ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher’s exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria. UTI (UTI treatment crosssectional cross sectional 201 2020 1528 1 528 1,52 tabulated age Gramnegative Gram negative comparisons Chisquare Chi square performed Fishers Fisher s BioEstat program 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 9044 44 90.44 sexes E 0.0001. 00001 0.0001 0001 0.0001) aminoglycosides carbapenems ceftazidime nitrofurantoin piperacillintazobactam piperacillin tazobactam piperacillin+tazobactam 20 20% 9 multidrugresistant resistant 202 152 52 1,5 00 0.0 904 4 90.4 0000 0.000 000 2 15 5 1, 0. 90. 0.00

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar tendencia de Internaciones por Condiciones Sensibles a la Atención Primaria por sexo en Distrito Federal desde 2009 a 2019. Métodos: estudio ecológico de tendencia con datos de ICSAP disponibles en el Sistema de Internaciones Hospitalarias del Sistema Único de Salud. Utilizado método de Prais-Winsten para el cálculo de la variación porcentual anual de las tasas. La variable dependiente fue el logaritmo de las tasas, y la independiente, los años de la serie temporal. Resultados: Distrito Federal registró 2.103.951 internaciones generales, siendo 16,4% Internaciones por Condiciones Sensibles a la Atención Primaria. El sexo masculino obtuvo la mayor tasa de internación en todo el periodo y hubo tendencia estacionaria tanto para el sexo masculino mientras el femenino. Conclusiones: las tendencias temporales de las Internaciones por Condiciones Sensibles a la Atención Ambulatoria mostradas estacionarias, pero resaltada la necesidad de estudios de correlación con la cobertura de la atención primaria de salud. Objetivos 200 2019 Métodos Salud PraisWinsten Prais Winsten tasas independiente temporal Resultados 2103951 2 103 951 2.103.95 generales 164 16 4 16,4 femenino Conclusiones estacionarias salud 20 201 210395 10 95 2.103.9 1 16, 21039 9 2.103. 2103 2.103 210 2.10 21 2.1 2.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the trend, according to sex, of Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions in the Primary Health Care of the Federal District, from 2009 to 2019. Methods: ecological trend study using ACSC hospitalization data available in the Hospitalization System of the Single Health System. The Prais-Winsten method was used to calculate the annual rate variation, expressed in percentages. The dependent variable was the logarithm of the rates, and the independent one, the years in the time series. Results: the Federal District registered 2,103,951 general hospitalizations, 16.4% of which were due to Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions. Males had a higher rate of hospitalization in the period, and both sexes showed a stationary trend. Conclusions: the time trend of Ambulatory Care- Sensitive Conditions was stationary, but further studies are necessary regarding primary health care coverage. Objectives sex CareSensitive 200 2019 Methods PraisWinsten Prais Winsten variation percentages rates one series Results 2103951 2 103 951 2,103,95 hospitalizations 164 16 4 16.4 period Conclusions coverage 20 201 210395 10 95 2,103,9 1 16. 21039 9 2,103, 2103 2,103 210 2,10 21 2,1 2,

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a tendência das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária por sexo no Distrito Federal, no período de 2009 a 2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico de tendência com dados de ICSAP disponíveis no Sistema de Internações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Utilizou-se o método de Prais-Winsten para o cálculo da variação percentual anual das taxas. A variável dependente foi o logaritmo das taxas; e a variável independente, os anos da série temporal. Resultados: o Distrito Federal registrou 2.103.951 internações gerais, sendo 16,4% Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária. O sexo masculino obteve a maior taxa de internação em todo o período, e houve tendência estacionária tanto para o sexo masculino quanto para o sexo feminino. Conclusões: as tendências temporais das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária mostraram-se estacionárias, porém ressalta-se a necessidade de estudos de correlação com a cobertura da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Objetivos 200 2019 Métodos Saúde Utilizouse Utilizou se PraisWinsten Prais Winsten taxas independente temporal Resultados 2103951 2 103 951 2.103.95 gerais 164 16 4 16,4 feminino Conclusões mostraramse mostraram estacionárias ressaltase ressalta 20 201 210395 10 95 2.103.9 1 16, 21039 9 2.103. 