ABSTRACT Biochar can promote crop production and soil quality. However, its characteristics depend on the waste used in its production and its effects may vary according to the species being cultivated and the management adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biochar from animal waste on soil quality and the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea. An experiment was set up to test three types of biochar (bovine-BB, swine-SB and poultry-BP), with added fertiliser (BBF, SBF and BPF) and two control treatments, including the addition of calcium magnesium oxide (CT) and calcium magnesium oxide with fertiliser (CTF), giving a total of eight treatments with four replications. There was a respective increase of up to 102.94%, 1048%, 1560% and 360.22% in stem diameter, number of pods, number of grains per pod and stem dry matter from adding the biochar. The poultry biochar increased each of the above parameters even with no added fertiliser. There was no difference in basal soil respiration or β-glucosidase enzyme activity, whereas organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial carbon and soil labile carbon were greater with biochar. BBF gave the highest TOC content (24.40 g kg-1), while BP and BPF increased TN by around 61%. The application of biochar + fertiliser contributed to an average reduction of 56% in the soil metabolic quotient. Poultry biochar favoured both the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea and soil quality, while bovine biochar showed more marked results with the addition of fertiliser. However adopted bovineBB, bovineBB BB, BB (bovine-BB swineSB swine SB poultryBP, poultryBP , poultry-BP) BBF, (BBF CT (CT CTF, CTF (CTF) replications 10294 102 94 102.94% 1048 1048% 1560 36022 360 22 360.22 diameter pods βglucosidase β glucosidase activity TOC, (TOC) TN, (TN) 24.40 2440 24 40 (24.4 kg1, kg1 kg 1 kg-1) 61 61% 56 quotient poultry-BP (CTF 1029 10 9 102.94 104 156 3602 36 2 360.2 (TOC (TN 24.4 244 4 (24. kg-1 6 5 102.9 15 3 360. 24. (24 kg- 102. (2 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: Although Brazil has a high prevalence of retinoblastoma, there is a lack of epidemiological data on the disease. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in the ophthalmology department of a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Ceara, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively analyzing the clinical and socioeconomic data from the medical records of pediatric patients followed-up at the hospital between 2007 and 2021. Retinoblastoma was diagnosed on the basis of a fundoscopic or histopathologic examination. Results: The data of 105 patients were included in the study, and the mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 1.7 years. Most of the patients were women (50.5%) and hailed from rural areas (57.4%), which was associated with a higher tumor stage. Of the 150 patients, 57.1% initially presented with leukocoria. Ocular hyperemia was associated with more advanced stages of retinoblastoma (p=0.004). Bilateral involvement was observed in 25.7% of the patients and at a significantly younger age (p=0.009). The presence of retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds significantly increased the likelihood of requiring enucleation. Discussion: This study presents an epidemiological description of retinoblastoma in Brazil, which highlights the significance of early detection. Delayed diagnosis is associated with a poorer visual prognosis and higher mortality rate, particularly in patients with unilateral disease. Risk factors for a more severe disease were retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds. The correlation between histopathological features and clinical outcomes was limited. Conclusion: Further studies are required to assess the influence of ocular hyperemia, fundoscopic assessment, and histopathologic findings on the prognosis of retinoblastoma. Moreover, it is critical to devise interventions to reduce the time-to-diagnosis in rural areas. Purpose Thus Ceara Methods crosssectional cross sectional followedup followed up 200 2021 examination Results 10 17 1 7 1. years 50.5% 505 50 5 (50.5% 57.4%, 574 57.4% , 57 4 (57.4%) stage 15 571 57.1 leukocoria p=0.004. p0004 p p=0.004 . 0 004 (p=0.004) 257 25 25.7 p=0.009. p0009 p=0.009 009 (p=0.009) detachment lesions enucleation Discussion detection rate limited Conclusion assessment Moreover timetodiagnosis 20 202 50.5 (50.5 57.4 (57.4% 57. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 2 25. (p=0.009 50. (50. (57.4 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (50 (57. p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (5 (57 p=0 (p=0. ( p= (p=0 (p= (p

