The growth of the oil and gas industry implies an understanding of corrosion and ways to mitigate pipeline failures. The objective of this research is to evaluate the propagation of localized corrosion induced by flow in different concentrations of sodium chloride and in the presence of corrosion inhibitor, associated with the wall shear stress. The API X65 steel specimens were drilled, with the purpose of simulating corrosion pits, and coupled to a modified ASTM G170 rotating cage.The experimental conditions were: (1) desaerated medium in the presence of CO2 under 5 bar, 120°C and concentrations of 0.1% or 10% sodium chloride; (2) aerated medium without CO2 at 40°C, without or with corrosion inhibitor. To evaluate the shear stress, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to understand the distribution on the surface of the samples. The results showed that the chloride concentration influenced the formation of the FeCO3 film and the corrosion rate. Furthermore, it was observed that the variation in diameter was more pronounced for the pits that had the smallest initial diameter, in all conditions evaluated. The highest values of diameter variation did not correspond to the highest values of shear stress imposed on each artificial pits. failures inhibitor X X6 drilled G G17 cageThe cage 1 (1 CO bar 120C C 120 01 0 0.1 10 2 (2 40C 40 40°C CFD (CFD samples FeCO rate Furthermore evaluated G1 ( 12 0. 4

RESUMO A hepatite crônica (HC) é caracterizada pela substituição dos hepatócitos por tecido fibrótico após injúria, em vez de regeneração do parênquima funcional, e a terapia não é curativa. A terapia com células-tronco tem mostrado potencial para reduzir a fibrose hepática. Este relato descreve o manejo de um cão com HC com abordagem baseada em células mesenquimais. Uma cadela de 13 anos foi atendida com perda de peso, êmese, diarreia e letargia. Previamente, fora diagnosticada com HC. Exames de sangue mostraram hipoalbuminemia, aumento das atividades da alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e fosfatase alcalina (FA), e anemia. Três transfusões de 2,5x106 células mesenquimais derivadas foram realizadas. Após a primeira transfusão, o tutor relatou melhora nos sinais clínicos. A bioquímica sérica evidenciou redução na atividade da FA. Após a segunda administração, houve redução nas atividades séricas da ALT e da FA, que continuaram caindo após a terceira transfusão. Houve aumento nas concentrações de albumina e proteína plasmática total. Após seis meses, o cão retornou para controle. Foram observados avanço na melhora dos sinais clínicos, nova redução na atividade da ALT e leve aumento da FA. A terapia baseada em células-tronco pode ser considerada alternativa promissora para doenças hepáticas crônicas. Neste relato, demonstrou segurança e eficácia. (HC injúria funcional curativa célulastronco tronco hepática 1 peso êmese letargia Previamente hipoalbuminemia (ALT FA , (FA) anemia 25x106 x 2 5x106 2,5x10 realizadas transfusão clínicos administração total meses controle crônicas eficácia (FA 25x10 5x10 2,5x1 25x1 5x1 2,5x 25x 5x

ABSTRACT Chronic hepatitis (CH) is characterized by the replacement of hepatocytes for fibrotic tissue after injury, and treatment is not curative. Stem cell therapy has shown potential to reduce liver fibrosis. This report describes the management of a dog with CH with a mesenchymal cell-based approach. A 13-year old dog was presented with weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. She was previously diagnosed with CH. Blood analysis showed hypoalbuminemia, increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and anemia. Three 2.5x106 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells transplantations were performed. After the first transplantation, the owner reported an improvement in clinical signs. Biochemistry evidenced a reduction in ALP activity. After the second administration, serum biochemistry showed a decrease in serum ALT and ALP activities, which kept falling after the third transplantation. There was an increase in albumin and total plasmatic proteins concentration. After six months, the dog came back for control and further improvement in clinical signs, new decrease in ALT activity and a mild increase in ALP concentration was observed. Increase in total and plasmatic protein were also observed. Stem cell-based therapy may be considered a promising alternative for liver diseases. It was safe and showed efficacy in this report. (CH injury curative fibrosis cellbased based approach 13year year 13 loss vomiting diarrhea lethargy hypoalbuminemia (ALT ALP, , (ALP) anemia 25x106 x 2 5x106 2.5x10 marrowderived marrow derived performed transplantation signs administration months observed diseases 1 (ALP 25x10 5x10 2.5x1 25x1 5x1 2.5x 25x 5x

