-intensity parameter. Pearson's correlation was applied, considering the significance level of p< 0.05. Significant correlations occurred between YYIR1 and M-TRIMP (r= 0.72) and the time in HR> 90% (r= 0.51) and between the best time in RSA (RSAbest) and HR> 90% (r= −0.50). YYIR1 was the best test related to the match intensity measured by the HR. RSAbest was also a good high-intensity indicator of the match, while jump and speed tests were not.

RESUMO A alta concentração de sais no solo provoca impacto na disponibilidade de água e nutrientes essenciais para o crescimento e fisiologia das plantas. Assim, são necessárias estratégias de manejo que possam mitigar os efeitos negativos do estresse salino, como por exemplo o uso de hormônios vegetais. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do estresse salino e aplicação de melatonina sobre crescimento e aspectos produtivos de plantas de rabanete. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 × 3, com quatro repetições, sendo considerada uma planta por parcela experimental. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 2,75 e 5,0 dS m-1) e três concentrações de melatonina (0; 0,5 e 1,0 mM). Foram avaliadas a altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca de folhas, pecíolos e raízes, área foliar específica, razão de área foliar e razão de peso foliar. Além disso, foram analisados aspectos produtivios, como comprimento, diâmetro e peso fresco do bulbo. A aplicação exógena de melatonina reduz os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino no crescimento e aspectos produtivos em plantas de rabanete. A aplicação de melatonina na dose de 0,5 mM é a mais indicada para mitigar os efeitos do estresse salino até o nível de 2,5 dS m-1. O uso da melatonina abre novas perspectivas para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo destinadas a otimizar o crescimento e proteger a cultura do rabanete em condições de salinidade. Assim vegetais casualizados repetições experimental 05 0 5 (0,5 275 2 75 2,7 50 5, m1 m 1 m-1 (0 0, 10 1, mM. . mM) caule folhas raízes específica disso produtivios comprimento bulbo 25 2, m1. 1. salinidade (0, 27 7 m- (

ABSTRACT High concentration of salts in the soil impacts the availability of water and nutrients essential for plant growth and physiology. Therefore, management strategies that can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress are necessary, such as the use of plant hormones. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of salt stress and the application of melatonin on the growth and production aspects of radish plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications, considering one plant per experimental plot. The treatments consisted of three electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 2.75, and 5.0 dS m-1) and three concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.5, and 1.0 mM). Growth variables were evaluated, namely plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of leaves, petioles and roots, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf weight ratio. In addition, production aspects were analyzed, namely bulb length, bulb diameter, and bulb fresh weight. Exogenous application of melatonin reduces the deleterious effects of salt stress on the growth and production aspects of radish plants. Application of melatonin at a dose of 0.5 mM is the most recommended to mitigate the effects of salt stress up to the level of 2.75 dS m-1. The use of melatonin opens new perspectives for the development of management strategies aimed at optimizing growth and protecting the radish crop under saline conditions. physiology Therefore necessary hormones Thus plants design scheme replications plot 05 0 5 (0.5 275 2 75 50 5. m1 m 1 m-1 0, (0 10 1. mM. . mM) evaluated height diameter leaves roots ratio addition analyzed length 0. 2.7 m1. conditions (0. 27 7 m- ( 2.

Abstract In the county of Pedra Lavrada - PB, various mineral occurrences of pegmatite are observed with prominence at Alto Dois Irmãos - PB, where quartz, feldspar and mica are mined. The understanding of mineral constituents is fundamental to define their industrial employment and to implement improvements in the beneficiation process. The proposal of this research is the detailed characterization and proof of that part of the ore (quartz) considered waste, presenting low poisoning (Fe2O3) and high silica (SiO2) content, to enable its industrial use. Besides that, to minimize the environmental impact through the reuse of this waste, and to determine the correct utilization of the milling equipment. For the pegmatite characterization, done were density determination tests, mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis by fluorescents X-rays and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Then tests were done for the Work Index (WI) calculous and consequently the empirical determination of the dimensions (LxD) of the pebble mill. The sterile presented a medium density of 2.66g/cm³, majority chemical composition of silicon and oxygen and quartz as the main mineralogical stage, indicating that this material has high purity. The. The Work Index (WI) was 15.9 kwh/t showing that this material can be considered resistant to breaking in the grinding process. The necessary energy to the milling was defined in 11.52 kwh/st, that corresponds to 57.28 HP. This power allowed the mill selection with diammeter and length of 1.83m, that provides the production maximization and the energy saving. PB mined process (quartz waste Fe2O3 FeO Fe O (Fe2O3 SiO2 SiO (SiO2 content use equipment Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) Xrays rays SEM/EDS. SEMEDS SEM/EDS . SEM EDS (SEM/EDS) WI (WI LxD (LxD 266gcm³ gcm 2 66g cm³ g cm 2.66g/cm³ stage purity 159 15 9 15. kwht kwh t 1152 11 52 11.5 kwhst st kwh/st 5728 57 28 57.2 HP 183m m 1 83m 1.83m saving Fe2O (Fe2O (SiO (XRD (SEM/EDS 266gcm 2.66g/cm 115 5 11. 572 57.