Resumo Enquadramento: A literacia em saúde (LS) é a capacidade da pessoa obter e traduzir informações a fim de manter e melhorar a saúde. Objetivo: Caracterizar o nível de LS da pessoa internada num hospital oncológico; avaliar a fiabilidade do instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodologia: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e metodológico. Amostra de 188 pessoas internados num serviço de cirurgia oncológica entre maio e setembro de 2020, os dados foram colhidos através de formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica, de saúde e instrumento de avaliação da LS. Resultados: O HLS-EU-PT apresentou elevado nível de consistência interna. Todos os domínios e níveis de processamento do instrumento se correlacionam positivamente entre si. Os participantes apresentam em média um nível problemático de LS. Conclusão: Os resultados indiciam a necessidade de um maior investimento na capacitação da LS. São necessários mais estudos nesta e noutras populações e contextos de prestação de cuidados de saúde, de forma a direcionar a prática de cuidados na resposta eficaz aos problemas de saúde.

Abstract Background: Health literacy (HL) is the ability of an individual to obtain and translate information in order to maintain and improve their health. Objective: To characterize the level of HL of patients admitted to an oncology hospital and assess the reliability of the Portuguese version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-PT). Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive, and methodological study. Sample of 188 patients admitted to a surgical oncology unit between May and September 2020. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and health characterization form and a HL assessment tool. Results: The HLS-EU-PT had a high level of internal consistency. All domains and information-processing levels correlated positively with each other. Participants had on average a problematic level of HL. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for greater investment in HL training. Further studies are needed in this population and in other populations and healthcare settings to provide an effective response to health problems.

Resumen Marco contextual: La alfabetización en salud (AS) es la capacidad de una persona para obtener y traducir información con el fin de mantener y mejorar su salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar el nivel de AS de las personas ingresadas en un hospital oncológico; evaluar la fiabilidad del instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodología: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo y metodológico. Muestra de 188 personas ingresadas en un servicio de cirugía oncológica entre mayo y septiembre de 2020, se recogieron datos mediante un formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de salud, y una herramienta de evaluación de AS. Resultados: El HLS-EU-PT mostró un alto nivel de consistencia interna. Todos los dominios y niveles de procesamiento del instrumento correlacionaron positivamente entre sí. Por término medio, los participantes tienen un nivel problemático de AS. Conclusión: Los resultados indican la necesidad de una mayor inversión en formación en AS. Son necesarios más estudios en esta y otras poblaciones, y en entornos sanitarios para orientar la práctica asistencial hacia una respuesta eficaz a los problemas de salud.

Resumo Introdução: Os Neandertais, nossos parentes extintos, exibiam uma morfologia nasal distinta em comparação com o Homo sapiens. Objetivos: Este estudo explora essas diferenças através de uma análise comparativa de medidas nasocranianas. Material e Métodos: Dados sobre as características nasais do Homo Neanderthalensis e Homo Heilderbergensis foram obtidos a partir da literatura paleoantropológica existente, com foco em 16 fósseis. Uma amostra paralela de 38 de crânios de Homo Sapiens foi analisada retrospetivamente mediante tomografia computadorizada (TC), com obtenção de medições relativas à região nasal. Resultados: Os Hominídeos exibiram cavidades nasais significativamente maiores, com distâncias basion-nasion e basion-prosthion aumentadas, dimensões intercaninas maiores e maior largura e altura nasal em comparação com os humanos modernos. A largura coanal e o índice nasal não diferiram significativamente. Conclusões: Esses achados sugerem adaptações funcionais na morfologia nasal neandertal, potencialmente auxiliando na termorregulação em ambientes frios. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para compreender totalmente o significado evolutivo dessas adaptações.

