RESUMO Buscamos avaliar as variações florísticas e estruturais entre três áreas com origens distintas na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama. Para amostragem da vegetação, foram estabelecidos 30 transectos em três áreas distintas: pós-pasto (PAS), pós-fogo (FIR) e remanescentes conservados (PRE), totalizando uma área amostral de 0,3ha. Todos os indivíduos da camada lenhosa com diâmetro à altura do peito ≥ 2,5 cm foram amostrados. As variações na composição florística foram avaliadas por meio do NMDS, com base na presença ou ausência de espécies. Há claras variações entre as três áreas avaliadas, sendo que a área do PRE apresenta maior riqueza de espécies, diversidade florística e área basal, com parâmetros semelhantes às florestas de alta diversidade do norte do Espírito Santo e sul da Bahia. A realização de inventários e monitoramento dos remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas em regiões negligenciadas são fundamentais para o planejamento de medidas de conservação e enriquecimento dessas vegetações. Sooretama vegetação 3 póspasto pós pasto PAS, PAS , (PAS) pósfogo fogo FIR (FIR PRE, (PRE) 03ha ha 0 3ha 0,3ha 25 2 5 2, amostrados NMDS espécies basal Bahia vegetações (PAS (PRE

ABSTRACT We sought to evaluate the floristic and structural variations between three areas with distinct backgrounds in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, remnantd of Lowland Atlantic Forest in Brazil. For vegetation sampling, 30 transects were established in three different areas: post-pasture (PAS), post-fire (FIR), and preserved (PRE) remnants, totaling a sample area of 0.3ha. All individuals in the woody layer with diameter at breast height ≥ 2.5cm were sampled. Variations in floristic composition were evaluated by means of NMDS, based on the presence or absence of species. There are clear variations between the three areas evaluated, in which the PRE area presents greater species richness, floristic diversity, and basal area, with parameters similar to forests of high diversity in northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia. The performance of inventories and monitoring of the remnants of Lowland Atlantic Forests in neglected regions are fundamental for planning conservation and enrichment measures of these vegetations Reserve Brazil sampling 3 postpasture post pasture PAS, PAS , (PAS) postfire fire FIR, FIR (FIR) (PRE 03ha ha 0 3ha 0.3ha 25cm cm 2 5cm sampled NMDS richness Bahia (PAS (FIR

ABSTRACT Poverty, malnutrition and neglected tropical diseases such as soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) interact in a multi-causal feedback network. This study aimed to assess the relationships between STHs, income and nutritional status of children in impoverished communities in the city of Caxias, Maranhao State, Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional survey (n=259 children) was carried out with the collection of fecal samples and assessment of sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary and sanitation data. Hookworm infection and ascariasis presented prevalence rates of 14.3% and 9.3%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that hookworm infection was more frequent in males (odds ratio [OR]=3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.45-8.08), children aged 11-15 years old (OR=3.72; 95% CI=1.19-11.62), children living in poor families (OR=2.44; 95% CI=1.04-5.68) and those living in rented houses (OR=5.74; 95%CI=1.91-17.25). Concerning ascariasis, living in the Caldeiroes community (OR=0.01; 95%CI=0-0.17) and belonging to the 11-15 years age group (OR=0.21; 95%CI=0.04-1.02) were protection factors. Poor children have a significantly lower frequency of consumption of meat, milk, vegetables, tubers and fruits than not poor children. The frequent consumption of meat, milk and tubers was associated with significant higher values in the parameter height-for-age, whereas the consumption of meat and milk positively influenced the weight-for-age. The frequencies of stunting, underweight and wasting were 8.1%, 4.9% and 2.9%, respectively. The multivariate model demonstrated that stunting was significantly associated with economic poverty (OR=2.82; 95%CI=1.03-7.70) and low weight was associated with male sex (OR=6.43; 95% CI=1.35-30.68). In conclusion, the study describes the interactions between the dimensions of development represented by income, STHs and nutritional status revealing the importance of raising income levels to improve the living conditions of families in impoverished communities in Northeastern Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar e quantificar os constituintes do óleo essencial de Zanthoxylum caribaeum e avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano de diferentes extratos vegetais e do óleo essencial desta planta frente a diferentes sorotipos de Salmonella enterica, de maior ocorrência e isoladas na região oeste do Paraná, Brasil. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada utilizando aparelho Clevenger e a composição química foi determinada por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM). Os extratos foram obtidos através de diferentes solventes (etanol, metanol, hexano, acetona, diclorometano, acetato de etila e água destilada). A atividade antibacteriana foi realizada segundo a técnica de microdiluição em caldo. As análises de CG-EM resultaram na identificação de 15 constituintes principais, todos terpenos, representando 63,88 % do total de óleo essencial. Os compostos majoritários identificados foram Germacreno-D (20,77 %), a-Panasinseno (14,40 %) e b-Selineno (11,68 %). O óleo essencial apresentou atividade antibacteriana frente a 5 sorotipos de Salmonella enterica, com CIM e CBM variando de 7000 a 437 µg.mL-1. Já os extratos variam a CIM e CBM de 200 a 25 mg.mL-1, sendo eficazes para a maioria dos sorotipos de S. enterica, com exceção do extrato aquoso. Os resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial e os extratos das folhas de Z. caribaeum representam uma alternativa para o controle de S. enterica, no setor avícola, refletindo uma nova perspectiva para estudos com produtos naturais.