Microbiologically influenced corrosion is a common problem in the oil and gas industry. It is a type of corrosion induced by biofilm-forming microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria which produces corrosive compounds as a product of their respiration. The most indicated treatment for the issue is the use of biocides, chemical substances used to kill microbes. However, biocides are corrosive to many materials, making their selection a problem. The 2,2-dibromopropanediamide (BDNPA) is a biocide used to control the growth of a wide range microorganisms. There is a literature gap for selecting materials that can be used with DBNPA Biocide without risk of corrosion. Hence, this research is dedicated to investigating the corrosion behaviour of commonly used alloys in a DBNPA solution. This work evaluated 11 alloys commonly used in the laboratory for the manufacture of instrumentation piping. Anodic polarization tests and 30 days immersion tests were carried out in a 100% DBNPA solution at two temperatures (25 and 40 ºC). Among the analysed alloys, only 4 were approved by the tests in all tested temperature ranges (Titanium Grade 2, Hastelloy C276, Inconel 625 and Superduplex Steel SAF 2507). These alloys did not present a localized corrosion process in any of the 30-day immersion tests, in addition, they obtained a significant passivation domain in the anodic polarization test at 40 ºC. The remaining alloys (AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 317, AISI 321, AISI 347, Monel 400) were not approved in all temperature ranges tested for transport and storage of 100% BDNPA biocide solution. industry biofilmforming biofilm forming sulfatereducing sulfate reducing respiration microbes However 2,2dibromopropanediamide 22dibromopropanediamide dibromopropanediamide 2,2 2 (BDNPA Hence 1 piping 3 100 25 (2 ºC . ºC) Titanium C276 C 62 2507. 2507 2507) 30day day addition 304 316 317 321 347 400 2dibromopropanediamide 22 10 ( C27 6 250 31 32 34 C2

Abstract Background The 6-OHDA nigro-striatal lesion model has already been related to disorders in the excitability and synchronicity of neural networks and variation in the expression of transmembrane proteins that control intra and extracellular ionic concentrations, such as cation-chloride cotransporters (NKCC1 and KCC2) and Na+/K+-ATPase and, also, to the glial proliferation after injury. All these non-synaptic mechanisms have already been related to neuronal injury and hyper-synchronism processes. Objective The main objective of this study is to verify whether mechanisms not directly related to synaptic neurotransmission could be involved in the modulation of nigrostriatal pathways. Methods Male Wistar rats, 3 months old, were submitted to a unilateral injection of 24 µg of 6-OHDA, in the striatum (n= 8). The animals in the Control group (n= 8) were submitted to the same protocol, with the replacement of 6-OHDA by 0.9% saline. The analysis by optical densitometry was performed to quantify the immunoreactivity intensity of GFAP, NKCC1, KCC2, Na+/K+-ATPase, TH and Cx36. Results The 6-OHDA induced lesions in the striatum, were not followed by changes in the expression cation-chloride cotransporters and Na+/K+-ATPase, but with astrocytic reactivity in the lesioned and adjacent regions of the nigrostriatal. Moreover, the dopaminergic degeneration caused by 6-OHDA is followed by changes in the expression of connexin-36. Conclusions The use of the GJ blockers directly along the nigrostriatal pathways to control PD motor symptoms is conjectured. Electrophysiology of the striatum and the substantia nigra, to verify changes in neuronal synchronism, comparing brain slices of control animals and experimental models of PD, is needed. 6OHDA OHDA 6 nigro striatal concentrations cationchloride cation chloride NKCC1 NKCC (NKCC KCC2 KCC Na+/K+ATPase NaKATPase Na+/K+ ATPase Na K also nonsynaptic non hypersynchronism hyper synchronism processes rats old 2 6OHDA, OHDA, n= n (n 8. 8 . protocol 09 0 9 0.9 saline GFAP Na+/K+ATPase, ATPase, Cx36 Cx Moreover connexin36. connexin36 connexin 36. 36 connexin-36 conjectured nigra needed NaK Na+/K 0. Cx3 connexin3 connexin-3 connexin-