Abstract Introduction: Neanderthals, our extinct relatives, exhibited distinct nasal morphology compared to Homo sapiens. Objectives: This study explores these differences through a comparative analysis of cranionasal measurements. Material and Methods: Data on Neanderthal nasal features were obtained from existing paleoanthropological literature, focusing on 16 hominid fossils. A parallel sample of 38 modern human CT scans was retrospectively reviewed, with measurements focusing on nasal region. Results: Neanderthals displayed significantly larger nasal cavities with increased basion-nasion and basion-prosthion distances, wider intercanine dimensions, and larger nasal breadth and height compared to modern humans. Choanal width and nasal index did not differ significantly. Conclusions: These findings suggest functional adaptations in Neanderthal nasal morphology, potentially aiding in thermoregulation within cold environments. Further research is needed to fully understand the evolutionary significance of these adaptations.

SUMMARY: The anatomical structure of wood from tree species found in floodplain forests can undergo alterations due to seasonal fluctuations in water levels, potentially affecting the volume of wood available for sustainable forest management in inundated areas. Thus, this study aims to characterize the anatomical features of Hura crepitans, Ocotea cymbarum and Eschweilera albiflora, assessing whether these characteristics differ from descriptions reported in previous studies of the same species conducted in other environments. Samples were collected from six adult trees of each species in two sustainable development reserves (SDR), Mamirauá and Amanã, located in the middle Solimões region, state of Amazonas, using a non-destructive method with an increment borer. Two samples were collected from three different heights (0.30, 1.30, and 2.30 m). Microscopic descriptions of the species were determined (porosity, axial parenchyma, rays, fibers, and vessel elements). Two-way factorial ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to verify the differences in the anatomical elements of the wood samples collected at the three heights. The wood of H. crepitans has diffuse porosity, a predominance of solitary vessels, diffuse-in-aggregates, scarce axial parenchyma, non-storied rays, and libriform fibers. The wood of O. cymbarum has solitary vessels in radial multiples, vasicentric axial parenchyma, non-storied rays, and septate fibers. E. albiflora has a radial grouping of vessels, banded parenchyma, and non-storied rays. This study confirms previous descriptions of this species, revealing that its anatomical characteristics remain constant throughout the trunk.

RESUMEN: La estructura anatómica de la madera de las especies de árboles que se encuentran en los bosques de llanuras aluviales puede sufrir alteraciones debido a las fluctuaciones estacionales en los niveles de agua, afectando potencialmente el volumen de madera disponible para el manejo forestal sostenible de las áreas inundadas. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar las características anatómicas de Hura crepitans, Ocotea cymbarum y Eschweilera albiflora, evaluando si estas características difieren de las descripciones reportadas en estudios previos de las mismas especies realizados en otros ambientes. Se recolectaron muestras de seis árboles adultos de cada especie en dos reservas de desarrollo sustentable (RDS), Mamirauá y Amanã, ubicadas en la región media de Solimões, estado de Amazonas, utilizando un método no destructivo con barrenador incremental. Se tomaron dos muestras en cada una de tres alturas diferentes (0,30, 1,30 y 2,30 m). Se determinaron descripciones microscópicas de las especies (porosidad, parénquima axial, radios, fibras y elementos de los vasos). Se utilizó ANOVA factorial de dos vías seguido de la prueba post hoc de Tukey para verificar las diferencias en los elementos anatómicos de las muestras de madera recolectadas en las tres alturas. La madera de H. crepitans tiene porosidad difusa, predominio de vasos solitarios, difusos en agregados y escaso parénquima axial, radios no estratificados y fibras libriformes. La madera de O. cymbarum tiene vasos solitarios en múltiplos radiales, parénquima axial vasicéntrico, radios sin pisos y fibras septadas. La madera de E. albiflora tiene agrupaciones radiales de vasos, parénquima bandeado y radios sin pisos. Este estudio confirma descripciones previas de la especie, revelando que las características anatómicas permanecen sustancialmente constantes en todo el tronco.

