Abstract Background: Tillandsia recurvata collected in San Luis Potosí does not have studies focused on its use as an adjuvant in treating diabetes mellitus. Questions and / or Hypotheses: Will Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) have antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo? Studied species: Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) Study site and dates: T. recurvata was collected in Guadalcázar municipality, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, in December 2021. Methods: The antidiabetic potential of Tillandsia recurvata methanol extract (TRM) was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models, and its secondary metabolite content was analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Results demonstrate that extract reduces blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in vivo. In addition, in vitro tests showed that extract diminished the formation of advanced glycation end products, methylglyoxal concentrations, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified several compounds in the extract, including 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, 3',5' dimethoxyacetophenone, pentanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, phytol, margaric acid, oleamide, cis-11-eicosenamide, stearic acid, 13-docosenamide, (Z), campesterol, and β-sitosterol. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of T. recurvata collected in San Luis Potosi as an adjuvant in treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Resumen Antecedentes: Tillandsia recurvata colectada en San Luis Potosí, no cuenta con estudios enfocados a su uso como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae), tendrá actividad antidiabética in vitro e in vivo? Especies de estudio: Tillandsia recurvata L. (Bromeliaceae) Sitio y años de estudio: T. recurvata fue colectada en el municipio de Guadalcazar, San Luis Potosí, México, en diciembre 2021. Métodos: Se evaluó el potencial antidiabético del extracto de metanol de Tillandsia recurvata (TRM) en modelos in vitro e in vivo y se realizó un perfilamiento de los metabolitos secundarios presentes mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que el extracto reduce eficazmente los niveles de glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol en sangre in vivo. Además, las pruebas in vitro indican que el extracto reduce la formación de productos finales de glicación avanzada, así como la concentración de metilglioxal y los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada. El análisis por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas identificó varios compuestos presentes en el extracto, incluidos: 2-metilbenzaldehído, 4-hidroxi-2-metilacetofenona, 3',5'-dimetoxiacetofenona, ácido pentanóico, ácido palmítico, ácido linoleico, fitol, ácido margárico, oleamida, cis- 11-Eicosenamida, ácido esteárico, 13-Docosenamida, (Z), campesterol y β-sitosterol. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos resaltan el potencial de T. recurvata recolectada en San Luis Potosí como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus, debido a sus propiedades antidiabéticas.

Resumen Haemonchus contortus es un nematodo hematófago con alta tasa de reproducción, considerado como el principal problema en pequeños rumiantes en pastoreo. Por tanto, se buscan alternativas de tratamiento con base en el uso de los extractos vegetales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad ovicida de Artemisia cina contra el parásito Haemonchus contortus y caracterizar químicamente el extracto con mayor actividad biológica a través de cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masas (CG-MS). La obtención de los extractos a evaluar, se realizó con la técnica de maceración utilizando metanol, acetato de etilo y n-hexano. Los extractos se llevaron a sequedad total y se desafiaron frente a los huevos de H. contortus utilizando la técnica de inhibición de la eclosión de huevos descrita por la Asociación Mundial para el Avance de la Parasitología Veterinaria (WAAVP, por sus siglas en inglés). El extracto metanólico (EM) mostró el 100 % de actividad ovicida a una concentración de 4.25 mg/ml, siendo el más activo a una baja concentración, por tanto se caracterizó con CG-MS. EL EM posee principalmente ácidos grasos y terpenos; de ellos, el ácido hexadecanoico y el 2-[4-metil-6-(2,6,6-trimetilciclohex-1-enil) exa-1,3,5-trienil][ciclohex]-1-en-carboxialdehido. Los compuestos caracterizados han mostrado actividad antihelmíntica previamente reportada, por lo que la actividad ovicida puede estar asociada a estos. En conclusión, el extracto metanólico de A. cina tuvo una mayor actividad ovicida a bajas concentraciones, esto se debe probablemente a la presencia de ácidos grasos y terpenos.

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is a hematophagous nematode with a high reproduction rate, considered to be the main problem in grazing small ruminants. Therefore, treatment alternatives based on the use of plant extracts are sought. This study aimed to evaluate the ovicidal activity of Artemisia cina against the parasite Haemonchus contortus and to chemically characterize the extract with the highest biological activity through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts to be evaluated were obtained through the maceration technique using methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. The extracts were taken to total dryness and challenged against H. contortus eggs using the egg-hatching inhibition technique described by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). The methanolic extract (ME) showed 100 % ovicidal activity at a concentration of 4.25 mg/ml, being the most active at a low concentration; therefore, it was characterized by GC-MS. ME mainly contains fatty acids and terpenes; among them are hexadecanoic acid and 2-[4-methyl-6-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)hexa-1,3,5-trienyl][cyclohex]-1-en-carboxyaldehyde. The characterized compounds have shown previously reported anthelmintic activity so that ovicidal activity may be associated with them. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of A. cina had a higher ovicidal activity at low concentrations; this is probably due to the presence of fatty acids and terpenes.