Resumen La aplicación de herbicidas preemergentes es una estrategia de control de malezas, sin embargo, estos productos deben presentar residualidad para el control de diferentes flujos germinativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de herbicidas preemergentes en diferentes flujos de germinación de Merremia aegyptia, Mucuna aterrima y Ricinus communis, cuando se aplican sobre diferentes cantidades de paja y diferentes períodos secos simulados. El experimento se realizó en un diseño factorial 4 × 2 × 2 con cuatro repeticiones, el tratamiento incluye cuatro períodos secos (0, 30, 60 y 90), dos cantidades de paja (0 y 10 t ha-1) y dos flujos de germinación. Los herbicidas amicarbazona (1225 g ha-1); imazapic (147 g ha-1), sulfentrazona (800 g ha-1) y tebuthiuron (900 g ha-1), se aplicaron para el control de malezas antes de la emergencia, y los flujos de flujo de germinación se evaluaron a los 7, 14, 21, 28 y 35 días después de la emergencia de especies (DAE), mientras se verifica la masa seca. La amicarbazona presentó una reducción del control para todas las especies en los periodos secos más prolongados y presencia de paja. La amicarbazona mostró menos del 80% de control para todas las especies a los 90 días del período seco en presencia de paja. Imazapic no presentó residuo control para ninguna de las especies analizadas. Para sulfentrazona, la cantidad de paja no afectó el control de las malezas en diferentes flujos de germinación, mostrando el mismo patrón de control independientemente de la cantidad de paja, porcentajes de control superiores al 80% independientemente de la cantidad de paja. Los herbicidas asociados a cantidades de paja y periodos secos tienen impacto sobre las especies de malezas M.aegyptia, M.aterrima y R. communis.

Abstract Preemergent herbicides are a frequent weed control strategy. Considering different crop germinative fluxes, these products must present long-lasting weed control. This study evaluated preemergent herbicides in different germination fluxes of Merremia aegyptia, Mucuna aterrima and Ricinus communis when applied to different quantities of straw and different simulated dry periods. The experiment was conducted in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design with four replications. The treatments included four dry periods (0, 30, 60, and 90 days), two straw quantities (0 and 10 t ha-1), and two germination fluxes. The herbicides amicarbazone (1225 g ha-1), imazapic (147 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1), and tebuthiuron (900 g ha-1) were applied for preemergence weed control, and germination flush fluxes were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after emergence (DAE) while verifying plant dry mass. Amicarbazone controlled less than 80% of the studied species at the 90-day dry period in the presence of straw. Imazapic did not present control residue for any of the species analyzed. Sulfentrazone showed the same control pattern at all germination fluxes, regardless of the amount of straw. Tebuthiuron successfully controlled all species in the first germination flush, exceeding 80% regardless of the amount of straw. Herbicides associated with straw quantities and dry periods have a significant impact on M. aegyptiaca, M. aterrima and R. communis.

