Summary: The cocoa crop is very susceptible to nutritional deficiencies and moniliasis caused by the phytopathogen Moniliophthora roreri. One of the alternatives to synthetic chemicals are compounds based on silicon (Si). In the present investigation, the ef fect of silicon as a biostimulant in cocoa cultivation and as a biological control agent for M. roreri was evaluated. In the experiment, five Si treatments were used: T1 (4.00 kg ha-1), T2 (3.00 kg ha-1), T3 (2.00 kg ha-1) and T4 (1.5 kg ha-1) and a control treatment (without application). Production indicators, ear number, fresh and dry weight of almonds, dry weight of 100 almonds and crop yield were determined. In addition, the incidence and severity of the disease at 60, 120 and 180 days af ter the application of Si and the ef ficiency of the treatments. The significantly higher results for the variables: Production, ear number, fresh and dry weight of almond and dry weight of 100 almonds, were obtained by applying 4 kg ha-1 of Si, all doses of Si exceeded the control (P ≤ 0.05) in the variables related to production. In the control of the phytopathogen (M. roreri), the dose of 4 kg ha-1 Si decreased the incidence and severity of the disease by more than 50%. The application of Si can be an option in cocoa cultivation as a biostimulant and biological control agent for M. roreri.

Resumen: El cultivo del cacao es muy susceptible a deficiencias nutrimentales y a la moniliasis ocasionada por el fitopatógeno Moniliophthora roreri. Una de las alternativas a los productos químicos sintéticos son los compuestos a base de silicio (Si). En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto del silicio como bioestimulante en el cultivo de cacao y agente de control biológico de M. roreri. En el experimento se utilizaron cincos tratamientos de Si: T1 (4.00 kg ha-1), T2 (3.00 kg ha-1), T3 (2.00 kg ha-1) y T4 (1.5 kg ha-1) y un tratamiento control (sin aplicación). Se determinaron los indicadores de producción, número de mazorca, peso fresco y seco de almendras, peso seco de 100 almendras y el rendimiento del cultivo. Además, de la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad a los 60, 120 y 180 días después de la aplicación del Si y la eficiencia de los tratamientos. Los resultados significativamente superiores para las variables: Producción, número mazorca, peso fresco y seco de almendra y peso seco de 100 almendra, se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de 4 kg ha-1 de Si, todas las dosis de Si superaron al control (P ≤ 0.05) en las variables relacionas a la producción. En el control del fitopatógeno (M. roreri), la dosis de 4 kg ha-1 Si disminuyó la incidencia y la severidad de la enfermedad en más del 50%. La aplicación de Si puede ser una opción en el cultivo de cacao como bioestimulante y agente de control biológico de M. roreri.

Resumen El carcinoma adenoide quístico primario de esófago (EACC) es un tumor maligno excepcionalmente raro que constituye solo el 0.2% de todos los tumores esofágicos. El tumor exhibe un comportamiento agresivo, compues to histológicamente por células ductales y mioepiteliales modificadas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 69 años con diagnóstico de un EACC mediante biopsia endoscópica preoperatoria. Se realizó una esofagectomía por toracos copia. Sin embargo, se encontró metástasis pleural. Por lo tanto, no se llevó a cabo la resección quirúrgica del tumor esofágico. La paciente tuvo una recuperación sin complicaciones, seguida de tratamiento paliativo y ra dioquimioterapia continua. El EACC es poco común, pero exhibe una naturaleza más agresiva en comparación con sus contrapartes en la región de la cabeza y el cuello. La disfagia asociada con la enfermedad por reflujo gas troesofágico es un síntoma común. La duración desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico suele ser corta. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen la cirugía, quimio y radioterapia, siendo la cirugía la preferida a pesar de la alta mortalidad operatoria. El pronóstico es inconcluso, algunos estudios asocian resultados pobres con metástasis e invasión vascular, mientras que otros informan mejores tasas de supervivencia. El EACC pre senta desafíos diagnósticos y terapéuticos debido a su rareza y naturaleza agresiva. El pronóstico sigue siendo poco claro, lo que enfatiza la necesidad de más inves tigación para delinear el tratamiento óptimo. El caso presentado demuestra una supervivencia de un año con cuidados paliativos sistémicos, contribuyendo al conocimiento en evolución sobre el EACC.