This article presents the findings of a South African study conducted in a private Higher Education Institution. The aim of the article was to explore teaching strategies suitable for hybrid classrooms, to create an environment to integrate virtual and in-person student groups for optimal learning outcomes. A hybrid classroom requires academic staff to engage both groups in student-centred activities and therefore, this article argues that traditional teaching strategies may not be optimal in achieving integration. This exploratory study employed a practical action research design, to teaching strategies in hybrid classrooms. The data was collected by conducting class observation and two focus groups. The study used Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis for data analysis. The findings indicated that academic staff have a limited understanding regarding teaching strategies that would bridge the gap between virtual and in-person students. The study emphasised the necessity of an inquiry-based mindset in the hybrid teaching environment. The focus groups unanimously advocated for adopting an "adapted student-centred instructional approach" to address hybrid classroom challenges. This research contributes to understanding student-centred teaching strategies in hybrid classrooms. The key insight was that teacher-centred approaches by academic staff did not equally integrate virtual and in-person student participation. The study underscores the importance of lecturer training in effective student-centred teaching strategies for optimal learning in hybrid classrooms

Abstract The fungus Rhizopus stolonifer causes the rotting of fruits and vegetables, so it is important to search for biological control alternatives. The objective was to perform antagonism and evaluate the antifungal activity of H. coffeata against R. stolonifer. The percentage reduction in mycelial growth (PRCM) and the type of antagonism of R. stolonifer were evaluated when growing it together with the antagonist strains, and the antifungal activity of the H. coffeata culture broth was evaluated. The PRCM was higher for H. coffeata and Daldinia sp.; they presented class 1 antagonism and contact inhibition since the mycelium of H. coffeata rolled up the hyphae of R. stolonifer. The three H. coffeata culture broths affected the growth of R. stolonifer, but it was more evident in the coculture, so through this system molecules can be obtained to be used in the bio-control of R. stolonifer.

Resumen El hongo Rhizopus stolonifer causa pudrición de frutas y verduras, por lo que es importante la búsqueda de alternativas de control biológico. El objetivo fue realizar antagonismo y evaluar la actividad antifúngica de H. coffeata contra R. stolonifer. Se evaluó el porcentaje de reducción del crecimiento micelial (PRCM) y el tipo de antagonismo de R. stolonifer al crecerlo junto con las cepas antagonistas y se evaluó la actividad antifúngica del caldo de cultivo de H. coffeata. El PRCM fue mayor para H. coffeata y Daldinia sp., presentaron antagonismo de clase 1, inhibición por contacto, ya que el micelio de H. coffeata enrolló las hifas de R. stolonifer. Los tres caldos de cultivo de H. coffeata presentaron efecto sobre el crecimiento de R. stolonifer, pero, fue más evidente en el cocultivo, por lo que mediante este sistema se puede obtener moléculas para utilizarse en el bio-control de R. stolonifer.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The cause of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can be multifactorial and may underly limitations in swallowing rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the factors related to dysphagia in patients with COVID-19 immediately after orotracheal extubation and the factors that influence swallowing rehabilitation. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study. METHODS: The presence of dysphagia was evaluated using the American Speech-Language Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System (ASHA NOMS) scale and variables that influenced swallowing rehabilitation in 140 adult patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation for >48 h. RESULTS: In total, 46.43% of the patients scored 1 or 2 on the ASHA NOMS (severe dysphagia) and 39.29% scored 4 (single consistency delivered orally) or 5 (exclusive oral diet with adaptations). Both the length of mechanical ventilation and the presence of neurological disorders were associated with lower ASHA NOMS scores (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.87 P < 0.05; and OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.61–0.29; P < 0.05, respectively). Age and the presence of tracheostomy were negatively associated with speech rehabilitation (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87–−0.96; OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.80–−0.75), and acute post-COVID-19 kidney injury requiring dialysis and lower scores on the ASHA NOMS were associated with longer time for speech therapy outcomes (β: 1.62, 95% CI, 0.70–3.17, P < 0.001; β: −1.24, 95% CI: −1.55–−0.92; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Prolonged orotracheal intubation and post-COVID-19 neurological alterations increase the probability of dysphagia immediately after extubation. Increased age and tracheostomy limited rehabilitation. BACKGROUND COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 OBJECTIVE COVID-1 SETTING study METHODS SpeechLanguage Speech Language 14 48 >4 h RESULTS total 4643 46 43 46.43 severe 3929 39 29 39.29 single orally exclusive adaptations. adaptations . adaptations) odds OR [OR] 080 0 80 0.80 95 CI [CI] 074087 74 87 0.74–0.8 0.05 005 05 013 13 0.13 0.61–0.29 061029 61 respectively. respectively respectively) (OR 0.92 092 92 0.87–−0.96 087096 96 0.24 024 24 0.80–−0.75, 080075 0.80–−0.75 , 75 0.80–−0.75) postCOVID19 postCOVID post post-COVID-1 β (β 162 62 1.62 070317 70 3 17 0.70–3.17 0.001 0001 001 124 −1.24 −1.55–−0.92 155092 55 0.001. 0.001) CONCLUSION COVID1 (COVID-1 COVID- > 464 46.4 392 39.2 [OR 08 8 0.8 9 [CI 07408 7 0.74–0. 0.0 00 01 0.1 0.61–0.2 06102 6 0.9 09 0.87–−0.9 08709 0.2 02 08007 0.80–−0.7 postCOVID1 post-COVID- 16 1.6 07031 0.70–3.1 0.00 000 12 −1.2 −1.55–−0.9 15509 (COVID- 46. 39. 0. 0740 0.74–0 0.61–0. 0610 0.87–−0. 0870 0800 0.80–−0. post-COVID 1. 0703 0.70–3. −1. −1.55–−0. 1550 (COVID 074 0.74– 0.61–0 061 0.87–−0 087 0.80–−0 070 0.70–3 −1 −1.55–−0 155 07 0.74 0.61– 06 0.87–− 0.80–− 0.70– − −1.55–− 15 0.7 0.61 0.87– 0.80– 0.70 −1.55– 0.6 0.87 −1.55 −1.5