2103 2.103 210 2.10 21 2.1 2.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Construir uma base integrada de dados individuais e dos serviços da coorte de pessoas que iniciaram terapia antirretroviral (TARV) entre 2015 e 2018 no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo de coorte aberta que incluiu pessoas de 15 anos ou mais que iniciaram TARV entre 2015 e 2018, com acompanhamento em serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), e que responderam ao inquérito nacional Qualiaids de 2016/2017. A fonte de dados individuais foi o banco relacionado do HIV, proveniente do relacionamento probabilístico entre dados dos sistemas de informação de diagnóstico, medicação, exames e óbitos do SUS. A fonte de dados dos serviços foi o banco de respostas dos serviços ao inquérito Qualiaids. Após análise de consistência e exclusões, o banco dos indivíduos foi relacionado deterministicamente com o banco de serviços. RESULTADOS A coorte reuniu 132.540 pessoas acompanhadas em 941 serviços do SUS. Desses serviços, 59% localizam-se na região Sudeste e 49% acompanharam 51 a 500 participantes da coorte. O desempenho médio de organização e gerência da assistência ao paciente variou de 29% a 75%. A maioria dos participantes da coorte é do sexo masculino, preto e pardo, com idade entre 20 e 39 anos e tem entre 4 e 11 anos de escolaridade. O T-CD4 mediano basal foi de 419 células/mm3, 6% tiveram episódio de tuberculose e 2% foram a óbito por doença do HIV. CONCLUSÃO A coorte oportuniza pela primeira vez no Brasil a análise conjunta de fatores individuais e dos serviços na produção dos desfechos clínicos positivos e negativos do tratamento do HIV. (TARV 201 1 SUS, SUS , (SUS) 20162017 2016 2017 2016/2017 HIV diagnóstico medicação exclusões 132540 132 540 132.54 94 59 localizamse localizam se 49 5 50 29 75 75% masculino pardo 2 3 escolaridade TCD4 TCD T CD4 CD T-CD 41 célulasmm3 célulasmm células mm3 mm células/mm3 6 (SUS 2016201 2016/201 13254 13 54 132.5 9 7 células/mm 201620 2016/20 1325 132. 20162 2016/2 2016/

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To build an integrated database of individual and service data from the cohort of people who started antiretroviral therapy (ART), from 2015 to 2018, in Brazil. METHODS Open cohort study that includes people aged 15 years or older who started ART from 2015 to 2018, with follow-up in services of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and who responded to the 2016/2017 Qualiaids national survey. The source of individual data was the related HIV database, derived from the probabilistic linkage between data from the SUS systems of diagnostic information, medication, tests, and deaths. The data source for the services was the services’ response database to the Qualiaids survey. After analysis of consistency and exclusions, the database of individuals was deterministically related to the database of services. RESULTS The cohort comprised 132,540 people monitored in 941 SUS services. Of these services, 59% are located in the Southeast region and 49% followed 51 to 500 cohort participants. The average performance of organization and management of patient care ranged from 29% to 75%. Most of the cohort participants are male, black and mixed, aged between 20 and 39 years old, and have between 4 and 11 years of schooling. Median baseline T-CD4 was 419 cells/mm3, 6% had an episode of tuberculosis, and 2% died of HIV disease. CONCLUSION For the first time in Brazil, this cohort provides the opportunity for a joint analysis of individual factors and services in the production of positive and negative clinical outcomes of HIV treatment. ART, , (ART) 201 2018 Brazil 1 followup follow up SUS, (SUS) 20162017 2016 2017 2016/201 survey information medication tests deaths exclusions 132540 132 540 132,54 94 59 49 5 50 29 75 75% male mixed 2 3 old schooling TCD4 TCD T CD4 CD T-CD 41 cellsmm3 cellsmm cells mm3 mm cells/mm3 6 tuberculosis disease treatment (ART (SUS 2016201 2016/20 13254 13 54 132,5 9 7 cells/mm 201620 2016/2 1325 132, 20162 2016/

