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Abstract Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris is a weed native to the Mediterranean basin that causes yield losses in both winter and summer crops in southern Spain. Modeling its emergence is crucial for developing appropriate management strategies. Currently, the predominant technique for predicting weed emergence is non-linear parametric regression, but this approach has some statistical limitations. The Weed Biology and Agroecology Group (BAMh) conducted a study to describe and predict the emergence pattern of R. segetum using a non-parametric regression with a Gaussian distribution. For its development, emergence was studied in five experimental plots in Barcelona, Lleida, Madrid, Seville, and Zaragoza during the 2016/17 season, and the trial was repeated in the following season in Barcelona, Madrid, and Zaragoza. In each plot, 100 seeds from an experimental farm in Seville were sown in 25 x 25 cm grids (4 replicates). For the model, a cumulative kernel density curve was used to relate emergence to a hydrothermal integral based on a two-segment equation. A base, optimal, and maximum temperature of -1.0 ºC, 8.1 ºC, and 26.0 ºC, respectively, and a base water potential of -0.6 MPa were established. This model reaches 10 %, 50 %, and 90 % of cumulative emergence at 43.2, 74.7, and 97.4 hydrothermal degrees, respectively. On average, the model exhibited a root mean square error of 16.81%, ranging between 9.1 % and 32.5 %.

Resumen Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris es una mala hierba originaria de la cuenca mediterránea que causa pérdidas de rendimiento en cultivos de invierno y de verano en el sur de España. Modelizar su emergencia es crucial para desarrollar estrategias de manejo adecuadas. Actualmente, la técnica predominante para predecir la emergencia de malas hierbas son las regresiones paramétricas no lineales pero este enfoque tiene algunas limitaciones estadísticas. El grupo de Biología y Agroecología de las Malas Hierbas (BAMh) llevó a cabo un estudio para describir y predecir el patrón de emergencia de R. segetum mediante una regresión no paramétrica con una distribución gaussiana. Para su desarrollo, se estudió la emergencia en cinco parcelas experimentales en Barcelona, Lleida, Madrid, Sevilla y Zaragoza durante la campaña 2016/17 y se repitió el ensayo en la campaña siguiente en Barcelona, Madrid y Zaragoza. En cada parcela se sembraron 100 semillas procedentes de una finca experimental de Sevilla en cuadriculas de 25 x 25 cm (4 repeticiones). Para el modelo se utilizó una curva acumulada de la densidad de Kernel que relacionó la emergencia con una integral hidrotérmica basada en una ecuación de dos segmentos. Se estableció una temperatura base, óptima y máxima de -1,0 ºC, 8,1 ºC y 26,0 ºC, respectivamente y un potencial hídrico base de -0,6 MPa. Este modelo alcanza el 10 %, 50 % y 90 % de la emergencia acumulada a 43,2, 74,7 y 97,4 grados hidrotérmicos, respectivamente. En promedio, el modelo presentó un RMSE (root mean square error) de 16,81 %, oscilando entre 9,1 % y 32,5 %.

https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.35130

Candida parapsilosis endocarditis without vegetations at Echocardiography: a case report
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Vargas-Herrera, Natalia

; Estrada-Grossmann, Jose M.

; Saavedra-Velasco, Marcos

; Arango-Rojas, Gian Marco

; Cabrera-Enríquez, John

Acta Médica Peruana

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oct 2023, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 329 - 333

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Candida endocarditis is a very serious manifestation of candida infections, and it has increased in incidence over the past years. Of these, C. parapsilosis has been described as a cause of endocarditis in native valves of intravenous drug users and prosthetic valves. We report the case of a female that developed a cerebrovascular accident secondary to emboli from aortic prosthetic valve C. parapsilosis endocarditis, despite apparently normal echocardiography. She received antifungal therapy without surgical intervention.

RESUMEN La endocarditis por Candida spp. es una manifestación muy grave de las infecciones por este patógeno y su incidencia ha ido aumentando en los últimos años. La Candida parapsilosis se ha descrito como causa de endocarditis en válvulas nativas de usuarios de drogas intravenosas y prótesis valvulares. Presentamos el caso de una mujer que desarrolló un accidente cerebrovascular secundario a émbolos fúngicos procedentes de una prótesis valvular aórtica infectada por C. parapsilosis, a pesar de un ecocardiograma sin vegetaciones. La paciente recibió tratamiento antifúngico sin necesidad de intervención quirúrgica.

https://doi.org/10.35663/amp.2023.404.2662

Study of Carbohydrate Hydrolysis From Arracacha Roots (Arracada Xanthorriza Bancroft) to Produce Fermentable Sugars
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Carranza-Saavedra, Darwin

; Alvarado-Nuñez, Jorge A.

; Solanilla-Duque, José F.

; Valenzuela-Real, Claudia P.

Ingeniería e Investigación

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aug 2021, Volume 41 N. 2 elocation e105

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN En Colombia se producen aproximadamente 855 840 toneladas anuales de arracacha. La raíz de arracacha postcosecha no vendible (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) no se comercializa, principalmente debido a daños mecánicos o raíces pequeñas y deformadas. En este trabajo, las muestras secas fueron caracterizadas y sometidas a dos tratamientos: uno con hidrólisis térmica aplicando vapor saturado a presiones de 0,1034 MPa, 0,2068 MPa y 0,4137 MPa; y el otro de hidrólisis con ácido sulfúrico en concentraciones entre 0,25-2,00 M. Luego, la torta resultante del proceso de hidrólisis y filtración se hidrolizó enzimáticamente (Liquozyme SC DS, Novozymes) a 1,5, 5 y 10 KNU/g (pH 6, 80 °C, 2 h). Se evaluaron los inhibidores de fermentación (ácido acético y furfural) en el mejor pretratamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento con ácido sulfúrico a 1,00 M (2 h) tiene altos rendimientos en azúcares reductores adicionados a hidrólisis enzimática. También se alcanzó el nivel máximo de carbohidratos fermentables por gramo de muestra seca (1,04 g/g). En cuanto a los agentes inhibidores de la fermentación del azúcar reductor, se encontró una mayor concentración de ácido acético con contenido furfural menor. Por tanto, los residuos de arracacha son una materia prima prometedora para incrementar la oferta de bioetanol.

ABSTRACT In Colombia, approximately 855 840 tons of arracacha are produced each year. The unsalable post-harvest arracacha root (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) is not commercialized, mainly due to mechanical damage or small and misshapen roots. In this work, dry samples were characterized and subjected to two treatments: one using thermal hydrolysis, applying saturated steam at pressures of 0,1034 MPa, 0,2068 MPa, and 0,4137 MPa; and another one using hydrolysis with sulfuric acid in concentrations between 0,25-2,00 M. Then, the cake resulting from the hydrolysis and filtration process was enzymatically hydrolyzed (Liquozyme SC DS, Novozymes) at 1,5, 5 and 10 KNU/g (pH 6, 80 °C, 2 h). Fermentation inhibitors (acetic acid and furfural) were evaluated in the best pretreatment. The results showed that the treatment with sulfuric acid at 1,00 M (2 h) has high yields in reducing sugars added to enzymatic hydrolysis. The maximum level of fermentable carbohydrates per gram of dry sample (1,04 g/g) was also reached. Regarding the fermentation inhibitors of the reducing sugar, a higher concentration of acetic acid was found with a lower furfural content. Therefore, arracacha discards are a promising raw material to increase the supply of bioethanol.

https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v41n2.87365 66 downloads

Clave I de la oclusión según los criterios de Andrews y los trastornos temporomandibulares
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Fernández-Correa, Lillien

; González-Olazábal, Mayra Virginia

; Rodríguez-Pimienta, Esther M.

