Abstract Mangroves occur in the tropics and subtropics. This region is constantly covered by clouds and therefore highly challenging to map and monitor. Technological advances in remote sensing have increased the flexibility of performing such analyses. In this study, mapping and change detection were carried out for mangrove areas of the South and Southeast regions of Brazil between 2008 and 2016 using multisensor data and geographical object-based image analysis (GEOBIA). The 823.03 km² mangrove areas in study site in 2008 were reduced to 789.00 km² in 2016, representing a net loss of ~34 km². A change detection analysis of the mangrove areas showed a total gain of 138.21 km², a total loss of 172.24 km² and no change for 650.79 km². The GEOBIA classification accuracy was assessed by performing a statistical analysis of confusion matrix: (2008): global accuracy = 0.92, Kappa index = 0.84 and Tau index = 0.84; and (2016): global accuracy = 0.93, Kappa index = 0.86 and Tau index = 0.86. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the GEOBIA to map and analyze mangrove dynamics. The results exhibit an excellent accuracy. Furthermore, mangrove areas in the south and southeast Brazil were mapped from the same methodological approach. subtropics monitor analyses 200 201 objectbased object based GEOBIA. . (GEOBIA) 82303 823 03 823.0 km 78900 789 00 789.0 34 ~3 13821 138 21 138.2 17224 172 24 172.2 65079 650 79 650.7 matrix (2008) 092 0 92 0.92 084 84 0.8 (2016) 093 93 0.93 086 86 dynamics Furthermore approach 20 (GEOBIA 8230 82 823. 7890 78 789. 3 ~ 1382 13 2 138. 1722 17 172. 6507 65 7 650. (2008 09 9 0.9 08 8 0. (2016 1 6 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Abstract Given the ecological and socioeconomic importance of the mangroves of the Brazilian Amazon coast, RapidEye satellite images were analyzed to recognize mangrove forest and salt flat changes to different land use through human activities. Results show that mangroves are still very well preserved, with less than 1% of the total converted to other uses, primarily urban areas and roads. These human activities have been the principal causes of use in the mangrove forest, driven by local anthropogenic pressures resulting from human settlements in the transition zone between the mainland and tidal flats. In contrast, aquaculture, the principal driver of the loss of mangroves in other regions of South America and in Asian countries, plays only a secondary role in habitat conversion on the Amazon coast. However, these human activities demand more attention and policies need to be supported by Brazilian legislation. coast preserved 1 uses roads flats contrast aquaculture countries However legislation

Resumo A distribuição espacial do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) foi estudada a partir de dados oriundos da pesca industrial, os quais foram associados às características geológicas e oceanográficas dos ambientes bentônicos da plataforma continental do Amazonas. A partir do uso de um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), este trabalho teve como objetivo calcular a abundância relativa do camarão rosa baseada na captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) e compará-la com dados batimétricos, tipo de estrutura sedimentar, taxa de sedimentação e salinidade de fundo. Como resultado, nós podemos afirmar que a abundância relativa (em CPUE) não está uniformemente distribuída. A análise espacial indica que o esforço do arrasto da pesca industrial foi realizado na região frontal do delta submerso (foreset) do Amazonas, entre 40 e 60 m de profundidade. Nesta região, os camarões são responsáveis pela bioturbação dos sedimentos e geração de uma estrutura sedimentar chamada lama mosqueada. Na região do foreset, as taxas de sedimentação foram de até 10 cm/yr; o processo de ressuspensão foi reduzido e a salinidade de fundo mostrou-se alta (~ 36). Parece que todos estes fatores definem uma área estável de lama com intensa bioturbação. Esta notável atividade biológica é explicada pela ocorrência de alta abundância de F. subtilis que parece ter sido originada pela alça microbiana. A partir da combinação de dados pesqueiros com dados ambientais em um SIG, é possível identificar um padrão de distribuição de abundância do camarão rosa e outros recursos pesqueiros de importância econômica, assim como compreender como eles variam espacialmente.

