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RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a utilização dos serviços ofertados pelo Núcleo Estadual de Telessaúde do Maranhão como ferramenta para apoiar a Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) para os profissionais de saúde da atenção básica. Métodos Esta pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa utilizou dados da Plataforma Nacional de Telessaúde referentes aos anos de 2015 e 2016. Para avaliar a utilização das teleconsultorias nos municípios e unidades de saúde maranhenses, foram calculadas a taxa de utilização mensal do sistema e a média mensal de solicitações por município e unidade básica de saúde. As teleconsultorias foram descritas quanto ao profissional solicitante, assuntos mais solicitados, satisfação e resolutividade das respostas. As atividades de teleducação foram classificadas pelo número de pontos e participantes conectados. Resultados No período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016 foram realizadas 13 976 teleconsultorias oriundas de 47 municípios, a maioria de pequeno porte (até 40 mil habitantes) e com baixo índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal (de 0,512 a 0,768). A média de utilização geral das teleconsultorias e a taxa de utilização mensal por município e unidade de saúde foram superiores às encontradas na literatura. Os enfermeiros e os agentes comunitários de saúde foram os profissionais mais ativos. Dos profissionais que fizeram a avaliação do serviço (opcional), mais de 80% informaram ter suas dúvidas atendidas. Conclusões Os indicadores de utilização do Núcleo de Telessaúde do Maranhão são mais positivos do que os de outros serviços de telessaúde no Brasil e em outros países. Isso demonstra que o serviço é sustentável, com potencial para apoiar a atenção básica e ser utilizado como ferramenta de EPS.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the usage of services provided by the State of Maranhão Telehealth Program, Brazil, as a tool to support continuing health education for primary care workers. Method This quantitative, descriptive study used data from the Brazilian National Telehealth Platform for the years 2015 and 2016. To assess teleconsultations requested by municipalities and health care units in the state of Maranhão, the monthly system usage rate and the mean monthly request rate per municipality and primary health care unit were calculated. Teleconsultations were described regarding the requester's profession, most frequent topics, satisfaction with the response provided, and resolvability of responses. Tele-education activities were classified according to the number of computers and users logged into the activity. Results From January 2015 to December 2016, 13 976 teleconsultations were provided, requested by 47 municipalities. Most municipalities were small (up to 40 thousand residents) and had low municipal human development index (0.512 to 0.768). The mean overall usage rate and the monthly usage rate by municipality and unit were higher than those reported in the literature. Nurses and community health agents were the most active requesters. Of the users who completed the optional evaluation, over 80% stated that their question was answered. Conclusions The usage indicators for the state of Maranhão Telehealth Program were more positive than those reported by other telehealth services in Brazil and abroad. This indicates that the Program is sustainable, with good potential to support primary care and be used as a tool for continuing health education.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la utilización de los servicios ofrecidos por el Núcleo Estatal de Telesalud de Maranhão como herramienta para apoyar la educación permanente sobre la salud de los profesionales que prestan atención primaria. Métodos En esta investigación descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo se utilizaron datos de la Plataforma Nacional de Telesalud referentes a los años 2015 y 2016. Con el fin de evaluar la utilización de las teleconsultas en los municipios y unidades de atención primaria de dicho estado, se calcularon la tasa de utilización mensual del sistema y el promedio mensual de solicitudes por municipio y por unidad de atención primaria. Las teleconsultas se describieron según el profesional solicitante, los temas más frecuentes, la satisfacción con las respuestas y el carácter resolutivo de estas últimas. Las actividades de teleducación se clasificaron según el número de puntos y de participantes conectados. Resultados Entre enero del 2015 y diciembre del 2016 se realizaron 13 976 teleconsultas provenientes de 47 municipios, en su mayoría de tamaño pequeño (con una población máxima de 40 000 habitantes) y con índice bajo de desarrollo humano (de 0,512 a 0,768). El promedio de utilización general de las teleconsultas y la tasa de utilización mensual por municipio y por unidad de atención primaria fueron superiores a los citados en las publicaciones pertinentes. Los miembros del personal de enfermería y los agentes de salud comunitarios fueron los profesionales más activos. Se aclararon las dudas, según lo expresado por más de 80% de quienes hicieron la evaluación (opcional) del servicio. Conclusiones Los indicadores de utilización del Núcleo de Telesalud de Maranhão son más positivos que los de otros servicios de telesalud en Brasil y otros países. Eso demuestra que el servicio es sostenible y tiene potencial para apoyar la atención primaria de salud, así como para servir de herramienta de educación permanente sobre la salud.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2018.134 40 downloads