; Reytor-Saavedra, Eduardo José

; Medinilla-Izquierdo, Gisela

Revista Información Científica

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apr 2021, Volume 100 N. 2 elocation e3350

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Introdução: O estudo da oclusão e seu papel na etiologia dos distúrbios temporomandibulares tem sido um tema controverso e de interesse no campo estomatológico. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre oclusão, de acordo com a chave I dos critérios de Andrews, e distúrbios temporomandibulares. Método: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal com alunos da carreira de Estomatologia da Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial da cidade de Sancti Spíritus, no período de setembro de 2018 a setembro de 2019. O universo foi de 42, a amostra aleatória simples foi composta por 40 alunos, aqueles que responderam aos critérios de inclusão. As variáveis de estudo foram: presença de disfunção temporomandibular, relação de molares, caninos e coincidência das linhas médias. Foram utilizados métodos dos níveis teórico, empírico, estatístico e matemático. Resultados: 52,5% dos pacientes apresentavam disfunção temporomandibular, sendo a relação molar bilateral em 80%. Sobre a relação dos caninos, todos os afetados apresentaram relação de mesio, disto ou uma combinação dos dois. A maioria dos não afetados (89,5%) teve uma coincidência das linhas médias. Conclusões: Verifica-se que qualquer alteração da oclusão dentária de acordo com os critérios de Andrews terá consequências no sistema estomatognático e, portanto, no aparecimento dos distúrbios temporomandibulares.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The study of occlusion and its role in the etiology of temporomandibular disorders has been a controversial topic of interest in the stomatological field. Objective: To determine the relationship between occlusion, according to key I of the Andrews criteria, and temporomandibular disorders. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on students of dentistry at the Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial of the city of Sancti-Spíritus, in the period from September 2018 to September 2019. The population was of 42 students, the simple random sample consisted of 40 of them, those who responded to the inclusion criteria. The study variables were: presence of temporomandibular disorder, canines and molars ratio and coincidence of dental midlines. Methods of the theoretical, empirical, statistical and mathematical levels were used. Results: 52.5% of the patients presented temporomandibular disorders, of which the molar relationship was bilateral in 80%. Regarding the relationship of canines, all those affected presented a relationship of mesio, disto or a combination of them. Most of the unaffected (89.5%) had midline coincidence. Conclusions: It is found that any alteration in dental occlusion according to the Andrews criteria will have consequences on the stomatognathic system and, therefore, on the appearance of temporomandibular disorders.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estudio de la oclusión y su papel en la etiología de los trastornos temporomandibulares ha sido un tema controvertido y de interés en el campo estomatológico. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la oclusión, según clave I de los criterios de Andrews y los trastornos temporomandibulares. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal a estudiantes de la carrera de Estomatología en la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial de la ciudad de Sancti-Spíritus, en el periodo comprendido de septiembre de 2018 a septiembre de 2019. El universo fue de 42, la muestra aleatoria simple fue conformada por 40 estudiantes, los que respondían a los criterios de inclusión. Las variables de estudio fueron: presencia de trastorno temporomandibular, relación de molares, de caninos y coincidencia de las líneas media. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico, estadísticos y matemáticos. Resultados: El 52,5 % de los pacientes presentó trastornos temporomandibulares, de los cuales, la relación de molares era bilateral en el 80 %. Con respecto a la relación de caninos, todos los afectados presentaron relación de mesio, disto o combinación de ellas. La mayoría de los no afectados (89,5 %) tenía coincidencia de las líneas media. Conclusiones: Se constata que cualquier alteración en la oclusión dentaria según los criterios de Andrews tendrán consecuencias en el sistema estomatognático y, por tanto, en la aparición de los trastornos temporomandibulares.

Consenso de hemofilia en México
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López-Arroyo, José L.

; Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M.

; Merino-Pasaye, Laura E.

; Saavedra-González, Azucena

; Alcivar-Cedeño, Luisa María

; Álvarez-Vera, José Luis

; Anaya-Cuellar, Irene

; Arana-Luna, Luara L.

; Ávila-Castro, David

; Bates-Martín, Ramón A.

; Cesarman-Maus, Gabriela

; Chávez-Aguilar, Lénica A.

; Peña-Celaya, José A. de la

; Espitia-Ríos, María E.

; Estrada-Domínguez, Patricia

; Fermín-Caminero, Denisse

; Flores-Patricio, Willy

; García Chávez, Jaime

; García-Lee, María T.

; González-Pérez, María del Carmen

; González-Rubio, María del Carmen

; González-Villareal, María Guadalupe

; Ramírez-Moreno, Fabiola

; Hernández-Colin, Ana K.

; Hernández-Ruiz, Eleazar

; Herrera-Olivares, Wilfrido

; Leyto-Cruz, Faustino

; Loera-Fragoso, Sergio

; Martínez-Ríos, Annel

; Miranda-Madrazo, María R.

; Morales-Hernández, Alba

; Nava-Villegas, Lorena

; Orellana-Garibay, Juan J.

; Palma-Moreno, Orlando G.

; Paredes-Lozano, Eugenia P.

; Peña-Alcántara, Paula

; Pérez-Lozano, Uendy

; Pichardo-Cepín, Yayra M.

; Reynoso-Pérez, Ana Carolina

; Rodríguez-Serna, Mishel

; Rojas-Castillejos, Flavio

; Romero-Rodelo, Hilda

; Ruíz-Contreras, Josué I.

; Segura-García, Adela

; Silva-Vera, Karina

; Soto-Cisneros, Paulina M.

; Tapia-Enríquez, Ana L.

; Tavera-Rodríguez, Martha G.

; Teomitzi-Sánchez, Óscar

; Tepepa-Flores, Fredy

; Valencia-Rivas, María D.

; Valle-Cárdenas, Teresa

; Varela-Constantino, Ana

; Javier-Morales, Adrián

; Martínez-Ramírez, Mario A.

; Tena-Cano, Sergio

; Terrazas-Marín, Ricardo

; Vilchis-González, Shendel P.

