Abstract The hematological parameters of fish contribute to the understanding of the health status in response to diseases, treatments, handling, and environmental factors. This study aimed to verify the hematological parameters of mullet Mugil liza after one-hour immersion baths in five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an effective chemical treatment for several diseases in fish. A total of 108 fish (35.25 ± 6.09g) was distributed into six treatments with three replicates each: untreated fish (control), and fish treated with five concentrations of H2O2 (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mg L-1). Blood collection was performed immediately after bathing and 30 days after. Erythrogram, leukogram, thrombocytogram, hematocrit, plasma glucose, hemoglobin concentration and hematimetric indexes were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the erythrocyte and total leukocyte counts. Regarding plasma glucose and hematimetric indexes, the values were increased (p<0.05), except for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), that was decreased (p<0.05) after bath, including control. These responses may be associated to stress from handling and bathing procedure. In fish treated with H2O2, the number of thrombocytes and lymphocytes was lower (p<0.05) immediately after bath, while neutrophils and monocytes showed increased (p<0.05) values immediately after bath, which indicates adverse effects due to H2O2; however, these effects seem to be reversible after 30 days of recovery. The findings indicate that the exposure of M. liza juveniles to baths of 1 hour with up to 350 mg L-1 is safe, without significant risks in causing adverse physiological effects. factors onehour one HO , H O (H2O2) 10 35.25 3525 35 25 (35.2 6.09g 609g g 6 09g each control, control (control) H2O 150, 150 (150 200 250 L1. L1 L . L-1) 3 Erythrogram leukogram thrombocytogram hematocrit analyzed counts p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 0 05 MCV, MCV (MCV) (p<0.05 bath procedure however recovery M L- safe (H2O2 35.2 352 2 (35. (control 15 (15 20 p00 p<0.0 (MCV (p<0.0 (H2O 35. (35 (1 p0 p<0. (p<0. (3 ( p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the spatial distribution of chemical and textural soil variables in a multistrata agroforestry system. A total of 73 georeferenced soil samples were collected at depths of 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The studied parameters were: pH H2O , potential acidity (H+Al), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), aluminum (Al 3+ ), sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), phosphorus (P), organic carbon (C org ), cation exchange capacity (T-value), base saturation (V-value), total clay, total sand, and silt. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in R software using the FactoMineR and Factoextra packages. For variables with spatial dependence, ordinary kriging was performed using the best-fitted model. For variables without spatial dependence, inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation was applied (power = 2). The spherical model was the best fit for chemical attributes. IDW interpolation accurately mapped the textural attributes. It was concluded that geostatistics enabled a detailed analysis of chemical and textural attributes. system 7 1020 10 20 10-2 2040 40 20-4 HO H O H+Al, HAl H+Al Al (H+Al) Ca 2 ) Mg 3 Na K P, P (P) C Tvalue, Tvalue T value (T-value) Vvalue, Vvalue V (V-value) clay sand silt PCA (PCA packages dependence bestfitted fitted (IDW power 2. . 2) attributes 102 1 10- 204 4 20- (H+Al (P (T-value (V-value

ABSTRACT In recent years, the identification and economic valuation of ecosystem services have been identified as an important tool to recognize and translate nature’s contribution to people’s well-being. It is understood that assessing the economic value of ecosystem services contributes to better decision-making process regarding ecosystems, since it helps evaluation of trade-offs in alternative scenarios. Sandy beaches are among the most valuable coastal ecosystems, especially in regards to cultural services; however, they are still commonly subjected to several impacts that compromise the ecosystem integrity and capacity to provide multiple services, especially in the Global South. For this reason, management policies are crucial to reduce negative impacts. Assessing ecosystem services should be seen as a strategic approach to provide empirical support to these policies. We reviewed studies assessing and valuing sandy beach services in Brazil to identify strengths and gaps that could guide future studies. Our analysis showed that, despite Brazil being one of the leading countries in the published literature on sandy beach science, the number of studies assessing and valuing ecosystem services are small. Most of those studies are published in the native language, Portuguese, limiting the possibility of discussion and experience exchange at the international level. The services related to the use of beaches for tourism and leisure are the main category evaluated, and studies seem to focus on tourist beaches, especially those providing monetary evaluation, which follows the global trend. An increase in the number of published studies in recent years suggests a growing interest in the research subject. Based on the literature review, we discuss the results and make recommendations to guide and foster studies assessing beach services in the context of the Ocean Science Decade.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e do sistema nervoso autônomo de recém-nascidos prematuros ao posicionamento do corpo e ruídos ambientais na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: Este foi um estudo quasi-experimental. O sistema nervoso autônomo de recém-nascidos foi avaliado com base na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca quando os recém-nascidos foram expostos ao ruído ambiental e colocados em diferentes posições: supina sem suporte, supina com restrição manual e prona. Resultados: Cinquenta recém-nascidos prematuros foram avaliados (idade gestacional de 32,6 ± 2,3 semanas, peso de 1.816 ± 493g e nível Brazelton de sono/vigília de 3 a 4). Identificou-se correlação positiva entre o ruído ambiental e a atividade simpática (R = 0,27; p = 0,04). O ruído ambiental médio foi de 53 ± 14dB. A frequência cardíaca foi mais elevada na posição supina do que nas posições com restrição manual e prona (148,7 ± 21,6; 141,9 ± 16 e 144 ± 13, respectivamente; p = 0,001). A atividade simpática, representada por um índice de baixa frequência, foi mais elevada na posição supina (p < 0,05) do que nas demais posições, e a atividade parassimpática (alta frequência, raiz quadrada da média dos quadrados das diferenças entre os intervalos RR normais adjacentes e porcentagem dos intervalos R-R adjacentes com diferença de duração maior que 50ms) foi mais elevada na posição prona (p < 0,05) do que nas demais posições. A complexidade dos ajustes autonômicos (entropia aproximada e entropia da amostra) foi mais baixa na posição supina do que nas demais posições. Conclusão: A posição prona e a posição com restrição manual aumentaram tanto a atividade parassimpática quanto a complexidade dos ajustes autonômicos em comparação com a posição supina, mesmo na presença de ruído ambiental maior do que o nível recomendado, o que tende a aumentar a atividade simpática.