ABSTRACT Management of Quilombola systems are primitive agricultural systems based on the ancestral knowledge of Afro-Brazilian enslaved people. Here, the aim was to understand the impact of these primitive farming methods on the distribution of available nitrogen (N) forms in the soil profile of two Brazilian Cerrado phytophysiognomies. The soil was sampled in Cerradão (high Cerrado) and Cerrado Stricto sensu (low Cerrado) at six soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, and 50-60 cm). The following management systems were considered: pasture (PP1 and PP2), maize cultivation (M1 and M2), citrus-cassava intercropping (T1), and citrus monoculture (T2). In addition, the soil was sampled in the native area of Cerradão (NC1) and Cerrado Stricto sensu (NC2). Three N forms were determined: i) available nitrogen (Av-N), ii) ammonium (NH4+-N) and iii) nitrate (NO3–-N) contents. The Av-N content decreased with increasing soil depth only in NC1 and NC2. The NO3–-N content was similar at all soil depths for maize and pasture, while the content decreased at soil depth for NC1, NC2, and T1. NH4+-N was similar in M2 and PP2, but it increased in T2, ranging from 6.17 mg kg–1 to 17.54 mg kg–1. Overall, the dynamics of available N forms varied according to the Cerrado phytophysiognomy and the management systems and NO3–-N was the most constant N form in the soil profile. Therefore, although the management of Quilombola systems is less intensive, they negatively affect the dynamics and N availability, mainly where management is less conservative, that is, in maize and citrus monocultures. AfroBrazilian Afro people Here (N phytophysiognomies high low 010, 010 0 10, 10 (0-10 1020, 1020 20, 20 10-20 2030, 2030 30, 30 20-30 3040, 3040 40, 40 30-40 4050, 4050 50, 50 40-50 5060 60 50-6 cm. cm . cm) considered PP1 PP (PP PP2 , PP2) M1 M (M M2, M2) citruscassava cassava T1, T1 T (T1) T2. T2 (T2) addition NC (NC1 NC2 (NC2) determined i AvN, AvN Av (Av-N) ii NH4+N NH4N NHN NH4+ NH4 NH (NH4+-N iii NO3–N NO3N NON NO3– NO3 NO (NO3–-N contents 617 6 17 6.1 kg1 kg 1 kg– 1754 54 17.5 Overall Therefore intensive availability conservative monocultures 01 (0-1 102 2 10-2 203 3 20-3 304 4 30-4 405 5 40-5 506 50- (T1 (T2 (NC (NC2 (Av-N 61 6. 175 17. (0- 10- 20- 30- 40- (T (0 (

Nb2O5 is a promising photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants and production of H2 (renewable and green fuel) from water is an alternative to overcome environmental and energy concerns. Therefore, the effect of Nb precursor and synthesis method on the Nb2O5 physical-chemical properties and photocatalytic performance were investigated in this work. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results showed that synthesis parameters had a significant impact on the structural properties of the materials obtained. The synthesis parameters were able to tune Nb2O5 crystalline phase, morphology and specific surface area. Nb2O5 sample obtained by hydrothermal method resulted in materials with smaller size and homogeneous particles compared to the other samples, which resulted in a higher specific surface area (200 m2 g-1) and surface hydroxylation. Nb2O5 samples were active to promote both the degradation of Rhodamine B and amiloride, the specific surface area and surface hydroxylation play a key role in the performance of the materials. The most active sample for organic pollutant degradation was also active in H2 production, additionally, the decoration with Pt nanoparticles increased its performance. This work describes the effect of synthesis parameters of Nb2O5 on its photocatalytic properties and demonstrates the potential application of this material in heterogeneous photocatalysis. NbO O Nb2O H renewable fuel concerns Therefore physicalchemical physical chemical Xray X ray phase 200 (20 m g1 g 1 g-1 amiloride additionally photocatalysis 20 (2 g- 2 (

Abstract Tilapia is one of the most important aquaculture species due to the desirable characteristics as easy reproduction and quick growth in several farming systems, including the recirculating aquaculture systems RAS. In this, the high flow of water to remove waste casually stimulates the fish to swim backset, and growth performance may be improved. Increasing the speed of swimming can improve performance within certain limits, in which however if exceeded can be harmful. Fish may be exhausted leading to impaired growth or even mortality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth performance of tilapia juveniles under sustained swimming exercise at different speeds. Additionally, the fish stocking density effect was tested in the sustained swimming exercise condition. In the first experiment, Nile tilapia juveniles were submitted in triplicates to sustained swimming exercise in speeds of control (not exercised), 1 BL/s (body length per second), 1.5 BL/s and 2 BL/s. In the second experiment, two fish stocking densities were tested in triplicates in sustained swimming exercise in speed of 2 BL/s and control not exercised. Fish growth performance was improved by sustained swimming exercise in speeds up to 2 BL/s. No expressive fish mortalities were observed in both experiments. The comparison between the two stocking densities does not allow us to safely say tilapia can be reared at stocking densities in order of 1,000 fish/m3, even under sustained swimming exercise. Other densities need to be tested. RAS backset limits harmful mortality Additionally condition experiment exercised, exercised , exercised) BLs BL s body second, second) 15 5 1. experiments 1000 000 1,00 fishm3 fishm m3 m fish/m3 100 00 1,0 fish/m 10 0 1,