Abstract Lithium-ion recovery has become a constant quest due to the increasing demand for rechargeable batteries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the extractants; Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 936P to determine the extractant with the highest affinity to the Li-ion. The extraction efficiency of both extractants was analyzed using synthetic leaching liquors that contained Li, K, and Al, where the pH and the percentage of concentration of the extractant were evaluated, where it turned out that 10% of Cyanex 936P extractant when in contact with A solution with a pH of 2, obtained 44% extraction of the Li-ion, a comparison of the extractant Cyanex 272 where the same conditions, this obtained 1.93% extraction of the Li-ion.

Resumen La recuperación del ion de Litio se ha vuelto una búsqueda constante debido al incremento de demanda de baterías recargables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los extractantes; Cyanex 272 y Cyanex 936P para determinar el extractante con mayor afinidad al ion Li. Se analizó la eficiencia de extracción de ambos extractantes utilizando licores de lixiviación sintéticas que contenían Li, K y Al, donde se evaluó el pH y el porcentaje de concentración del extractante, donde resulto que al 10% de extractante Cyanex 936P al estar en contacto con una solución acusa a un pH de 2, obtuvo el 44 % de extracción del ion Li, a comparación del extractante Cyanex 272 donde a las mismas condiciones, este obtuvo el 1.93% de extracción del ion Li.

The association between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory diseases is well known. This study aimed to identify the association between this exposure and hospitalizations for COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, SP, a medium-sized city, between April 2020 and April 2021. Hospitalization data, concerning code B34.2, was supplied by DATASUS, and data concerning pollutants and climate variables were supplied by CETESB. Cases were quantified by sex, age, length of hospital stay in days, and type of discharge, whether hospital discharge or death. The negative binomial regression model was chosen. Estimates were produced for the relative risk (RR) of significant exposure to pollutants (P≤0.05) with a 10 µg/m3 increase of pollutant, as well as for excess hospitalizations. There were 1873 hospitalizations, with a daily average of 4.7 (±3.8), ranging from zero to 21: 716 deaths (38.2%) were recorded, 1065 admissions were men, and women were less susceptible (OR=0.82). The average age of women was higher than that of men; in cases of death, men were older than women; discharged patients were younger. All the above variables were significant. The risk of ozone exposure was higher and more significant in Lag 2, and the risk of nitrogen dioxide exposure was high in Lag 3, which was the period of the highest increase in hospitalizations, at 11.3%. The findings of this study, the first conducted in Brazil, corroborate the results of studies conducted in other centers.

The aim of the present study was to verify the role of lactate as a signaling molecule in cardiac tissue under physiological conditions. C57BL6/J male mice were submitted to acute running bouts on a treadmill at different exercise intensities (30, 60, and 90% of maximal speed - Smax) under the effect of two doses (0.5 and 5 mM) of α-cyano-4-hydroxycynnamate (CINN), a blocker of lactate transporters. Cardiac lactate levels, activity of the enzymes of glycolytic [hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] and oxidative metabolism [citrate synthase (CS)], and expression of genes also related to metabolism [LDH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2), cytochrome oxidase IV (COX-IV), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)] were evaluated. Elevated cardiac lactate levels were observed after high intensity running at 90% of Smax, which were parallel to increased activity of the HK and CS enzymes and mRNA levels of PGC-1α and COX-IV. No changes were observed in cardiac lactate levels in mice running at lower exercise intensities. Interestingly, prior intraperitoneal administration (15 min) of CINN (0.5 mM) significantly reduced cardiac lactate concentration, activities of HK and CS, and mRNA levels of PGC-1α and COX-IV in mice that ran at 90% of Smax. In addition, cardiac lactate levels were significantly correlated to both PGC-1α and COX-IV cardiac gene expression. The present study provides evidence that cardiac lactate levels are associated to gene transcription during an acute bout of high intensity running exercise.