ABSTRACT Objective The incidence of thrombotic events and acute kidney injury is high in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate and compare the coagulation profiles of patients with COVID-19 developing acute kidney injury versus those who did not, during their intensive care unit stay. Methods Conventional coagulation and platelet function tests, fibrinolysis, endogenous inhibitors of coagulation tests, and rotational thromboelastometry were conducted on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 following intensive care unit admission. Results Out of 30 patients included, 13 (43.4%) met the criteria for acute kidney injury. Comparing both groups, patients with acute kidney injury were older: 73 (60-84) versus 54 (47-64) years, p=0.027, and had a lower baseline glomerular filtration rate: 70 (51-81) versus 93 (83-106) mL/min/1.73m2, p=0.004. On day 1, D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were elevated but similar between groups: 1780 (1319-5517) versus 1794 (726-2324) ng/mL, p=0.145 and 608 (550-700) versus 642 (469-722) g/dL, p=0.95, respectively. Rotational thromboelastometry data were also similar between groups. However, antithrombin activity and protein C levels were lower in patients who developed acute kidney injury: 82 (75-92) versus 98 (90-116), p=0.028 and 70 (52-82) versus 88 (78-101) µ/mL, p=0.038, respectively. Mean protein C levels were lower in the group with acute kidney injury across multiple time points during their stay in the intensive care unit. Conclusion Critically ill patients experiencing acute kidney injury exhibited lower endogenous anticoagulant levels. Further studies are needed to understand the role of natural anticoagulants in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury within this population. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-1 not tests fibrinolysis 0 1 3 7 admission included 43.4% 434 43 4 (43.4% groups older 6084 60 84 (60-84 5 4764 47 64 (47-64 years p0027 p 027 p=0.027 rate 5181 51 81 (51-81 9 83106 83 106 (83-106 mLmin173m2 mLminm mL min 73m2 m mL/min/1.73m2 p0004 004 p=0.004 Ddimer D dimer 178 13195517 1319 5517 (1319-5517 179 7262324 726 2324 (726-2324 ngmL ng ng/mL p0145 145 p=0.14 550700 550 700 (550-700 469722 469 722 (469-722 gdL g dL g/dL p095 95 p=0.95 respectively However 8 7592 75 92 (75-92 90116, 90116 90 116 , (90-116) p0028 028 p=0.02 5282 52 (52-82 78101 78 101 (78-101 µmL µ µ/mL p0038 038 p=0.038 population COVID1 COVID- 43.4 (43.4 6 (60-8 476 (47-6 p002 02 518 (51-8 8310 10 (83-10 mLmin mLmin173m 73m mL/min/1.73m p000 00 p=0.00 17 1319551 131 551 (1319-551 726232 72 232 (726-232 p014 p=0.1 55070 55 (550-70 46972 46 (469-72 p09 p=0.9 759 (75-9 9011 11 (90-116 p=0.0 528 (52-8 7810 (78-10 p003 03 p=0.03 43. (43. (60- (47- p00 (51- 831 (83-1 131955 (1319-55 72623 23 (726-23 p01 p=0. 5507 (550-7 4697 (469-7 p0 (75- 901 (90-11 (52- 781 (78-1 (43 (60 (47 (51 (83- 13195 (1319-5 7262 2 (726-2 p=0 (550- (469- (75 (90-1 (52 (78- (4 (6 (5 (83 (1319- (726- p= (550 (469 (7 (90- (78 ( (8 (1319 (726 (55 (46 (90 (131 (72 (9 (13 (1

RESUMO OBJETIVO Construir uma base integrada de dados individuais e dos serviços da coorte de pessoas que iniciaram terapia antirretroviral (TARV) entre 2015 e 2018 no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo de coorte aberta que incluiu pessoas de 15 anos ou mais que iniciaram TARV entre 2015 e 2018, com acompanhamento em serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), e que responderam ao inquérito nacional Qualiaids de 2016/2017. A fonte de dados individuais foi o banco relacionado do HIV, proveniente do relacionamento probabilístico entre dados dos sistemas de informação de diagnóstico, medicação, exames e óbitos do SUS. A fonte de dados dos serviços foi o banco de respostas dos serviços ao inquérito Qualiaids. Após análise de consistência e exclusões, o banco dos indivíduos foi relacionado deterministicamente com o banco de serviços. RESULTADOS A coorte reuniu 132.540 pessoas acompanhadas em 941 serviços do SUS. Desses serviços, 59% localizam-se na região Sudeste e 49% acompanharam 51 a 500 participantes da coorte. O desempenho médio de organização e gerência da assistência ao paciente variou de 29% a 75%. A maioria dos participantes da coorte é do sexo masculino, preto e pardo, com idade entre 20 e 39 anos e tem entre 4 e 11 anos de escolaridade. O T-CD4 mediano basal foi de 419 células/mm3, 6% tiveram episódio de tuberculose e 2% foram a óbito por doença do HIV. CONCLUSÃO A coorte oportuniza pela primeira vez no Brasil a análise conjunta de fatores individuais e dos serviços na produção dos desfechos clínicos positivos e negativos do tratamento do HIV.