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a tolerância ao frio em famílias mutantes de arroz na geração M4, no início do estágio vegetativo. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No experimento I, a tolerância ao frio foi avaliada em 43 famílias mutantes, no genótipo original 'BRS Querência' e em 19 genótipos comerciais. No Experimento II, 8 famílias mutantes do Experimento I, 'BRS Querência' e um mutante proveniente da geração M5 foram testados. Em ambos os experimentos, as plântulas foram avaliadas em duas condições: 10°C por sete dias e 25°C por sete dias. No Experimento I, as mutações induzidas em arroz levaram a respostas variadas nas características de tolerância ao frio, com algumas famílias mutantes M4 tendo superado o genótipo original. O Experimento II destacou o impacto das mutações na tolerância ao frio, particularmente em termos de descoloração das folhas e recrescimento da planta. As famílias mutantes no estágio M4 diferem do genótipo original 'BRS Querência' em tolerância ao frio, no início do estágio vegetativo. As famílias mutantes M36, M54 e M56 e 'BRS Querência' apresentam similaridade genética, o que indica falta de tolerância ao frio durante o início do estágio vegetativo. As famílias mutantes M17, M21, M22 e M26 são promissoras para programas de melhoramento genético de arroz, pois apresentam tolerância ao frio. A família mutante M30 apresenta o melhor desempenho em todas as características analisadas, o que indica tolerância ao frio no início do estágio vegetativo. M vegetativo experimentos I 4 BRS Querência 1 comerciais testados condições 10C C 10 25C 25 planta M36 genética M17 M21 M2 M3 analisadas 2 M1

Abstract The objective of this work was to characterize chilling tolerance in rice mutant families of the M4 generation, at the seedling stage. Two experiments were carried out: chilling tolerance was evaluated in 43 mutant families, in the 'BRS Querência' original genotype, and in 19 commercial genotypes. In Experiment II, 8 mutant families from Experiment I, 'BRS Querência', and a mutant of the M5 generation were tested. In both experiments, seedlings were evaluated under two conditions: 10°C for seven days and 25°C for seven days. In Experiment I, the induced mutations in rice led to varied responses in chilling tolerance traits, with some M4 mutant families outperforming the original genotype. Experiment II highlighted the impact of mutations on chilling-tolerance, particularly in terms of leaf discoloration and plant recovery. Mutant families of the M4 generation differ from the original genotype 'BRS Querência' in chilling tolerance at the seedling stage. The mutant families M36, M54, and M56 and 'BRS Querência' show genetic similarity, indicating a lack of chilling tolerance during the seedling stage. The mutant families M17, M21, M22, and M26 are promising for rice breeding programs because they present chilling tolerance. The M30 mutant family exhibits the best performance for all analyzed traits, indicating chilling tolerance at the seedling stage. M stage out 4 BRS Querência 1 genotypes I Querência, , tested conditions 10C C 10 25C 25 traits chillingtolerance, chillingtolerance tolerance, chilling-tolerance recovery M36 M54 similarity M17 M21 M22 M2 M3 2 M1