; Villela-Peña, Atenas

; Mena-Zepeda, Verónica

; Alvarado Ibarra, Martha

Gaceta médica de México

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2021, Volume 157 Suppl. 1 Pages S1 - S37

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Hemophilia is a hemorrhagic disorder with a sex-linked inherited pattern, characterized by an inability to amplify coagulation due to a deficiency in coagulation factor VIII (hemophilia A or classic) or factor IX (hemophilia B). Sequencing of the genes involved in hemophilia has provided a description and record of the main mutations, as well as a correlation with the various degrees of severity. Hemorrhagic manifestations are related to levels of circulating factor, mainly affecting the musculoskeletal system and specifically the large joints (knees, ankles and elbows). This document is a review and consensus of the main genetic aspects of hemophilia, from the inheritance pattern to the concept of women carriers, physiopathology and classification of the disorder, the basic and confirmation studies when hemophilia is suspected, the various treatment regimens based on infusion of the deficient coagulation factor as well as innovative factor-free therapies and recommendations for the management of complications associated with treatment (development of inhibitors and/or transfusion transmitted infections) or secondary to articular hemorrhagic events (hemophilic arthropathy). Finally, relevant reviews of clinical and treatment aspects of hemorrhagic pathology charachterized by acquired deficiency of FVIII secondary to neutralized antibodies named acquired hemophilia.

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https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m20000451 305 downloads

Caracterización fisicoquímica, actividad antioxidante y antifúngica de agregado de polen de tres especies de abejas (Apidae: Meliponini) provenientes del Soconusco, Chiapas
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Albores-Flores, Víctor

; Saavedra-Camacho, Erick

; López-García, José Alfonso

; Grajales-Conesa, Julieta

; Córdova-Albores, Liliana Carolina

Revista mexicana de fitopatología

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2021, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 41 - 60

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Plants-bees interaction can generate bee-hive products with different physicochemical, bioactive and antimicrobial composition. Therefore, in this study we determined the physicochemical composition of pollen aggregates collected from 12 stingless bee-hives established in Chiapas, Mexico, from three different municipalities: Tapachula, Mazatán and Cacahoatán, and with three different species: Melipona beecheii, Scaptotrigona mexicana and Tetragonisca angustula. We also evaluated the effect of pollen aggregate extracts on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides growth. Our results showed differences in the physicochemical composition based on bee species. Pollen from M. beecheii registered the highest phenol content, flavonoids, and free acidity. These results, and the obtained from the antioxidant capacity (Trolox), glucose and pH, were associated with in vitro C. gloesporioides growth. The fungus radial growth rate during the nine-day study was 0.013-0.009 mm h-1 with pollen extracts, which was equivalent to 44% lower value than chlorothalonil. The antifungal activity of pollen extracts depends on bee species; for M. beecheii we registered 65 and 37%, for T. angustula 57 and 16%, and for S. mexicana 60 and 30%, which were higher than the chlorothalonil fungicide.

Resumen La interacción planta-abeja puede generar productos de la colmena con diferentes características fisicoquímicas, bioactivos y actividad antimicrobiana. Por lo cual, en este trabajo se determinó la composición química de conglomerados o agregados de polen colectados de 12 colmenas establecidas en Chiapas, México, en los municipios Tapachula, Mazatán y Cacahoatán, dentro de tres meliponarios comerciales asociados a las especies: Melipona beecheii, Scaptotrigona mexicana y Tetragonisca angustula. Asimismo, se evaluó el efecto de los agregados de polen en Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Se encontró una composición química muy diversa independientemente de la especie de abeja. El polen obtenido de colmenas con M. beecheii tuvieron la mayor cantidad de fenoles, flavonoides y acidez libre. Estas propiedades, en adición de la capacidad antioxidante (trolox), glucosa y pH, estuvieron asociados a la inhibición del crecimiento in vitro de C. gloeosporioides. La velocidad de crecimiento radial del hongo durante nueve días fue de 0.013 a 0.009 mm h-1 con extractos de polen, 44 % menor que el efecto del clorotalonil. La actividad antifúngica de los extractos de polen fue de 65 y 37 % para M. beecheii, 57 y 16 % para T. angustula y 60 y 30 % para S. mexicana, respecto al tratamiento testigo y a la dosis más alta de clorotalonil, respectivamente.

https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2009-4 530 downloads

Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in Portuguese women
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Tallon, José M.

; Narciso, Janine

; Saavedra, Raquel

; Silva, António J.

; Barros, Ana

; Costa, Aldo M.

Motricidade

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mar 2020, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 74 - 83

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Obesity represents a public health challenge, and dietary interventions to prevent or treat Obesity rely on the ability to accurately determine daily energy requirements - which are based on measures of total energy expenditure. Several prediction equations to estimate resting metabolic rate (RMR) have been developed, however, the validity of these equations is uncertain. The present study aims to determine the accuracy of four commonly used RMR prediction equations in normal weight, overweight and obese Portuguese women aged 18 to 64 years. RMR was measured in 156 women (age: 40.3 ± 10.2 years; Body Mass Index (BMI): 20.6 ± 6.8 kg/m²) using indirect calorimetry. The resulting values were compared with the predictive values from the Harris-Benedict, FAO/WHO/UNU, Schofield and Mifflin-St. Jeor equations across BMI categories. At an individual level, the equations with the highest percentage of accurate predictions were the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation in normal-weight women (41.9%) and the Harris-Benedict equation in overweight (55.4%) and obese (50.9%) women. The accuracy of the RMR prediction equations studied varied by weight status, and due to the low levels of accuracy reported, the present equations might have limited applicability for Portuguese women at an individual level.

https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.20054 380 downloads

Consenso Mexicano de Mieloma Múltiple
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Peña-Celaya, José A. de la

; Aguilar-Luevano, Jocelyn

; Alcivar-Cedeño, Luisa María

; Álvarez-Vera, José L.

; Anaya-Cuellar, Irene

; Añorve-Hernández, Erika

; Arana-Luna, Luara L.

; Arteaga-Ortíz, Luis

; Báez-Islas, Pamela E.

; Banda-García, Luisa I.

; Bates-Martín, Ramón A.

; Campa-Monroy, Dafne Itzel

; Cardiel-Silva, Mariela

; Castillo-Salas, Ángel de Jesús

; Cota-Rangel, Xóchitl

; Díaz-Vargas, Guillermo

; Espitia-Ríos, M. Eugenia

; Estrada-Domínguez, Patricia

; Fermín-Caminero, Denisse

; García-Camacho, Alinka

; García-Castillo, Carolina

; Garzón-Velásquez, Katheryn B.

; Gil-Rondero, Carlos

; Hernández-Colín, Ana K.

; Hernández-Ruiz, Eleazar

; Hernández-Alcántara, Areli E.

; Hernández-Cervantes, Silvia A.

; Herrera-Olivares, Wilfrido

; Ignacio-Ibarra, Gregorio

; Inclán-Alarcón, Sergio I.

; Leyto-Cruz, Faustino

; Macías-Flores, Juan P.

; Martínez-de la Vega, Andrea

; Martínez-Ramírez, Mario A.

; Martínez-Coronel, Jorge

; Medina-Coral, Jesús E.