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To build an integrated database of individual and service data from the cohort of people who started antiretroviral therapy (ART), from 2015 to 2018, in Brazil. METHODS Open cohort study that includes people aged 15 years or older who started ART from 2015 to 2018, with follow-up in services of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and who responded to the 2016/2017 Qualiaids national survey. The source of individual data was the related HIV database, derived from the probabilistic linkage between data from the SUS systems of diagnostic information, medication, tests, and deaths. The data source for the services was the services’ response database to the Qualiaids survey. After analysis of consistency and exclusions, the database of individuals was deterministically related to the database of services. RESULTS The cohort comprised 132,540 people monitored in 941 SUS services. Of these services, 59% are located in the Southeast region and 49% followed 51 to 500 cohort participants. The average performance of organization and management of patient care ranged from 29% to 75%. Most of the cohort participants are male, black and mixed, aged between 20 and 39 years old, and have between 4 and 11 years of schooling. Median baseline T-CD4 was 419 cells/mm3, 6% had an episode of tuberculosis, and 2% died of HIV disease. CONCLUSION For the first time in Brazil, this cohort provides the opportunity for a joint analysis of individual factors and services in the production of positive and negative clinical outcomes of HIV treatment.

Abstract Introduction Leg ulcers (LUs) are relatively common in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). The role of inflammation and nitric oxide (NO) pathways in the pathophysiology of the LU is not understood. Objective The aim of this study was to verify the association between inflammatory molecules and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and the occurrence of the LU in patients with SCA. Method It was a cross-sectional study on adult participants with SCA followed at Fundação Hemominas, a public blood center in Brazil. Eligible participants were recruited and included in one of two groups: Group 1, comprised of cases with SCA (Hb SS) and at least one LU at the time of inclusion in the study and Group 2, comprised of controls with SCA without a history of LU, matched by sex and age to cases. Participants were interviewed to obtain sociodemographic data and blood samples were collected. Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted from medical records. Nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and inflammatory molecules were quantified using an immunoassay and Multiplex xMAP® technology, respectively. Eighty-seven individuals were included, ranging in age from 17 to 61 years (mean 40 ± 10.7 years); 30 had LU and 57 were controls without LU. Results Participants with LU had significantly higher levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-15, NOx and platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts, when compared to those without LU. Participants with LU had a significantly higher risk of having a history of osteomyelitis and a higher use of antiseptic soap in bathing, when compared to those without LU. Conclusion In conclusion, our results showed that NOx, inflammatory molecules and hematological features were associated with LU in Brazilian adults with SCA.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as características do estigma percebidas na experiência de homens que vivenciaram a COVID-19. Método: estudo qualitativo, que envolveu homens residentes no Brasil diagnosticados com COVID-19, os quais responderam a questões semiestruturadas em formulário online. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e lexical, interpretados à luz da teoria do estigma. Resultados: participaram 92 homens, adultos, cisgêneros, heterossexuais, de raça/cor parda, pertencentes à classe média, residentes na área urbana, com nível superior. As características do estigma evidenciadas foram aocorrência de afastamento, percepção do tratamento descortês, aplicação de rótulos e discriminação advindas de colegas de trabalho, familiares, vizinhos e até mesmo profissionais de saúde, com consequências para a dimensão psicoemocional. Considerações finais: discriminação e exclusão derivada do estigma surpreenderam homens marcados por privilégios de classe e gênero, pouco habituados a serem rebaixados nas interações, quando comparado a outros grupos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the stigma characteristics perceived in the experience of men who had COVID-19. Method: this