Abstract The ‘Blue Book’: a Future for Family Medicine in Portugal, edited in 1990 by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, influenced the subsequent years and built the foundation for the Primary Healthcare Reform, initiated in 2005, but not fully implemented. In the current moment of low professional satisfaction, reviewing the principles that should guide family medicine in the future is important. The family doctor is the individual’s physician, who accompanies people's health throughout their life. Family doctors are specialists in primary healthcare and act according to the core values of family medicine as defined by the WONCA. Their actions form the basis of the health system and are associated with better health outcomes. Therefore, their actions must be centred on the person and the provision of differentiated care, reducing bureaucratic tasks and those with low health value. Physical spaces, equipment, and human resources should be adequately ensured, including the adjustment of the size of patients’ lists to ensure quality and dignified work by the Family Doctor, in every working setting. The Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine advocates for a performance-based remuneration model appropriate to the family doctor’s activity that compensates and prioritizes value-based healthcare, focusing their actions on the individual and reducing inefficiencies and duplications. This model is based on a new, simplified, and modern quality system grounded in the classic Structure - Process - Results framework but considering the dimensions of patient and professional satisfaction and adequately rewarding clinical work, teamwork, and citizen-centeredness. The present document is an adaptation and translation into English of the book 'A New Future for General and Family Medicine', edited by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, in 2023.

Resumo O Livro Azul: um futuro para a Medicina de Família em Portugal, editado em 1990 pela Associação Portuguesa de Médicos de Clínica Geral, marcou os anos seguintes e conceptualizou a Reforma dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários, iniciada em 2005, mas não implementada na totalidade. No momento atual de insatisfação profissional é importante rever os princípios que nortearão a medicina geral e familiar no futuro. O médico de família é Médico da Pessoa. É nessa condição que faz o acompanhamento médico ao longo da sua vida. É especialista em cuidados de saúde primários e atua de acordo com os valores da medicina de família definidos pela WONCA. A sua ação é a base do sistema de saúde em que atua e está associada a melhores resultados de saúde. É, por isso, fundamental que a sua ação seja centralizada na pessoa e na prestação de cuidados diferenciados a esta, reduzindo as tarefas burocráticas e de baixo valor em saúde. Devem ser dadas condições materiais, de espaços físicos e de recursos humanos, incluindo adequação do tamanho das listas para garantir um trabalho digno e de qualidade ao médico de família. A APMGF defende um modelo de remuneração pelo desempenho adequado à atividade do médico de família que compense e priorize o valor em saúde, que centre a sua ação na pessoa e que reduza as ineficiências e duplicações. Este modelo assenta num novo sistema da qualidade simplificado e moderno assente no clássico Estrutura - Processo - Resultados, mas que considere as dimensões de satisfação de utentes e profissionais e que compense adequadamente o trabalho clínico, em equipa e centralidade do cidadão. O presente documento é uma adaptação e tradução para inglês do livro “Um Novo Futuro para a Medicina Geral e Familiar”, editado pela Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar, em 2023.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and hospital length-of-stay in pre-term infants undergoing or not the Kangaroo-Mother Care Method (KMC). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including preterm infants < 1800 g admitted to the neonatal unit of a KMC reference center. The infants were grouped into the KMC group and the non-KMC group. Multiple logistic and Poisson regressions were performed to evaluate the association between the KMC and two outcomes, exclusive breastfeeding at discharge, and hospital length-of-stay, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: 115 mother-infant dyads were included, 78 in the KMC group and 37 in the non-KMC group. In the bivariate analysis, the KMC group had a lower prevalence of maternal adverse conditions (6% vs. 32%, p < 0.001), a higher number of prenatal visits (median 6 vs. 3.5, p < 0.001), higher gestational ages (median 32 vs. 31 weeks, p < 0.05), higher birth weights (median 1530 vs. 1365 g, p < 0.01), a lower prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis (3.8% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.05), parenteral nutrition (50% vs. 73%, p < 0.05), and deep vascular access (49.7% vs. 78.4%, p < 0.01), a higher prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (65% vs. 8%, p < 0.001) and a shorter length of hospital stay (median 28 vs. 42 days, p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, the KMC group was 23 times more likely to be exclusively breastfed at discharge (OR = 23.1; 95% CI = 4,85–109,93) and had a 19% reduction in the hospital length-of-stay (IDR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.76–0.86) compared to the non-KMC group. Conclusions: The KMC is associated with better short-term neonatal outcomes and should be encouraged in all Brazilian maternity hospitals. Objective lengthofstay pre term KangarooMother Kangaroo Mother KMC. . (KMC) Methods 180 center nonKMC non lengthofstay, stay, confounders Results 11 motherinfant mother infant included 7 3 analysis 6% (6 vs 32% 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 0 001 median 35 5 3.5 weeks 0.05, 005 0.05 05 0.05) 153 136 0.01, 0.01 01 0.01) 3.8% 38 8 (3.8 162 16 2 16.2% 50% 50 (50 73 73% 49.7% 497 49 (49.7 784 4 78.4% 65% 65 (65 8% days 0.001. OR 23.1 231 1 95 4,85–109,93 48510993 85 109 93 19 IDR 0.81 081 81 0.76–0.86 076086 76 86 Conclusions shortterm short hospitals (KMC 18 ( 000 0.00 00 3. 0.0 15 13 3.8 (3. 16.2 (5 49.7 (49. 78.4 23. 9 4,85–109,9 4851099 10 0.8 08 0.76–0.8 07608 0. (3 16. 49. (49 78. 4,85–109, 485109 0.76–0. 0760 (4 4,85–109 48510 0.76–0 076 4,85–10 4851 0.76– 07 4,85–1 485 0.76 4,85– 48 0.7 4,85 4,8 4,