ACTIVITY OF ORBIGNYA PHALERATA AND EUTERPE EDULES IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER IN RATS
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TORRES, Orlando Jorge Martins

; SANTOS, Orlando José dos

; MOURA, Roberto Soares de

; SERRA, Humberto Oliveira

; RAMOS, Vanisse Portela

; MELO, Syomara Pereira da Costa

; LOUREIRO, Carlos Manoel Bulcão

ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo)

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2018, Volume 31 N. 3 elocation e1390

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Racional: A úlcera péptica é considerada problema de saúde pública, associada a perda na qualidade de vida. Não existe esquema terapêutico ideal. A busca de tratamentos alternativos, com uso de alimentos ou plantas que possam ajudar na proteção gástrica, torna-se viável à população, por ser de fácil acesso e baixo custo. Objetivo: Estudar a atividade antiulcerogênica dos extratos de Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) e Euterpe edules (juçara) em ratos Wistar após indução de úlcera péptica e comparar com omeprazol. Método: Quarenta ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: grupo I, II, III, IV (10 ratos) submetidos ao extrato de Orbignya phalerata, Euterpe edules, omeprazol e álcool etílico, respectivamente. Cada grupo de 10 ratos foi dividido em subgrupos de cinco para estudar a profilaxia e tratamento. Resultados: O pré-tratamento com extrato de juçara forneceu proteção significativa contra a ulceração péptica induzida pelo etanol, assim como o omeprazol. Além da proteção contra úlcera péptica, inflamação e neocaplilarização também foram variáveis com significância estatística nos subgrupos profilaxia do omeprazol e da juçara. No subgrupo terapêutico, o omeprazol, juçara e babaçu teve diferença estatística para proteção contra a presença de inflamação e cicatrização de úlcera. Conclusão: Os extratos de juçara e babaçu se comportaram como omeprazol, evidenciando o poder terapêutico desses extratos.

ABSTRACT Background: Peptic ulcer is considered a public health problem associated with loss of quality of life. Does not exist optimal therapeutic regimen. The search for alternative treatments using foods or plants that may assist in gastric protection may become marked in this population because of their easy access and low cost. Aim: To study the antiulcerogenic activity of extracts of Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) and Euterpe edules (juçara) in Wistar rats after induction of peptic ulcer, compared with Omeprazole. Method: Forty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: group I, II, III, IV (10 rats each) subjected to extract of Orbignya phalerata, Euterpe edules, Omeprazole and ethanol, respectively. Each group of 10 rats was divided into subgroups of five for prophylaxis and therapeutic study. Results: The pre-treatment with juçara extract has provided a significant protection against peptic ulcer induced by ethanol. In the prophylactic subgroup, Omeprazole resulted in protection. In addition to protection against peptic ulcer, inflammation and neocapillarization were also variables with a statistical significance in the prophylaxis subgroups using omeprazole and juçara. In the therapeutic subgroup, omeprazole, juçara and babaçu were statistically different as for protection against the presence of inflammation and the healing of ulcers. Conclusion: The extracts of juçara and babaçu behaved as the omeprazole, evidencing the therapeutic activity of these extracts.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-672020180001e1390 1422 downloads

Influence of duodenogastric reflux in the gastric mucosa histological changes of rats infected with Helicobacter pylori
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ARAUJO, JOSÉ CARLOS RIBEIRO DE

; CARVALHO, JORGE JOSÉ DE

; SERRA, HUMBERTO OLIVEIRA

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

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aug 2016, Volume 43 N. 4 Pages 235 - 242