qualitative study involved men living in Brazil, diagnosed with COVID-19, who answered semi-structured questions in an online form. Data were subjected to thematic and lexical analysis, interpreted in the light of the stigma theory. Results: 92 men, adults, cisgender, heterosexual, of mixed race/color, belonging to middle class, living in the urban area, with higher education participated. The stigma characteristics evidenced were the occurrence of leave, perception of impolite treatment, use of labels and discrimination by co-workers, family members, neighbors and even healthcare professionals, with consequences for the psycho-emotional dimension. Final considerations: discrimination and exclusion derived from stigma surprised men marked by class and gender privileges, little used to being downgraded in interactions when compared to other groups.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las características del estigma percibido en la experiencia de hombres que experimentaron COVID-19. Método: estudio cualitativo con hombres residentes en Brasil diagnosticados de COVID-19, quienes respondieron preguntas semiestructuradas en forma online. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis temático y léxico, interpretados a la luz de la teoría del estigma. Resultados: participaron 92 hombres, adultos, cisgénero, heterosexuales, de raza/color morena, pertenecientes a la clase media, residentes en el área urbana, con educación superior. Las características del estigma evidenciadas fueron la ocurrencia de bajas, percepción de trato descortés, aplicación de etiquetas y discriminación derivada de compañeros de trabajo, familiares, vecinos e incluso profesionales de la salud, con consecuencias para la dimensión psicoemocional. Consideraciones finales: la discriminación y la exclusión derivada del estigma sorprendió a los hombres marcados por privilegios de clase y género, poco acostumbrados a ser degradados en las interacciones, en comparación con otros grupos.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a tendência de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em pediatria no Distrito Federal, no período de 2008 a 2018. Método: estudo de séries temporais com dados do Distrito Federal, Brasil, na faixa etária de 0-14 anos, entre 2008 e 2018. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, com os quais foram realizadas análises de tendência dos grupos mais frequentes. Resultados: houve tendência de aumento significante nas internações, na faixa etária do estudo, cuja variação percentual anual foi de 1,42% e intervalo de confiança entre 0,05 e 2,81. Quatro grupos de causas de internação e diagnósticos foram mais frequentes no período: pneumonias bacterianas, gastroenterites infecciosas e complicações, doenças pulmonares e asma. Entre os grupos mais frequentes, considerando o período do estudo, houve tendência de aumento significante nas doenças pulmonares (15,71%; 12,40 e 19,12); tendência de redução significante nas gastroenterites infecciosas e complicações (-5,35%; -8,01 e 2,61); e tendência estacionária nas pneumonias bacterianas (-0,43%; -3,80 e 3,07) e asma (3,82%; 0,57 e 8,40). Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir no planejamento, avaliação e monitoramento das ações da atenção primária, visto que este indicador se propõe a avaliar indiretamente acesso e efetividade desse nível de atenção. Nesse sentido, considerando os resultados da análise de tendência realizada, pode-se concluir que os mesmos não refletem, ainda, os resultados esperados com a ampliação da cobertura de ESF.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the trend of hospitalizations due to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Pediatrics in Distrito Federal, during the 2008-2018 period. Method: a time series study conducted between 2008 and 2018 with data from Distrito Federal, Brazil, in the age group from 0 to 14 years old. The data were collected in the SUS Hospital Information System, and they were used to perform trend analyses of the most frequent groups. Results: there was a trend towards a significant increase in hospitalizations in the age group studied, with an annual percentage variation of 1.42% and a confidence interval between 0.05 and 2.81. Four groups of reasons for hospitalization and diagnoses were more frequent in the period, namely: bacterial pneumonias, infectious gastroenteritis and complications, pulmonary diseases, and asthma. Among the most frequent groups, considering the study period, there