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Most professionals working in Occupational Health and Safety have some notions regarding the distribution of Occupational Accidents versus gender, however, not all have had the opportunity to consult reasonably up-to-date data on this subject. The aim of this review was to clearly summarize not only some articles that addressed this subject, but also to have access to national and European statistical data. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. The websites of Pordata and the National Institute of Statistics were also consulted. Content There are anatomical and physiological differences between genders, namely body size and shape, musculature and metabolism, which can modulate certain occupational issues, such as choosing and staying in certain jobs. Incidentally, in the same section of work, sometimes both genders take on different tasks and/or perform them in different ways. 98.8% of accidents in absolute numbers occur in males, as this is obviously much more prevalent in the industrial and construction sectors, areas where there is a higher accident rate. Discussion and Conclusions Accidents at work are more frequent and serious among men, not only due to the type of tasks that exist in positions predominantly assumed by this gender, but also due to the personality and influence of society and culture, which generally encourages more in this context to need to defy danger and/or be more acceptable not following the rules. Adherence to the proposed Safety measures varies with the Perception of Risk and the influence of the work team, management and society. As more of this global interference is taken into account, the greater the ability of the Occupational Health and Safety team to mitigate the incidence and severity of Occupational Accidents and thus obtain a safer workplace, and these measures must be different between the male and female sexes.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A generalidade dos profissionais a exercer na Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais tem algumas noções relativas à distribuição dos Acidentes Laborais versus sexo, contudo, nem todos terão tido oportunidade de consultar dados razoavelmente atualizados sobre esse assunto. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir de forma clara, não só alguns artigos que abordassem este assunto, como também ter acesso a dados estatísticos nacionais e europeus nesta área. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em maio de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Foram também consultados os sites da Pordata e do Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Conteúdo Existem diferenças anátomo-fisiológicas entre os géneros, nomeadamente tamanho e formato corporal, musculatura e metabolização, que podem modular determinadas questões ocupacionais, como a escolha e permanência em alguns postos laborais. Aliás, na mesma secção de trabalho, por vezes os dois géneros assumem tarefas diferentes e/ou executam-nas de formas diversas. Em números absolutos, 98,8% dos acidentes ocorrem no sexo masculino, por este ser obviamente muito mais prevalente nos setores industrial e da construção, áreas essas onde existe uma maior sinistralidade. Discussão e Conclusões Os acidentes de trabalho são mais frequentes e graves no sexo masculino, não só devido ao tipo de tarefas que existem nos postos assumidos predominantemente por este género, mas também devido à personalidade e influência da sociedade e cultura que, geralmente, incentiva mais neste contexto a necessidade de desafiar o perigo e/ou ser mais aceitável não cumprir as regras. A adesão às medidas de Segurança propostas varia com a Perceção de Risco e a influência da equipa de trabalho, chefia e sociedade. Quanto mais esta globalidade de interferências for levada em conta, maior a capacidade da equipa de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais para atenuar a incidência e gravidade dos Acidentes Laborais e assim se obter um local de trabalho mais seguro, sendo que essas medidas deverão ser distintas entre os sexos masculino e feminino.

