Resumo: Objetivo i) caracterizar a composição das espécies de Cladocera eclodidas dos ovos de resistência de sedimentos permanentemente hidratados e temporariamente desidratados; e ii) testar se a desidratação periódica reduz a eclosão dos ovos de resistência. Métodos Os ovos de resistência de Cladocera foram coletados do sedimento do lago Tupé, Amazonas, Brasil. A amostragem foi realizada no período da seca, quando o sedimento é encontrado em duas condições: i) sedimento permanentemente hidratado (SPH) no canal do lago; e ii) sedimento temporariamente desidratado (STD) nas margens. Com isso foi realizado um experimento de eclosão, com temperatura de 24 °C (± 2 °C) e fotoperíodo de 12h claro: 12h escuro, durante 20 dias. Resultados Dos dois tipos de sedimentos foram contabilizados oito táxons de Cladocera. Em PHS foram identificados cinco táxons (um exclusivo) e em TDS ocorreram sete espécies (três exclusivas). A comparação da proporção de eclosão dos ovos de Cladocera entre STD (0,36 ± 0,48%) e SPH (0,32 ± 0,49%) não foi estatisticamente significativa (GLM: χ21= 0,012; P > 0,05; Pseudo-R2M= 0,0006). Conclusões A hipótese de que a desidratação periódica dos ovos de resistência de Cladocera reduz a eclosão dos ovos foi refutada. Isto nos leva a concluir que a desidratação periódica natural não afeta a eclosão de ovos de resistência, portanto, os ovos de resistência, como já reportado na literatura são um importante mecanismo de manutenção e sucesso dos organismos nos ambientes, mesmo sofrendo profundas modificações causadas pela grande variação do núvel das águas que ocorrem nos rios amazônicos e ambientes associados. Resumo i desidratados ii Tupé Amazonas Brasil seca condições (SPH (STD margens C ( h claro escuro dias exclusivo três exclusivas. exclusivas . exclusivas) 0,36 036 0 36 (0,3 0,48% 048 48 0,32 032 32 0,49% 049 49 GLM (GLM χ21 χ 0,012 0012 012 0,05 005 05 PseudoR2M= PseudoR2M PseudoRM Pseudo R2M= R2M R M Pseudo-R2M 0,0006. 00006 0,0006 0006 0,0006) refutada portanto associados 0,3 03 3 (0, 0,48 04 4 0,49 χ2 0,01 001 01 0,0 00 PseudoR RM 0000 0,000 000 0, (0 0,4 0,00

Abstract: Aim i) to characterize the composition of the Cladocera species hatched from the resting eggs of permanently hydrated and temporarily dehydrated sediments; ii) to test whether periodic dehydration reduces the hatching of the resting eggs. Methods Cladocera resting eggs were collected from the sediment of Tupé lake, Amazonas, Brazil. Sampling was performed in the dry season, when the sediment was found in two conditions: Permanently Hydrated Sediment (PHS) in the lake main channel and Temporarily Dehydrated Sediment (TDS) on the margin. Hatching was experimented through a temperature of 24 °C (± 2 °C) and a photoperiod of 12h light: 12h dark, for 20 days. Results Eight Cladocera taxa were counted among the two sediments. In PHS five taxa (one exclusive) were identified and seven taxa (three exclusive) occurred in TDS. The comparison of the hatching rate of Cladocera eggs between TDS (0.36 ± 0.48%) and PHS (0.32 ± 0.49%) was not significant (GLM: χ21= 0.012; P > 0.05; Pseudo-R2M= 0.0006). Conclusions The hypothesis that periodic dehydration of Cladocera resting eggs reduces egg hatching has been refuted. This leads us to conclude that natural periodic dehydration does not affect the hatching of resistance eggs, therefore, resistance eggs, as already reported in the literature are an important mechanism for the maintenance and success of organisms in environments, even undergoing profound changes caused due to the large variation in water levels that occur in Amazon rivers and associated environments. Abstract i sediments ii Amazonas Brazil season conditions (PHS (TDS margin C ( h light dark days one exclusive three 0.36 036 0 36 (0.3 0.48% 048 48 0.32 032 32 0.49% 049 49 GLM (GLM χ21 χ 0.012 0012 012 0.05 005 05 PseudoR2M= PseudoR2M PseudoRM Pseudo R2M= R2M R M Pseudo-R2M 0.0006. 00006 0.0006 . 0006 0.0006) refuted therefore environments 0.3 03 3 (0. 0.48 04 4 0.49 χ2 0.01 001 01 0.0 00 PseudoR RM 0000 0.000 000 0. (0 0.4 0.00