was a trend towards a significant increase in pulmonary diseases (15.71%; 12.40 and 19.12); a trend towards a significant reduction in infectious gastroenteritis and complications (-5.35%; -8.01 and 2.61); and a stationary trend in bacterial pneumonias (-0.43%; -3.80 and 3.07) and asthma (3.82%; 0.57 and 8.40). Conclusion: the results of this study can contribute to the planning, evaluation and monitoring of primary care actions, as this indicator aims at indirectly evaluating access and effectiveness of this care level. In this sense, considering the results of the trend analysis performed, it can be concluded that they do not yet reflect the expected results with the expansion of FHS coverage.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la tendencia de las internaciones por patologías pasibles de atención primaria en Pediatría en el Distrito Federal, en el período de 2008 a 2018. Método: estudio de series temporales con datos del Distrito Federal, Brasil, en el grupo etario de 0 a 14 años, realizado entre 2008 y 2018. Los dados se recolectaron desde el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del SUS, con los cuales se realizaron análisis de tendencia de los grupos más frecuentes. Resultados: se registró una significativa tendencia de aumento en las internaciones, dentro del grupo etario del estudio, cuya variación porcentual anual fue del 1,42% con un intervalo de confianza entre 0,05 y 2,81. Cuatro grupos de causas de internación y diagnósticos fueron más frecuentes en el período, a saber: neumonías bacterianas, gastroenteritis infecciosas y complicaciones, enfermedades pulmonares y asma. Entre los grupos más frecuentes, considerando el período del estudio, hubo una significativa tendencia de aumento en las enfermedades pulmonares (15,71%; 12,40 y 19,12); así como una significativa tendencia decreciente en las gastroenteritis infecciosas y complicaciones (-5,35%; -8,01 y 2,61) y una tendencia estacionaria en las neumonías bacterianas (-0,43%; -3,80 y 3,07) y en el asma (3,82%; 0,57 y 8,40). Conclusión: los resultados de este estudio pueden contribuir en la planificación, la evaluación y el control de las acciones en atención primaria, ya que la intención de este es evaluar indirectamente el acceso y la efectividad de este nivel de atención. En este sentido, y considerando los resultados del análisis de tendencia realizado, se puede concluir que dichos resultados todavía no reflejan los esperados con la ampliación de la cobertura de la ESF.

Abstract The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize a freeze-dried powder of taioba leaves (Xanthosoma taioba) as a source of bioactive substances and potential food applications. The fresh leaves were cooked and lyophilized for further analysis. Its bioactive contents expressed in flavonoids, ascorbic acid and total polyphenols were quantified. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) was determined by ABTS assays. The chemical composition via infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and its microstructure were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bioactive contents of flavonoids, ascorbic acid and polyphenols were 17.15 mg/100 g, 58.3 mg/100 g and 24.15 mg Eq. of gallic acid/100 g, respectively. A high content of TAA was found. ABTS 37.35 (µg TE/g). The FTIR spectrum revealed high-intensity bands at 3350 cm-1, 2928 cm-1, 1637 cm-1, and 1055 cm-1 related to vibrations associated with typical bands of −OH groups present in cellulose membranes, hemicellulose, carbohydrates, lignin and water. The micrographs showed irregular structures of the ground leaves with a fibrous structure. These results indicate a high potential of this raw material in food formulations as a source of bioactives suitable for applications in various industrial segments.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO A aterosclerose cerebral é a principal causa de lesões que contribuem para o comprometimento cognitivo vascular (CCV) e demência vascular, seguida da arteriosclerose de pequenos vasos e da angiopatia amiloide cerebral. Sendo assim, este estudo comparou as alterações radiológicas post mortem de adultos autopsiados com as alterações macroscópicas na região posterior desses encéfalos a fim de estabelecer uma relação entre as duas formas de análise e discutir sobre a relevância da prevenção do CCV em pacientes com aterosclerose encefálica. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Treze encéfalos foram analisados macroscopicamente para avaliar o grau de aterosclerose das artérias basilar e cerebral posterior. Os pacientes foram autopsiados na disciplina de Patologia Geral no HC-UFTM em Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A análise qualitativa da aterosclerose foi realizada com as classificações discreta, moderada ou acentuada. A espessura dos giros e a largura dos sulcos na região posterior dos encéfalos foram analisadas macroscopicamente e por tomografia computadorizada. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO Houve diminuição na largura do sulco calcarino e aumento na espessura do giro occipital temporal medial de acordo com o aumento do grau de aterosclerose macroscopicamente e por tomografia, respectivamente. A baixa oxigenação causada pela aterosclerose provoca a inflamação do parênquima encefálico, provavelmente levando à hipertrofia das células da micróglia e ao consequente aumento dos giros e estreitamento dos sulcos, como observado no presente estudo.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral atherosclerosis is the main cause of lesions that contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia, followed by arteriosclerosis of small vessels and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The purpose of this study was to compare the post-mortem radiological alterations of autopsied adults with the macroscopic alterations in the posterior region of these brains in order to establish a relationship between the two forms of analysis and to discuss the relevance of the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with encephalic atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen brains were analysed macroscopically to assess the degree of atherosclerosis of the basilar and the posterior cerebral arteries. The patients were autopsied in the Subject of General Pathology at General Hospital of Triângulo Mineiro Federal University in Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The qualitative analysis of atherosclerosis was performed with classification into mild, moderate or severe. In the posterior region of the brains, width of sulcus and thickness of gyrus were measured by macroscopic analysis and by tomographic analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS There was a decrease in calcarine sulcus width and an increase in medial temporal occipital gyrus thickness in patients with a higher degree of atherosclerosis, macroscopically and in tomography, respectively. Low oxygenation caused by atherosclerosis probably leads to an encephalic parenchyma inflammation that causes microglial cells hypertrophy provoking increase in the gyrus thickness and decrease in the sulcus width, as observed in the present study.

Resumo Fundamento: A doença coronariana é a principal causa de morte no Brasil. No sistema público de saúde brasileiro, a mortalidade hospitalar por infarto agudo do miocárdio é elevada. O Projeto Minas Telecardio 2 tem o objetivo de implantar a linha de cuidado do infarto na Região Ampliada Norte de Minas Gerais (MG), com vistas à redução da morbimortalidade hospitalar. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil dos casos de síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) atendidos no período que precedeu à implantação do programa. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional dos pacientes com SCA admitidos entre junho de 2013 e março de 2014 nas seis portas de entrada de urgência de Montes Claros e acompanhados até a alta hospitalar. Resultados: No período do estudo, 593 pacientes foram admitidos com SCA (idade média 63 ± 12 anos, 67,6% homens), com 306 (51,6%) casos de angina instável, 214 (36,0%) de infarto com supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMCSST) e 73 (12,3%) com infarto sem supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMSSST). A mortalidade total para IAMCSST foi 21% e a intra-hospitalar foi de 17,2%. Nos pacientes com IAMCSST, 46,0% foram submetidos a terapia de reperfusão, com 88 angioplastias primárias e seis trombólises. AAS foi administrado a 95,1% dos pacientes nas primeiras 24 horas e a 93,5% na alta, inibidores do P2Y12 foram administrados a 88,7% dos participantes nas primeiras 24 horas e a 75,1% na alta. Ao todo, 73,1% receberam heparina nas primeiras 24 horas. Conclusão: Foram observadas baixa taxa de reperfusão em pacientes com IAMCSST e adesão limitada aos tratamentos preconizados para abordagem da SCA na Região Ampliada Norte de MG. Estas observações possibilitam oportunidades para melhoria do cuidado em saúde.

