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Abstract Background: Objectives: The COM-B model of capability, motivation, and opportunity was used to estimate the determinants of PrEP usage intention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with MSM recruited through snowball sampling. The interviews lasted 30-60 minutes and were conducted via Zoom or telephone. The data were analyzed using Atlas Ti v.8 and mapped to capability, motivation, and opportunity domains. Results: Potential facilitators identified were the skills and interest in seeking information about PrEP (capability), social support and peer opinion (opportunity), and motivations to use PrEP as an additional tool in HIV prevention. The main barriers identified were stigma towards homosexuality and HIV (opportunity); healthcare system organization and financing (opportunity); perceived lack of ability to adhere to PrEP usage (capability); and monitoring of PrEP that could be attributed to personal and healthcare system factors (capability and opportunity). Conclusions: Four strategies are suggested to address these barriers: 1) adaptation of interventions that promote knowledge and skills for PrEP; 2) development of navigator interventions to engage organizations and leaders; 3) education and skills training for primary care physicians; and 4) improvement of sexual health care systems.

Resúmen Introducción: Estudios previos en relación con los determinantes del uso de la profilaxis preexposición al VIH en Colombia son escasos, en este estudio nos proponemos usar el modelo de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad COM-B para estimar los determinantes de la intención de uso de PrEP en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Metodología: se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas con HSH reclutados por muestreo de bola de nieve, con una duración entre de 30-60 minutos, por zoom o teléfono. Se realizo un análisis de contenido y luego se realizó el mapeo de los temas con los dominios de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad. Resultados: Se encontró como posibles facilitadores las habilidades e interés para buscar información sobre PrEP (Capacidad), el apoyo social y la opinión de pares (oportunidad), y las motivaciones para usar la PrEP como una herramienta adicional en la prevención del VIH. Como barrera se resalta principalmente el estigma hacia la homosexualidad y el VIH (oportunidad), la organización y financiación del sistema de salud, (oportunidad), la percepción de falta de habilidad para cumplir con el uso de PrEP (capacidad), y la monitoria de PrEP que se pudiera atribuir a factores personales y del sistema de salud (capacidad y oportunidad). Consideraciones finales: se sugieren 4 estrategias para abordar esas barreras 1) adaptación de intervenciones que promuevan el conocimiento y las habilidades para PrEP, 2) desarrollos de intervenciones de navegantes que promuevan la participación de organizaciones y lideres, 3) educación y habilidades para médicos de atención primaria, 4) mejoramiento del sistema de atención en salud sexual.

https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.20.2.2024.e933

HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Awareness, Eligibility and Intention in Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women: a cross-sectional study in Colombia 2020 - 2021
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Mueses-Marín, Héctor Fabio

; Alvarado-Llano, Beatriz Eugenia

; Bolívar-Rocha, María Camila

; Galindo-Orrego, Ximena

; Torres-Isasiga, Julián Andrés

; Martínez-Cajas, Jorge Luis

Medicas UIS

Journal Metrics
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aug 2024, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 77 - 99

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Despite overwhelming evidence supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in HIV prevention, its adoption has been marginal. In Colombia, more information about eligibility, awareness, and intentions to use PrEP in target populations and how these relate to social determinants is needed. Aim: To assess PrEP awareness, the motivational cascade, and the social conditions related to the cascade. Methods: A cross-sectional study in a non-probabilistic sample was conducted between April 2020 and February 2021 among 552 Men with Sex with Men (MSM) and 158 Transgender Women (TGW). We used the Poisson regression to explore the associations between PrEP eligibility, awareness, and elements of the motivational PrEP cascade (willingness, intention, and self-perceived need to take) and their sociodemographic characteristics. Results: 51.2 % of the participants were aware of PrEP, 58.7 % were willing to use it, 45 % were self-perceived as PrEP candidates, and 56.2 % intended to take it.TGW were less likely to be aware but more willing to use PrEP than the sample of MSM interviewed face-to-face. Low education was related to low PrEP awareness and low income to low willingness to start PrEP. Conclusions: These results support the pertinence of the cascade concept to describe the stage of the target population regarding eligibility and motivation to take it. To accelerate PrEP implementation, efforts are needed to increase awareness among MSM and TGW with focalized strategies for those with low socioeconomic status.