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the physiological and autonomic nervous system responses of premature newborns to body position and noise in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A quasi-experimental study. The autonomic nervous system of newborns was evaluated based on heart rate variability when the newborns were exposed to environmental noise and placed in different positions: supine without support, supine with manual restraint and prone. Results: Fifty premature newborns were evaluated (gestational age: 32.6 ± 2.3 weeks; weight: 1816 ± 493g; and Brazelton sleep/awake level: 3 to 4). A positive correlation was found between environmental noise and sympathetic activity (R = 0.27, p = 0.04). The mean environmental noise was 53 ± 14dB. The heart rate was higher in the supine position than in the manual restraint and prone positions (148.7 ± 21.6, 141.9 ± 16 and 144 ± 13, respectively) (p = 0.001). Sympathetic activity, represented by a low frequency index, was higher in the supine position (p < 0.05) than in the other positions, and parasympathetic activity (high frequency, root mean square of the sum of differences between normal adjacent mean R-R interval and percentage of adjacent iRR that differed by more than 50ms) was higher in the prone position (p < 0.05) than in the other positions. The complexity of the autonomic adjustments (approximate entropy and sample entropy) was lower in the supine position than in the other positions. Conclusion: The prone position and manual restraint position increased both parasympathetic activity and the complexity of autonomic adjustments in comparison to the supine position, even in the presence of higher environmental noise than the recommended level, which tends to increase sympathetic activity.

RESUMO. Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a intensidade e a frequência de desfolhação de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) por bezerras de corte exclusivamente em pastejo ou recebendo grão de milho ou produto comercial extrusado com gordura como suplemento. O método de pastejo foi contínuo com número variável de animais. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo, três tratamentos e duas repetições por área. O filocrono do azevém foi de 140,1 e 303,4°GD folha-1 a duração de vida da folha. A intensidade (67,0%) e a frequência de desfolha (6,4 dias) foram semelhantes, independente do fornecimento ou não de suplemento energético para as bezerras em pastejo. A frequência de desfolhação indica que os animais podem retornar cerca de 3,3 vezes ao mesmo perfilho durante a duração de vida de uma folha. Considerando as diferentes categorias de lâminas foliares, o fornecimento de gordura extrusada faz com que as bezerras removam maior proporção (66,5%) de lâminas foliares em expansão. Em pastagem de azevém, a eficiência de uso da forragem não é modificada quando as bezerras de corte recebem suplemento energético.

ABSTRACT. The intensity and frequency of defoliation of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by beef heifers exclusively grazing or receiving corn grain or extruded commercial product with fat as supplement were evaluated. The grazing method was put-and-take stocking. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, three treatments and two area replications. The phyllochron of ryegrass was 140.1 and 303.4°GD the leaf lifespan. The intensity (67.0 %) and the frequency of defoliation (6.4 days) were similar, regardless of supply or no of energetic supplement for grazing heifers. The defoliation frequency indicates that the heifers can return about 3.3 times to the same tiller during the leaf lifespan. Considering the different categories of leaf blades, the supply of extruded fat causes the heifers to remove higher proportion (66.5 %) of expanding leaf blades. On ryegrass pasture, the efficiency of forage use is not modified when heifers receive energetic supplement.

Foram avaliadas as variáveis morfogênicas, estruturais e os fluxos de tecidos foliares de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sob duas taxas de lotação: 'Baixa' e 'Alta'. Essas taxas foram determinadas por bezerras, exclusivamente em pastejo ou em pastejo e recebendo grão de milho como suplemento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo com duas taxas de lotação, duas e quatro repetições de área para a taxa de lotação 'Baixa' e 'Alta', respectivamente. As variáveis morfogênicas do azevém, o número de folhas verdes e a densidade de perfilhos foram similares em ambas as taxas de lotação. A taxa de senescência foliar foi superior na taxa de lotação 'Baixa'. As bezerras pastejaram com intensidade e frequência similar em ambas as taxas de lotação. O aumento de 33,6% na taxa de lotação ocasionado pelo uso de suplemento para bezerras em pastejo não altera os fluxos de biomassa do azevém, mas altera a sua eficiência potencial de utilização próximo ao estádio reprodutivo da planta.

Morphogenetic, structural variables and leaf biomass flows of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were evaluated under two stocking rates: 'Low' and 'High'. These rates were determined by heifers exclusively on pasture or on pasture and supplemented with corn grain. The experimental design was completely randomized following a repeated measure arrangement, two stocking rates, two and four replications of area for the stocking rates 'low' and 'high', respectively. The morphogenetic variables, the number of green leaves and tiller density were similar in both stocking rates. Leaf senescence rate was higher with low stocking rate. Heifers grazed with similar intensity and frequency in both stocking rates. The increase by 33.6% in the stocking rate caused by the use of supplement does not change the leaf biomass flow of Italian ryegrass, but alters its potential efficiency of use near the reproductive stage of the plant.