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a influência do refluxo duodenogástrico nas alterações histológicas da mucosa gástrica de ratos, infectados por Helicobacter pylori, submetidos à piloroplastia. Método: após duas semanas de aclimatação, 30 ratos machos da raça Wistar, foram infectados com o microorganismo patogênico H. pylori. De forma aleatória, foram divididos em três grupos: um submetido à piloroplastia, outro à gastrectomia parcial e o terceiro, apenas infectados, não foi operado. Após seis meses de operados, procedeu-se a eutanásia. Os fragmentos gástricos foram estudados por microscopia óptica, para a contagem da quantidade de H. pylori, e para a observação das alterações histológicas (gastrite, metaplasia, displasia e neoplasia). A confirmação dessas alterações foi feita por imuno-histoquímica, utilizando os marcadores moleculares PCNA e TGFbeta. Resultados: os animais submetidos à piloroplastia tiveram maior percentual de colonização por H. pylori (mediana=58,5; gastrectomia=16,5; controle=14,5). Houve correlação positiva entre quantidade de H. pylori e ocorrência de gastrite crônica presente nos fragmentos do antro. Ocorreu 40% de neoplasia no grupo submetido à piloroplastia. A marcação de PCNA e TGF-beta confirmou as alterações histopatológicas visibilizadas à microscopia óptica. Conclusões: a região do antro foi a que apresentou a maior concentração de H. pylori, independente do grupo. Houve correlação positiva entre e o aparecimento de alterações benignas (gastrite crônica, metaplasia, displasia), e de neoplasia nos ratos infectados com H. pylori submetidos à piloroplastia.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the influence of Duodenal reflux in histological changes of the gastric mucosa of rats infected with Helicobacter pylori submitted to pyloroplasty. Methods: after two weeks of acclimation, we infected 30 male Wistar rats with Helicobacter pylori. We randomly divided them into three groups: one submitted to pyloroplasty, another to partial gastrectomy and the third, only infected, was not operated. After six months of surgery, euthanasia was carried out. Gastric fragments were studied by light microscopy to count the number of H. pylori, and to observe the histological changes (gastritis, metaplasia, dysplasia and neoplasia). We confirmed these changes by immunohistochemistry using the molecular markers PCNA and TGF-beta. Results: the animals submitted to pyloroplasty had higher percentage of colonization by H. pylori (median=58.5; gastrectomy=16.5; control=14.5). There was a positive correlation between the amount of H. pylori and the occurrence of chronic gastritis present in the antral fragments. Neoplasia occurred in 40% of rats from the group submitted to pyloroplasty. The staining with PCNA and TGF-ß confirmed the histopathological changes visualized by optical microscopy. Conclusions: the antral region was the one with the highest concentration of H. pylori, regardless of the group. There was a positive correlation between the appearance of benign disorders (chronic gastritis, metaplasia, dysplasia) and cancer in mice infected with H. pylori submitted to pyloroplasty.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912016004003 4264 downloads

Evaluation of systemic inflammatory responses in cholecystectomy by means of access. Single-port umbilical incision, transvaginal NOTES, laparoscopy and laparotomy
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Caetano Júnior, Elesiário Marques

; Vieira, Josiel Paiva

; Moura-Franco, Rita Maria A Monteiro

; Fuziy, Rogerio Aoki

; Serra, Humberto Oliveira

; Marcondes, Giulianna Barreira

; Shiraiwa, Daniel Kitayama

; Sousa, Marcelo Goncalves de

; Girão, Manoel João Batista Castello

; Lopes-Filho, Gaspar de Jesus

; Linhares, Marcelo Moura

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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oct 2015, Volume 30 N. 10 Pages 691 - 703

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

PURPOSE : To evaluate and compare clinical and inflammatory responses to the surgical trauma caused by cholecystectomy via several access approaches: single-port umbilical incision (SILS), transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), laparoscopy, and Laparotomy. METHODS : Twenty-eight female pigs were equally divided into four groups and submitted to cholecystectomy by single-port umbilical incision, transvaginal NOTES, laparoscopy, or Laparotomy. An additional five animals served as controls (sham group). Animals were monitored perioperatively regarding anesthesia and surgical procedure times, as well as for the presence of complications. Postoperatively, they were evaluated regarding time to ambulation and feeding, and the presence of clinical events. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and AQUI feron-gamma (IFN-γ) measurements were performed before surgery and immediately, two days, and seven days after surgery. Animals were sacrificed and necropsied at seven days after surgery. RESULTS : All procedures were successfully performed as proposed in each group. Only minor complications, such as gallbladder perforation and bleeding from the liver bed, were observed during surgery in all groups. The vaginal NOTES group showed higher anesthesia and surgical procedure times compared to the other groups (p<0.001). No other between-group differences in perioperative or postoperative times, clinical evolution, or serum inflammatory markers were observed. Only adhesions were found on necropsy, with no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: The single-port umbilical and transvaginal NOTES access approaches were feasible and safe compared to laparoscopic and laparotomy for cholecystectomy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502015010000000 2008 downloads