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is an important parasite in sheep and the abuse of anti-helminthics has resulted in a rapid resistance. Little is known about the abomasal microbiota in sheep and the relation to local parasitism. This study aimed to identify bacteria in the abomasum of sheep, through the abomasal content, abomasal mucosa, and adult H. contortus parasites, in high and low parasitism. Eight sheep naturally infected with H. contortus were classified as high (n = 4) and low infection (n = 4). Samples of abomasal contents, abomasal mucosa, and adult H. contortus parasites were collected. Samples were pooled to form six groups, three in each level of parasitism: high infection/abomasal contents (HC), high infection/mucosa (HM), high infection/parasites (HP); low infection/abomasal contents (LC), low infection/mucosa (LM), and low infection/parasites (LP). Molecular identification of bacteria was performed by the amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene. A similar distribution of phyla was observed between pools HC/LC and HP/LP. For pools HM/LM, there was a significant difference (p = 0.01) in the proportion of phyla observed. The bacterial phyla predominant for libraries HC/LC were Firmicutes (82% and 62%) and Bacteroidetes (10.4% and 17.6%); for HM/LM, Firmicutes (76.9% and 56%) and Proteobacteria (10.2% and 38.4%); and for HP/LP, Proteobacteria (42.8% and 55%) and Firmicutes (31.6% and 40%). We observed differences about the samples analyzed, suggesting that there are various bacterial communities closely associated with the different materials analyzed, even from the close environment. antihelminthics anti helminthics resistance parasitism content mucosa H n 4 4. . collected groups infectionabomasal HC, HC , (HC) infectionmucosa HM, HM (HM) infectionparasites HP (HP) LC, LC (LC) LM, LM (LM) LP. LP (LP) S gene HCLC HPLP HP/LP HMLM HM/LM p 0.01 001 0 01 82% 82 (82 62% 62 10.4% 104 10 (10.4 17.6% 176 17 6 17.6%) 76.9% 769 76 9 (76.9 56% 56 10.2% 102 2 (10.2 38.4% 384 38 38.4%) 42.8% 428 42 8 (42.8 55% 55 31.6% 316 31 (31.6 40%. 40 40% 40%) analyzed environment (HC (HM (HP (LC (LM (LP 0.0 00 (8 10.4 1 (10. 17.6 76.9 7 (76. 5 10.2 38.4 3 42.8 (42. 31.6 (31. 0. ( 10. (10 17. 76. (76 38. 42. (42 31. (31 (1 (7 (4 (3