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características bromatológicas e minerais do capim Marandu sob diferimento em monocultivo (MC) e em sistema silvipastoril (SSP) com 12 (SSP12) e 18 m (SSP18). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, onde cada sistema foi alocado individualmente. No centro de cada parcela formou-se cada tratamento em fatorial de 3 × 4, composto por três sistemas (MC e SSP12 e SSP18 entre as fileiras das árvores) e quatro períodos de diferimento (60, 90, 120 e 150 dias), perfazendo doze tratamentos com três repetições. Não houve efeito de interação entre os fatores (p>0,05) para proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio ( Mg). O teor de PB diminuiu com o incremento nos dias de diferimento, mas até os 75 dias atendeu a demanda sugerida para ruminantes. As concentrações de FDN e FDA aumentaram, enquanto os teores de P e K diminuíram com o incremento nos dias de diferimento. A concentração de Mg e Ca não diferiu com os dias de diferimento. No entanto, em relação aos sistemas avaliados houve diferença apenas para Mg, que foi maior em MC e SPS12, diferindo de SPS18. O espaçamento adotado no SSP de 12 e 18m não influencia negativamente o valor nutricional da planta forrageira. O período de diferimento de 75 dias a partir de março favoreceu a concentração de macronutrientes e o teor de PB no capim marandu tanto em MC quanto nos SSP. (SSP 1 (SSP12 SSP18. . (SSP18) acaso individualmente formouse formou se 4 SSP1 árvores 60, 60 (60 90 15 dias, , dias) repetições p>0,05 p005 p 0 05 (p>0,05 PB, (PB) FDA, (FDA) FDN, (FDN) P, (P) K, (K) (Ca Mg. Mg) 7 ruminantes aumentaram entanto SPS12 SPS SPS18 forrageira (SSP1 (SSP18 6 (6 9 p>0,0 p00 (p>0,0 (PB (FDA (FDN (P (K SPS1 p>0, p0 (p>0, p>0 (p>0 p> (p> (p

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and mineral characteristics of Marandu grass under stockpiling in monoculture (MC) and a silvopastoral system (SPS) with 12- (SPS12) and 18-m (SPS18) spacing between tree rows. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, in which each system was allocated individually. Each treatment was formed in the center of each plot in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of three systems (MC and SPS12 and SPS18 between the tree rows) and four stockpiling periods (60, 90, 120, and 150 days), totaling 12 treatments with three replications. No interaction effect was observed between the factors (p>0.05) for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg). The CP content decreased with increasing stockpiling days but met the suggested requirement for ruminants up to 75 days. The NDF and ADF concentrations increased, while P and K contents decreased with increasing stockpiling days. Magnesium and Ca concentrations did not differ with stockpiling days. However, a difference was observed only for Mg relative to the evaluated systems, which was higher in MC and SPS12, differing from SPS18. The spacing adopted in the SPS of 12 and 18 m does not negatively influence the nutritional value of the forage plant. The 75-day stockpiling period from March favored the concentration of macronutrients and CP content in Marandu grass in both MC and SPS. (SPS (SPS12 18m (SPS18 rows blocks individually SPS1 60, 60 (60 90 120 15 days, , days) 1 replications p>0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p>0.05 CP, (CP) ADF, (ADF) NDF, (NDF) P, (P) K, (K) Ca, (Ca) Mg. . (Mg) 7 increased However plant 75day day (SPS1 6 (6 9 p>0.0 p00 (p>0.0 (CP (ADF (NDF (P (K (Ca (Mg ( p>0. p0 (p>0. p>0 (p>0 p> (p> (p