Neural complications and physical disabilities in leprosy in a capital of northeastern Brazil with high endemicity
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Araújo, Ana Eugênia Ribeiro de Araújo e

; Aquino, Dorlene Maria Cardoso de

; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes

; Pereira, Silma Regina Ferreira

; Figueiredo, Ivan Abreu

; Serra, Humberto Oliveira

; Fonseca, Poliana Cristina de Almeida

; Caldas, Arlene de Jesus Mendes

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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dec 2014, Volume 17 N. 4 Pages 899 - 910

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

INTRODUÇÃO: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa cujo agente etiológico é o Mycobacterium leprae, que se manifesta por sinais e sintomas dermatoneurológicos. OBJETIVO: investigar as complicações neurais e o grau de incapacidades físicas nos olhos, mãos e pés antes e após o tratamento, bem como o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes acometidos pela hanseníase. MÉTODO: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo longitudinal constituído por 155 pacientes com hanseníase, a partir da demanda espontânea, diagnosticados no período de março de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 e tratados com poliquimioterapia (PQT) entre março de 2010 a julho de 2012, em um programa de eliminação da hanseníase, no município de São Luís (MA). RESULTADOS: Antes do tratamento, 46,5% dos pacientes apresentaram forma dimorfa, 51,6% possuíam alguma alteração nos olhos e 52,3% nos pés, sendo o nervo radial (18,7%) o mais acometido. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as complicações do nervo radial no inicio e após o tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se a presença do diagnóstico tardio, posto que alguns pacientes já apresentavam complicações neurais e incapacidades físicas antes do tratamento.

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is an infectious disease whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium leprae, manifested by dermatological and neurological signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate neural changes and the degree of physical disability in the eyes, hands and feet before and after treatment, as well as sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients affected by leprosy. METHOD: A longitudinal epidemiological study comprising 155 patients with leprosy, from a spontaneous demand, diagnosed between March 2010 and February 2011, and treated with multidrug therapy (MDT) between March 2010 and July 2012 in a program for leprosy eradication in São Luis (MA), Brazil. RESULTS: Before treatment, 46.5% of patients were considered as borderline, 51.6% had some alteration in the eyes and 52.3% in the feet, and the radial nerve (18.7%) was the most affected. There was a statistically significant difference between the changes in the radial nerve at the beginning of and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis points to late diagnosis, as some patients have had abnormal neural and physical disabilities before treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400040009 12441 downloads

Neural complications and physical disabilities in leprosy in a capital of northeastern Brazil with high endemicity
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Araújo, Ana Eugênia Ribeiro de Araújo e

; Aquino, Dorlene Maria Cardoso de

; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes

; Pereira, Silma Regina Ferreira

; Figueiredo, Ivan Abreu

; Serra, Humberto Oliveira

; Fonseca, Poliana Cristina de Almeida

; Caldas, Arlene de Jesus Mendes

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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dec 2014, Volume 17 N. 4 Pages 899 - 910

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400040009 3966 downloads

Factors associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in patients with leprosy in São Luis, State of Maranhão, Brazil
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de Araujo e Araujo, Ana Eugenia Ribeiro

; de Aquino, Dorlene Maria Cardoso

; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes

; Pereira, Silma Regina Ferreira

; Figueiredo, Ivan Abreu

; Serra, Humberto Oliveira

; de Almeida Fonseca, Poliana Cristina

; de Jesus Mendes Caldas, Arlene

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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aug 2014, Volume 47 N. 4 Pages 490 - 497

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Introduction Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors that are associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 leprosy patients who participated in a program that aimed to eliminate leprosy from São Luis, State of Maranhão. Results Patients who were 31-45 years of age, were older than 60 years of age or had a partner were more likely to have a disability. Patients with partners were 1.14 times more likely (p = 0.025) to have disabilities of the hands. The frequency of disabilities in the feet among the patients with different clinical forms of leprosy was statistically significant. Conclusions The identification of risk factors that are associated with neural alterations and physical disabilities in leprosy patients is important for diagnosing the disease because this approach enables physicians to plan and prioritize actions for the treatment and monitoring of patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0119-2014 2506 downloads