RESUMO Contexto: A infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori apresenta-se amplamente difundida globalmente e é comprovadamente causadora de patologias potencialmente graves. Diversos métodos diagnósticos existem com o propósito de identificar e tratar os portadores dessa bactéria. Testes sorológicos para diagnóstico da infecção se baseiam na detecção de anticorpos imunoglobulina G anti-H.pylori, sendo uma opção não-invasiva, barata e de fácil realização. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa pesquisa é determinar a acurácia de um teste sorológico imunocromatográfico para verificar a viabilidade do uso desse método em pacientes que não realizaram terapia de erradicação prévia. Métodos: Foram aplicados testes rápidos e questionários em 53 participantes que realizaram endoscopia digestiva alta com pesquisa de H. pylori entre o período de setembro e outubro de 2021. Os resultados foram comparados com a histopatologia. Resultados: Foram obtidos nos testes rápidos 7 resultados positivos e 46 negativos. Ao comparar com o padrão-ouro, os seguintes valores foram descritos: Sensibilidade 54,5%, especificidade 97,6%, valor preditivo positivo 85,7% e valor preditivo negativo 89,1%. No presente estudo, os testes sorológicos imunocromatográficos tiveram acurácia próxima aos valores encontrados em outros trabalhos semelhantes. Conclusão: Sendo assim, conclui-se que o teste rápido sorológico permanece como escolha razoável para screening de grandes populações devido ao seu baixo custo e facilidade de aplicação, especialmente naqueles indivíduos que não realizaram tratamento prévio. Contexto apresentase apresenta graves bactéria antiH.pylori, antiHpylori anti H.pylori, H anti-H.pylori nãoinvasiva, nãoinvasiva invasiva, invasiva não-invasiva realização Objetivo prévia Métodos 5 2021 histopatologia Resultados 4 negativos padrãoouro, padrãoouro padrão ouro, ouro padrão-ouro descritos 545 54 54,5% 976 97 6 97,6% 857 85 85,7 891 89 1 89,1% estudo semelhantes Conclusão assim concluise conclui aplicação prévio antiH antiH.pylori Hpylori H.pylori 202 54,5 9 97,6 8 85, 89,1 20 54, 97, 89, 2

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is widely spread globally and is known to cause potentially serious diseases. Several diagnostic methods exist to identify and treat carriers of this bacterium. Serological tests for the diagnosis of infection are based on the detection of antibodies immunoglobulin G against H. pylori, a non-invasive, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform option. Objective: This research aims to ascertain the accuracy of an immunochromatographic serological test to verify the feasibility of using this method in patients who have not undergone previous eradication therapy. Methods: Rapid tests and questionnaires were applied to 53 patients that underwent upper digestive endoscopy with research for H. pylori between the period of September and October 2021. The results were compared with histopathology. Results: In the rapid tests, seven positive and 46 negative results were obtained. When compared with the gold standard, the following values were described: sensitivity 54.5%, specificity 97.6%, positive predictive value 85.7%, and negative predictive value 89.1%. Conclusion: In the present study, the immunochromatographic serological tests had an accuracy close to the values found in other similar studies. Therefore, it may be concluded that the rapid serological test remains a reasonable choice for screening large populations due to its low cost and ease of application, especially in those individuals who have not undergone previous treatment. Background diseases bacterium H noninvasive, noninvasive non invasive, invasive non-invasive inexpensive easytoperform easy perform option Objective therapy Methods 5 2021 histopathology Results 4 obtained standard described 545 54 54.5% 976 97 6 97.6% 857 85 7 85.7% 891 89 1 89.1% Conclusion study studies Therefore application treatment 202 54.5 9 97.6 8 85.7 89.1 20 54. 97. 85. 89. 2

The aim of this work was to extract and characterize pectin from lyophilized noni pulp (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) at three different pHs using different extractor agents and to evaluate anti-viral activity. The extraction of high yield (acid extraction) was subjected to sulfation procedure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magneticresonance analysis were used to calculate the degree of methylation of pectin from acid extraction and its sulfated derivative. The data obtained for the degree of methylation of noni pectin and sulfated pectin were 30.3 and 30.7, respectively. Pectin was subjected to acute oral toxicity testing in mice. The results showed that pectin had a pro-inflammatory effect, and sulfated pectin had an anti-inflammatory effect. Both pectins were also evaluated for herpes simplex virus activity in vitro, and although they successfully inhibited virus replication, the sulfated pectins were cytotoxic. Morinda Linn. Linn antiviral anti viral procedure derivative 303 30 3 30. 307 7 30.7 respectively mice proinflammatory pro inflammatory effect antiinflammatory vitro replication cytotoxic