; Meza-Dávalos, Lizeth

; Montoya-Jiménez, Leire

; Morales-Hernández, Alba

; Morales-López, Elizabeth

; Morales-Adrián, Javier de Jesús

; Morales-de Azcué, Maricruz

; Mújica-Martínez, Aldo

; Murillo-Cruz, Juan L.

; Nájera-Martínez, Jéssica

; Narváez-Sarmiento, Iris M.

; Nava-Villegas, Lorena

; Nava-Alpide, Marco A.

; Orellana-Garibay, Juan J.

; Palafox-Zaldívar, María Teresa

; Palma-Moreno, Orlando G.

; Paredes-Lozano, Eugenia P.

; Pedraza-Colín, María Luisa

; Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M.

; Pérez-Lizardi, Alejandra B.

; Rojas-Castillejos, Flavio

; Romero-Martínez, Eduardo

; Romero-Rodelo, Hilda

; Ruiz-Contreras, Josué

; Saavedra-González, Azucena

; Saucedo-Montes, Erick

; Silva-Michel, Luis G.

; Silva-Vera, Karina

; Teomitzi-Sánchez, Óscar

; Tepepa-Flores, Fredy

; Ventura-Enríquez, Yanet

; Villela-Peña, Atenas

; Vilchis-González, Shendel P.

; Zapata-Canto, Nidia

; Zárate-Rodríguez, Pedro A.

; Alvarado-Ibarra, Martha

Gaceta médica de México

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2020, Volume 156 Suppl. 2 Pages 1 - 49

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract To identify this increasingly common pathology, known as Multiple Myeloma, it is necessary to refer to the specific factors that characterize it; to this end, the classic criteria known as CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and lytic lesions) are available, in which renal failure is one of the most frequent complications. Recently, 3 indisputable biomarkers have been described for the diagnostic support for Multiple Myeloma, which are: more than 10% of clonal plasma cells in BM or, a biopsy that corroborates the presence of a plasmacytoma, light chain ratio ≥100 mg/dL and more than one focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A differential diagnosis for plasma cell leukemia, solitary bone plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma should always be considered. Being this an incurable disease, a lot of research has been done regarding its therapeutic management, whose main objective is the disappearance of plasma cells and the patient clinical improvement. Melphalan was the first drug that showed a benefit in 1958 and afterwards, with the addition of a steroid as a second drug, it was possible to improve response rates. Subsequently, different molecules were studied, forming multiple combinations, and achieving better rates of Overall Survival and Progression-Free Survival. Years later, with the arrival of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, and immunomodulators such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, an important turnaround in the disease has been seen, as deeper responses, more prolonged remissions, and improvement in the quality of life of patients have been achieved. This consensus has the purpose of integrating a group of Mexican specialists and promoting the updating of this pathology.

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https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m20000392 223 downloads

Morfodinámica de las costas septentrionales del estado de Veracruz, México: tendencias en las últimas cuatro décadas (1973-2017)
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Mancera Flores, Andrea

; Morales Méndez, Daniel

; Saavedra Gallardo, Emilio

; Hernández Santana, José Ramón

; Méndez Linares, Ana Patricia

Investigaciones geográficas

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2020, N. 103 elocation e60155

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to calculate and evaluate the behavior of coastal morphodynamics in the northern coast of the state of Veracruz over the past 45 years (1973-2017) from regional and local perspectives. This study included three sites suitable for establishing engineering prototypes for the use of wave power and its conversion into electricity micro-generation in the coastal towns Barra de Cazones, Palma Sola, and Villa Rica. To this end, we used geospatial data of aerial photographs, ortho- photos and satellite images for different years (1973, 1986, 1995, 2000, 2011, and 2017) to identify and demarcate the shoreline based on Boak and Turner (2005). Subsequently, this attribute was classified according to its prevailing process (progradation or regression) in the DSAS module (USGS, 2012) to determine the shoreline change rates. Besides, a baseline was set to determine the potential future impacts of installing the engineering prototypes. According to the availability of inputs, the northern zone was approached regionally for the period 2000-2017, while Barra de Ca- zones and Palma Sola covered the years 1995-2017, and Villa Rica encompassed the years 1973-2017. The results in terms of the net shoreline movement (NSM) show an overall regional trend toward the prevalence of progradation in the northern coast. Progradation values reach up to +27 m near river mouths, dune fields, and anthropized areas, with figures higher than +90 m in some localities. Coastal regression shows values as high as -97 m and -27 m in fluvial- marine and wind-marine environments, as well as in highly anthropized areas. Barra de Cazones shows three distinctive sectors. The first shows a net shoreline regression of -16 m at Playa Chaparrales. The second sector, more widespread, comprises approximately 60% of the local coast, with pro- gradation values of up to +26 m. Finally, the third sector, in its northern part around the fluvial-marine bar near the Cazones river mouth, shows a regressive process reaching values between -16 and -27 m. Palma Sola displays an overall trend towards shoreline progradation, reaching its peak value in Palma Sola beach, with +51.59 m over 22 years. The most significant regression is located in the La Loma cliffs, with -28.29 m. Unlike the figures found for the progradation zones, regressive processes correspond to abrasive coasts (La Loma and Miradores), except for the Barra Palma Sola mouth and, with less intensity, the adjacent Playa Andrea. Finally, in Villa Rica, the entire abrasive mound coastline maintains regressive process rates. The greatest regression was recorded in the front cliff of the Villa Rica mound, with -17.03 m. Maximum progradation values of +90.27 m occur to the south of the mound. The southern sector shows greater dynamism, with values from -12 m to +90 m, corresponding to the characteristics of a cumulative coastline. At a regional scale, the statistical result of the endpoint rate (EPR) shows that most data range from -1 to +2 m/ year, dominated by progradation, in the period 2000-2011 In the period 2011-2017, 50% of the data varied from -3 to +1 m/year. At specific sites, the structural-geological context, whether frontal lavic spills (Miradores-La Loma and the Villa Rica mound) or tectonic ascents of coastal blocks (Barra de Cazones), largely determines the morphogenetic development of the coastal relief and its most recent morphodynamics. Its variations according to the end point rate (EPR) indicate that progradation is the dominant process in Palma Sola and Villa Rica, whereas regression is prevalent in Barra de Cazones. In general, the northern coast of Veracruz shows a predominance of progradation processes. Isolated localities show prevalent regressive processes in response to the local physical-geographic conditions, which are in turn determined by the geological-geomorphological context and the presence of human settlements related to tourist- recreational activities.

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https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.60155 239 downloads

10.

Colombian consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Candida Spp. disease in children and adults,
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Oñate, José M.

; Rivas, Pilar

; Pallares, Christian

; Saavedra, Carlos H.

; Martínez, Ernesto

; Coronell, Wilfrido

; López, Eduardo

; Berrio, Indira

; Álvarez-Moreno, Carlos A.

; Roncancio, Gustavo E.

; Segura, Janier

; Vélez, Juan D.

; Cortes, Jorge A.

; Parra-Giraldo, Claudia M.