Abstract Esophageal adenoid cystic carcinoma (EACC) is an exceedingly rare malignant tumor constituting only 0.2% of all esophageal tumors. The tumor exhibits aggressive behavior, composed histologically of ductal and modified myoepithelial cells. We report a case of a 69-year-old female with a diagnosis of an EACC by preoperative endoscopic biopsy. Thoracoscopy esophagectomy was carried out. However, pleural metastasis was found. The refore, surgical resection of the esophageal tumor was not carried out. The patient underwent an uneventful recovery, followed by palliative treatment and ongoing chemoradiotherapy. EACC is uncommon but exhibits a more aggressive nature compared to its counterparts in the head and neck region. Dysphagia associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom. The duration from symptom onset to diagnosis is typi cally short. Treatment options include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with surgery being the preferred initial approach despite high operative morta lity. Prognosis remains inconclusive, with some studies associating poor outcomes with lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion, while others report better survival rates. EACC presents diagnostic and therapeutic challen ges due to its rarity and aggressive nature. Prognostic considerations remain unclear, emphasizing the need for further research and accumulated cases to delineate optimal treatment. The presented case demonstrates a 1-year survival with systemic palliative care, contribu ting to the evolving knowledge surrounding EACC.

ABSTRACT An eight-week feeding trial investigated the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets supplemented with two methionine sources (DL-Met and AQUAVI®) and their combinations with ECOBIOL® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940) on growth performance, body composition, and nutrient metabolism of Penaeus vannamei. Four hundred shrimp (0.30 ± 0.04 g) randomly distributed into 20 tanks (20 shrimp tank-1) were fed with five experimental diets (four repetitions per diet). A control diet (CD; 20% FM) and four diets with 50% FM replacement supplemented with different methionine sources and ECOBIOL® combinations: D1 (0.13% DL-MET), D2 (0.06% AQUAVI®), D3 (0.13% DL-MET plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®), and D4 (0.06% AQUAVI® plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®). Shrimp fed D2 and D4 had better growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition. Shrimp fed D3 also had good growth performance but higher lipid body composition. Shrimp fed D1 had the worst growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition values. Nutrient metabolism-related genes were affected by dietary treatments. Protein synthesis-related genes decreased mostly in shrimp fed D1 and D2 while increased mostly in shrimp fed D3 and D4, lipolysis-related genes had a better transcriptional response in shrimp fed D4 and lipogenesis-related genes were mostly downregulated in shrimp fed D2 while were mostly upregulated in shrimp fed D3 and D4. Results suggested that FM could be partially replaced with SBM and PBM in shrimp feeds supplemented with 0.06% AQUAVI® alone or combined with 0.10% ECOBIOL® without adversely affecting the growth and nutrient metabolism of P. vannamei.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity and overweight constitute global public health challenges, negatively impacting more than one billion people. They are accompanied by significant psychological and social consequences, including the stigma associated with weight, with severe repercussions on mental and physical well-being. Health professionals are directly involved with this problem; however, few studies address weight stigma in Chile. Objective: To examine the association between nutritional status (BMI) and the level of weight stigma in university students of health careers in the region of Ñuble, Chile. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive observational design. The GAMS-27 scale was applied to assess weight stigma and BMI to evaluate the nutritional status of 156 students of health careers. Chi2 tests of independence and binary logistic regression were applied to evaluate the association between the variables, with the R statistical package version 4.3.0. Results: A statistically significant association was found between weight stigma and nutritional status (p=0.0145). Presenting normal BMI (p=0.0163) and being female (p=0.0156) were associated with a higher probability of presenting weight bias. Conclusions: The present study identified a statistically significant association between weight stigma and nutritional status in college students. It is vital to promote education regarding weight stigma in college students to avoid bias and improve respect for future users.

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de sangre de cordón umbilical (CU) tiene muchas ventajas en la medicina regenerativa. El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) es una fuente de factores de crecimiento en donde su dinámica en el tiempo ha sido evaluada en sangre periférica, sin embargo, su evaluación en sangre de CU no ha sido estudiada. Objetivo: Evaluar la cinética de la liberación del PDGF-BB del PRP obtenido de sangre de CU. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro. Se recolectaron muestras de sangre de CU de 6 partos a término de gestantes sanas que tenían entre 18 y 36 años y que acudieron al Hospital Cayetano Heredia en Lima-Perú. Las muestras obtenidas se centrifugaron a 900 g durante 10 minutos para preparar el PRP. La activación se realizó con gluconato de calcio (GLu.Ca) al 10% y se dividió en 4 alícuotas: (i) sin activador; (ii) 1 hora; (iii) 24 horas; (iv) 48 horas. La cuantificación del PDGF-BB fue evaluada mediante el método de ELISA. Resultados: La media (desviación estándar) de la concentración de PDGF-BB medida a la hora, 24 horas y 48 horas fue 6127.9 ± 101.6 pg/mL, 6197.5 ± 34 pg/mL y 6176.8 ± 63.3 pg/mL, respectivamente. La cinética del PDGF-BB liberado por el PRP mostró valores constantes durante las 48 horas. Conclusiones: La liberación de PDGF-BB del PRP obtenido de sangre de CU se indujo rápidamente y se mantuvo constante y de forma mantenida durante las primeras 48 horas luego de su activación.

ABSTRACT: Community rural tourism is a driving force for local economic development by making sustainable use of a community's resources. The Juan Velasco Alvarado Hilly Dry Forest Private Conservation Area -JVA HDF PCA- has latent tourism potential, which to date, has not been properly exploited by the Juan Velasco Alvarado Peasant Community -JVA PC-. The objective of the study is to formulate a proposal for the development of community rural tourism of the JVA HDF PCA. A situational analysis of the tourist supply and demand of the area was carried out where Pilán Hill, the Inca Mine, the Jaguayes Salas and Cerezo were recognized as the most important tourist resources, whilst the main problem identified was the poor management of tourism in the area. JVA HDF PCA by the JVA PC. As a final result, a proposed action plan was prepared that proposes capacity building, the improvement of ecological infrastructure, and the formation of strategic alliances in order to achieve the sustainability of the natural resources management in the dry forest and the progress of the local community.

RESUMEN: El turismo rural comunitario representa una actividad propulsora del desarrollo económico local aprovechando sosteniblemente los recursos de una comunidad. El Área de Conservación Privada Bosque Seco de Colina Juan Velasco Alvarado -ACP BSC JVA- tiene potencial turístico latente que, hasta la fecha, no ha sido debidamente explotado por la Comunidad Campesina Juan Velasco Alvarado -CC JVA-. El objetivo del estudio consiste en formular una propuesta de desarrollo de turismo rural comunitario del ACP BSC JVA. Se ejecutó un análisis situacional de la oferta y demanda turística del área donde se reconocieron al Cerro Pilán, la Mina Inca, los Jaguayes Salas y Cerezo como los recursos turísticos más importantes, mientras que el principal problema identificado fue la deficiente gestión del turismo del ACP BSC JVA por parte de la CC JVA. Como resultado final, se elaboró una propuesta de plan de acción que plantea el fortalecimiento de capacidades, la mejora de la infraestructura ecológica y la formación de alianzas estratégicas, para así lograr la sostenibilidad de la gestión de los recursos naturales en el bosque seco y el progreso de la comunidad local.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To validate the Barcelona magnetic resonance imaging predictive model (BCN-MRI PM) in men with pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) reported with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1, followed by transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: Prospective analysis of 3,264 men with PSA >3.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination who were referred to ten participant centers in the csPCa early detection program of Catalonia (Spain), between 2021 and 2023. MpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1, and 2- to 4-core MRI-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion-targeted biopsy of suspected lesions and/or 12-core systematic biopsy were conducted. 2,295 (70.3%) individuals were referred to six centers for transrectal prostate biopsies, while 969 (39.7%) were referred to four centers for transperineal prostate biopsies. CsPCa was classified whenever the International Society of Urologic Pathology grade group was 2 or higher. Results: CsPCa was detected in 41% of transrectal prostate biopsies and in 45.9% of transperineal prostate biopsies (p <0.016). Both BCN-MRI PM calibration curves were within the ideal correlation between predicted and observed csPCa. Areas under the curve and 95% confidence intervals were 0.847 (0.830-0.857) and 0.830 (0.823-0.855), respectively (p = 0.346). Specificities corresponding to 95% sensitivity were 37.6 and 36.8%, respectively (p = 0.387). The Net benefit of the BCN-MRI PM was similar with both biopsy methods. Conclusions: The BCN-MRI PM has been successfully validated when mpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1 and prostate biopsies were conducted via the transrectal and transperineal route. Purpose BCNMRI BCN prebiopsy pre (mpMRI PIRADS PI RADS (PI-RADS v21 v v2 1 Methods 3264 3 264 3,26 30 0 >3. ngmL ng mL andor Spain, Spain , (Spain) 202 2023 4core core 4 MRItransrectal TRUS (TRUS fusiontargeted fusion targeted 12core 12 2295 295 2,29 70.3% 703 70 (70.3% 96 39.7% 397 39 7 (39.7% higher Results 41 459 45 9 45.9 p <0.016. 0016 <0.016 . 016 <0.016) 95 0847 847 0.84 0.8300.857 08300857 0.857 830 857 (0.830-0.857 0830 0.83 0.8230.855, 08230855 0.823 0.855 823 855 (0.823-0.855) 0.346. 0346 0.346 346 0.346) 376 37 6 37. 368 36 8 36.8% 0.387. 0387 0.387 387 0.387) methods Conclusions v2. route 326 26 3,2 >3 (Spain 20 229 29 2,2 70.3 (70.3 39.7 (39.7 45. 001 <0.01 01 084 84 0.8 8300 0.8300.85 0830085 0857 0.85 83 85 (0.830-0.85 083 8230 0.8230.855 0823085 0823 0.82 0855 82 (0.823-0.855 034 0.34 34 36.8 038 0.38 38 32 3, > 22 2, 70. (70. 39. (39. 00 <0.0 08 0. 0.8300.8 083008 085 (0.830-0.8 0.8230.85 082308 082 (0.823-0.85 03 0.3 36. (70 (39 <0. 0.8300. 08300 (0.830-0. 0.8230.8 08230 (0.823-0.8 (7 (3 <0 0.8300 (0.830-0 0.8230. (0.823-0. ( < (0.830- 0.8230 (0.823-0 (0.830 (0.823- (0.83 (0.823 (0.8 (0.82 (0. (0

Abstract Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a progressive condition marked by the accumulation of amyloid fibrils in cardiac tissue, resulting in cardiac dysfunction and, ultimately, heart failure. Pyrophosphate scintigraphy has emerged as a promising tool for the early detection and monitoring of CA, providing valuable insights into the disease's extent and severity. This review examines the current use of pyrophosphate scintigraphy in distinguishing between different types of amyloidosis, assessing risk levels, and monitoring patients with CA. It underscores the clinical significance and prospects of this imaging technique. CA (CA tissue ultimately failure diseases disease s severity levels technique

ABSTRACT The study addresses decision-making under conditions of uncertainty regarding the development of public policies and sustainable development strategies in an urban region in Brazil. Based on the case study, a decision support framework for planning and prioritizing urban sustainable development strategies (SDS) under uncertainty conditions is developed. In the framework social, economic and environmental factors have been considered using a fuzzy multi-criteria comprehensive evaluation approach in order to analyze and select SDSs. Critical factors and sub-factors for SDS are identified with the active participation of a committee of experts and representatives from different sectors of civil society. As a result, a set of urban sustainable development strategies are prioritized using the Fuzzy VIKOR Method that will help local authorities to improve their decisions. The decision support-framework illustrates the combination and application of Operations Research Methods in solving a complex problem related to decision-making in public management. decisionmaking making Brazil (SDS developed social multicriteria multi criteria SDSs subfactors sub society result decisions supportframework management

RESUMO A exploração das potencialidades das espécies Amazônicas, como o Guadua weberbaueripopularmente conhecido como bambu, é verificada em diversos segmentos. Tendo seu grande potencial na aplicação para a construção civil, ainda pode ser maximizado com a aplicação da nanotecnologia. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar as pesquisas de aplicações da fibra de bambu Guadua weberbaueri, para a construção civil, nos últimos cinco anos. Através de quatro bases de dados indexadas de estudos, aplicando para seis descritores, e os catalogando, ao longo de suas áreas de exploração e ano de vinculação, foi possível tecer os dados e resultados obtidos. Esses resultados apontaram para 10 estudos que utilizaram a espécie, sendo que esses estudos eram, majoritariamente, na área de caracterização das propriedades biológicas ou físico-químicas e nenhum corresponde à área de construção civil. Também percebeu que ao longo dos últimos cinco anos, a curva de estudos realizados é crescente. Assim, verificou-se a carência na exploração do potencial, tanto da espécie Guadua weberbaueri, como da sua fibra, como componente estrutural, dentro da engenharia civil. Amazônicas segmentos civil nanotecnologia weberbaueri anos descritores catalogando vinculação obtidos 1 eram majoritariamente físicoquímicas físico químicas crescente Assim verificouse verificou se estrutural

ABSTRACT The exploration of the potential of Amazonian species, such as Guadua weberbaueri, popularly known as bamboo, is verified in several segments. Having its great potential in the application for civil construction, it can still be maximized with the application of nanotechnology. The objective of this study is to verify the research on applications of Guadua weberbaueri bamboo fiber for civil construction in the last five years. Through four indexed databases of studies, applying to six descriptors, and cataloguing them, throughout their areas of exploration and year of affiliation, it was possible to weave the data and results obtained. These results pointed to 10 studies that used the species, and these studies were mostly in the area of characterization of biological or physicochemical properties and none corresponded to the area of civil construction. He also noticed that over the last five years, the curve of studies carried out has been increasing. Thus, there was a lack of exploration of the potential of both the Guadua weberbaueri species and its fiber as a structural component within civil engineering. segments nanotechnology years descriptors them affiliation obtained 1 increasing Thus engineering

Abstract Manufacturing parts using the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is characterized by the use of welding sources applied in GMAW, GTAW, and PAW. The control of the parameters during manufacturing is fundamental to contribute to the reduction of the heat input, thus making it possible to apply a technique to control the heat imposed on the deposition of the layers. The process monitoring consists in detecting variations in the process during layers’ deposition, using a variety of resources, such as: acoustic emission, computer vision systems, sensors to collect information on thermal radiation and/or temperature of the part, in addition to capturing information on electrical variables. The objective of this work is to present a methodology for controlling the parameters during deposition of the layers in order to command the equipment with a control algorithm and a data acquisition system, acting on the process. A study of the influence of the parameters on arc geometry and stability is presented. An experimental design based on the Robust Design technique was applied to make the number of experiments feasible. The results suggest the beneficial effect of cycle length on arc stability, melt pool behavior and the final geometry. WAAM (WAAM GMAW GTAW PAW input resources as emission systems andor or part variables system presented feasible

Resumo A fabricação de peças pelo processo de Manufatura Aditiva por Deposição a Arco (MADA) tem como característica o uso de fontes de soldagem aplicadas em GMAW, GTAW e PAW. O controle dos parâmetros durante a construção das peças é fundamental para contribuir com a redução do aporte térmico, possibilitando assim a aplicação de uma técnica para controlar o calor imposto sobre a deposição das camadas. O monitoramento do processo consiste em detectar variações no processo durante as deposições das camadas e vários são os recursos utilizados, tais como: emissão acústica, sistemas de visão computacional, sensores para coletar informações quanto à radiação térmica e/ou temperatura da peça, além da captura de informações quanto às variáveis elétricas. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma metodologia para o controle dos parâmetros durante a deposição das camadas de modo a atuar no equipamento por meio de um algoritmo de controle e um sistema de aquisição de dados, atuando no processo. Um estudo da influência dos parâmetros sobre a geometria e estabilidade de arco é apresentado. Um planejamento experimental baseado na técnica de Projeto Robusto foi aplicado para viabilizar o número de experimentos. Os resultados sugerem o efeito benéfico da duração do ciclo sobre a estabilidade do arco, comportamento da poça de fusão e geometria final. MADA (MADA GMAW PAW térmico utilizados acústica computacional eou ou peça elétricas dados apresentado experimentos final

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a major international issue, not only from a medical point of view, but also social, economic and political. Most of the available information comes from the United States, Europe, and China, where the population and the socioeconomic status are very different from Latin American countries. This study evaluates the effect of regional socioeconomic characteristics on mortality due SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) from Argentina, Mexico and Brazil. Methods Data from three national registries, SAR-COVID (Argentina), CMR-COVID (Mexico) and ReumaCoV-Brasil (Brazil), were combined. Adult IMRD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. National data for each province/state, including population density, number of physicians per inhabitant, income, unemployment, GINI index, Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), stringency index, vaccination rate and most frequent viral strains per period were assessed as risk factors for mortality due to COVID-19. Results A total of 4744 patients were included, 2534 (53.4%) from SAR-COVID, 1166 (24.6%) from CMRCOVID and 1044 (22.0%) from ReumaCoV-Brasil. Mortality due to COVID-19 was 5.4%. In the multivariable analysis, higher number of physicians per 1000 inhabitants and being infected during the vaccination period of each country were associated with lower mortality. After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, there was no association with country of residence and mortality. Conclusion These findings corroborate the complex interplay between socioeconomic factors, rheumatic disease activity, and regional disparities as determinants of death due to COVID-19 in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Thus, this research provides valuable insights for guiding public health policies and clinical practice in the ongoing fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- issue view social political States Europe China countries immunemediated immune mediated (IMRD Argentina registries SARCOVID SAR COVID , (Argentina) CMR (Mexico ReumaCoVBrasil ReumaCoV Brasil Brazil, (Brazil) combined recruited provincestate province state province/state density inhabitant income unemployment index MHDI, MHDI (MHDI) COVID19. COVID19 19. 19 474 included 253 53.4% 534 53 4 (53.4% SARCOVID, COVID, 116 24.6% 246 24 6 (24.6% 104 22.0% 220 22 0 (22.0% ReumaCoVBrasil. Brasil. COVID-1 54 5 5.4% analysis 100 activity Thus pandemic SARS-CoV (Argentina (Brazil (MHDI COVID1 1 47 25 53.4 (53.4 11 24.6 (24.6 10 22.0 (22.0 COVID- 5.4 53. (53. 24. (24. 22. (22. 5. (53 (24 (22 (5 (2 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-apheresis peripheral blood CD34+ cell count (PBCD34+) is the most important predictor of good cell mobilization before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, albeit flow cytometry is not always immediately available. Identification of surrogate markers can be useful. The CD34+ cells proliferate after mobilization, resulting in elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and correlating with the PBCD34+ count. Objective: To determine the LDH cut-off value at which adequate CD34+ cell mobilization is achieved and its diagnostic yield. Materials and methods: A total of 103 patients who received an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) between January 2015 and January 2020 were included. Demographic and laboratory characteristics were obtained, including complete blood count, pre-apheresis PBCD34+ and LDH levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to identify the optimal serum LDH activity cut-off points for ≥ 2 and ≥ 4 × 106 cells/kg post-mobilization CD34+ count and their diagnostic yield. Results: A post-mobilization serum LDH cut-off value of 462 U/L yielded a sensitivity (Se) = 86.8% (positive predictive value [PPV] = 72.7%), a pre- and post-mobilization serum LDH difference cut-off value of 387 U/L, an Se = 45.7% (PPV = 97%) and an LDH ratio of 2.46, with an Se = 47.1% (PPV = 97%) for an optimal mobilization count (CD34+ ≥ 4 × 106). Conclusion: The LDH measurement represents a fast and affordable way to predict PBCD34+ mobilization in cases where flow cytometry is not immediately available. According to the LDH diagnostic yield, it could be used as a surrogate marker in transplant centers, supporting the CD34+ count, which remains the gold standard. Introduction Preapheresis Pre apheresis CD34 CD PBCD34 PBCD (PBCD34+ available useful (LDH Objective cutoff cut off yield methods 10 ASCT (ASCT 201 202 included obtained preapheresis pre levels ROC (ROC cellskg kg postmobilization post Results 46 UL U L (Se 868 86 8 86.8 positive PPV [PPV 72.7%, 727 72.7% , 72 7 72.7%) 38 457 45 45.7 97% 97 246 2.46 471 47 1 47.1 (CD34 106. . 106) Conclusion centers standard CD3 PBCD3 (PBCD34 20 86. 72.7 3 45. 9 24 2.4 47. (CD3 (PBCD3 72. 2. (CD (PBCD

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the heritability (h2) of age at first parturition (AFP), longevity (L), useful life (UL), and productivity (P), as well as the genetic (rg) and phenotypic correlations between those traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein cows in Northwestern Honduras. Materials and methods: Cattle were raised under tropical conditions and intensive management. The model for AFP assessed the effect of contemporary group (herd, year and birth season combination) as fixed. The model used for L, UL and P included the contemporary group, age group at first calving and their interaction. Data were analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood procedure, adjusted to a univariate and to a bivariate animal model. Results: The h2 estimated for AFP, L, UL and P were 0.16, 0.18, 0.25 and 0.09, respectively, in Brown Swiss cows, and 0.53, 0.49, 0.7 and 0.22, respectively in Holstein. Negative but favorable rg among Brown Swiss cow traits ranged from 0.31 to 0.46 between AFP and the other traits. However, for Holsteins cows, positive rg among AFP and the other traits here studied varied from 0.49 to 0.96. In both cattle breeds, rg among L, UL and P, traits were positive. Conclusions: For all traits evaluated low to medium heritability's for BS suggest that a slow genetic improvement could be achieved if independent selection of traits is applied, and better response could be expected for H breed. For both breeds the positive rg among L, UL and P suggest thar similar selection criteria could be used.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar heredabilidades (h2) de edad al primer parto (AFP), longevidad (L), vida útil (UL) y productividad (P), y las correlaciones fenotípicas y genéticas (rg) entre esos caracteres en vacas Suizo Pardo (SP) y Holstein en el Noroeste de Honduras. Materiales y métodos: El ganado fue criado en condiciones tropicales y manejado intensivamente. El modelo para AFP incluyó el grupo contemporáneo (GC, combinación de hato, año y época de nacimiento) como fijo. Para L, UL y P, el modelo incluyó al GC, grupo de edad al primer parto y su interacción. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el procedimiento de máxima verosimilitud restringida (REML), ajustado a un modelo animal univariado y bivariado. Resultados: Las h2 estimadas para AFP, L, UL y P fueron 0.16, 0.18, 0.25 y 0.09, en vacas SP; y 0.53, 0.49, 0.7 y 0.22 en H, respectivamente. Las rg fueron negativas pero favorables para las vacas SP en un rango de 0.31 a 0.46 entre AFP y los otros rasgos. Sin embargo, para las vacas H, se encontró una rg positiva entre AFP y las demás características que osciló entre 0.49 y 0.96. En ambas razas, las rg entre L, UL y P fueron positivas. Conclusiones: Para los rasgos evaluados, la h2 baja a media para BS sugiere que la mejora genética sería lenta si se aplicará selección independiente esperándose una mejor respuesta para la raza H. Para ambas razas las rg positivas sugieren que se podrían utilizar criterios de selección similares para L, UL y P.

Abstract In this article we address the notions of freedom, history and subjectivity, in order make an original contribution to the studies of ideology. Our methodology will consist in crossing Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis and the theory of interpellation of Louis Althusser. In the introduction, we start by exposing two major critiques of Freudian psychoanalysis, one formulated by Jean-Paul Sartre, and the other by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, thus shedding the light on how the psychoanalysis could represent (despite those critical arguments), a field of freedom rather than determinism, and a domain which is inherently historical, rather than the opposite. In the first section, will look closer at the notions of freedom, memory and history, advancing a preliminary hypothesis according to which within the symbolic space, the past remains open to changes - which will make both ideology and freedom possible. Moreover, we will see what aspects of freedom could be found within the Althusserian theory of interpellation, and how Lacanian psychoanalysis is compatible with it or can lead us beyond its limitations. In the second section, we will see how there can be a subject that precedes subjectivation, and how Lacan’s theory of subject which arises from the traumatic remainder, surpasses the scope of the theory of interpellation. The third section will address the pulse-traumatic core of the subject, such as it is conceived by Freud, not only as a determining dimension of the individual psyche, but as a structural condition of culture. Via these considerations, we will show how psychoanalysis can provide an explanation of the foundations of ideology, by conceiving the pulse-traumatic core of law that resides in the Name-of-Father. In the conclusion, we will see, through a series of examples, how ideology appears in the guise of truth, and why the psychoanalytic understanding of the unconscious is necessary for debunking the illusions it produces.

Resumen En este artículo abordamos las nociones de libertad, historia y subjetividad, con el fin de aportar una contribución original a los estudios sobre la ideología. Nuestra metodología consistirá en cruzar el psicoanálisis freudiano-lacaniano y la teoría de la interpelación de Louis Althusser. En la introducción, comenzaremos exponiendo dos grandes críticas al psicoanálisis freudiano, una formulada por Jean-Paul Sartre, y la otra por Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, arrojando así la luz sobre cómo el psicoanálisis podría representar (a pesar de esos argumentos críticos), un campo de libertad en lugar de determinismo, y un dominio que es inherentemente histórico, en lugar de lo contrario. En la primera sección, examinaremos más de cerca las nociones de libertad, memoria e historia, avanzando una hipótesis preliminar según la cual, dentro del espacio simbólico, el pasado permanece abierto a los cambios, lo que hará posible tanto la ideología como la libertad. Además, veremos qué aspectos de la libertad podrían encontrarse dentro de la teoría althusseriana de la interpelación, y cómo el psicoanálisis lacaniano es compatible con ella o puede llevarnos más allá de sus limitaciones. En la segunda sección, veremos cómo puede haber un sujeto que precede a la subjetivación, y cómo la teoría del sujeto de Lacan que surge del resto traumático, sobrepasa el alcance de la teoría de la interpelación. La tercera sección abordará el núcleo pulsional-traumático del sujeto, tal como lo concibe Freud, no sólo como dimensión determinante del psiquismo individual, sino como condición estructural de la cultura. A través de estas consideraciones, mostraremos cómo el psicoanálisis puede proporcionar una explicación de los fundamentos de la ideología, al concebir el núcleo pulsional-traumático de la ley que reside en el Nombre-del-Padre. En la conclusión, veremos, a través de una serie de ejemplos, cómo la ideología aparece disfrazada de verdad, y por qué la comprensión psicoanalítica del inconsciente es necesaria para desenmascarar las ilusiones que produce.

Abstract: Hyperspectral images have been used for several years, since the information they provide is very useful in many areas of science. The present work focuses on the visualization of hyperspectral images of the visible range in the RGB color space. The images were obtained using a hyperspectral imaging system (HIS) that was built in the laboratory and a monochrome image sensor was used to capture the images. The visualization process was achieved by means of an algorithm programmed in MATLAB for the coloration of the monochrome images and the comparison of the colored images with images captured in the same wavelengths with an RGB sensor was carried out.