Resumo: Este estudo investigou a resistência de união ao microcisalhamento (RUµC) de dois (2) agentes de cimentação de resina dual (RelyX™ Ultimate e RelyX™ U200) quando fotoativados através de diferentes espessuras de dissilicato de lítio, com ou sem ciclagem térmica. Discos do IPS e.max Press de 0,5, 1,5 e 2 mm de espessura foram obtidos. Moldes de elastômero (3,0 mm de espessura) com quatro orifícios cilíndricos de 1,0 mm de diâmetro foram colocados sobre as superfícies cerâmicas e preenchidos com agentes de cimentação de resina. Uma tira Mylar, placa de vidro e carga de 250 gramas foram colocadas sobre o molde preenchido. A carga foi removida e os agentes de cimentação resinosos foram fotoativados através da cerâmica usando um LED de pico-único (Radii Plus). Todas as amostras foram armazenadas em água deionizada a 37oC por 24 h. Metade das amostras foi submetida a ciclagem térmica (3.000 ciclos; 5ºC e 55ºC). Todas as amostras foram então submetidas ao teste de RUµC usando uma máquina de teste universal (Instron 4411) com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância três fatores e ao teste post-hoc de Tukey (α = 0,05). A média de RUµC em 24 h foi significativamente maior do que após a ciclagem térmica (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre os cimentos resinosos (p > 0,05). As médias de RUµC para grupos fotoativados através de cerâmica de 0,5 mm foram significativamente maiores do que 1,5 mm e 2,0 mm (p < 0,05). Em conclusão, o aumento da espessura da cerâmica reduziu a resistência de união dos agentes de cimentação resinosos ao dissilicato de lítio. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os agentes de cimentação resinosos. A ciclagem térmica reduziu a resistência de união de ambos os agentes de cimentação resinosos. Resumo (RUµC (2 RelyX (RelyX U200 U lítio emax max 05 0 5 15 1 1, obtidos 3,0 30 3 (3, 10 Mylar 25 preenchido picoúnico pico único Radii Plus. Plus . Plus) oC 3.000 3000 000 (3.00 ciclos ºC 55ºC. 55ºC 55ºC) Instron 4411 0, mmmin min mm/min posthoc post hoc α 0,05. 005 0,05 0,05) p 20 2, conclusão ( U20 3, (3 3.00 300 00 (3.0 441 0,0 U2 3.0 (3. 44 3. 4

Abstract This study investigated microshear bond strength (µSBS) of two (2) dual-cured resin-luting agents (RelyX™ Ultimate and RelyX™ U200) when photoactivated through varying thicknesses of lithium disilicate, with or without thermal cycling. Discs of IPS e.max Press of 0.5, 1.5, and 2 mm in thickness were obtained. Elastomer molds (3.0 mm in thickness) with four cylinder-shaped orifices 1.0 mm in diameter, were placed onto the ceramic surfaces and filled with resin-luting agents. A Mylar strip, glass plate, and load of 250 grams were placed over the filled mold. The load was removed and the resin-luting agents were photoactivated through the ceramics using a single-peak LED (Radii Plus.) All samples were stored in distilled water at 37oC for 24 h. Half of the samples were subjected to thermal cycling (3,000 cycles; 5ºC and 55ºC). All samples were then submitted to µSBS test using a universal testing machine (Instron 4411) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α=0.05). The mean µSBS at 24 h was significantly higher than after thermal cycling (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found between resin-luting agents (p > 0.05). The mean µSBS for groups photoactivated through 0.5 mm ceramic were significantly higher than 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increased ceramic thicknesses reduced the bond strength of tested resin-luting agents to lithium disilicate. No differences were found between resin-luting agents. Thermal cycling reduced the bond strength of both resin-luting agents. (µSBS (2 dualcured dual cured resinluting resin luting RelyX (RelyX U200 U disilicate emax e max 05 0 5 15 1 obtained 3.0 30 3 (3. cylindershaped cylinder shaped 10 1. diameter strip plate 25 mold singlepeak single peak Radii Plus. Plus oC 3,000 3000 000 (3,00 cycles ºC 55ºC. 55ºC . 55ºC) Instron 4411 0. mmmin min mm/min threeway three way posthoc post hoc α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 (α=0.05) p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) 0.05. 005 0.05 0.05) 20 2. conclusion ( U20 3. (3 3,00 300 00 (3,0 441 α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 0.0 U2 3,0 (3, 44 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 3, 4 α=0 (α=0. p<0 (p<0. α= (α=0 p< (p<0 (α= (p< (α

Resumo: As sementes de arroz possuem uma dormência a qual é entendida como uma resistência à germinação pré e pós-colheita. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar períodos e temperaturas na pré-secagem de sementes de arroz (cultivar IRGA 431 CL) para superação da dormência. Foi conduzido experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado no Laboratório Didático e de Pesquisa em Sementes, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foram utilizados três lotes da cultivar IRGA 431 CL. Para o presente estudo foram utilizadas as temperaturas de 35, 40, 45, 50 e 55 °C em estufa de circulação de ar forçado, para superar a dormência das sementes. Em cada temperatura as sementes permaneceram por um período de 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h. No experimento foi avaliada a primeira contagem, germinação, comprimento de raiz e de parte aérea de plântulas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados por superfície resposta. Para superação de dormência de sementes da cultivar IRGA 431 CL em estufa de circulação de ar forçado é mais indicada a temperatura entre 41° e 44 °C por um período de 95 h. Resumo póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. colheita pós-colheita Assim présecagem secagem 43 Sementes Maria 35 40 45 5 C 24 48 72 96 120 144 16 h contagem plântulas resposta 41 4 9 3 2 7 12 14 1