Abstract Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) has gained prominence as an anti-corrosive pigment. The performance of anti-corrosive coatings based on Nb2O5 was tested in an environment with an acid atmosphere and at high temperatures. For comparison, SAE 1020 carbon steel samples were coated with two anti-corrosive coatings based on Nb2O5: applied by thermal spray and epoxy paint. The samples were partially immersed in the laboratory for 720 h and 1440 h in a 40% (v/v) H2SO4 at 25°C, 60°C, and 80°C. An in-situ evaluation was carried out of chemical industry installations over 4383 h in microclimates with the presence of corrosive agents at temperatures up to 70°C. The results obtained showed that the Nb2O5 coatings applied by thermal spray offer better anti-corrosive performance under immersive conditions. In contrast, under conditions submitted to steam, both the Nb2O5 coatings applied by thermal spraying and epoxy-Nb2O5 paint show excellent anti-corrosive behavior.

Abstract Gold telluride minerals are refractory to conventional cyanidation, so their processing requires a previous treatment, or the use of alternative cyanide leaching agents. The growing presence of gold tellurides has created the need to search for new alternatives for the treatment of this type of minerals. In this, an extraction process of this type of minerals is proposed using Caro's acid as a pre-oxidant of the mineral for a subsequent conventional cyanidation. For this, a gold telluride mineral was used, previously cyanide, with the presence of calaverite (AuTe2). Caro's acid, for its part, is an oxidizing agent used to oxidize the CN- ion in cyanidation tails. Caro's acid functioned as a leaching agent, where direct acid leaching occurs, obtaining gold values that were considered non-recoverable.

Resumen Los minerales de telururo de oro son refractarios a la cianuración convencional, por lo que para su procesamiento requieren de un tratamiento previo, o el uso de agentes lixiviantes alternos al cianuro. La creciente presencia de los telururos de oro, ha creado la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas para el tratamiento de este tipo de minerales. En este trabajo se propone un proceso de extracción empleando ácido de Caro como pre oxidante del mineral para una posterior cianuración convencional. Para esto, se utilizó un mineral de telururo de oro, ya cianurado con anterioridad, con presencia de calaverita (AuTe2). Se encontró que el ácido de Caro es un efectivo agente lixiviante, produciendo una disolución ácida directa y permitiendo la obtención de valores de oro que se consideraban no recuperables.

RESUMO Muitos fitopatógenos de ampla distribuição geográfica como os fungos fitopatogênicos do gênero Rhizoctonia, estão sujeitos a extremas flutuações de temperatura em seus habitats. Para sobreviver a tais flutuações térmicas, esses organismos desenvolveram a habilidade de regular seus valores fenotípicos para adaptações térmicas bem como a outras variações ambientais específicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito do estresse térmico na evolucionabilidade para crescimento micelial de duas populações hospedeiro-distintas de Rhizocctonia solani AG-1 IA infectando arroz (OS6) ou Urochloa (BBT1) e compará-las a uma população de R. oryzae-sativae de arroz (OS5), espécie adaptada a temperaturas mais elevadas. As populações foram submetidas a duas temperaturas de crescimento: 25°C e 35°C (temperatura ótima e de estresse para R. solani AG-1 IA). Baseando-se em medidas do crescimento micelial, estimaram-se os coeficientes de variância genotípica (IG), variância ambiental (IE) e herdabilidade no sentido amplo (h2) como medidas de evolucionabilidade. Enquanto a população OS5 de R. oryzae-sativae foi pouco influenciada pelo estresse térmico, a 35oC detectou-se redução de h2 nas populações BBT1 e OS6 de R. solani AG-1 IA. Entretanto, os valores relativamente altos de h2 a 35oC (0,63 ± 0,07) indicaram que tanto a população BBT1 quanto a OS6 de R. solani AG-1 IA têm potencial de adaptação ao estresse térmico.