Abstract Santaremicaris gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Santaremicaris amazonensis sp. nov., a new species collected by Noodt from the hyporheic zone of the Amazonas River at Santarém, Brazil, and Parastenocaris santaremensis Noodt, 1963, which is redescribed and designated as the type species of the new genus. The new genus is recorded also from several localities of the Amazonian hydrographic basin. Santaremicaris gen. nov. is well supported by clear autapomorphies, e.g., 1) the absence of distal spinules on the endopod of the second swimming leg of the male, which is ornamented with strong outer spinules along the first 2/3 of the segment and armed with a long distal seta the insertion area of which covers almost the whole width of the segment; 2) the presence of a triangular, short and strongly sclerotized endopod on the fourth swimming leg of the male; and 3) the presence of a long and slim male fifth leg ending in a long distal spiniform process, with irregular margins, armed with only three setigerous elements on the outer margin, and reaching the middle of the subsequent urosomal segment or beyond it. The new genus is closely related to Murunducaris Reid, 1994, with males sharing conspicuous ornamentation on the inner margin of the first swimming leg basis, represented either by an enlarged spinule accompanied by minute accessory spinules or by a row of strong spinules. In addition, the males of both Murunducaris and Santaremicaris gen. nov. share an enlarged intercoxal sclerite with a median process on the fifth leg.

Resumo: Durante o estudo taxonômico do gênero Notodiaptomus Kiefer (1936), N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, N. henseni e N. deitersi tiveram seus materiais taxonômicos localizados e investigados. Inconsistências foram observadas e são relatadas nesta anotação, desde os detalhamentos originais até a atual situação tipológica. Conformações nomenclaturais e novos tipos são especificados e reforçam a validade taxonômica destas espécies, neótipos para N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, N. henseni e topótipo para N. deitersi.

Abstract: During a taxonomic study of the genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer 1936, taxonomic materials were located for N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, N. henseni and N. deitersi, and all had their status investigated. Inconsistencies were found and are reported in this note, from the original details to the current typological situation. Nomenclatural conformations and new types are specified. These reinforce the taxonomic validity of the species, recently redescribed in other research. Thus in this note the neotype to N. iheringi, N. spinuliferus, and N. henseni, and provide a topotype to N. deitersi are defined.

Resumo Este artigo discute a influência das condições socioambientais na prevalência da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica em duas comunidades ribeirinhas da (RDS) Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas, mediante estudo ecológico de grupos múltiplos e de análise contextual realizados com os moradores. Para delinear a etiologia ambiental que descreve o risco de acometimento da doença, o estudo compara dados demográficos, taxas de incidência e as práticas diárias comuns nas coletividades, levantados em pesquisa de campo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, com valores apresentados pelo IBGE na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013. Os resultados da análise sugerem que determinantes socioambientais, como a precariedade das condições gerais de vida, trabalho e de acesso aos mecanismos protetivos à saúde das comunidades investigadas são relevantes para explicar a variabilidade das taxas de incidência de HAS. Finaliza-se alertando para a necessidade de considerar a vulnerabilidade socioambiental na elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde e na gestão de unidades de conservação.

Abstract This article discusses the influence of environmental conditions on the prevalence of systemic hypertension in two riverine communities in the Sustainable Development Reserve of Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, through an ecological study of multiple groups and contextual analysis carried out with the local inhabitants. To identify the environmental etiology describing the risk of disease development, the study compares demographics, incidence rates and common daily practices in these communities, using data collected in the field, between 2012 and 2014, as well as values provided by IBGE, originally from National Health Survey, 2013. The results suggest that social and environmental determinants, such as general living conditions, occupation and access to protective health care, in the investigated communities, are relevant factors in explaining the observed variability in systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) incidence rates. The study concludes by pointing out the importance and need to consider socio-environmental vulnerability in the elaboration of public health policies and in the management of environmentally protected areas.

Resumo Este artigo discute a influência das condições socioambientais na prevalência da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica em duas comunidades ribeirinhas da (RDS) Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas, mediante estudo ecológico de grupos múltiplos e de análise contextual realizados com os moradores. Para delinear a etiologia ambiental que descreve o risco de acometimento da doença, o estudo compara dados demográficos, taxas de incidência e as práticas diárias comuns nas coletividades, levantados em pesquisa de campo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, com valores apresentados pelo IBGE na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013. Os resultados da análise sugerem que determinantes socioambientais, como a precariedade das condições gerais de vida, trabalho e de acesso aos mecanismos protetivos à saúde das comunidades investigadas são relevantes para explicar a variabilidade das taxas de incidência de HAS. Finaliza-se alertando para a necessidade de considerar a vulnerabilidade socioambiental na elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde e na gestão de unidades de conservação.