; Álvarez, Jorge E.

; Romero, Andrés F.

; Zuluaga, Iván

; Camacho, Germán

Infectio

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sep 2019, Volume 23 N. 3 Pages 271 - 304

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La Candidiasis Invasora (CI) y la candidemia, como su manifestación más frecuente, se ha convertido en la principal causa de micosis oportunista a nivel hospitalario. Este manuscrito realizado por miembros de la Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), tuvo como objetivo proporcionar un conjunto de recomendaciones para manejo, seguimiento y prevención de la CI/candidemia y de la infección candidiásica de mucosas, en población adulta, pediátrica y neonatal, en un entorno hospitalario, incluyendo las unidades hemato-oncológicas y unidades de cuidado crítico. Todos los datos obtenidos mediante una búsqueda exhaustiva, fueron revisados y analizados de manera amplia por todos los miembros del grupo, y las recomendaciones emitidas se elaboraron luego de la evaluación de la literatura científica disponible, y el consenso de todos los especialistas involucrados, reconociendo el problema de la emergencia de las infecciones por Candida Spp. y brindando una correcta orientación a los profesionales de la salud sobre el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad candidiásica, de una forma racional y práctica, enfatizando en la evaluación del paciente, estrategias de diagnóstico, profilaxis, tratamiento empírico, tratamiento dirigido y terapia preventiva.

Abstract Invasive Candidiasis (IC) and candidemia (as its most frequent manifestation) have become the main cause of opportunistic mycosis at hospital settings. This study, made by members of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN), was aimed at providing a set of recommendations for the management, follow-up and prevention of IC / candidemia and mucous membrane candida infection in adult, pediatric and neonatal patients in a hospital setting, including the hemato-oncological and critical care units. All the data obtained through an exhaustive search were reviewed and analyzed in a comprehensive manner by all the members of the group, and the recommendations issued are being made after a careful review of the scientific literature available and the consensus of all specialists involved; the emergence of Candida Spp. problem is highlighted and a correct orientation to health professionals regarding the management of patients with candidiasis is provided in a rational and practical way, emphasizing patient evaluation, diagnostic strategies, prophylaxis, empirical treatment, directed treatment and preventative therapy.

https://doi.org/10.22354/in.v23i3.792 2538 downloads

11.

HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance in Cuba, 2009–2014
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Alemán-Campos, Yoan

; Kourí-Cardellá, Vivian

; Pérez-Santos, Lissette

; Fonseca-Gómez, Carlos

; Pérez-Avila, Jorge

; Ortega-González, Lilia M.

; Baños-Morales, Yoanna

; Álvarez-López, Alina

; Correa-Sierra, Consuelo

; Martínez-Montesinos, Yenisleidys

; Soto-Brito, Yudira

; Limia-León, Celia M.

; Campos-Díaz, Jorge

; Caturla-Fernández, Yaniris

; Alvarez-Gainza, Delmis

; Pintos-Saavedra, Yanet

; Añé-Kourí, Ana L.

; Joanes-Fiol, José

MEDICC Review

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sep 2018, Volume 20 N. 3 Pages 15 - 21

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION By the end of 2017, there were more than 28,000 individuals living with HIV in Cuba, over 80% receiving antiretroviral therapy, which dramatically reduces viral replication, improves immune status and decreases risk of transmission. These results could be jeopardized by emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance. In 2009, a test for HIV-1 genotypic resistance was introduced in routine clinical practice in Cuba. OBJECTIVE Investigate antiretroviral resistance and its relation to subtype distribution in HIV-1 treatment-naïve and previously treated patients in Cuba. METHODS Resistance and HIV-1 subtype distribution were determined in 342 antiretroviral treatment-naïve patients and 584 previously treated for HIV-1 whose blood specimens were sent to the Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute during 2009–2014. Transmitted drug resistance was determined using the Calibrated Population Resistance Tool v.6. Drug resistance analysis was conducted using the algorithm Rega v9.1.0. RESULTS Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance was 11.4%, and 41% of mutated viruses exhibited dual-class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Overall, 84.9% of patients had ≥1 resistance mutation, 80% had ≥1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutation, 71.4% had ≥1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutation and 31.7% had ≥1 protease inhibitor mutation. K65R and K101E mutations were significantly more frequent in subtype C, L210W in CRF19_cpx, and M47V/I in CRF BGs (20, 23, 24). Full class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors and multidrug resistance were detected in 21.2%, 32.4%, 8% and 4.1% of patients, respectively. Average percentage resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, protease inhibitor, full class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, protease inhibitor and multidrug resistance increased in patients failing two or more regimens. Nevertheless, after 2011, a declining trend was observed in the frequency of multidrug resistance and full class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Detected levels of transmitted drug resistance highlight the need for a national surveillance study in treatment-naïve patients. Resistance prevalence is high in previously treated patients but appears to be decreasing over time. The frequency of resistance mutations in recombinant forms of HIV in Cuba needs further study.

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12.

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.

; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato

; Leitman, Paula

; Souza, Vinícius C.

; Walter, Bruno M.T.

; Pirani, José R.

; Morim, Marli P.

; Queiroz, Luciano P.

; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.

; Mansano, Vidal F.

; Forzza, Rafaela C.

; Abreu, Maria C.

; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro

; Agra, Maria F.

; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.

; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.

; Almeida, Rafael F.

; Alves, Flávio M.

; Alves, Marccus

; Alves-Araujo, Anderson

; Amaral, Maria C.E.

; Amorim, André M.

; Amorim, Bruno

; Andrade, Ivanilza M.

; Andreata, Regina H.P.

; Andrino, Caroline O.

; Anunciação, Elisete A.

; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.

; Aranguren, Yani

; Aranha Filho, João L.M.

; Araújo, Andrea O.

; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.

; Araújo, Diogo

; Arbo, María M.

; Assis, Leandro

; Assis, Marta C.

; Assunção, Vivian A.

; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.

; Azevedo, Cecilia O.

; Baitello, João B.

; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.

; Barbosa, Maria R.V.

; Barros, Fábio

; Barros, Lucas A.V.

; Barros, Michel J.F.

; Baumgratz, José F.A.

; Bernacci, Luis C.

; Berry, Paul E.

; Bigio, Narcísio C.

; Biral, Leonardo

; Bittrich, Volker

; Borges, Rafael A.X.

; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.

; Bove, Cláudia P.

; Bovini, Massimo G.

; Braga, João M.A.

; Braz, Denise M.

; Bringel Jr., João B.A.

; Bruniera, Carla P.

; Buturi, Camila V.

; Cabral, Elza

; Cabral, Fernanda N.

; Caddah, Mayara K.

; Caires, Claudenir S.

; Calazans, Luana S.B.

; Calió, Maria F.

; Camargo, Rodrigo A.

; Campbell, Lisa

; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.

; Carauta, Jorge P.P.

; Cardiel, José M.

; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.

; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.

; Carneiro, Camila R.

; Carneiro, Cláudia E.

; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.