ABSTRACT A large number of widely distributed plant pathogens such as the phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Rhizoctonia are subject to extreme temperature fluctuations in their habitats. To survive such thermal fluctuations, these organisms have developed the capability of regulating their phenotypic values for specific thermal adaptations and to other specific environmental variations. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of thermal stress on the evolvability for mycelial growth in two host-distinct populations of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA infecting either rice (OS6) or Urochloa (BBT1), and to compare them with a population of R. oryzae-sativae from rice (OS5), a species adapted to higher temperatures. The populations were subjected to two growth temperatures: 25°C and 35°C (optimal and stress temperatures for R. solani AG-1 IA). Based on mycelial growth, estimates of genotypic variance (IG), environmental variance (IE) and broad sense heritability (h2) were determined as measures of evolvability. The population OS5 of R. oryzae-sativae was almost not influenced by temperature stress, while at 35oC there was a reduction in h2 for the populations BBT1 and OS6 of R. solani AG-1 IA. However, the relatively high h2 values for mycelial growth at 35oC (0.63 ± 0.07) indicate that both populations BBT1 and OS6 of R. solani AG-1 IA have potential for adaptation to temperature stress.

RESUMO O uso de adjuvantes associados a herbicidas visa melhorar o desempenho da aplicação e o consequente aumento do efeito biológico do tratamento. Porém, a ordem de adição dos produtos ao tanque do pulverizador pode trazer importantes influências à calda fitossanitária. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o controle de Senna obtusifolia em função da sequência de adição do herbicida aminopiralide + fluroxipir e de adjuvantes no preparo das caldas. Foram utilizadas duas dosagens de herbicida (1 e 2 L p.c. ha-1), associadas aos adjuvantes óleo mineral (OM); copolímero de poliéter e silicone (SIL); mistura de fosfatidicolina e ácido propiônico (LEC), todos na proporção de 0,3% v v-1, com adição alternada à calda para avaliar os efeitos da sequência de preparo. O volume de calda considerado foi de 150 L ha-1. Foram realizadas avaliações da estabilidade da calda a partir da avaliação visual de homogeneidade, condutividade elétrica e pH. O efeito do tratamento no controle de S. obtusifolia foi mensurado por meio de uma escala de pontuação e pela massa seca. Também foram determinados os coeficientes de correlação entre as avaliações. Verificou-se que não houve diferença da sequência de preparo da calda para a estabilidade, o pH e a condutividade elétrica. Porém, a sequência de preparo influenciou o controle inicial de S. obtusifolia, sem efeito sobre a massa seca. O tratamento com o adjuvante LEC adicionado ao herbicida proporcionou maior taxa de controle na maior dosagem, enquanto o adjuvante de SIL teve o efeito oposto.