Abstract We surveyed insect galls and their host plants in areas of Caatinga and Cerrado in the municipality of Rio de Contas, in the extreme south of the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia state), between 703 and 1,897 m altitude, in order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of local biodiversity. The survey was conducted in eight locations, adopting the random walking methodology for sampling, four in Caatinga and four in Cerrado, covering distinct phytophysiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto, gallery forest, shrubby caatinga, riparian forest, and rocky field). Eighty-four different insect gall morphotypes were reported, 48 (57.14%) of them on 42 host species in Cerrado and 36 (42.86%) on 24 host species in Caatinga. Most galls occurred on leaves (48.72%) and were globoid (53.76%), glabrous (52.92%), isolated (55.44%), usually one-chambered (61.32%), and brown (25.2%). The gall-inducing insects identified belonged to Lepidoptera (n = 1), Thysanoptera (n = 1), Hemiptera (n = 2), and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae) (n = 16). This was the first inventory of galls in the Chapada Diamantina, so all records are new for the region. We also recorded the first occurrences of galls on two Cerrado plant species and on two in the Caatinga. We found a significant positive correlation between gall richness and plant species richness, suggesting that radiation of gall-inducing insects may be associated with plant species richness. Contas Bahia state, state , state) 70 1897 1 897 1,89 altitude biodiversity locations sampling cerrado stricto forest caatinga field. field . field) Eightyfour Eighty reported 4 57.14% 5714 57 14 (57.14% 3 42.86% 4286 86 (42.86% 2 48.72% 4872 72 (48.72% 53.76%, 5376 53.76% 53 76 (53.76%) 52.92%, 5292 52.92% 52 92 (52.92%) 55.44%, 5544 55.44% 55 44 (55.44%) onechambered one chambered 61.32%, 6132 61.32% 61 32 (61.32%) 25.2%. 252 25.2% 25 (25.2%) gallinducing inducing n 1, 1) 2, 2) Cecidomyiidae (Cecidomyiidae 16. 16 16) region 7 189 89 1,8 57.14 571 5 (57.14 42.86 428 8 (42.86 48.72 487 (48.72 537 53.76 (53.76% 529 52.92 9 (52.92% 554 55.44 (55.44% 613 61.32 6 (61.32% 25.2 (25.2% 18 57.1 (57.1 42.8 (42.8 48.7 (48.7 53.7 (53.76 52.9 (52.92 55.4 (55.44 61.3 (61.32 25. (25.2 57. (57. 42. (42. 48. (48. 53. (53.7 52. (52.9 55. (55.4 61. (61.3 (25. (57 (42 (48 (53. (52. (55. (61. (25 (5 (4 (53 (52 (55 (61 (2 ( (6

Abstract This study examines Cenchrus purpureus with the aim of identifying genotypes and select plants progenitors resistant to Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) for future recurrent selection from the elephant grass germplasm bank. Six M. spectabilis eggs were inserted into each plant of 138 elephant grass genotypes. After 35-45 days the percentage of nymphal survival was assessed. Despite the large variation in insect survival there were no significant differences in the joint analyses of bioassays conducted from 2008 to 2024. None genotype yielded an insect survival rate of less than 30%, and fewer than 10% of the genotypes showed a survival rate of less than 50%. These genotypes should be intercrossed, forming a new population each year, with the aim of increasing the presence of favorable alleles for resistance to this insect pest, with the goal of producing genotypes that achieve future M. spectabilis nymph mortality greater than 70%. Distant, Distant (Distant 1909 bank M 13 3545 35 45 35-4 assessed 200 2024 30 30% 10 50 50% intercrossed year pest 70 70% 190 1 354 3 4 35- 20 202 5 7 19 2

RESUMO Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo propor um método para estimar a concentração de fósforo total (TP) em reservatórios, baseado nas relações com vazões e carga de sedimentos em regiões com dados limitados sobre a carga de TP em reservatórios. O estudo de caso foi realizado em uma bacia hidrográfica tropical subúmida de 45,4 km2, localizada no estado do Ceará, com um reservatório de saída de 482.920 m3. A modelagem hidrossedimentológica foi conduzida utilizando o modelo orientado a processos WASA-SED (Modelo de Disponibilidade Hídrica em Áreas Semiáridas com Dinâmica de Secamento). Quatro modelos de produção de sedimentos foram testados — Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE), Onstad-Foster, Equação Universal de Perda de Solo Modificada (MUSLE) e Ferramenta Multiescala de Erosão do Solo (MUST) —, produzindo taxas de sedimentação decadal no reservatório de Tijuquinha variando de 2,8 a 15% por década, com o melhor desempenho observado para o MUST (7,2% década-1) em comparação com dados de levantamentos batimétricos realizados em 1992 e 2020 (7% década-1). Para estimar a carga de entrada de TP durante a estação chuvosa com base nas vazões de entrada, foi realizado um balanço de fósforo considerando os dados medidos das concentrações de TP no reservatório. Dessa forma, estabeleceu-se uma relação fósforo-descarga, com R2 de 0,58. Utilizando a série temporal de descarga d’água gerada com o WASA-SED para a bacia hidrográfica do Tijuquinha, entre 1980 e 2019, a carga histórica de TP no reservatório foi reconstruída para esse período aplicando-se a relação fósforo-descarga. O método proposto neste estudo conseguiu capturar o padrão intra-anual da dinâmica de TP no reservatório Tijuquinha, ao comparar os valores médios mensais das concentrações de TP medidas e modeladas. Foi identificada uma taxa específica de entrada de TP de 20,7 kg km-2 ano-1, com uma deposição de TP no reservatório de 98,5% e uma liberação de TP pelos dispositivos de saída de 1,5%. (TP reservatórios 454 45 4 45, km2 km Ceará 482920 482 920 482.92 m3 m WASASED WASA SED Modelo Secamento. Secamento . Secamento) USLE, USLE , (USLE) OnstadFoster, OnstadFoster Onstad Foster, Foster Onstad-Foster MUSLE (MUSLE (MUST 28 2 8 2, 15 década 7,2% 72 7 (7,2 década1 1 década-1 199 202 7% (7 década1. forma estabeleceuse estabeleceu se fósforodescarga, fósforodescarga descarga, fósforo-descarga R 058 0 58 0,58 dágua d água 198 2019 aplicandose aplicando fósforodescarga. descarga. intraanual intra anual modeladas 207 20 20, km- ano1, ano1 ano 1, ano-1 985 98 5 98,5 1,5% 48292 48 92 482.9 (USLE 7,2 (7, década- 19 ( 05 0,5 201 ano- 9 98, 1,5 4829 482. 7, 0,