Abstract: Rice seeds have a dormancy which is understood as resistance to pre- and post-harvest germination. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate periods and temperatures in the pre-drying of rice seeds (cultivar IRGA 431 CL) to overcome dormancy. An experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design at the Didactic and Seed Research Laboratory, at the Federal University of Santa Maria. Three lots of the cultivar IRGA 431 CL were used. For the present study, temperatures of 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 °C in a forced-air circulation oven were used to overcome seed dormancy. At each temperature the seeds remained for periods of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h. First count, germination, and seedling root and shoot lengths were evaluated in the experiment. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by response surface. Temperature between 41 and 44 °C for a period of 95 h is more indicated to overcome dormancy in seeds of the IRGA 431 CL cultivar in a forced-air circulation oven. Abstract pre postharvest post harvest germination Thus predrying drying 43 Laboratory Maria 35 40 45 5 C forcedair forced air 24 48 72 96 120 14 16 count surface 4 9 3 2 7 12 1

Resumo Hippocampus reidi representa a espécie mais abundante do gênero na costa brasileira. Apesar de carismáticos, encontram-se globalmente ameaçados devido à degradação de habitat e intensa exploração comercial, especialmente no Brasil, líder na exportação e consumo da espécie. Através de dados mitocondriais (citocromo b e região controle) e nucleares (1st íntron S7), este estudo investigou a variação e estrutura genética de H. reidi em toda a costa brasileira, do estado do Pará até Santa Catarina. Os dados mitocondriais indicam a existência de duas linhagens de H. reidi na costa brasileira: (1) Norte/Nordeste e (2) Sudeste/Sul, padrão parcialmente recuperado pelos dados nucleares. Este cenário pode ser explicado por diferenças na temperatura e padrões de circulação das correntes do Brasil e Norte do Brasil, que definem estes grupos como subprovíncias biogeográficas. As linhagens ocorrem em simpatria no estado da Bahia, o que pode ser explicado pela ocorrência de contato secundário durante o último glacial máximo. Apesar de apresentar duas linhagens, para fins de manejo e conservação, são indicadas três unidades: (1) Norte/Nordeste, (2) Bahia, e (3) Sudeste/Sul. A unidade do Norte/Nordeste mostrou-se a mais vulnerável devido aos baixos índices de diversidade genética apresentados e representa uma prioridade para futuras ações de conservação. brasileira carismáticos encontramse encontram se comercial citocromo controle 1st st S7, S7 S , S7) H Catarina 1 (1 NorteNordeste Nordeste 2 (2 SudesteSul Sudeste Sul Sudeste/Sul biogeográficas Bahia máximo conservação unidades 3 (3 mostrouse mostrou (

Abstract Hippocampus reidi represents the most abundant species of the genus Hippocampus along the Brazilian coast. Despite being charismatic, the species is globally threatened due to habitat degradation and commercial exploration, especially in Brazil, which is the leader in exportation and consumption of the species. Through mitochondrial (cytochrome b and control region) and nuclear (1st intron S7) data, the current study investigates the variation and genetic structure of H. reidi along the Brazilian coast, from Pará to Santa Catarina states. The mitochondrial data indicate the presence of two lineages: (1) North/Northeast and (2) South/Southeast, which was partially recovered by nuclear data. This scenario could be related to temperature differences and circulation patterns of the Brazil and North-Brazil currents, which define these groups into biogeographic sub-provinces. The lineages occur in sympatry in Bahia state, which can be explained by the occurrence of secondary contact during the last glacial maximum. Despite presenting two lineages, for management and conservation, three units are indicated: (1) North/Northeast, (2) Bahia, and (3) South/Southeast. The North/Northeast unit proved to be more vulnerable, presenting the lowest genetic diversity indices, representing a priority for future conservation actions. coast charismatic exploration cytochrome region 1st st S7 S H states 1 (1 NorthNortheast North Northeast 2 (2 SouthSoutheast South Southeast South/Southeast NorthBrazil currents subprovinces. subprovinces sub provinces. provinces sub-provinces state maximum indicated 3 (3 vulnerable indices actions (

Abstract The use of agro-industrial wastes as biosorbents is a promising alternative for sustainable, economical and effective adsorption. However, few studies evaluate the use of Brazilian agro-industrial waste as biosorbents without physicochemical pre-treatment. This study explored the potential of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and rice husk waste (RHW) as low-cost biosorbents for yellow tartrazine dye removal. Characterization of the materials were carried out using ATR-FTIR, SEM, pHPZC and lignocellulosic composition. Cellulose and hemicellulose were the major constituents of both materials. By the Box-Behnken experimental design, the response surfaces indicated maximum removal of 60.1% for SCB and 83.1% for RHW. While the qmax of SCB and RHW for tartrazine were relatively low at 2.45 ± 0.03 mg g-1 and 3.55 ± 0.02 mg g-1, respectively, the potential for achieving higher dye removals by increasing the adsorbent dosage in large-scale applications warrants further investigation. For both biosorbents, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Brouers-Sotolongo isotherm provided the best fit for the data, and the adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic. In conclusion, SCB and RHW demonstrated high tartrazine removal, promoting sustainable agro-industrial waste management. agroindustrial agro industrial However pretreatment. pretreatment pre treatment. treatment pre-treatment (SCB (RHW lowcost cost ATRFTIR, ATRFTIR ATR FTIR, FTIR ATR-FTIR SEM composition BoxBehnken Box Behnken design 601 60 1 60.1 831 83 83.1 245 2 45 2.4 003 0 03 0.0 g1 g g- 355 3 55 3.5 002 02 g1, 1, respectively largescale large scale investigation pseudosecondorder pseudo second order BrouersSotolongo Brouers Sotolongo data exothermic conclusion management 6 60. 8 83. 24 4 2. 00 0. 35 5 3.