SUMMARY The present study aimed to identify and quantify the components of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum caribaeum and to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different plant extracts and the essential oil of this plant against different serotypes of Salmonella enterica, which is of greater occurrence and isolated in the western region of Paraná, Brazil. The extraction of the essential oil was performed using Clevenger apparatus and the chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts were obtained through different solvents (ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetone, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and distilled water). The antibacterial activity was carried out according to the broth microdilution technique. The GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of 15 main components, all terpenes, representing 63.88% of the total essential oil. The major compounds identified were Germacrene-D (20.77%), a-Panasinsene (14.40 %) and b-Selinene (11.68 %). The essential oil presented antibacterial activity against 5 serotypes of Salmonella enterica, with MIC and MBC ranging from 7000 to 437 μg.mL-1. While MIC and MBC from the range from 200 to 25 mg.mL-1, being effective to most serotypes of S. enterica, with the exception of the aqueous extract. The results suggest that the essential oil and leaf extracts of Z. caribaeum represent an alternative for the control of S. enterica in the poultry sector, in this way reflecting a new perspective for studies with natural products.

Este trabalho faz parte de uma reflexão proposta no transcorrer da disciplina de Didática e Instrumentação para o Ensino de Biologia no quinto ano do Curso de Ciências Biológicas, modalidade Licenciatura, de uma universidade pública do Oeste do Paraná-Brasil. Esta pesquisa objetivou diagnosticar como vem sendo desenvolvido o estágio supervisionado nesta instituição, e verificar se ocorre uma articulação entre a instituição de ensino superior (IES) e a escola de educação Básica (EEB), no sentido de apontar anseios e dúvidas dos alunos da formação inicial, bem como promover trocas de saberes e experiências para a promoção desta formação. A avaliação de um questionário aplicado a 19 acadêmicos, como instrumento de coleta de dados revelou que apesar das atuais normativas propostas para a realização do estágio supervisionado, o envolvimento entre professores supervisores, regentes de classe e os alunos em formação, no entanto, ocorre de maneira desarticulada. Por outro lado, se constatou que existem diferentes dificuldades no desenvolvimento do estágio supervisionado, denotando a necessidade da promoção de debates e discussões sobre esta questão pelos envolvidos na formação de professores, no que se refere à responsabilidade de planejar, acompanhar e avaliar o estágio supervisionado.

This work is part of a proposed reflection during the course of Didactics and Instrumentation for the Teaching of Biology in the 5th year of the Biological Sciences degree form a Public University of West Paraná- Brasil. This study aimed to diagnose as it is being developed supervised training in this institution, and check if there is a link between higher education institution (HEI) and school education (BSE) in order to solve doubts and anxieties of students in initial training, and promote exchanges of experiences to promote knowledge of such training. The assessment questionnaire as an instrument to collect da traveled that despite the current regulatory proposals to perform the supervised training, the involvement of supervising teachers, conductors and students in classroom training still occurs in a disjointed, where most the time teachers ruling class of exempt itself from its responsibility to these future teachers trainers. Therefore, it was found that there are differences and difficulties in the development of supervised training, emphasizing the need to promote debate and discussion on this issue by those involved in teacher training, regarding the responsibility to plan, monitor and evaluate the supervised training.

Ce travails'inscrit dans le cadred'une réflexion proposée dans le cours de la discipline de Didactique etd'Instrumentation pourl'Enseignement de la Biologieen 5 ème année du cours de Sciencesde la Vieà l´Universidade Pública do Oeste do Paraná- Brasil.Cette étude viseà diagnostiquercomment la formation supervisée est développéedans cette institution,et vérifiers'il ya unlien entre l'Établissement d'EnseignementSupérieur(EES) et l' École d'Éducation de Base (EEB) en vue de résoudreles douteset les angoisses desétudiants en formation initiale, et promouvoir les échangesde connaissances et d'expériences pour promouvoir une telle formation.L'évaluation d'unquestionnaire administré à19 élèves, comme un instrumentde collecte des donnéesa révélé quemalgré les propositionsde réglementation actuelpour effectuer laformation supervisée, l'engagement parmi enseignants, desrégent de classeet des étudiants dansla formation en classese produit toujoursd'une manière desarticulée.Par conséquent, on a constaté qu'il existe des différenceset des difficultés dansle développement de laformation supervisée, en insistant sur la nécessité depromouvoir le débatet la discussionsur cette question parceux qui sont impliquésdans laformation des enseignants,concernant laresponsabilité de planifier, suivre et évaluer la formationsupervisée.

Este trabajo hace parte de una reflexión propuesta en el transcurrir de la disciplina de Didáctica e instrumentación para la Enseñanza de Biología en el 5° grado del curso de Ciencias Biológicas, modalidad licenciatura de una Universidad Pública del Oeste del Paraná- Brasil. Esta búsqueda objetivó diagnosticar como viene siendo desarrollado el aprendizaje supervisado en esa institución, además de averiguar si ocurre una articulación entre institución de enseñanza superior (IES) y escuela de educación básica (EEB) en el sentido de sanar anhelos y dudas de los alumnos en la formación inicial, además de promover cambios de saberes y experiencias para la promoción de esa formación. La evaluación de un cuestionario aplicado para 19 académicos, como instrumento de colecta de datos reveló que a pesar de las actuales normativas propuestas para la realización del aprendizaje supervisado, o envolvimiento entre profesores supervisores, regentes de clase y alumnos en formación todavía ocurre de manera desarticulada. Por lo tanto, se constató que hay diversidad y dificultades en el desarrollo del aprendizaje supervisado, denotando la necesidad de la promoción de debates y discusiones acerca de esta cuestión por los envueltos en la formación de profesores, en lo que se refiere a la responsabilidad de planear, acompañar y evaluar el aprendizaje supervisado.