ABSTRACT This research aims to propose a method for estimating total phosphorus (TP) concentration in reservoirs based on relationships with water discharges and sediment load in regions with a lack of available data on TP load into reservoirs. The case study was the 45.4 km2 subhumid tropical catchment, located in the state of Ceará, with a 482,920 m3 outlet reservoir. The hydro-sedimentological modeling was performed using the process-oriented WASA-SED model (model of Water Availability in Semi-arid Areas with SEdiment Dynamics). Four sediment production models were tested (Universal Soil Loss Equation [USLE], Onstad-Foster, Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation [MUSLE], and Multiscale Soil Erosion Tool [MUST]), yielding decadal sedimentation rates in the Tijuquinha reservoir ranging from 2.8% to 15% per decade, with the best performance for MUST (7.2% decade−1) as compared with the data derived from bathymetric surveys carried out in 1992 and 2020 (7% decade−1). To estimate the TP input load during the wet season with inflow discharges, a phosphorus balance was performed considering measured data on TP concentrations at the reservoir. Thus, a phosphorus-discharge relationship was established, with an R2 of 0.58. Using the time series of water discharge generated with WASA-SED for the Tijuquinha catchment from 1980 to 2019, the historical TP load into the Tijuquinha reservoir was reconstructed for that period by applying the phosphorus-discharge relationship. The method proposed in this study was able to capture the intra-annual pattern of TP dynamics in the Tijuquinha reservoir, comparing monthly average values of measured and modeled TP concentrations. A specific TP input rate of 20.7 kg km−2 year−1 was found, with a TP deposition in the reservoir of 98.5% and a TP release by the outlet devices of 1.5%. (TP 454 45 4 45. km Ceará 482920 482 920 482,92 m hydrosedimentological hydro sedimentological processoriented process oriented WASASED WASA SED Semiarid Semi arid Dynamics. Dynamics . Dynamics) USLE, USLE , [USLE] OnstadFoster, OnstadFoster Onstad Foster, Foster Onstad-Foster MUSLE, MUSLE [MUSLE] MUST, [MUST]) 28 2 8 2.8 15 decade 7.2% 72 7 (7.2 decade−1 decade1 1 199 202 7% (7 decade−1. Thus phosphorusdischarge established R 058 0 58 0.58 198 2019 intraannual intra annual 207 20 20. km− year1 year year− found 985 98 5 98.5 1.5% 48292 48 92 482,9 [USLE [MUSLE [MUST] 2. 7.2 (7. decade− 19 ( 05 0.5 201 9 98. 1.5 4829 482, [MUST 7. 0. 1.