Abstract Sever’s disease, or calcaneal apophysitis, results from a local inflammatory process at the calcaneal growth plate and is one of the most common causes of disabling heel pain in physically active children. Herein is described the case of a ten-year-old child with chronic insidious pain in the left heel associated with physical activity. Physical examination led to the diagnosis of Sever’s disease. After appropriate treatment, a marked improvement in the child’s clinical status was noted. As a common cause of heel pain in children, this condition can be identified and diagnosed in primary care, with the family physician being responsible for its management and explaining its benign nature.

Resumo A doença de Sever, ou apofisite do calcâneo, resulta de um processo inflamatório local a nível da placa de crescimento do calcâneo e representa uma das causas mais comuns de dor incapacitante no calcanhar em crianças fisicamente ativas. É apresentado o caso de uma criança de dez anos com dor crónica e insidiosa do calcanhar esquerdo associada à prática de atividade física. O exame objetivo corroborou o diagnóstico de doença de Sever. Após tratamento adequado, verificou-se uma clara melhoria do estado clínico da criança. Sendo uma causa comum de dor no calcanhar em crianças, esta patologia pode ser encontrada e identificada nos cuidados primários, sendo a abordagem e explicação da sua natureza benigna da responsabilidade do médico de família.

Abstract On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the Covid-19 pandemic, making the media a primary resource for public health agents. The mediatic agenda, however, was not limited to the pandemic. Migrations were also present and, in a context of health crisis, they are an important object of study to analyze. Being a virus whose spread began in China, it undoubtedly returned to the public debate the binomial ‘Us’ and ‘Them’, characteristic of discourses about migrants (Boréus, 2020; Cohen, 2011; Cottle, 2006). Therefore, we intend to evaluate how immigrants and ethnic minorities were represented during the first year of the pandemic, in the Portuguese weekly press, and what influence the pandemic had on coverage of the topic. We carried out a quantitative content analysis on the corpus collected in the newspaper Expresso and the newsmagazine Sábado, consisting of 296 pieces. We conclude that the topic remains present on the news agenda, even with the prevalence of the pandemic.

Resumo A 11 de março de 2020, a OMS declarou a pandemia de Covid-19, tornando-se os media um recurso de primeira necessidade para agentes de saúde pública. O universo mediático não se reduziu, no entanto, à pandemia. As migrações também estiveram presentes e, num contexto de crise sanitária, são um objeto de estudo importante de analisar. Sendo um vírus cuja propagação se iniciou na China fez regressar indubitavelmente ao debate público o binómio ‘Nós’ e ‘Eles’, característico dos discursos sobre migrantes (Boréus, 2020; Cohen, 2011; Cottle, 2006). Assim, pretendemos avaliar como foram representados os imigrantes e minorias étnicas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia, na imprensa semanal portuguesa, e qual a influência da pandemia na cobertura da temática. Realizamos uma análise de conteúdo quantitativa ao corpus recolhido no jornal Expresso e na revista Sábado composto por 296 peças. Concluímos que a temática se mantém presente na agenda noticiosa, mesmo com a prevalência da pandemia.