; Carrijo, Tatiana T.

; Caruzo, Maria B.R.

; Carvalho, Maria L.S.

; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline

; Castello, Ana C.D.

; Cavalheiro, Larissa

; Cervi, Armando C.

; Chacon, Roberta G.

; Chautems, Alain

; Chiavegatto, Berenice

; Chukr, Nádia S.

; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.

; Coelho, Marcus A.N.

; Coelho, Rubens L.G.

; Cordeiro, Inês

; Cordula, Elizabeth

; Cornejo, Xavier

; Côrtes, Ana L.A.

; Costa, Andrea F.

; Costa, Fabiane N.

; Costa, Jorge A.S.

; Costa, Leila C.

; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.

; Costa-Lima, James L.

; Cota, Maria R.C.

; Couto, Ricardo S.

; Daly, Douglas C.

; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.

; De Toni, Karen

; Dematteis, Massimiliano

; Dettke, Greta A.

; Di Maio, Fernando R.

; Dórea, Marcos C.

; Duarte, Marília C.

; Dutilh, Julie H.A.

; Dutra, Valquíria F.

; Echternacht, Lívia

; Eggers, Lilian

; Esteves, Gerleni

; Ezcurra, Cecilia

; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.

; Feres, Fabíola

; Fernandes, José M.

; Ferreira, D.M.C.

; Ferreira, Fabrício M.

; Ferreira, Gabriel E.

; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.

; Ferreira, Silvana C.

; Ferrucci, Maria S.

; Fiaschi, Pedro

; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.

; Firens, Marcela

; Flores, Andreia S.

; Forero, Enrique

; Forster, Wellington

; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.

; Fortunato, Reneé H.

; Fraga, Cléudio N.

; França, Flávio

; Francener, Augusto

; Freitas, Joelcio

; Freitas, Maria F.

; Fritsch, Peter W.

; Furtado, Samyra G.

; Gaglioti, André L.

; Garcia, Flávia C.P.

; Germano Filho, Pedro

; Giacomin, Leandro

; Gil, André S.B.

; Giulietti, Ana M.

; A.P.Godoy, Silvana

; Goldenberg, Renato

; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.

; Gomes, Mário

; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.

; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes

; Graham, Shirley

; Groppo, Milton

; Guedes, Juliana S.

; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.

; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.

; Guimarães, Elsie F.

; Gutierrez, Raul

; Harley, Raymond

; Hassemer, Gustavo

; Hattori, Eric K.O.

; Hefler, Sonia M.

; Heiden, Gustavo

; Henderson, Andrew

; Hensold, Nancy

; Hiepko, Paul

; Holanda, Ana S.S.

; Iganci, João R.V.

; Imig, Daniela C.

; Indriunas, Alexandre

; Jacques, Eliane L.

; Jardim, Jomar G.

; Kamer, Hiltje M.

; Kameyama, Cíntia

; Kinoshita, Luiza S.

; Kirizawa, Mizué

; Klitgaard, Bente B.

; Koch, Ingrid

; Koschnitzke, Cristiana

; Krauss, Nathália P.

; Kriebel, Ricardo

; Kuntz, Juliana

; Larocca, João

; Leal, Eduardo S.

; Lewis, Gwilym P.

; Lima, Carla T.

; Lima, Haroldo C.

; Lima, Itamar B.

; Lima, Laíce F.G.

; Lima, Laura C.P.

; Lima, Leticia R.

; Lima, Luís F.P.

; Lima, Rita B.

; Lírio, Elton J.

; Liro, Renata M.

; Lleras, Eduardo

; Lobão, Adriana

; Loeuille, Benoit

; Lohmann, Lúcia G.

; Loiola, Maria I.B.

; Lombardi, Julio A.

; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.

; Lopes, Rosana C.

; Lorencini, Tiago S.

; Louzada, Rafael B.

; Lovo, Juliana

; Lozano, Eduardo D.

; Lucas, Eve

; Ludtke, Raquel

; Luz, Christian L.

; Maas, Paul

; Machado, Anderson F.P.

; Macias, Leila

; Maciel, Jefferson R.

; Magenta, Mara A.G.

; Mamede, Maria C.H.

; Manoel, Evelin A.

; Marchioretto, Maria S.

; Marques, Juliana S.

; Marquete, Nilda

; Marquete, Ronaldo

; Martinelli, Gustavo

; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.

; Martins, Ângela B.

; Martins, Erika R.

; Martins, Márcio L.L.

; Martins, Milena V.

; Martins, Renata C.

; Matias, Ligia Q.

; Maya-L., Carlos A.

; Mayo, Simon

; Mazine, Fiorella

; Medeiros, Debora

; Medeiros, Erika S.

; Medeiros, Herison

; Medeiros, João D.

; Meireles, José E.

; Mello-Silva, Renato

; Melo, Aline

; Melo, André L.

; Melo, Efigênia

; Melo, José I.M.

; Menezes, Cristine G.

; Menini Neto, Luiz

; Mentz, Lilian A.

; Mezzonato, A.C.

; Michelangeli, Fabián A.

; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.

; Miotto, Silvia T.S.

; Miranda, Vitor F.O.

; Mondin, Cláudio A.

; Monge, Marcelo

; Monteiro, Daniele

; Monteiro, Raquel F.

; Moraes, Marta D.

; Moraes, Pedro L.R.

; Mori, Scott A.

; Mota, Aline C.

; Mota, Nara F.O.

; Moura, Tania M.

; Mulgura, Maria

; Nakajima, Jimi N.

; Nardy, Camila

; Nascimento Júnior, José E.

; Noblick, Larry

; Nunes, Teonildes S.

; O'Leary, Nataly

; Oliveira, Arline S.

; Oliveira, Caetano T.

; Oliveira, Juliana A.

; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.

; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.

; Oliveira, Regina C.

; Oliveira, Renata S.

; Oliveira, Reyjane P.

; Paixão-Souza, Bruno

; Parra, Lara R.

; Pasini, Eduardo

; Pastore, José F.B.

; Pastore, Mayara

; Paula-Souza, Juliana

; Pederneiras, Leandro C.

; Peixoto, Ariane L.

; Pelissari, Gisela

; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.

; Pennington, Toby

; Perdiz, Ricardo O.

; Pereira, Anna C.M.

; Pereira, Maria S.

; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.

; Pessoa, Clenia

; Pessoa, Edlley M.

; Pessoa, Maria C.R.

; Pinto, Luiz J.S.

; Pinto, Rafael B.

; Pontes, Tiago A.

; Prance, Ghillean T.

; Proença, Carolyn

; Profice, Sheila R.

; Pscheidt, Allan C.

; Queiroz, George A.

; Queiroz, Rubens T.

; Quinet, Alexandre

; Rainer, Heimo

; Ramos, Eliana

; Rando, Juliana G.

; Rapini, Alessandro

; Reginato, Marcelo

; Reis, Ilka P.

; Reis, Priscila A.

; Ribeiro, André R.O.

; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.