Abstract Background Arteritis is a complication of neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is not well known and could trigger strokes. The transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a noninvasive method for detecting, staging, and monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the utility of TCD to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes, suggesting vasculitis associated with NCC remains uncertain. Objective To evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes using TCD in patients with subarachnoid and parenchymal NCC. Methods There were 53 patients with NCC evaluated at a reference hospital for neurological diseases included (29 with subarachnoid and 24 with parenchymal). Participants underwent a clinical interview and serology for cysticercosis and underwent TCD performed within 2 weeks of enrollment. Mean flow velocity, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and pulsatility index were recorded. Results Among the participants, there were 23 (43.4%) women, with a median age of 37 years (IQR: 29–48). Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggesting vasculitis were detected in 12 patients (22.64%); the most compromised vessel was the middle cerebral artery in 11 (91.67%) patients. There were more females in the group with sonographic signs of vasculitis (10/12, 83.33% vs. 13/41, 31.71%; p = 0.002), and this was more frequent in the subarachnoid NCC group (9/29, 31.03% vs. 3/24, 12.5%; p = 0.187), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggestive of vasculitis are frequent in patients with NCC and can be evaluated using TCD. NCC, , (NCC) strokes (TCD detecting staging Nonetheless uncertain 5 29 (2 parenchymal. . parenchymal) enrollment velocity recorded participants 43.4% 434 43 4 (43.4% women 3 IQR (IQR 29–48. 2948 29–48 48 29–48) 1 22.64% 2264 22 64 (22.64%) 91.67% 9167 91 67 (91.67% 10/12, 1012 10 (10/12 8333 83 33 83.33 vs 1341 13 41 13/41 31.71% 3171 31 71 0.002, 0002 0.002 0 002 0.002) 9/29, 929 9 (9/29 3103 03 31.03 324 3/24 12.5% 125 0.187, 0187 0.187 187 0.187) significance (NCC ( 43.4 (43.4 294 29–4 22.64 226 6 (22.64% 91.67 916 (91.67 10/12 101 (10/1 833 8 83.3 134 13/4 31.71 317 7 000 0.00 00 9/29 92 (9/2 310 31.0 32 3/2 12.5 018 0.18 18 43. (43. 29– 22.6 (22.64 91.6 (91.6 10/1 (10/ 83. 13/ 31.7 0.0 9/2 (9/ 31. 3/ 12. 01 0.1 (43 22. (22.6 91. (91. 10/ (10 0. 9/ (9 (4 (22. (91 (1 (22

Resumen Antecedentes La arteritis es una complicación de la neurocisticercosis (NCC), que no siempre se conoce y podría desencadenar enfermedad cerebrovascular. La ultrasonografía Doppler transcraneal (DTC) es un método no invasivo que sirve para detectar y monitorizar enfermedades cerebrovasculares. No obstante, la utilidad de la DTC para evaluar los cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales que sugieren vasculitis asociada a NCC sigue siendo incierta. Objetivo Evaluar los cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales utilizando DTC en pacientes con NCC subaracnoidea y parenquimal. Métodos Se incluyeron 53 pacientes con NCC (29 con subaracnoidea y 24 con parenquimal) evaluados en un hospital de referencia para enfermedades neurológicas. Los participantes se sometieron a una entrevista clínica y serología para cisticercosis y a una DTC realizada dentro de las 2 semanas posteriores a la inscripción. Se registraron la velocidad media del flujo, la velocidad sistólica máxima, la velocidad diastólica final y el índice de pulsatilidad. Resultados Los participantes incluyeron 23 (43,4%) mujeres con una mediana de edad de 37 años (rango intercuartílico [RIC]: 29–48). Se detectaron cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales sugestivos de vasculitis en 12 pacientes (22,64%); el vaso más comprometido fue la arteria cerebral media, en 11 (91,67%) pacientes. Hubo más mujeres en el grupo con signos ecográficos de vasculitis (10/12, 83,33% versus 13/41, 31,71%; p = 0,002), y esto fue más frecuente en el grupo de NCC subaracnoidea (9/29, 31,03% versus 3/24, 12,5%; p = 0,187), aunque esta diferencia no alcanzó significancia estadística. Conclusión Los cambios hemodinámicos cerebrales sugestivos de vasculitis son frecuentes en pacientes con NCC y pueden evaluarse mediante DTC. NCC, , (NCC) cerebrovascular (DTC cerebrovasculares obstante incierta parenquimal 5 29 (2 neurológicas inscripción flujo máxima pulsatilidad 43,4% 434 43 4 (43,4% 3 rango RIC [RIC] 29–48. 2948 29–48 . 48 29–48) 1 22,64% 2264 22 64 (22,64%) 91,67% 9167 91 67 (91,67% 10/12, 1012 10 (10/12 8333 83 33 83,33 1341 13 41 13/41 31,71% 3171 31 71 0,002, 0002 0,002 0 002 0,002) 9/29, 929 9 (9/29 3103 03 31,03 324 3/24 12,5% 125 0,187, 0187 0,187 187 0,187) estadística (NCC ( 43,4 (43,4 [RIC 294 29–4 22,64 226 6 (22,64% 91,67 916 (91,67 10/12 101 (10/1 833 8 83,3 134 13/4 31,71 317 7 000 0,00 00 9/29 92 (9/2 310 31,0 32 3/2 12,5 018 0,18 18 43, (43, 29– 22,6 (22,64 91,6 (91,6 10/1 (10/ 83, 13/ 31,7 0,0 9/2 (9/ 31, 3/ 12, 01 0,1 (43 22, (22,6 91, (91, 10/ (10 0, 9/ (9 (4 (22, (91 (1 (22