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease is the main cause of death in Brazil. In the Brazilian public health system, the in-hospital mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction is high. The Minas Telecardio 2 Project (Projeto Minas Telecardio 2) aims at implementing a myocardial infarction system of care in the Northern Region of Minas Gerais (MG) to decrease hospital morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cared for in the period that preceded the implementation of the system of care. Methods: Observational, prospective study of patients with ACS admitted between June 2013 and March 2014 to six emergency departments in Montes Claros, MG, and followed up until hospital discharge. Results: During the study period, 593 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of ACS (mean age 63 ± 12 years, 67.6% men), including 306 (51.6%) cases of unstable angina, 214 (36.0%) of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 73 (12.3%) of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The total STEMI mortality was 21%, and the in-hospital mortality was 17.2%. In the STEMI patients, 46,0% underwent reperfusion therapy, including primary angioplasty in 88 and thrombolysis in six. Overall, aspirin was administered to 95.1% of the patients within 24 hours and to 93.5% at discharge, a P2Y12 inhibitor was administered to 88.7% participants within 24 hours and to 75.1% at discharge. A total of 73.1% patients received heparin within 24 hours. Conclusion: We observed a low reperfusion rate in patients with STEMI and limited adherence to the recommended ACS treatment in the Northern Region of MG. These observations enable opportunities to improve health care.

OBJETIVO: Transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) possuem alto impacto nos relacionamentos interpessoais e na qualidade de vida, sendo potenciais substratos para o desenvolvimento de transtornos mais graves. Estudantes de medicina vêm sendo apresentados como população de risco para o desenvolvimento de TMC. O objetivo deste estudo é estimar a freqüência de TMC em acadêmicos de medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia e identificar fatores relacionados. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo transversal entre uma amostra de estudantes de medicina. A identificação dos TMC foi feita por meio do 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 223 estudantes. A prevalência de TMC foi de 29,6%, sendo independentemente associada a alterações do padrão do sono, não possuir transporte próprio, não trabalhar e não realizar exercício físico. CONCLUSÕES: Estes dados demonstram uma elevada prevalência de TMC na amostra pesquisada e são importantes para subsidiar ações de prevenção de transtornos mentais entre futuros médicos e reflexões sobre o modelo curricular vigente nas escolas médicas.

OBJECTIVE: Common mental disorders (CMD) have a high impact on interpersonal relationships and quality of life and are potential underlying causes for the development of more serious disorders. Medical students have been indicated as a risk population for the development of CMD. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of CMD in undergraduate medical students and to identify related factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in a sample population of medical students. CMD was identified according to the 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-three students completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of CMD was 29.6% and its presence was independently associated with sleep disorders, not owning a car, not working and sedentary lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a high prevalence of CMD in the sample studied and are important for supporting actions to prevent mental disorders in future doctors and for reflecting on the curricula currently in use in medical schools.

Foram testados 226 extratos metanólicos e aquosos de 74 espécies vegetais (a maioria nativas) encontradas no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, para letalidade às larvas da espécie microcrustácea Artemia franciscana na concentração teste de 500 μg/mL. Várias espécies citotóxicas foram identificadas nesse estudo: Aspidosperma marcgravianum, A. nitidum, Citrus limetta, Croton cajucara, Geissospermum argenteum, Minquartia guianensis, Piper aduncum, P. amapense, P. capitarianum, P. tuberculatum e Protium aracouchini. Os resultados foram analisados levando em consideração as informações populares, quando disponíveis.

226 methanol and water extracts representing 74 mainly native plant species found in Amazonas State, Brazil, were tested at a standard concentration of 500 μg/mL for lethality towards larvae of the brine shrimp species Artemia franciscana. Several cytotoxic plant species were identified in this work: Aspidosperma marcgravianum, A. nitidum, Croton cajucara, Citrus limetta, Geissospermum argenteum, Minquartia guianensis, Piper aduncum, P. amapense, P. capitarianum, P. tuberculatum and Protium aracouchini. The results were analyzed within the context of the available traditional knowledge and uses for these plants.