; Riina, Ricarda

; Ritter, Mara R.

; Rivadavia, Fernando

; Rocha, Antônio E.S.

; Rocha, Maria J.R.

; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.

; Rodrigues, Karina F.

; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.

; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.

; Rodrigues, William

; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio

; Romão, Gerson O.

; Romero, Rosana

; Roque, Nádia

; Rosa, Patrícia

; Rossi, Lúcia

; Sá, Cyl F.C.

; Saavedra, Mariana M.

; Saka, Mariana

; Sakuragui, Cássia M.

; Salas, Roberto M.

; Sales, Margareth F.

; Salimena, Fatima R.G.

; Sampaio, Daniela

; Sancho, Gisela

; Sano, Paulo T.

; Santos, Alessandra

; Santos, Élide P.

; Santos, Juliana S.

; Santos, Marianna R.

; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.

; Santos-Silva, Fernanda

; São-Mateus, Wallace

; Saraiva, Deisy P.

; Saridakis, Dennis P.

; Sartori, Ângela L.B.

; Scalon, Viviane R.

; Schneider, Ângelo

; Sebastiani, Renata

; Secco, Ricardo S.

; Senna, Luisa

; Senna-Valle, Luci

; Shirasuna, Regina T.

; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.

; Silva, Anádria S.

; Silva, Christian

; Silva, Genilson A.R.

; Silva, Gisele O.

; Silva, Márcia C.R.

; Silva, Marcos J.

; Silva, Otávio L.M.

; Silva, Rafaela A.P.

; Silva, Saura R.

; Silva, Tania R.S.

; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.

; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.

; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela

; Simões, André O.

; Simpson, Beryl

; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.

; Siqueira Filho, José A.

; Siqueira, Carlos E.

; Siqueira, Josafá C.

; Smith, Nathan P.

; Snak, Cristiane

; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.

; Soares, Kelen P.

; Soares, Marcos V.B.

; Soares, Maria L.

; Soares, Polyana N.

; Sobral, Marcos

; Sodré, Rodolfo C.

; Somner, Genise V.

; Sothers, Cynthia A.

; Sousa, Danilo J.L.

; Souza, Elnatan B.

; Souza, Élvia R.

; Souza, Marcelo

; Souza, Maria L.D.R.

; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.

; Spina, Andréa P.

; Stapf, María N.S.

; Stefano, Marina V.

; Stehmann, João R.

; Steinmann, Victor

; Takeuchi, Cátia

; Taylor, Charlotte M.

; Taylor, Nigel P.

; Teles, Aristônio M.

; Temponi, Lívia G.

; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.

; Thode, Veronica

; Thomas, W.Wayt

; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.

; Torke, Benjamin M.

; Torres, Roseli B.

; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.

; Trad, Rafaela J.

; Trevisan, Rafael

; Trovó, Marcelo

; Valls, José F.M.

; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.

; Versieux, Leonardo

; Viana, Pedro L.

; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.

; Vieira, Ana O.S.

; Vieira, Diego D.

; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia

; Vilar, Thaisa

; Vinhos, Franklin

; Wallnöfer, Bruno

; Wanderley, Maria G.L.

; Wasshausen, Dieter

; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.

; Weigend, Maximilian

; Welker, Cassiano A.D.

; Woodgyer, Elizabeth

; Xifreda, Cecilia C.

; Yamamoto, Kikyo

; Zanin, Ana

; Zenni, Rafael D.

; Zickel, Carmem S

Rodriguésia

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2015, Volume 66 N. 4 Pages 1085 - 1113

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411 33340 downloads

13.

Ejercicio físico, desentrenamiento y perfil lipidico en niños obesos: una revisión sistemática
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García-Hermoso, Antonio

; Carmona-López, M. Inés

; Saavedra, José M

; Escalante, Yolanda

Archivos argentinos de pediatría

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dec 2014, Volume 112 N. 6 Pages 519 - 525

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction. Detraining is the loss of improvements obtained through the participation in physical exercise/training after training cessation, an aspect that has been poorly studied in obese child population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of detraining on the lipid profile (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides) of obese children. Population and Methods. Studies were collected through a search across sevendatabases. The search was limited to physical exercise programs that lasted, at least, eight weeks and the corresponding detraining, with an assessment of obese children lipid profile. Effect size (ES), 95% confidence intervals and study heterogeneity were estimated using Cochran's Q test (random effects model). Results. Five studies complied with the inclusion criteria and were selected for review (n= 330). In general, intra-group results (posttest versus detraining) indicated that, following detraining, blood levels of HDL cholesterol (ES= 0.12) and total cholesterol (ES= 1.41) were increased. Likewise, inter-group results (experimental group versus control group) confirmed the increase of HDL cholesterol following detraining (ES= 0.49). Conclusions. The results of this systematic review suggest that detraining after a physical exercise program does not lead to a significant loss of the benefits gained in relation to the lipid profile of obese children. However, given the number of analyzed studies and the heterogeneity observed in the analyses and the period defined as detraining (12 to 48 weeks), a higher number of well designed studies is required to obtain more conclusive results.

Introducción. El desentrenamiento es la pérdida de las mejoras obtenidas por el ejercicio físico/ entrenamiento tras su cese, aspecto poco estudiado en población infantil obesa. Así, el propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos del desentrenamiento sobre el perfil lipídico (HDL, LDL, colesterol total y triglicéridos) en niños obesos. Población y métodos. Los estudios fueron recuperados mediante la búsqueda en siete bases de datos. Dicha búsqueda se limitó a programas de ejercicio físico de, al menos, ocho semanas de duración y su desentrenamiento, y se evaluó el perfil lipídico de niños obesos. Se calculó el tamaño del efecto (TE), sus intervalos de confianza del 95% y la heterogeneidad de los estudios a través de la Q de Cochrane (modelo de efectos aleatorios). Resultados. Cinco estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados para su revisión (n= 330). En general, los resultados intragrupo (postest vs. desentrenamiento) mostraron que, tras el desentrenamiento, el nivel en sangre del colesterol HDL (TE= 0,12) y el colesterol total aumentaron (TE= 1,41). Del mismo modo, los resultados intergrupo (grupo experimental vs. grupo control) confirmaron el aumento del colesterol HDL tras el desentrenamiento (TE= 0,49). Conclusiones. Los resultados de esta revisión sistemática sugieren que el desentrenamiento tras un programa de ejercicio físico no genera una pérdida significativa de los beneficios obtenidos sobre el perfil lipídico de los niños obesos. No obstante, debido al número de estudios analizados y a la heterogeneidad observada en los análisis y en el tiempo considerado como desentrenamiento (de 12 a 48 semanas), se requiere un mayor número de estudios de calidad para obtener resultados más concluyentes.

https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2014.519 949 downloads

14.

Voto económico con incertidumbre. El caso de Chile
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Sáez-Lozano, José Luis

; Jaime-Castillo, Antonio M.

; Letelier-Saavedra, Leonardo E.