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: Oral food challenges (OFC) are the gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergy. The aim of this study was to characterize and analyze the OFCs performed in the Pediatric Department of the study hospital. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent OFCs in the pediatric department of the study hospital from October 2016 to December 2021. All non-IgE-mediated reactions were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences®. Results: A total of 301 OFCs were performed on a total of 172 patients during the study period. Most patients were preschool children (<6 years; 79.4%) and 40.1% had more than one OFC. The most frequently tested allergens were hen’s egg (26.2%), tree nuts (16.9%), and cow’s milk (16.7%). The positivity rate was 23.2%. Tests for milk and wheat were significantly associated with a positive result. The main reason for OFC testing was to establish a diagnosis (60.1%), but also to assess tolerance (25.6%) and to document the responsiveness threshold (14.3%). Most positive reactions were local/grade I (25.7%) or moderate/grade II (58.6%). Patients with a personal history of atopic comorbidities were more likely to have a positive test result (p=0.022), especially those with atopic dermatitis (p=0.022). Discussion and Conclusion: Most OFCs in this analysis were negative. Early recognition of food allergy resolution is essential to prevent unnecessary allergen avoidance. An increased risk of positive reactions to milk or wheat, or in the setting of a personal history of atopic dermatitis, should be considered.

Resumo Introdução e Objetivos: A prova de provocação oral é o gold standard para o diagnóstico de alergia alimentar. Este estudo pretendeu caracterizar e analisar as provas efetuadas no Serviço de Pediatria de um hospital de nível II. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo dos doentes submetidos a provas de provocação oral entre outubro 2016 e dezembro 2021 num hospital de nível II. As reações não mediadas por IgE foram excluídas. A análise estatística foi realizada através do software IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences®. Resultados: Foram realizadas 301 provas num total de 172 doentes. A maioria dos doentes eram crianças com idade <6 anos (79,4%) e 40,1% realizou duas ou mais provas. Os alergénios mais frequentemente testados foram ovo (26,2%), frutos secos (16,9%) e leite de vaca (16,7%). Constatou-se que 23,2% das provas foram positivas. Verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre as provas realizadas para o leite e trigo e a obtenção de um resultado positivo. Relativamente ao objetivo das provas, 60,1% destinavam-se a estabelecer o diagnóstico, 25,6% a avaliar a tolerância e 14,3% a documentar o limiar de reatividade. A maioria das reações positivas foram locais/grau I (25,7%) ou moderadas/grau II (58,6%). Foi identificada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre antecedentes de atopia e um resultado positivo nas provas (p=0,022), particularmente antecedentes de dermatite atópica (p=0,022). Discussão: A maioria das provas realizadas foram negativas. O reconhecimento atempado da resolução de uma alergia alimentar permite suspender a evicção desnecessária de alergénios suspeitos. Deve ser considerado o risco acrescido de uma reação positiva com leite, trigo ou em contexto de antecedentes pessoais de dermatite atópica.

Resumo Blue Thinking é um conceito e metodologia por detrás da Blue Design Alliance. Um novo programa de formação superior avançada focado na valorização dos recursos hídricos, oceânicos e fluviais, assim como na sustentabilidade social e ambiental através da aplicação de ferramentas e metodologias do design. A ESAD - Escola Superior de Artes e Design apresenta-se como promotora da Blue Design Alliance - uma aliança entre quatro instituições de ensino superior dedicadas a um dos recursos mais preciosos do nosso planeta: a água. Este programa apresenta uma oferta formativa financiada e inovadora, através da utilização do design como impulsionador para uma vida mais sustentável. A proximidade do mar, a crescente preocupação com as alterações climáticas e a necessidade urgente em adotar práticas mais sustentáveis e responsáveis foram os principais motivos para a criação da Blue Design Alliance, cuja missão é contribuir para a formação de competências ligadas à economia azul. Neste artigo descreve-se, no âmbito da oferta formativa, a sua metodologia orientada para a prática e direcionada para o percurso profissional dos formandos e com uma clara preocupação com a sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas.

Abstract Blue Thinking. intends to present the methodology and concept behind the 'Blue Design Alliance'. A new advanced higher education program focused on the valorization of water, oceanic and river resources, and social and environmental sustainability through design. ESAD - College of Art and Design is mobilizing as a promoter of the 'Blue Design Alliance' - an alliance between four institutions offering higher education dedicated to one of our planet's most precious resources: water. This program presents a funded and innovative training offer, through the use of design for sustainable living. The proximity of the sea, the growing concern about climate change and the urgent need to adopt more sustainable and responsible practices were the main reasons for the creation of the 'Blue Design Alliance', whose mission is to contribute to the training of skills linked to the blue economy. This article intends to elaborate on the practice-oriented methodology, geared towards the trainees' professional career and with a clear concern for the sustainability of ecosystems.