ABSTRACT The use of adjuvants associated with herbicides aims at improving the performance of application and the consequent increase in the biological effect of the treatment. However, the sequence of product added to the sprayer tank can influence the phytosanitary spray solution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the control of Senna obtusifolia as a function of the sequence of addition of the herbicide aminopyralid + fluroxypyr and adjuvants in the preparation of spray solution. Two herbicide doses (1 and 2 L c.p. ha-1) associated with the adjuvants mineral oil (MO), silicone polyether copolymer (SIL), and a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and propionic acid (LEC), all in the proportion of 0.3% v v-1, with alternate addition to the spray solution to evaluate the effects of the preparation sequence. The spray solution volume considered was 150 L ha-1. Evaluations of spray solution stability were performed from the visual evaluation of homogeneity, electrical conductivity, and pH. The effect of treatment on S. obtusifolia control was measured using a scoring scale and dry matter. Correlation coefficients between the evaluations were also determined. No difference of the preparation sequence of spray solution was observed for stability, pH, and electrical conductivity, but an influence was observed on S. obtusifolia control, without changing dry matter accumulation. The treatment with the adjuvant LEC previously added to the herbicide provided a higher control rate at the highest dose, while the adjuvant SIL had the opposite effect.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram estabelecer o cultivo massal de W. brasiliensis em condição de laboratório, determinar a sensibilidade para as substâncias-referência (dicromato de potássio, cloreto de sódio e cloreto de potássio) e a estimar a toxicidade aguda (CL50;7d) para os herbicidas glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, imazapyr, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, imazamox, penoxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl e atrazine. Para estabelecimento do cultivo, foram testados três meios: Hoagland’s; 5,0 g L-1 de fertilizante NPK (20;5;20) e o da mistura Latossolo Vermelho + substrato orgânico de planta aquática em decomposição (2:1; v v-1). Após o estabelecimento do cultivo, foram realizados os ensaios de sensibilidade com as substâncias-referência e os ensaios de toxicidade aguda para os herbicidas. A W. brasiliensis apresentou excelente resposta de sensibilidade às substâncias-referência com CL50;7d média de 15,61±2,13 g L-1 para o cloreto de sódio, de 17,02±0,50 g L-1 para o cloreto de potássio e de 52,54±4,27 mg L-1 para o dicromato de potássio. A resposta de toxicidade aguda de W. brasiliensis para o diquat (CL50;7d = 0,07 mg L-1) e paraquat (< 0,05 mg L-1) indica que a planta pode ser considerada extremamente sensível; para o imazapyr, sensível (CL50;7d = 21,10 mg L-1), e para os demais herbicidas testados, pouco sensível. A capacidade de resposta relativa a diferentes grupos de herbicidas somada à resposta padronizada às substâncias-referência e facilidade de cultivo em laboratório indicam potencial para o uso desta planta aquática na avaliação de risco de herbicidas em ambientes aquáticos.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to establish the mass cultivation of Wolffia brasiliensis under laboratory conditions, determine the sensitivity of reference substances (potassium dichromate, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride), and estimate the acute toxicity (LC50;7d) for the herbicide glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, imazapyr, 2,4-D, saflufenacil, imazamox, penoxsulam, metsulfuron-methyl, and atrazine. Three media were tested for culture establishment: Hoagland’s medium, 5.0 g L-1 NPK fertilizer (20-5-20), a mixture of Oxisol + organic substrate of decaying aquatic plant (2:1; v v-1). Sensitivity tests with reference substances and acute toxicity for herbicides were carried out after establishing the cultivation. The species W. brasiliensis presented an excellent sensitivity response to reference substances, with means of LC50;7d of 15.61±2.13 g L-1, 17.02±0.50 g L-1, and 52.54±4.27 mg L-1 for sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium dichromate, respectively. The acute toxicity response indicated that W. brasiliensis was extremely sensitive to diquat (LC50;7d = 0.07 mg L-1) and paraquat (LC50;7d < 0.05 mg L-1), sensitive to imazapyr (LC50;7d = 21.10 mg L-1), and little sensitive to the other herbicides. The response capacity for the different groups of herbicides, the standardized response to reference substances, and ease of cultivation in the laboratory indicate the potential for using this aquatic plant in the assessment of herbicide risk in aquatic environments.

RESUMO: Saimiri sciureus é uma espécie de primata neotropical muito utilizada como animal de pesquisa. No entanto ainda há dificuldades em biotérios quanto a sua reprodução devido à alta ocorrência de distocia. A distocia em primatas pode ter origem devido à desproporção cefalopélvica, sendo que em macacos-de-cheiro é relatada a gestação de fetos grandes. O presente trabalho descreve dados de pelvimetria em espécimes de macaco-de-cheiro, fêmeas adultas e subadultas provenientes de uma colônia de pesquisa do Pará, Brasil. Foram realizadas radiografias da pelve em projeção ventrodorsal e por meio destas mensurados os diâmetros biilíaco superior (DBIS); diâmetro biíliaco inferior (DBII); diâmetro biilíaco médio (DBIM); diâmetro diagonal direito (DDD); diâmetro diagonal esquerdo (DDE); diâmetro sacro-púbico (DSP); com base nos diâmetros obtidos também foi calculada a área de entrada da pelve (AEP). Os valores médios dos diâmetros pélvicos e da AEP em fêmeas adultas foram: DBIS 1,714cm, DBIM 1,957cm, DBII 1,686cm, DDD 2,771cm, DDE 2,764cm, DSP 2,543cm e AEP 3,9056cm2; e para fêmeas subadultas: 1,588cm DBIS, 1,850cm DBIM, 1,625cm DBII, 2,50cm DDD, 2,474cm DDE, 1,95cm DSP e 2,8293 cm2 AEP. Observou-se que a pelve de Saimiri sciureus é dolicopélvica. Houve diferença estatística significativa entre os valores para fêmeas adultas e subadultas para DBIS, DBIM, DDD, DDE, DSP e AEP. Em comparação com dados da literatura de pelvimetria para S. sciureus observaram-se menores valores de DBIS e DBII. O resultado deste trabalho servirá como base para futuros estudos utilizando-se mensurações pélvicas e predição de distocia em primatas neotropicais e referência para comparação entre S. sciureus de diferentes biotérios.