El trimestre económico

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dec 2014, Volume 81 N. 324 Pages 809 - 837

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Since Tibbits published in 1931 a study on the relationship between the business cycle and the electorate results, the analysis of economic voting has been outlining a theory that explains the decision of the voters. In this paper we present a model of economic voting, in which voters are assumed to be risk-neutral and uncertain about the prospective economic situation of the country. The voter’s decision is based upon an additively separable utility function, which has two elements: the prospective sociotropic evaluation and the ideological distance between the voter and the candidates. The voter’s goal consists in choosing a candidate who maximizes the expected utility of his decision. By using a pooled data set from presidential elections that took place in Chile in 1993, 1999-2000 and 2005-2006, we conclude that both the electoral context as well as the leadership are the exogenous factors having the biggest impact over the electoral behavior. We also find that Chileans’ economic voting is sophisticated, rational and heterogeneous.

Resumen: Desde que en 1931 Tibbits publicó un estudio sobre la relación entre el ciclo económico y los resultados electorales, el análisis del voto económico ha ido perfilando una teoría que explica la decisión de los electores. A diferencia de otras investigaciones, en este artículo se plantea un modelo de voto económico en el que suponemos que los electores son racionales, neutrales ante el riesgo y poseen incertidumbre ante la situación económica prospectiva del país. El objetivo último del elector es votar por el candidato que le permita maximizar la utilidad esperada de su decisión. De las estimaciones realizadas a partir de la matriz de microdatos agrupados de las elecciones presidenciales celebradas en Chile en 1993, 1999-2000 y 2005-2006, se concluye que el liderazgo y el contexto electoral son los factores que más condicionan el comportamiento de los electores. También comprobamos que el voto económico de los chilenos es sofisticado, racional y heterogéneo.

1082 downloads

15.

Supervivencia comparada a medio plazo entre diálisis peritoneal y hemodiálisis según el acceso vascular de inicio
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García-Cantón, César

; Rufino-Hernández, Juana M.

; Vega-Díaz, Nicanor

; Pérez-Borges, Patricia

; Bosch-Benítez-Parodi, Elvira

; Saavedra, Pedro

; García-Gómez, Carolina

; Marrero-Robayna, Silvia

; Maceira-Cruz, Benito

; Rodríguez-Pérez, José C.

; Checa-Andrés, M. Dolores

Nefrología (Madrid)

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2013, Volume 33 N. 5 Pages 629 - 639

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: A study published in 2011 showed that patients in the Canary Islands, who were incident in peritoneal dialysis (PD) had better survival than those who were incident in hemodialysis (HD). Since initiating hemodialysis with central venous catheter is associated with worse prognosis, it would be possible that the initial vascular access influences the results of survival comparison between both groups. Objective: To conduct a comparative medium-term survival study of patients incident in renal replacement therapy with different modalities in our community, classifying those incident in hemodialysis according to the initial vascular access: established arteriovenous vascular access or central venous catheter. Material and method: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study including all patients who were incident in renal replacement therapy between January 2005 and December 2010, with follow-up until December 2011, in three large hospitals of the Canary Islands. Patients were classified according to the initial modality: PD, HD with established vascular access (HD-FAV) or HD with central venous catheter (HD-Cat). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated for each group and a Cox proportional hazards survival model was used to estimate relative mortality risk for DP as compared to HD-FAV and HD-Cat, adjusting for age and Charlson comorbidity index. An equivalent analysis was then conducted on subgroups defined by age or by the presence of diabetes. Results: 1110 patients were included, with a median age of 63 years, 56% of them were diabetic. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed better survival for PD (66 months) as compared to HD-Cat (41 months), Log Rank p<.001, with no difference between DP and HD-FAV (67 months). Cox regression RR of mortality for HD-Cat versus PD was 2.270 (1.573-3.276); p<.001; no differences were found between HD-FAV and PD patients 0.993 (0.646-1.525) n.s. Subgroup analysis showed equivalent results for diabetic and non-diabetic patients as well as for younger or older ones. Conclusions: better survival of PD patients as compared to HD ones, observed in the Canary Islands, seems to be based on incident HD patients with central venous catheter, while no differences were found between PD and HD with established vascular access. These results could suggest that patients in our community, for whom a vascular access cannot be achieved in predialysis, could have better survival if PD is offered as initial technique, at least until a vascular access is available.

Introducción: En un estudio publicado en 2011 se observó que en la Comunidad Canaria la supervivencia de los pacientes incidentes en diálisis peritoneal (DP) es mejor que la de los pacientes incidentes en hemodiálisis (HD). El inicio de HD con catéter venoso central condiciona un peor pronóstico, por lo que el acceso vascular de inicio podría condicionar la comparación de la supervivencia entre ambas modalidades. Objetivo: Realizar un estudio comparativo en nuestra comunidad de la supervivencia a medio plazo de los pacientes incidentes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo según la modalidad, separando a los pacientes incidentes en HD según el acceso vascular de inicio: acceso vascular arteriovenoso desarrollado o catéter venoso central. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio de cohortes longitudinal retrospectivo, que incluyó todos los pacientes incidentes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2010 seguidos hasta diciembre de 2011 en tres de los grandes hospitales de la Comunidad Canaria y se dividieron, según la modalidad de inicio, en DP, HD con acceso vascular desarrollado (HD-FAV) y HD con catéter venoso central (HD-Cat). Se estimaron las curvas de supervivencia en los distintos grupos mediante Kaplan-Meier y se aplicó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox de supervivencia para estimar los riesgos relativos de mortalidad de DP, frente a HD-FAV y HD-Cat, ajustando para edad e índice de comorbilidad de Charlson. Posteriormente se realizó el mismo análisis por subgrupos definidos por la edad y presencia de diabetes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1110 pacientes, mediana de edad 63 años, 56 % diabéticos. El análisis de Kaplan-Meier muestra una mejor supervivencia de DP (66 meses) frente a HD-Cat (41 meses), log-rank p < 0,001, no existiendo diferencia entre DP y HD-FAV (67 meses). En la regresión de Cox el riesgo relativo de mortalidad de la HD-Cat frente a la DP fue de 2,270 (1,573-3,276); p < 0,001. No se observó diferencia entre los pacientes HD-FAV y DP 0,993 (0,646-1,525). El análisis por subgrupos muestra estos mismos resultados en diabéticos y no diabéticos, y en los pacientes más jóvenes y en los más añosos. Conclusiones: La mejor supervivencia en DP frente a HD observada en el registro de enfermos renales de la Comunidad Canaria parece a expensas de los pacientes incidentes en HD-Cat, no observándose diferencia entre DP y HD-FAV. Estos resultados podrían sugerir que, en nuestro medio, aquellos pacientes en los que, optando inicialmente por HD, no se consigue un acceso vascular desarrollado en la etapa prediálisis podrían obtener un beneficio de supervivencia ofreciéndoles la DP como técnica de inicio, al menos hasta disponer de un acceso vascular definitivo.

https://doi.org/10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2013.May.12048 553 downloads

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