Abstract The spatial distribution of the southern brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) was studied based on industrial fishing fleet activities and is associated with geological and oceanographic characteristics of the benthonic environments on the Amazon continental shelf. Using a geographical information system (GIS) this paper sought to calculate the relative abundance of brown shrimp based on catch per unit effort (CPUE) and compare it with bathymetry, type of sedimentary structure, sedimentation rate and bottom salinity. As a result, we have concluded that the relative abundance (in terms of CPUE) is not uniformly distributed in space. Spatial analysis indicates that commercial trawling efforts were made in the (foreset) region of the subaqueous Amazon delta at depths of 40 to 60 m. In this region, prawn are responsible for the bioturbation of the sediments and the creation of a sedimentary structure called mottled mud. In the foreset region, sedimentation rates progressively increased up to 10 cm.yr-1; re-suspension was reduced and bottom salinity was high (~ 36). It appears that all of these factors define a stable muddy area with intense bioturbation. This notable biological activity is to be explained by the occurrence of a high F. subtilis abundance that appears to originate in a microbial loop. We concluded that by combining fishery information with environmental data from a GIS, it was possible to identify abundance distribution patterns for southern brown shrimp and other economically important fishery resources and to understand how they change on a large spatial-scale.

A importância do monitoramento ambiental é medida pelos vários casos de derramamentos de óleo ocorridos no mundo durante as últimas três décadas. Isto tem incentivado as empresas e órgãos do governo envolvidos na prevenção e combate a estes acidentes a aperfeiçoarem cada vez mais os métodos, tanto preventivos como corretivos, para a minimização dos danos gerados por acidentes com derramamento de óleo. Este trabalho objetiva contextualizar de forma histórica como os acidentes com derramamento de óleo propiciaram o desenvolvimento de pesquisa tecnológica a partir de parcerias entre empresas de petróleo, agências de governo, universidades e institutos de pesquisa no Brasil, em especial na zona costeira Amazônica. Como resultado, índices de sensibilidade ambiental ao derramamento de óleo (ISA) foram definidos especialmente para a Amazônia costeira, onde processos fluviais e marinhos se encontram na foz do maior rio do mundo, o rio Amazonas. Perspectivas de pesquisa e respostas de emergência a acidentes são apresentadas, a fim de se conservar a diversidade socioambiental da mais importante região tropical do planeta.

The importance of environmental monitoring is clear from the many oil spills that have occurred over the past three decades. This has encouraged both companies and the public sector involved in the prevention and response to these accidents to develop efficient procedures to minimize the damage caused by accidents involving oil spill. This study reviews the history of oil spill accidents in Brazil and examines how these events have contributed to the development of technological research through partnerships involving oil companies, government, universities and research institutes, with the emphasis on the Amazon coastal zone. As a result, environmental sensitivity indexes (ESIs) for oil spill have been developed specifically for the Amazon coast, where fluvial and marine processes take place in the estuary of the world's largest river system. Perspectives on research and emergency response procedures are presented, with the primary objective of conserving the social-environmental diversity of the planet's most important tropical region.

Os cabos lamosos Cassiporé e Orange no norte do Brasil constituem um ambiente dinâmico influenciado pelo rio Amazonas, onde as modificações na linha de costa estão sujeitas a severos processos de progradação e erosão. Imagens de sensores remotos ópticos e microondas foram coletadas de 1980 a 2003 e analisadas em um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), permitindo a identificação e quantificação da distribuição espacial das áreas de progradação e retrogradação ao longo da linha de costa. Durante este período, as maiores taxas de erosão ocorreram junto ao cabo Cassiporé, com recuo médio de 27,5 metros de distância linear e erosão de 1,37 km² de área de manguezal por ano. Por outro lado, os maiores índices de deposição de sedimentos ocorreram no cabo Orange, onde a planície costeira progradou 24,6 m ao ano, agregando 55,85 km² de manguezal à linha de costa nos últimos vinte e três anos. Os mecanismos de progradação determinaram um acréscimo na vegetação de manguezal de 50,8% ao longo das três últimas décadas. Um balanço sedimentar realizado na área pesquisada demonstrou que predominam os processos construtivos (61,3%) sob os processos erosivos (38,7%).

The Cassiporé and Orange mudcapes in the Northern of Brazil constitute a dynamic environment influenced by the Amazon river, where the shoreline changes are subjected to severe processes of progradation and erosion. Optical and microwaves remote sensed images were acquired from 1980 to 2003, and analyzed in a Geographic Information System (GIS), allowing the identification and quantification of prograding and retrograding areas along the shoreline. During this period, the largest erosion rates had occurred next to the Cassiporé Cape, with mean retreat of 27.5 m of linear distance and erosion of 1.37 km² of mangrove area per year. On the other hand, the largest rates of sediment deposition had occurred in the Orange Cape, where the coastal prograded 24.6 m per year, adding 55.86 km² of mangrove area to shoreline in the last 23 years. The progradation mechanisms have determined an accretion in the mangrove vegetation of 50.8% throughout the last three decades. A sedimentary balance carried out in the study area showed that constructive processes (61.3%) are dominant over erosive processes (38.7%).