A one-step route was developed for sulfate functionalization of titania foam, consisting of integrating the sol-gel process with an emulsion template. The resulting material was used to evaluate the relevance of the porous structure and surface sulfate groups in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B molecules in water under UV irradiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the anatase crystalline phase was metastabilized by functionalization of the surface with sulfate species, which caused the crystallite size to decrease from 21 to 10 nm, while the specific surface area increased from 4 to 42 cm2 g−1. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements during heating of the non-sulfated (E-TiO2) and sulfated (E-TiO2/SO42−) sols emulsified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant and isopropyl myristate as the nonpolar phase, revealed formation of the liquid crystalline structure. Elimination of this mesophase template allowed the preparation of ceramic foams with hierarchical structure formed by meso- and macropore families. The kinetics of photodegradation reaction of Rhodamine B followed a pseudo-first order mechanism. The most efficient photocatalytic activity (higher rate constant and shorter half-life time) was obtained for the foam templated using 20% of SDS (E-TiO2/SO42− 20SDS), which exhibited the highest values for porosity (93%) and specific surface area (80 m3 g−1). onestep one step solgel sol gel irradiation Xray X ray XRD (XRD species 2 1 nm cm g1 g g−1 Smallangle Small angle SAXS (SAXS nonsulfated non ETiO2 ETiO E TiO2 TiO (E-TiO2 ETiO2/SO42− ETiO2SO42 ETiOSO TiO2/SO42− SO42 SO (SDS meso families pseudofirst pseudo first mechanism higher halflife half life time 20 (E-TiO2/SO42 20SDS, 20SDS , 20SDS) 93% 93 (93% 80 (8 m . g−1) g− (E-TiO ETiO2/SO42 ETiO2SO4 TiO2SO42 TiOSO TiO2/SO42 SO4 (E-TiO2/SO4 9 (93 8 ( ETiO2/SO4 ETiO2SO TiO2SO4 TiO2/SO4 (E-TiO2/SO (9 ETiO2/SO TiO2SO TiO2/SO

Abstract The littoral zone is an essential compartment for lake biota because of its high productivity and diversity. Moreover, phytoplankton is expected to have non-equilibrium dynamics on it. The study’s aimed to explore phytoplankton in the littoral zone of a shallow lake over a short-term scale. Daily sampling was conducted for 25 consecutive summer days in 2016, at two marginal points of a continuously warm, polymictic, and oligo-mesotrophic subtropical lake (Lake Mangueira, Brazil). Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta contributed 86% of total biomass. We observed high variability in phytoplankton structure, with species turnover over diel cycles. Redundancy analysis indicated spatial differentiation for phytoplankton structure in relation to abiotic conditions. Nutrient dynamics and humic substances were significant drivers for phytoplankton variability. Phytoplankton was positively correlated with SRP and negatively with humic substances. Our results showed a non- equilibrium state for the littoral phytoplankton of Lake Mangueira, given the high variability of abiotic conditions, even at short distances. Due to its high temporal and spatial variability, the littoralzone seems to contribute to the recruitment and maintenance of phytoplankton biodiversity in shallow lakes. Further studies should consider the functional attributes of species and the complex biological interactions of phytoplankton and macrophytes along the littoral zone. diversity Moreover nonequilibrium non it studys study s shortterm term scale 2 2016 warm polymictic oligomesotrophic oligo mesotrophic Mangueira Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) 86 biomass cycles conditions distances lakes 201 8 20