RESUMEN Introducción: La deglución es una actividad compleja y de carácter evolutivo, que requiere de una atención estomatológica adecuada para mantener el equilibrio del sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: Identificar las insuficiencias en la atención estomatológica integral del nivel primario ante trastornos de la deglución en niños. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, con enfoque mixto, de 24 estomatólogos generales integrales de la Clínica Estomatológica Victoria de Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara, que se encontraban laborando durante enero-marzo del 2023 y tenían más de 3 años de experiencia profesional, para lo cual se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Se efectuó el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de los datos mediante el empleo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: En los documentos normativos-metodológicos revisados no están reflejadas de forma explícita todas las actividades de promoción y prevención, así como los aspectos necesarios para el diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados de pacientes con alteraciones de la deglución. La mayoría de los encuestados (83,3 %) identificó la deglución como un hábito; en tanto, entre los factores medioambientales condicionantes, hubo poco reconocimiento de la posición del niño al comer (20,8 %), del uso de la cuchara y el vaso (29,1 %) y de la respiración nasal (33,3 %). Igualmente, 50,0 % de la muestra presentó un nivel medio de conocimientos. Conclusiones: Existen insuficiencias en la atención estomatológica integral en el nivel primario ante trastornos de la deglución en niños.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Deglutition is a complex activity of evolutionary character that requires of an appropriate stomatologic care to maintain the balance of the stomatognathic system. Objective: To identify inadequacies in the comprehensive stomatologic care to children with deglutition disorders in primary health care. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, with mixed approach, of 24 comprehensive general stomatologists from Victoria Stomatologic Clinic in Santa Clara, Villa Clara province that were working during January-March, 2023 and had more than 3 years of professional experience, for which theoretical and empiric methods were used. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data was carried out by means of the absolute and relative frequencies. Results: In the revised normative-methodological documents are not explicitly reflected all the promotion and prevention activities, as well as the necessary aspects for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with deglutition disorders. Most of those interviewed (83.3%) identified deglutition as a habit; as long as, among the determining environmental factors there was little recognition of the kid position when eating (20.8 %), the use of tablespoon and glass (29.1 %) and nasal respiration (33.3 %). Equally, 50.0 % of the sample presented a medium level of knowledge. Conclusions: There are inadequacies in the comprehensive stomatologic care to children with deglutition disorders in primary health care.

ABSTRACT Cuba has worked on the development of photovoltaic energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The residential sector has embraced the modality of installing solar panels on the roofs of their homes in order to reduce their rates. Unconsumed energy can be sold to the national electrical grid. In the study, through scenario analysis, with the Homer Pro, the approximate time to recover the initial investment and obtain profits was determined by evaluating its technical-economic viability with the objective of recovering the investment in 7 to 8 years. At provide a clear vision of how the study, when considering local conditions and needs, offers specific recommendations on adjusting tariffs to encourage investment in solar energy and highlights its relevance within the Havana context, so that prosumers can recover their investment in solar energy less time.

RESUMEN Cuba ha trabajado en el desarrollo de la energía fotovoltaica para disminuir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles. El sector residencial ha acogido la modalidad de instalar paneles solares en los techos de sus hogares con el fin de reducir sus tarifas. La energía no consumida puede ser vendida a la red eléctrica nacional. En el estudio, a través del análisis de escenarios, con el Homer Pro, se determinó el tiempo aproximado para recuperar la inversión inicial y obtener ganancias al evaluar su viabilidad técnico-económica con el objetivo de recuperar la inversión en 7 a 8 años. Al brindarse una visión clara de cómo el estudio, al considerar las condiciones y necesidades locales, ofrece recomendaciones específicas sobre el ajuste de tarifas para incentivar la inversión en energía solar y resalta su relevancia dentro del contexto habanero, de modo que los prosumidores puedan recuperar su inversión en menor tiempo.