Resumen Introducción: A pesar de la enorme evidencia que apoya la eficacia y efectividad de la Profilaxis Pre-exposición (PrEP) para el VIH, su adopción continúa siendo marginal. En Colombia, poco se sabe sobre los determinantes sociales y su efecto en la elegibilidad, familiaridad e intención de uso de la PrEP en poblaciones de interés. Objetivo: Evaluar la familiaridad con la PrEP, la cascada motivacional de la PrEP y las condiciones sociales como determinantes de esta cascada. Métodos: Entre abril 2020 y febrero 2021 se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra no probabilística de 552 Hombres que tienen Sexo con Hombres (HSH) y 158 Mujeres Transgénero (MTG). Usando la regresión de Poisson, se exploraron las asociaciones entre elegibilidad, familiaridad y elementos de la cascada motivacional de PrEP (voluntad, intención y necesidad autopercibida de tomarla) con las características sociodemográficas. Resultados: El 51,2 % sabían de la PrEP, el 58,7 % estaban dispuestos a utilizarla, el 45 % se percibían como candidatos a PrEP, y 56,2 % tenían intención de tomarla. Una baja escolaridad se relacionó con una baja familiaridad con la PrEP y los bajos ingresos con menor intención de uso. Las MTG estaban menos enteradas sobre la PrEP, pero estaban más dispuestas a usarla que los HSH que fueron entrevistados en persona. Conclusión: Los resultados apoyan la pertinencia del concepto de la cascada de PrEP para describir el estado de elegibilidad y motivación para tomarla. Para acelerar la implementación de la PrEP, se debe incrementar su conocimiento entre HSH y MTG con estrategias focalizadas en poblaciones menos escolarizadas.

https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v37n2-2024007

Factores relacionados al interés e intención al uso de profilaxis preexposición al VIH en hombres gay y/o bisexuales, Colombia
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Mueses-Marín, Héctor Fabio

; Alvarado-Llano, Beatriz Eugenia

; Bolívar-Rocha, María Camila

; Arrivillaga, Marcela

; Camargo-Plazas, Pilar

; Torres-Isasiga, Julián Andrés

; Galindo-Orrego, Ximena

; Martínez-Cajas, Jorge Luis

Hacia la Promoción de la Salud

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jun 2024, Volume 29 N. 1 Pages 118 - 140

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen Introducción: la profilaxis preexposición al VIH (PrEP) ha demostrado disminuir la incidencia del VIH, pero su adopción en Colombia es aún incipiente. Para avanzar en la implementación de la PrEP como intervención de salud pública es necesario conocer el interés de las poblaciones en riesgo de VIH y los factores que facilitarían su uso. Objetivo: identificar los factores relacionados con el interés e intención de tomar PrEP en hombres gay/bisexuales. Metodología: estudio transversal analítico en una muestra no probabilística en ciudades principales de Colombia. Se exploraron las características sociodemográficas, conocimiento, motivaciones, habilidades conductuales y factores psicosociales, se utilizaron modelos logísticos para estimar la relación de estos factores con el interés y la intención de usar la PrEP. Resultados y conclusiones: participaron 552 hombres gay/bisexuales, 301 (54 %) reclutados en línea y 251 en persona. Solo el 40 % de la muestra sabía de la existencia de PrEP. 57.4 % (IC95%:54.9%-62.4%) reportaron interés e 52.9 % (IC95%: 48.5%-57.3%) intención de usar PrEP. El interés y la intención de usar la PrEP se relacionaron con actitudes y normas positivas hacia PrEP, así como con mayores habilidades relacionadas con servicios de PrEP. El estigma hacia la PrEP y los síntomas depresivos se relacionaron con menor interés e intención. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de fomentar la información sobre PrEP, especialmente en poblaciones con más desventajas sociales y que experimentan más estigma, al igual que desarrollar intervenciones comunitarias que apoyen las motivaciones y las habilidades para usar la PrEP.

Abstract Introduction: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce the incidence of HIV, but its adoption in Colombia is still beginning. To advance the implementation of PrEP as a public health intervention, it is necessary to know the interest of populations at risk of HIV and the factors that would facilitate its use. Objective: Identify factors related to interest and intention to take PrEP in gay/bisexual men. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study in a non-probabilistic sample in main cities of Colombia. Sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, motivations, behavioral skills, and psychosocial factors were explored; logistic models were used to estimate the relationship of these factors with interest and intention to use PrEP. Results and conclusions: 552 gay/bisexual men participated, 301 (54%) recruited online and 251 in person. Only 40% of the sample knew of the existence of PrEP. 57.4% (95% CI: 54.9%-62.4%) reported interest and 52.9% (95% CI: 48.5%-57.3%) intention to use PrEP. Interest and intention to use PrEP were related to positive attitudes and norms toward PrEP, as well as greater skills related to PrEP services. Stigma toward PrEP and depressive symptoms were related to lower interest and intention. Our results suggest the need to promote information about PrEP, especially in populations with more social disadvantages and who experience more stigma, as well as to develop community interventions that support motivations and skills to use PrEP.