Incapacidade e fatores associados à lombalgia durante a gravidez
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Madeira, Hellyne Giselle Reis

; Garcia, João Batista Santos

; Lima, Marcus Vinícius Viégas

; Serra, Humberto Oliveira

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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dec 2013, Volume 35 N. 12 Pages 541 - 548

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de lombalgia em gestantes, descrever suas principais características e fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 269 gestantes, do primeiro ao terceiro trimestre de gestação, assistidas em um ambulatório de obstetrícia do Nordeste do Brasil. Aplicou-se um questionário no qual foram registrados dados referentes à variáveis sociodemográficas, história obstétrica e características da dor lombar. Aplicaram-se também os questionários Oswestry e Rolland Morris para avaliar a incapacidade e a escala visual analógica de dor para medir a intensidade da dor. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dor lombar foi de 73% com o seguinte padrão: "em pontada" (62/31,6%), irradiação (162/82,6%), com frequência diária (105/53,5%), iniciando geralmente no período noturno (83/42,3%) quando também era mais intensa (122/62,2%), com duração em torno de 1 hora em 118 (60,2%). Foi observada melhora com o repouso (100/51%) e piora na posição ortostática ou sentada por longo tempo (86/43,9%) e com atividades domésticas (85/43,4%). Os níveis de incapacidade foram geralmente "leve" e "moderada". As variáveis infecção urinária (p=0,02) e o escore dos questionários Oswestry e Rolland Morris apresentaram associação significante com a escala visual analógica de dor. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de dor lombar entre as gestantes é alta, com características variadas. O grau de incapacidade chega a ser moderado e, nesse grupo, a presença de infecção urinária e os maiores escores de incapacidade foram associados a maior intensidade de lombalgia.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of low back pain in pregnant women and to describe its characteristics and associated factors. METHODS: The participants were 269 pregnant women in the first to the third trimester of pregnancy, seen at the obstetrics outpatient clinic of a University Hospital in the Brazilian Northeast. We applied a questionnaire in order to obtain data regarding socio-demographic variables, obstetric history and characteristics of low back pain, as well as the Oswestry and Rolland Morris questionnaires to assess disability and a visual analog pain scale to measure pain intensity. RESULTS: The prevalence of low back pain was 73%, with the following characteristics: stabbing (62/31.6%), irradiation (162/82.6%), of daily frequency (105/53.5%), usually starting at night (83/42.3%) when it was also more intense (122/62.2%), and lasting about 1 hour in 118 women (60.2%). Pain improved with rest (100/51%), worsened when the women stood or sat for a long time (86/43.9%) and when they did housework (85/43.4%). The level of disability ranged from "mild" to "moderate" in most cases. Urinary tract infection (p=0.02) and the scores of the Oswestry and Rolland Morris questionnaires showed significant association with the visual analogue pain scale. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of back pain among pregnant women is high, with varying characteristics. The degree of disability is usually moderate and the presence of urinary infection and higher disability scores were associated with greater intensity of low back pain.

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10.

Association analysis of human leukocyte antigen class II (DRB1) alleles with leprosy in individuals from São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil
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Corrêa, Rita da Graça Carvalhal Frazão

; Aquino, Dorlene Maria Cardoso de

; Caldas, Arlene de Jesus Mendes

; Serra, Humberto de Oliveira

; Silva, Fábio França

; Ferreira, Maxwellem de Jesus Costa

; Santos, Elton Jonh Freitas

; Mesquita, Emygdia Rosa Rêgo Barros Pires Leal

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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dec 2012, Volume 107 Suppl. 1 Pages 150 - 155