ABSTRACT: Saimiri sciureus is a neotropical primate widely used in research. However, there are still difficulties regarding their reproduction in vivaria due to the high incidence of dystocia. Dystocia in primates can be caused by cephalopelvic disproportion and in Squirrel Monkeys, pregnancy of large fetuses were reported. This paper describes pelvimetry data of adult females and subadults in specimens of Squirrel Monkeys, from a research colony of Para, Brazil. Pelvic radiographs were obtained in ventrodorsal projections and the following measurements were taken: superior bi-iliac diameter (SBID); inferior bi-iliac diameter (IBID); bi-iliac average diameter (BIAD); right diagonal diameter (RDD); left diagonal diameter (LDD); sacro-pubic diameter (SPD); Based on the obtained diameters, the entrance area of the pelvis (EAP) was also calculated. The average values of the pelvic diameters and EAP in adult females were SBID 1.714cm, BIAD 1.957cm, IBID 1.686cm, RDD 2.771cm, LDD 2.764cm, SPD 2.543cm and EAP 3.9056cm2; and subadult females: 1.588cm SBID, 1.850cm BIAD, 1.625cm IBID, 2.50cm RDD, LDD 2.474cm, 1.95cm SPD and 2.8293 cm2 EAP. Saimiri sciureus pelvis is characterized as dolichopelvic. There was statistical significance between the values for adult females and subadults to SBID, BIAD, RDD, LDD, SPD and EAP. The values of SBID and IBID were lower when compared to the published data for the same species. The result found on this paper will serve as a basis for future studies using pelvic measurements and dystocia prediction of neotropical primates and comparison between different vivaria.

Maternal smoking is a risk factor for progeny obesity. We have previously shown, in a rat model of neonatal tobacco smoke exposure, a mild increase in food intake and a considerable increase in visceral adiposity in the adult offspring. Males also had secondary hyperthyroidism, while females had only higher T4. Since brown adipose tissue (BAT) hypofunction is related to obesity, here we tested the hypothesis that higher levels of thyroid hormones are not functional in BAT, suggesting a lower metabolic rate. We evaluated autonomic nerve activity in BAT and its function in adult rats that were exposed to tobacco smoke during lactation. At birth, litters were adjusted to 3 male and 3 female pups/litter. From postnatal day (PND) 3 to 21, Wistar lactating rats and their pups were divided into SE group, smoke-exposed in a cigarette smoking machine (4 times/day) and C group, exposed to filtered air. Offspring were sacrificed at PND180. Adult SE rats of both genders had lower interscapular BAT autonomic nervous system activity, with higher BAT mass but no change in morphology. BAT UCP1 and CPT1a protein levels were decreased in the SE groups of both genders. Male SE rats had lower β3-AR, TRα1, and TRβ1 expression while females showed lower PGC1α expression. BAT Dio2 mRNA and hypothalamic POMC and MC4R levels were similar between groups. Hypothalamic pAMPK level was higher in SE males and lower in SE females. Thus, neonatal cigarette smoke exposure induces lower BAT thermogenic capacity, which can be obesogenic at adulthood.

RESUMO O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.

ABSTRACT The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient’s previous clinical condition.