Resumo O estudo objetivou avaliar a composição corporal dos indígenas Khisêdjê residentes no Território Indígena do Xingu e compará-la com os resultados obtidos pela antropometria. Foram incluídos 179 indivíduos com idade ≥ 20 anos. O estado nutricional foi classificado segundo os pontos de corte propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (1995). A composição corporal foi identificada por meio das medidas derivadas diretamente do aparelho de impedância bioelétrica tetrapolar (resistência - R, reactância - Xc e ângulo de fase -AF). Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student, teste qui-quadrado, coeficiente de Pearson e análise de variância. Dos avaliados, 57,0% foram homens e a idade média foi de 37,5 anos. Foi apresentado 48,0% de excesso de peso (índice de massa corpórea - IMC ≥ 25,0 kg/m2). Identificou-se correlação positiva entre o IMC com as medidas do perímetro da cintura e do braço e AF, e correlação inversa com as medidas de R e Xc. As médias das medidas de R e Xc reduziram com o aumento do IMC; em contrapartida, as médias do AF cresceram com o aumento do peso. Os resultados sugerem que a presença de excesso de peso entre os indígenas Khisêdjê se associou a maior quantidade de massa muscular. comparála compará la antropometria 17 2 anos 1995. 1995 . (1995) resistência AF. -AF) Student quiquadrado, quiquadrado qui quadrado, quadrado qui-quadrado variância avaliados 570 57 0 57,0 375 37 5 37, 480 48 48,0 índice 250 25 25, kg/m2. kgm2 kgm kg/m2 kg m2 m kg/m2) Identificouse Identificou contrapartida muscular 1 199 (1995 -AF 57, 3 4 48, kg/m 19 (199 (19 (1 (

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the body composition of the Khisêdjê, an Indigenous people residing in the Xingu Indigenous Territory, and compare it to the results obtained by anthropometry. One hundred seventy-nine individuals aged above 20 of both genders were included. The nutritional status was classified per the cutoff proposed by the WHO (1995). The body composition was identified using measures derived directly from a bioelectrical impedance device (resistance - R, reactance - Xc, and phase angle - PA). Data were analyzed using the Student t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation, and analysis of variance, and 57% of the sample was male. The mean age of the population was 37.5 years, and 48% of subjects had some overweight level (BMI ≥ 25,0 kg/m2). We identified a positive correlation between BMI with waist (WC) and arm (AC) circumference, and PA measurements, and an inverse correlation between BMI and R and Xc measurements. R and Xc mean values decreased with increasing BMI. In contrast, mean PA increased with greater weight. The results suggest that being overweight among the Khisêdjê Indigenous people was associated with higher muscle mass amounts. Territory anthropometry seventynine seventy nine 2 included 1995. 1995 . (1995) resistance PA. PA) ttest, ttest t test, test t-test chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square variance 57 male 375 37 5 37. years 48 250 25 0 25, kg/m2. kgm2 kgm kg/m2 kg m2 m kg/m2) WC (WC AC (AC circumference measurements contrast weight amounts 199 (1995 3 4 kg/m 19 (199 1 (19 (1 (

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la composición corporal de los indígenas Khisêdjê que viven en el Territorio Indígena Xingu y compararla con los resultados obtenidos por antropometría. Se incluyeron 179 individuos con edad ≥ 20 años. El estado nutricional se clasificado según los puntos de corte propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (1995). La composición corporal se identificó mediante mediciones derivadas directamente del aparato de impedancia bioeléctrica tetrapolar (resistencia - R, reactancia - Xc y ángulo de fase - AF). Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba t de Student, la prueba chi-cuadrado, el coeficiente de Pearson y el análisis de la varianza. El 57,0% de los evaluados eran hombres y la edad media era de 37,5 años. El 48,0% tenía sobrepeso (índice de masa corporal - IMC ≥ 25,0 kg/m2).Se identificó una correlación positiva entre el IMC y las mediciones del perímetro de la cintura y el brazo y la AF, y una correlación inversa con las mediciones de R y Xc. Las mediciones medias de R y Xc disminuyeron con el aumento del IMC; por otro lado, las medias de AF aumentaron con el aumento del peso. Los resultados sugieren que el sobrepeso entre los indígenas Khisêdjê estaba asociado a una mayor masa muscular. antropometría 17 2 años 1995. 1995 . (1995) resistencia AF. AF) Student chicuadrado, chicuadrado chi cuadrado, cuadrado chi-cuadrado varianza 570 57 0 57,0 375 37 5 37, 480 48 48,0 índice 250 25 25, kg/m2.Se kgm2Se kgmSe kg/m2 .Se kg m2 m lado peso muscular 1 199 (1995 57, 3 4 48, kgm kgm2 kg/m 19 (199 (19 (1 (