Abstract This article discusses the influence of environmental conditions on the prevalence of systemic hypertension in two riverine communities in the Sustainable Development Reserve of Tupé, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, through an ecological study of multiple groups and contextual analysis carried out with the local inhabitants. To identify the environmental etiology describing the risk of disease development, the study compares demographics, incidence rates and common daily practices in these communities, using data collected in the field, between 2012 and 2014, as well as values provided by IBGE, originally from National Health Survey, 2013. The results suggest that social and environmental determinants, such as general living conditions, occupation and access to protective health care, in the investigated communities, are relevant factors in explaining the observed variability in systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) incidence rates. The study concludes by pointing out the importance and need to consider socio-environmental vulnerability in the elaboration of public health policies and in the management of environmentally protected areas.

Abstract For the past 10 years, studies have contributed greatly to knowledge regarding the composition and distribution of the planktonic cladocerans of Tupé Lake in Amazonas State, Brazil, but comparisons between these studies have not been made, and this would increase the comprehension of the ecology of these organisms and their environment. Periodically the hydrological conditions in Tupé Lake change, due to its connecting channel with the Negro River. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition, abundance and diversity of cladocerans in the limnetic zone of Tupé Lake and compare the results with previous studies performed there. Samples were taken in April, June, September, October, November/08 and February/09 in 4 stations located in different areas of the lake. Ceriodaphnia cornuta G.O. Sars, 1886, Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895 and Bosmina cf. longirostris (O.F. Müller, 1785) were the most abundant and frequent species of cladocerans among the 25 recorded species. Higher abundance and richness were observed during the low water phase (October/08). A relationship between the number of samples taken, as well as the type of sampling gear used, and the species richness was observed, when comparing this and previous studies performed in the lake.

ABSTRACT The distributional patterns of 13 species of Diaptomus Westwood, 1836 were analyzed using the panbiogeographical method of track analysis. Locality records were compiled from the literature and mapped for the construction of individual tracks for each species. These tracks were superimposed to find the generalized tracks. Four generalized tracks were found: (1) Siberia, Central Europe, and Iceland; (2) Northern Italy, southern France, central Spain, northern Algeria, and northern Morocco; (3) Southern France, central Spain, and northern Morocco; (4) Southern Italy, Sicily, and Albania. Five biogeographic nodes were found: (A) Southwestern Iberia, (B) Southeastern Iberia, (C) Central Iberia, (D) Cantabria, at the intersections of generalized tracks 2 and 3; and (E) Italian Peninsula Islands, at the intersection of generalized tracks 2 and 4. The main massing of the species of Diaptomus studied is located in the Iberian peninsula, where six of the species do occur. A model based on the fragmentation and differentiation of already widespread ancestors during the late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic, related to the opening the North Atlantic Ocean and the formation of the Mediterranean Sea, is proposed as a most parsimonious explanation for the observed patterns of geographic vicariance.

The aim of this study was to identify patterns of vertical distribution of planktonic cladocerean populations throughout the diel cycle, during the low and high water periods, and its ecological implications for a black water Amazonian lake. Tupé Lake is a black water lake located near the Brazilian city of Manaus. A channel links the lake with the Negro River and its flood pulse. This study was performed in a low-water period (November 2005) and in a high-water period (June 2006). Samples were taken on a 24-hour cycle, every 4 hours and at each meter of the water column, using a Schindler-Patalas trap equipped with a 55µm size mesh. A total of 16 species were registered during the low water period, wherein Bosminopsis deitersi, Moina minuta, and Ceriodaphnia cornuta were the most abundant species. B. deitersi migrated to the bottom during the afternoon, while M. minuta, Moina reticulata, and Holopedium amazonicum remained at the bottom for the entire diel cycle. During the high-water period, a total of 18 species were observed, and B. deitersi, C. cornuta, and Diaphanosoma polyspina were the most abundant species. During both sampling periods, no pattern was detected for C. cornuta. Generally, vertical patterns of distribution were less evident in the high water period, due to the mixing of the lake.

Uma nova espécie de Copepoda Calanoida, Rhacodiaptomus besti,é descrita de material coletado no Igarapé São Pedro, Rio Jamari, Rondônia, e no Lago Amanã, rio Japurá, Tefé, Amazonas, na Amazônia Ocidental. Foi feita uma análise morfològica detalhada desta espécie para embasar futuros estudos de associações inter e intragenéricas.

A new species of Calanoid copepod, Rhacodiaptomus besti,is described from material collected in the Igarapé São Pedro, Rio Jamari, State of Rondônia, and Lago Amanã, Rio Japurá, State of Amazonas, in Western Amazonia. A detailed morphological analysis of the species was undertaken in order to provide a basis for future studies on inter and intrageneric relationships.

This paper was elaborated with intention of complementing original descriptions, updating the distribution ofthe species and providing the taxonomic basis necessary for a secure identification of the animals. We present detailed ilustrations of 6 species of Calanoid copepods and 3 species of Cyclopoids copepods found, but not necessarilly restricted to the Curuá - Una Reservoir located in the municipality of Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil.