This study highlights the synthesis of innovative polyurethane materials derived from Moringa oleifera oils extracted from two distinct sources. The oils were converted into their respective polyols through the in situ generated performic acid method. Diverse material characteristics were observed due to different agroclimatic and cultivation conditions for the sources. Extraction yields were 45.21% (source 1) and 40.32% (source 2), with acid values of 28.70 and 26.00 mg KOH per g of oil, respectively. Oleic acid constituted 79.87 and 67.11% of the oils composition, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the hydroxylation of the oils. FTIR also identified the isocyanate structures in the synthesized polyurethane materials. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed a higher oligomer content in the polyol synthesized from the oil extracted from source 2. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability post-oil conversion, highlighting decomposition stages for rigid and flexible segments. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated higher unsaturation in the oil extracted from source 1, resulting in an elevated crystallization temperature. Tensile testing showed increased elasticity as the [NCO]/[OH] ratio decreased in the material, emphasizing the influence of polyol and crosslinking agent concentrations on mechanical resistance of polyurethane materials. sources method 4521 45 21 45.21 1 4032 40 32 40.32 2, 2 , 2) 2870 28 70 28.7 2600 26 00 26.0 respectively 7987 79 87 79.8 6711 67 11 67.11 composition (FTIR postoil post conversion segments temperature NCO/OH NCOOH NCO / OH [NCO]/[OH 452 4 45.2 403 3 40.3 287 7 28. 260 0 26. 798 8 79. 671 6 67.1 45. 40. 67.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and abdominal fat assessed by ultrasound in prepubertal children with and without excess weight. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 241 prepubertal children, 156 with obesity, 37 with overweight, and 48 with normal weight, aged five to ten years, who were followed at a research unit on Childhood Obesity from a teaching hospital belonging to a public health system. The concentration of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were assessed and regression analyses, considering outcome variables such as abdominal wall and intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasound, were performed. Results The findings highlighted an association between abdominal fat and inflammatory markers, even in children at this young age group. Subcutaneous fat showed a stronger association with inflammatory biomarkers compared to intra-abdominal fat when performing logistic regression, with a positive association between tumor necrosis factor-α and abdominal wall thickness equal to or greater than the 75th percentile in adjusted logistic regression (OR: 18.12; CI 95 %: 1.57: 209.55). Conclusions Abdominal wall fat, in contrast to what is often observed in adults, appears to have a greater impact on chronic inflammation related to excessive weight in very young children. crosssectional cross sectional 24 15 obesity 3 overweight 4 years system interleukin6, interleukin6 interleukin 6, 6 interleukin-6 factorα factor α Creactive C reactive analyses intraabdominal intra performed group th OR (OR 18.12 1812 18 12 9 % 1.57 157 1 57 209.55. 20955 209.55 . 209 55 209.55) adults 2 interleukin- 18.1 181 1.5 5 2095 209.5 20 18. 1. 209.

RESUMO A correlação canônica é usada para correlacionar grupos de variáveis distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar análise de correlação canônica para avaliar a interação entre atributos de qualidade da água causadores de entupimento e o desempenho hidráulico de gotejadores não autocompensantes operando com diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições, com cinco diluições nas parcelas (Diluição 1: 100% de efluente de aquicultura; Diluição 2: 75% de efluente de aquicultura + 25% de água de poço; Diluição 3 : 50% efluente de aquicultura + 50% água de poço; Diluição 4: 25% efluente de aquicultura + 75% água de poço; e Diluição 5: 100% água de poço), três emissores nas subparcelas (ST (1,6 L h-1) , SL (1,6 L h-1) e NJ (1,7 L h-1)), e três tempos de operação nas subsubparcelas (início do experimento, 80 e 160 horas, em que 0 horas de operação significa o início das avaliações). As análises estatísticas realizadas foram matriz de correlação e análise canônica. A análise de correlação canônica indicou que quando as concentrações dos atributos aumentam, o desempenho hidráulico dos gotejadores diminui. A interação desse grupo de atributos indica que o entupimento dos gotejadores que operam com as cinco diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço ocorre pela ação combinada de agentes físicos, químicos e biológicos. O gotejador ST foi o menos sensível ao grupo de atributos de qualidade das diluições, enquanto o mais sensível foi o gotejador SL. distintas casualizado subsubdivididas repetições 1 100 2 75 25 50 4 5 poço, poço) 1,6 16 6 (1, h1 h h-1 1,7 17 7 h1, h-1)) 8 avaliações. avaliações . avaliações) aumentam diminui físicos biológicos 10 1, (1 h- (

ABSTRACT The canonical correlation is used to correlate groups of distinct variables. The objective of this study was to use canonical correlation analysis to evaluate the interaction between water quality attributes clogging-causing and the hydraulic performance of non-pressure compensating drippers operating with dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water. The experiment was in a completely randomized design in a split-split-plot scheme with three replicates, with five dilutions in the plots (Dilution 1: 100% aquaculture effluent; Dilution 2: 75% aquaculture effluent + 25% well water; Dilution 3: 50% aquaculture effluent + 50% well water; Dilution 4: 25% aquaculture effluent + 75% well water; and Dilution 5: 100% well water), three emitters in the sub-plots (ST (1.6 L h-1), SL (1.6 L h-1) and NJ (1.7 L h-1)), and three operating times in the sub-subplots (0, 80 and 160 hours, in which 0 hours operating time means the start of evaluations). The statistical analyses performed were correlation matrix and canonical analysis. The canonical correlation analysis indicated that when the concentrations of attributes increase, the hydraulic performance of the drippers decreases. The interaction of this group of attributes indicates that the clogging of drippers operating with the five dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water occurs by the combined action of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The ST dripper was the least sensitive to the group of quality attributes of the dilutions, whereas the most sensitive was the SL dripper. variables cloggingcausing causing nonpressure non pressure splitsplitplot split plot replicates 1 100 2 75 25 3 50 4 5 water, , water) subplots sub 1.6 16 6 (1. h1, h1 h h-1 1.7 17 7 h-1)) subsubplots 0, (0 8 evaluations. evaluations . evaluations) increase decreases physical chemical agents 10 1. (1 h- (

RESUMO Processo de salinização do solo afeta negativamente o crescimento e o rendimento de culturas economicamente valiosas, como a soja. Com o objetivo de minimizar os danos causados pelo estresse salino e melhorar o desempenho das culturas, novas tecnologias estão sendo desenvolvidas. Neste contexto, o uso de bioestimulantes na agricultura pode oferecer uma alternativa para mitigar os efeitos deletérios da salinidade. O extrato da alga Ascophyllum nodosum e substâncias húmicas (ácidos fúlvicos) são comumente empregados. Portanto, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação de um bioestimulante composto pelo extrato da alga marinha A. nodosum e ácidos fúlvicos aplicados em diferentes estádios fenológicos sobre parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e fisiológicos da soja (Glycine max) submetida à irrigação com água salina. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 + 2, referente a três aplicações do bioestimulante em diferentes estádios fenológicos da soja: V3, V3R1 e V3R1R4, dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa): 0,5 (S0) e 5,0 dS m-1 (S1), dois controles adicionais, um com controle positivo (PC) e outro com controle negativo (NC). O experimento contou com cinco repetições e uma planta por parcela. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a aplicação do bioestimulante pode ser uma alternativa na mitigação dos efeitos nocivos do estresse salino em soja. Os resultados foram obtidos com a aplicação V3R1 nos parâmetros diâmetro do caule, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, extravasamento de eletrólitos e clorofila b representam maior eficiência na mitigação dos efeitos nocivos da salinidade no cultivo da soja. valiosas desenvolvidas contexto empregados Portanto A biométricos Glycine max salina V3 V VR R V3R V3R1R4 VRR CEa (CEa) 05 0 5 0, S0 S (S0 50 5, m1 m 1 m- S1, S1 , (S1) adicionais PC (PC NC. NC . (NC) parcela caule foliar aérea V3R1R (CEa (S (S1 (NC

ABSTRACT Soil salinization negatively affects the growth and yield of economically valuable crops such as soybeans. New technologies are being developed to minimize the damage caused by saline stress and improve crop performance. Therefore, the use of biostimulants in agriculture may offer an alternative method to mitigate the deleterious effects of salinity. Extracts of the seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum and humic substances (fulvic acids) are commonly used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the action of a biostimulant composed of A. nodosum seaweed extract and fulvic acid applied at different phenological stages on the biometric, biochemical, and physiological parameters of soybeans (Glycine max) subjected to irrigation with saline water. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme, referring to three applications of the biostimulant at different soybean phenological stages: V3, V3R1, and V3R1R4, two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5 (S0) and 5.0 dS m-1 (S1), two additional controls, one with a positive control (PC) and the other with a negative control (NC). The experiment had five replicates with one plant per plot. The results of this study suggest that the application of the biostimulant can mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress in soybeans. The results obtained with V3R1 application in the parameters stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry mass, electrolyte leakage, and chlorophyll b represent greater efficiency in mitigating the harmful effects of salinity in soybean cultivation. performance Therefore acids A biometric biochemical Glycine max scheme V3 V VR R V3R1R4 VRR ECw (ECw) 05 0 5 0. S0 S (S0 50 5. m1 m 1 m- S1, S1 , (S1) controls PC (PC NC. NC . (NC) plot V3R diameter area mass leakage cultivation V3R1R (ECw (S (S1 (NC

ABSTRACT Integrated management is considered the best strategy to mitigate the damage caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. However, there is still limited information regarding some integrated techniques. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of genetic management associated with chemical control of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) The experiment was installed in a greenhouse according to an 8×4 factorial design with eight replicates. The first factor was soybean cultivar (HO Juruena IPRO, resistant; Foco IPRO, HO Maracaí IPRO, and CZ 58B28 IPRO, moderately resistant; HO Mamoré IPRO, moderately susceptible; and Extrema IPRO, CZ 48B32 IPRO, and HO Aporé IPRO, susceptible). The second factor consisted of an untreated control and commercial nematicides based on abamectin, thiodicarb+imidacloprid, and fluopyram. Plants were inoculated with 2000 nematode eggs, and nematode and vegetative variables were evaluated at 65 d after inoculation. There was an interaction effect on nematode variables. Furthermore, there was an additive effect of genetic management and chemical control, mainly in resistant cultivars treated with thiodicarb+imidacloprid or fluopyram with controls of up to 69.90% and 96.86%, respectively. The application of fluopyram and the use of ‘HO Juruena IPRO’, ‘Foco IPRO’, or ‘HO Maracaí IPRO’ also contributed to the control of M. javanica. Vegetative variables were studied by analyzing product effects separately, but results were inconclusive.

Resumo Relatos da medicina popular costumam atuar como referencial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos a partir de moléculas naturais com ações terapêuticas para doenças de alta gravidade e prevalência como o câncer. Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. é uma espécie da família Bromeliaceae, considerada uma planta alimentícia não convencional (PANC), encontrada nas regiões sul e centro-oeste do Brasil. Apesar do alto teor nutritivo e potencial farmacológico de seus frutos, poucos estudos científicos relatam suas ações biológicas. Desta forma, este estudo avalia o perfil fitoquímico de extratos aquoso e etanólico obtidos de frutos de B. antiacantha, bem como a sua possível ação antioxidante, antitumoral e citotóxica. O extrato aquoso apresentou compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, enquanto os extratos etanólicos apontam a presença de flavonóides e cumarina em sua composição, independente da região de coleta. O extrato etanólico demonstrou efeito antioxidante mais promissor do que o extrato aquoso e também induziu uma inibição significativa na viabilidade de células humanas de câncer cervical da linhagem SiHa. Além disso, o tratamento com ambos extratos não alterou a viabilidade de células não tumorais da linhagem de queratinócitos humanos imortalizados (HaCaT). Estes dados trazem novas informações sobre extratos obtidos de uma espécie vegetal nativa, comestível e já utilizada tradicionalmente, mas abrindo novas perspectivas quanto a possíveis aplicações terapêuticas.

Abstract Reports from popular medicine usually act as a basis for the development of new drugs from natural compounds with therapeutic actions for serious diseases and prevalence such as cancer. Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. is a species of the Bromeliaceae family, considered an unconventional food plant, found in the south and midwest regions of Brazil. Despite the high nutritional content and pharmacological potential of its fruits, few scientific studies report its biological actions. Thus, this study evaluates the phytochemical profile of aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from B. antiacantha fruits, as well as their possible antioxidant, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. The aqueous extract exhibited phenolic compounds and flavonoids, while ethanol extracts indicated the presence of flavonoids and coumarin in their composition, regardless of the region of collection. The ethanolic extract demonstrated a more promising antioxidant effect than the aqueous extract and also induced a significant inhibition in the viability of human cervical cancer cells of the SiHa strain. In addition, treatment with both extracts did not alter the viability of non-tumor cells of the immortalized human keratinocyte lineage (HaCaT). These results bring new data about extracts obtained from a native plant, edible and traditionally used in popular medicine, opening new perspectives for its possible therapeutic application.

Resumo A infecção por micobactérias não tuberculosas é uma das doenças bacterianas crônicas mais comuns em peixes ornamentais de aquário e parece estar diretamente relacionada a práticas de manejo estressantes. Além disso, também representa potencial zoonótico. Aqui, apresentamos o isolamento e a caracterização de micobactérias não tuberculosas de peixes-anjo de água doce doentes (Pterophyllum scalare) em São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas nove fêmeas reprodutoras descartadas com sinais de doença. Os peixes exibiam letargia, perda de apetite, caquexia, úlceras cutâneas e exoftalmia. Na necropsia, quatro peixes apresentaram granulomas macroscópicos no baço. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare e M. peregrinum foram isolados e identificados por análise de restrição por PCR de hsp65. A análise histopatológica revelou lesões microscópicas compatíveis com micobacteriose, e o bacilo de Mycobacterium foi observado pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen. Notavelmente, todas as espécies de Mycobacterium identificadas neste estudo já foram relatadas em pacientes humanos; portanto, animais doentes podem ser uma fonte de infecção para pessoas que manipulam peixes e aquários.

Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial diseases in ornamental aquarium fish and appears to be directly related to stressful husbandry practices. Furthermore, it also represents zoonotic potential. Here we present the isolation and characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from diseased freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) in São Paulo, Brazil. Nine discarded breeding females with signs of disease were evaluated. The fish exhibited lethargy, loss of appetite, cachexia, skin ulcers, and exophthalmia. At necropsy, four fishes presented macroscopic granulomas in the spleen. Mycobacterium chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare and M. peregrinum were isolated and identified by hsp65 PCR restriction analysis. Histopathological analysis revealed microscopic lesions compatible with mycobacteriosis, and Mycobacterium bacillus were observed by Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Notably, all Mycobacterium species identified in this study have already been reported in human patients; therefore, diseased animals may be a source of infection for people who handle fish and aquariums.

Resumo O Brasil é o maior produtor de figos da América do Sul, porém o cultivo comercial brasileiro da figueira baseia-se na plantação de uma única cultivar, o Roxo-de-Valinhos, resultando em sérios problemas relativos a pragas e doenças. Uma vez que há variações epigenéticas na interação planta-patógeno, principalmente por meio da regulação gênica, o presente trabalho objetiva realizar a caracterização in vivo de acessos de figo, por meio da análise de incidência natural de nematoides formadores de galha e de incidência natural de ferrugem, correlacionada ao seu perfil epigenômico, a fim de subsidiar trabalhos de conservação, melhoramento genético e produção da cultura. A análise dos componentes principais dos dados da caracterização dos acessos foi realizada por meio da matriz de correlação residual obtida pela análise de variância conjunta utilizando o programa GENES. Pôde-se constatar que todas as plantas foram atacadas por este patógeno, evidenciando que são suscetíveis ao mesmo. Já a análise conjunta dos dados demonstrou que a metilação e a incidência de ferrugem em folhas, quando observadas na mesma fase fenológica da planta, se correlacionam, apresentando evidências iniciais de mesmas cargas fatoriais de pressão nos genótipos, com a premissa de comportamento semelhante nos mesmos, indicando que, além do fator genético, fatores abióticos também são responsáveis pelas alterações no fenótipo das plantas, evidenciando a plasticidade fenotípica das mesmas.

Abstract Commercial fig tree cultivation in Brazil involves a single cultivar, ‘Roxo-de-Valinhos’. The use of a single cultivar results in serious diseases and related problems. The aim of this study was to characterize fig accessions by analyzing the natural root-knot nematode and leaf rust incidence in relation to the epigenomic profile of the plant, since epigenetic variations affect plant–pathogen interactions. All plants were attacked by nematodes, indicating susceptibility; Meloidogyne incognita was the root-knot nematode species involved. Joint analysis of data showed that methylation and leaf rust incidence were correlated when observed in the same phenological phase, presenting initial evidence of the same factorial pressure loads in genotypes, suggesting similar behavior within these genotypes.

Resumo Com o crescente interesse no seu cultivo, estudos na produção de pitaya ((Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt, família Cactaceae) é de fundamental importância quando se busca novas técnicas para o incremento do cultivo e garantia de um pomar homogêneo e produtivo. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do uso de diferentes concentrações de ácido giberélico e do estágio de maturação de frutos na germinação de sementes e vigor de plântulas de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca, tendo em vista a qualidade fisiológica de mudas produzidas a fim de subsidiar trabalhos de melhoramento genético e conservação da espécie. Foram utilizadas sementes de frutos de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca em dois estágios de maturação (fisiologicamente maduros e conservados à 10°C em BOD por 3 meses), tratadas com diferentes concentrações de ácido giberélico: 0, 50, 100 e 500 mg/L. Foi possível observar que houve influência do armazenamento de frutos na germinação, emergência e crescimento das plântulas em função das concentrações de ácido giberélico. Assim, verifica-se que, no caso de sementes extraídas de frutos maduros de pitaya vermelha da polpa branca, quando semeadas nas condições do presente estudo, é necessário a utilização de GA3 para incrementar a emergência e o vigor das plântulas, com doses ótimas variando entre 150 e 300 mg/L. No caso da necessidade em armazenar os frutos de pitaya para a posterior retirada de sementes, também nas mesmas condições de semeadura do presente estudo, observa-se que, em síntese, é necessária a utilização de GA3, porém em doses maiores do que o observado no primeiro, sendo de, no mínimo, 500 mg/L. O presente estudo mostra que há influência do estágio de maturação dos frutos de pitaya vermelha de polpa branca para retirada de sementes sobre a qualidade das mudas, concluindo que o uso de sementes extraídas de frutos maduros, sem fermentação, é mais adequado para esta finalidade.

Abstract With increased interest in cultivation, the study of white-fleshed pitahaya (Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt, Cactaceae family) seedling production is of fundamental importance in the search for novel techniques to increase cultivation and guarantee homogeneous and productive orchards. The present study investigated the influence of various gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations and fruit maturation stages on seed germination and vigor of white-fleshed pitahaya seedlings, considering the physiological quality of seedlings produced to support genetic breeding and conservation programs of the species. White-fleshed pitahaya seeds at two maturation stages (physiologically ripe and maintained at 10 °C in Biochemical Oxygen Demand incubators for three months) were treated with varying GA3 concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg/L. We observed the influence of fruit storage on seedling germination, emergence, and growth as a function of GA3 concentration. According to the results, seeds extracted from ripe white-fleshed pitahaya fruits grown under the conditions tested here required GA3 application to increase seedling emergence and vigor, with optimal doses in the 150–300-mg/L range. In the case of pitahaya fruits intended for storage for future seed removal and maintained under the same sowing conditions, the application of higher doses of GA3 was necessary when compared to the previous condition, with a minimum dose of 500 mg/L GA3. The present study shows that the maturation stage of white-fleshed pitahaya fruits intended for seed removal influences the quality of seedlings; therefore, the use of seeds extracted from ripe pitahaya fruits without fermentation is more appropriate for the purpose.

In this work, the molecular properties of the (E)-3-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-quinolin-4(1H)-one were studied, both in a solid and isolated state. The effect of changing the substituent groups –OCH3 and –Cl in the phenyl portion was verified, where the structural and electronic properties were compared. The density functional theory was employed using the hybrid exchange-correlation functional with long-range correction M06-2X, combined with the polarized and diffuse basis set 6-311++G(d,p), in the gas phase. The electronic structure was also analyzed by frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential maps, where information about its chemical reactivity was obtained. Also, the supramolecular arrangement was analyzed by Hirshfeld surface (HS), 2D fingerprint plots, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). The natural bond orbitals (NBO) calculations were carried out to analyze the stability and hyperconjugation energy. Finally, molecular docking was carried out to investigate the affinities of the quinoline-chalcone with a bacterial protein (Agrobacterium pathogens) and an ecdysone receptor-potential pesticidal activity. The results encourage further in vitro and in vivo analyses of the two kinds of organisms investigated. work E34nitrobenzylidene24methoxyphenyl2,3dihydro1phenylsulfonylquinolin41Hone E34nitrobenzylidene24methoxyphenyl23dihydro1phenylsulfonylquinolin41Hone EnitrobenzylidenemethoxyphenyldihydrophenylsulfonylquinolinHone E 3 4 nitrobenzylidene 2 methoxyphenyl 2,3 dihydro 1 phenylsulfonyl quinolin 1H one H studied state OCH3 OCH –OCH Cl verified compared exchangecorrelation exchange correlation longrange long range M062X, M062X MX M06 2X, 2X M X M06-2X 6311++Gd,p, 6311Gdp Gdp 6 311++G d,p , 311 G d p 6-311++G(d,p) phase maps obtained Also HS, HS (HS) D plots QTAIM. QTAIM . (QTAIM) NBO (NBO energy Finally quinolinechalcone quinoline chalcone Agrobacterium pathogens receptorpotential receptor activity investigated E34nitrobenzylidene24methoxyphenyl2 3dihydro1phenylsulfonylquinolin41Hone phenylsulfonylquinolin Hone 23 2, M0 6311 Gd 6311++Gd,p 311G dp 31 6-311++G(d,p (HS (QTAIM Enitrobenzylidenemethoxyphenyl E34nitrobenzylidene24methoxyphenyl dihydrophenylsulfonylquinolinHone 631 63

This study aimed to establish the longitudinal gradient and historical trends of arsenic and metals in a tropical reservoir. Water and sediment samples were collected along the Rio Bonito reservoir (Espírito Santo, Brazil), and a sediment core was obtained from the lacustrine zone. Plasma spectrometric techniques were employed to determine concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb in water and sediment samples, and the sediment samples were dated using high-resolution gamma spectrometry. Higher concentrations of elements were observed in surface water samples from the riverine zone and bottom water samples from the transition zone. Concerning surface sediment samples, elevated concentrations were noted in the transition and lacustrine zones, where deposition is more intense. The sediment core was dated to 1940, before the reservoir dam construction, utilizing 210Pb dating. Certain elements exhibited progressively increasing concentrations over time. Enrichment factor, pollution load, and ecological risk indexes indicated the need for continuous monitoring of this reservoir. Espírito Santo Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) As Cd Co Cu Fe Mn Ni highresolution high resolution spectrometry zones intense 1940 construction dating time factor load 194 19 1

Resumo Produtos derivados de plantas medicinais com atividade antimicrobiana são considerados uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de infecções fúngicas. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo propôs avaliar a atividade antifúngica da fração diclorometano da Annona crassiflora Mart. frente às cepas de C. albicans. Realizou-se ensaios para determinação de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), interferência sobre a cinética de crescimento microbiano, mecanismos de ação sobre a parede e a membrana celular fúngica, atividade antifúngica sobre o biofilme e os efeitos citotóxicos sobre eritrócitos humanos. Esse extrato apresentou valores da CIM e CFM que variaram de 256 µg/mL a 1,024µg/mL e no ensaio de cinética de crescimento microbiana, demonstrou atividade fungicida. O mecanismo de ação não ocorreu por danos na parece celular, tampouco por via ligação ao ergosterol da membrana. Demonstrou-se, ainda, que a fração tem ação frente ao biofilme e não é citotóxico em eritrócitos humanos. Assim, a fração diclorometano de Annona crassiflora Mart possui atividade antifúngica com capacidade de promover redução do crescimento do biofilme, não demosntrou toxicidade frente eritrócitos humanos, no entanto, necessita-se de mais estudos para definição do seu provável mecanismo de ação. fúngicas perspectiva C albicans Realizouse Realizou se (CIM CFM, , (CFM) microbiano fúngica humanos 25 µgmL µg mL 1024µgmL 1 024µg microbiana fungicida Demonstrouse, Demonstrouse Demonstrou se, Demonstrou-se ainda Assim entanto necessitase necessita (CFM 2

Abstract Products derived from medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity are considered a promising alternative in the treatment of fungal infections. In this perspective, this study proposed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. against C. albicans strains. Tests were carried out to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), microbial growth kinetics, fungal cell wall and membrane mechanisms of action, antifungal biofilm activity, and cytotoxic effects on human erythrocytes. The extract presented MIC and MFC values that ranged from 256 µg/mL to 1,024 µg/mL, with fungicidal activity in the microbial growth kinetics assay. The mechanism of action did not occur through damage to the cell wall or via binding to ergosterol in the membrane, though the fraction presents activity against biofilm and is not cytotoxic in human erythrocytes. The dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. presented antifungal activity and reduced biofilm growth, without toxicity against human erythrocytes; however, further studies are needed to define its mechanism of action. infections perspective Mart C strains MIC, , (MIC) MFC, (MFC) erythrocytes 25 µgmL µg mL 1024 1 024 1,02 assay however (MIC (MFC 2 102 02 1,0 10 0 1,

Resumo Neste estudo o objetivo foi realizar a análise fitoquímica, determinar a toxicidade, e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana dos extratos da folha da Dipteryx alata Vogel, uma espécie nativa da flora do cerrado brasileiro. Three extracts were prepared using assisted ultrasound and the Soxhlet apparatus, namely, Crude Ultrasound Extract (UCE), Crude Soxhlet Extract (SCE), and the Ethanol Soxhlet Extract (SEE). A análise fitoquímica identificou a presença de flavonoides, taninos, fitoesteróis e saponinas em todos os extratos; alcaloides foram identificados nos extratos SCE e SEE. Na análise using LC-DAD os compostos ácido gálico, rutina, quercetina, luteolina e kampefrol foram determinados em maior concentração no SCE, seguido pelo SEE e UCE, respectivamente. Já a análise by GC-MS revelou a presença de campesterol, estigmasterol e β-sitosterol em todos os extratos, sendo que o UCE e o SCE apresentaram maior concentração de β-sitosterol. O SCE apresentou a maior concentração de todos os compostos identificados. Na análise da atividade antioxidante por DPPH• e ABTS•+, o SEE apresentou maior eficiência (IC50 = 2,98 ± 2,92 e 6,57 ± 0,89 μg/mL, respectivamente). No teste de toxicidade com Allium cepa, todos os extratos estimularam o crescimento radicular na concentração de 50 g/mL; UCE e SEE estimularam o crescimento radicular a 250 g/mL; e o SEE inibiu o crescimento radicular a 750 g/mL. Na análise de toxicidade usando Artemia salina, todos os extratos foram atóxicos. Foi identificada atividade antibacteriana nos microrganismos S. aureus e S. mutans; entretanto, os extratos não apresentaram ação antifúngica contra a cepa de C. albicans. Os extratos da D. alata apresentam potencial terapêutico para aplicabilidade em odontologia. Vogel brasileiro apparatus namely , (UCE) (SCE) . (SEE) flavonoides taninos LCDAD LC DAD gálico rutina quercetina respectivamente GCMS GC MS campesterol βsitosterol β sitosterol βsitosterol. sitosterol. DPPH ABTS ABTS•+ IC50 IC (IC5 298 2 98 2,9 292 92 657 6 57 6,5 089 0 89 0,8 μgmL μg mL μg/mL respectivamente) 5 g/mL gmL g 25 75 salina atóxicos S mutans entretanto C albicans D odontologia (UCE (SCE (SEE ABTS• IC5 (IC 29 9 2, 65 6, 08 8 0, 7

Abstract In this study, our objective was to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical analysis, determine toxicity levels, and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts derived from the leaves of Dipteryx alata Vogel, a native species of the Brazilian cerrado flora. Three distinct extracts were prepared utilizing assisted ultrasound and the Soxhlet apparatus, namely, Ultrasound Crude Extract (UCE), Soxhlet Crude Extract (SCE), and the Soxhlet Ethanol Extract (SEE). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, and saponins in all extracts. Additionally, alkaloids were specifically identified in the SCE and SEE extracts. In the analysis using LC-DAD, the compounds gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and kampefrol were determined in higher concentrations in the SCE, followed by the SEE and UCE, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all extracts, with UCE and SCE showing a higher concentration of β-sitosterol. SCE showed the highest concentration of all identified compounds. In the analysis of antioxidant activity by DPPH• and ABTS•+, SEE showed greater efficiency (IC50 = 2.98 ± 2.92 and 6.57 ± 0.89 μg/mL, respectively). In the toxicity test with Allium cepa, all extracts stimulated root growth at 50 g/mL; UCE and SEE stimulated root growth at 250 g/mL; and SEE inhibited root growth at 750 g/mL. In the Artemia salina toxicity, all extracts were non-toxic. Antibacterial activity was identified in the microorganisms S. aureus and S. mutans; however, the extracts did not show antifungal action against the strain of C. albicans. The extracts of D. alata have therapeutic potential for applicability in dentistry. study levels Vogel flora apparatus namely , (UCE) (SCE) SEE. . (SEE) flavonoids tannins phytosterols Additionally LCDAD, LCDAD LC DAD, DAD LC-DAD acid rutin quercetin respectively GCMS GC MS campesterol βsitosterol β sitosterol βsitosterol. sitosterol. DPPH ABTS ABTS•+ IC50 IC (IC5 298 2 98 2.9 292 92 657 6 57 6.5 089 0 89 0.8 μgmL μg mL μg/mL respectively) cepa 5 g/mL gmL g 25 75 nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic S mutans however C albicans D dentistry (UCE (SCE (SEE ABTS• IC5 (IC 29 9 2. 65 6. 08 8 0. 7

RESUMO A escassez hídrica e a busca por alternativas de reúso da água são desafios enfrentados no semiárido brasileiro. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, predizer o risco de obstrução de gotejadores por atributos de qualidade da água e analisar os efeitos das águas residual de indústria e de abastecimento no desempenho hidráulico de gotejadores. Para isso, foram montadas duas bancadas experimentais, onde o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subsubdivididas com três repetições. Tendo nas parcelas os tipos de água (água de abastecimento e rejeito da osmose reversa), nas subparcelas os tipos de gotejadores não autocompensantes (NST - 1,6 L h-1, NSL - 1,6 L h-1 e NDT - 1,7 L h-1) e nas subsubparcelas os tempos de avaliação do coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição e da vazão relativa (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 e 160 horas). Nos tempos 0, 80 e 160 horas efetuou-se a caracterização dos atributos pH, condutividade elétrica, sólidos suspensos totais, sólidos dissolvidos totais, cálcio, magnésio, ferro e manganês nos dois tipos de água. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, ANOVA e teste de Tukey à 5% de probabilidade. Na água residual os atributos que representaram risco de obstrução para gotejadores foram o pH, condutividade elétrica, magnésio e sólidos dissolvidos totais, enquanto na água de abastecimento somente o pH. A interação tipos de águas e tempo de operação afetou significativamente os dois indicadores de desempenho hidráulico, entretanto não houve efeito significativo do fator tipos de gotejadores. brasileiro Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou se, se Objetivou-se trabalho isso experimentais repetições reversa, reversa , reversa) NST 16 1 6 1, h1, h1 h h- 17 7 0 (0 20 40 60 100 120 14 horas. . horas) 8 efetuouse efetuou pH elétrica totais cálcio descritiva 5 probabilidade ( 2 4 10 12

ABSTRACT Water scarcity and the search for alternative water reuse are challenges faced in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The objective of this study was to predict the risk of clogging of drippers based on water quality attributes and to analyze the effects of industrial residual water and supply water on their hydraulic performance. Two experimental benches were set up in a completely randomized design, in split-split plots, with three replicates. Plots contained the types of water (supply water and reverse osmosis reject), subplots contained the types of non-pressure-compensating drippers (NST - 1.6 L h-1, NSL - 1.6 L h-1 and NDT - 1.7 L h-1) and sub-subplots contained the evaluation times of the distribution uniformity coefficient and relative flow rate (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 hours). At times 0, 80 and 160 hours, the attributes pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese were characterized in both types of water. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis, ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability level. In residual water, the attributes that represented a risk of clogging for drippers were pH, electrical conductivity, magnesium and total dissolved solids, while in supply water only pH represented risk. The interaction between types of water and operating time significantly affected both hydraulic performance indicators, but there was no significant effect of the dripper type factor. semiarid semi arid region design splitsplit split plots replicates reject, reject , reject) nonpressurecompensating non pressure compensating NST 16 1 6 1. h1, h1 h 1, h- 17 7 subsubplots sub 0 (0 20 40 60 100 120 14 hours. hours . hours) 8 conductivity solids calcium analysis 5 level indicators factor ( 2 4 10 12

In this report, we designed and synthesized ten N-(R-phenyl)-3-carboxamide-coumarin derivatives (2a-2j), exploring the coumarin nucleus, and an R-phenyl group as a structural scaffold and a peptide bond as a linker between them. The structure-activity relationships were investigated with different R-substituents (H, Br, NO2, Cl) in ortho, meta, or para positions from the phenyl group. Coumarins were obtained in good yields (72-95%), and in vitro screening against Canavalia ensiformis urease showed potential inhibitory percentages ranging from 42 to 65%. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined for the best compounds 2b (R = 2-Br) and 2d (R = 4-Br). After conducting molecular docking and molecular dynamics on urease from C. ensiformis and Helicobacter pylori, potential binding modes for the most effective compounds 2b and 2d showed that these derivatives are able to interact with the crucial residue Cys592, thereby blocking the access of the urea substrate to the active site. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 4-Br substitution on H. pylori urease was necessary for interacting with catalytic amino acids on the active site. report NRphenyl3carboxamidecoumarin NRphenylcarboxamidecoumarin N R 3 carboxamide 2a2j, 2a2j aj 2a 2j , j (2a-2j) nucleus Rphenyl them structureactivity structure activity Rsubstituents substituents H, H (H Br NO2 NO Cl ortho meta 7295%, 7295 72 95% 95 (72-95%) 4 65 65% Halfmaximal Half maximal IC50 IC (IC50 b 2Br 2 2-Br d 4Br. 4Br . 4-Br) C Cys592 Cys site DFT (DFT calculations NRphenyl carboxamidecoumarin (2a-2j 7295% 729 7 9 (72-95% 6 IC5 (IC5 Cys59 (72-95 (IC Cys5 (72-9 (72- (72 (7 (