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the variability of the clinical response to infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae is associated with host genetic factors. The present study investigated the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II (DRB1) alleles in patients with leprosy from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. A case-control study was performed in 85 individuals with leprosy and 85 healthy subjects. All samples were analysed via polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. The HLA-DRB1*16 allele showed a higher frequency in the group with leprosy [(9.41% vs. 4.12%) odds ratio (OR) = 2.41 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.96-6.08) p = 0.05], whereas the HLA-DRB1*11 allele was less frequent in the group with leprosy [(6.47% vs. 11.76%) OR = 0.51 95% CI (0.23-1.12) p = 0.09]. The frequency of HLA-DRB1* alleles between the control group and leprosy patient subgroups presenting different forms of the disease showed that the HLA-DRB1*16 (16.13% vs. 8.24%, OR = 4.10, CI = 1.27-13.27, p = 0.010) and HLA-DRB1*14 (5% vs. 3.53%, OR = 4.63, CI = 1.00-21.08, p = 0.032) alleles were significantly more frequent in patients with different clinical subtypes of leprosy. The sample size was a limitation in this study. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated the existence of a genetic susceptibility associated with the clinical forms of leprosy. The low frequency of the HLA-DRB1*11 allele should be further studied to investigate the possible protective effect of this allele.

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11.

O esôfago curto e o refluxo distal são fatores de risco para o refluxo proximal?
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Serra, Humberto Oliveira

; Gandolfi, Lenora

; Pratesi, Riccardo

ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo)

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dec 2010, Volume 23 N. 4 Pages 243 - 246

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RACIONAL: Não está claro se pacientes que apresentam refluxo gastroesofágico distal têm maior risco de apresentar também refluxo proximal. O senso comum sugere que um episódio de refluxo poderia chegar mais facilmente à faringe em pacientes que tivessem menor distância a percorrer entre o esfíncter inferior do esôfago e o superior. OBJETIVO: Investigar se o esôfago curto e a presença de refluxo esofágico distal são fatores de risco para refluxo proximal nos pacientes com sintomas respiratórios. MÉTODO: Cento e sete pacientes foram avaliados prospectivamente por meio de entrevista, esofagoscopia, manometria e pHmetria. Utilizaram-se o teste t de Student, o de correlação de Spearman, o do Qui-quadrado e odds-ratio. O nível de significância foi 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas que motivaram a investigação da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico foram: tosse 43 (40,2%); pigarro 25 (23,4%), globo faríngeo 23 (21,5%) e rouquidão 16 (14,9%). No estudo endoscópico 22 apresentaram esofagite e 14 hérnia de hiato. Na avaliação manométrica 11 (10,8)% apresentaram hipotonia do esfíncter inferior. A média do comprimento do esôfago foi 24,3 (± 1,9) cm, variando de 20 a 30 cm. Na avaliação pHmétrica 23 (21,5%) apresentaram refluxo distal patológico e 12 (11,2%) refluxo proximal. CONCLUSÕES: O comprimento do esôfago não esteve associado com a presença de refluxo proximal. Pacientes que apresentaram refluxo gatroesofágico distal, independente do comprimento do esôfago, tiveram risco aumentado de 4,6 vezes para apresentarem refluxo proximal.

BACKGROUND: It is not clear whether patients suffering from distal esophageal reflux also present high risk to proximal esophageal reflux. Common sense suggests that reflux would more easily reach the pharynx in patients who have a smaller distance between the lower esophageal sphincter and the upper one and, thus, short esophagus. AIM: To Investigate if short esophageal length and presence of esophageal distal reflux are risk factors for proximal reflux among patients presenting respiratory symptoms. METHODS: A hundred and seven patients were evaluated prospectively by interview, esophagoscopy, manometry and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Student's t test (two-sided), Spearman's rank correlation, Chi-square and odds ratio were used in the statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms that motivated the search for gastroesophageal reflux disease were cough 43 (40.2%); throat irritation 25 (23.4%), pharyngeal globe 23 (21.5%) and hoarseness 16 (14.9 %). By esophagoscopy, 22 (27.2%) presented some degree of esophagitis. A hiatal hernia was observed in 14 (17.5%) patients. According to manometry, 11 (10.8%) had lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia. The average esophageal body length was 24.3 (± 1.9) cm, ranging from 20 to 30 cm. The esophageal length was not associated with the presence of proximal esophageal reflux. As indicated by pH monitoring, 23 (21.5%) presented pathologic distal reflux and 12 (11.2%) had proximal reflux. CONCLUSION: The esophageal length was not associated with the presence of proximal esophageal reflux. Patients who had pathological distal esophageal reflux, independent of the esophageal length, were 4.6 times more likely to have proximal esophageal reflux.

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