Resumo Introdução: Foi demonstrado que a profilaxia pré-exposição ao VIH (PrEP) reduz a incidência do VIH, mas a sua adopção na Colômbia está apenas a começar. Para avançar na implementação da PrEP como intervenção de saúde pública, é necessário conhecer o interesse das populações em risco de VIH e os fatores que facilitariam a sua utilização. Objetivo: Identificar fatores relacionados ao interesse e intenção de tomar PrEP em homens gays/bissexuais. Metodologia: Estudo analítico transversal em amostra não probabilística nas principais cidades da Colômbia. Foram exploradas características sociodemográficas, conhecimentos, motivações, habilidades comportamentais e fatores psicossociais; modelos logísticos foram utilizados para estimar a relação desses fatores com o interesse e intenção de uso da PrEP. Resultados e conclusões: Participaram 552 homens gays/bissexuais, 301 (54%) recrutados online e 251 pessoalmente. Apenas 40% da amostra sabia da existência da PrEP. 57,4% (IC 95%: 54,9%-62,4%) relataram interesse e 52,9% (IC 95%: 48,5%-57,3%) intenção de usar a PrEP. O interesse e a intenção de usar a PrEP estavam relacionados com atitudes e normas positivas em relação à PrEP, bem como com maiores competências relacionadas com os serviços de PrEP. O estigma em relação à PrEP e os sintomas depressivos foram relacionados com menor interesse e intenção. Os nossos resultados sugerem a necessidade de promover informação sobre a PrEP, especialmente em populações com mais desvantagens sociais e que sofrem mais estigma, bem como desenvolver intervenções comunitárias que apoiem motivações e competências para usar a PrEP.

https://doi.org/10.17151/hpsal.2024.29.1.9

Morbidity trend and space-time clusters of COVID-19 occurrence in children and adolescents spacetime space time COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 COVID1 1 COVID-
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Rocha, Camila Beatriz Alves da

; Machado, Lúbia Maieles Gomes

; Silva, Pãmela Rodrigues de Souza

; Freitas, Bruna Hinnah Borges Martins de

; Battisti, Iara Denise Endruweit

; Santos, Emerson Soares dos

; Ferreira, Silvana Margarida Benevides

Jornal de Pediatria

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apr 2024, Volume 100 N. 2 Pages 196 - 203

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To analyze the morbidity trend and space-time distribution clusters of confirmed COVID-19 cases in children and adolescents. Method: An ecological study of COVID-19 cases confirmed in the Information System from 2020 to 2022 in the age group from 0 to 19 years old, residents in Mato Grosso municipalities, Brazilian Midwest region. A trend analysis of the monthly morbidity rate of cases/100,000 inhabitants was used, following Prais-Winsten’s regression. A space-time distribution of the Bayesian incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants was performed, in addition to a space-time scan to identify high-risk clusters. Results: Of all 79,592 COVID-19 cases studied, 51.6% were in females and 44.21% in people aged 15-19 years old. The mean monthly rate was 265.87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a stationary trend in the period analyzed (Monthly Percentage Variation [MPV]) = 12.15; CI95%[MPV]: -0.73;26.70). The morbidity rate due to COVID-19 was higher in the female gender (283.14/ 100,000 inhabitants) and in the age group from 15 to 19 years old (485.90/100,000 inhabitants). An increasing trend was observed with a greater monthly time variation of 14.42% (CI95%[MPV]: 1.28;29.28)] among those aged from 10 to 14 years old. The primary cluster, which was also the one with the highest Relative Risk (RR = 5,16, p-value = 0.001), included 19 municipalities located in the North health macro-region. Conclusion: The findings indicated a monthly stationary trend in the study population, an increase in the age group from 10 to 14 years old, and areas at a higher risk for the disease in the North health macro-region of the state. Objective spacetime space COVID19 COVID COVID-1 adolescents Method 202 1 region cases100000 100 000 cases/100,00 used PraisWinstens Prais Winsten s regression 100000 100,00 performed highrisk high Results 79592 79 592 79,59 studied 516 51 6 51.6 4421 44 21 44.21 1519 15-1 26587 265 87 265.8 Monthly MPV [MPV] 12.15 1215 12 CI95%MPV CI95MPV CIMPV CI95% CI95 CI CI95%[MPV] 0.7326.70. 0732670 0.73 26.70 . 73 26 70 -0.73;26.70) 283.14/ 28314 283 (283.14 485.90/100,000 48590100000 485 90 (485.90/100,00 inhabitants. 1442 42 14.42 (CI95%[MPV] 1.2829.28 1282928 1.28 29.28 28 29 1.28;29.28) cluster RR 5 16 5,16 pvalue p value 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) macroregion. macroregion macro Conclusion population state COVID1 COVID- 20 cases10000 00 cases/100,0 10000 100,0 7959 7 59 79,5 51. 442 4 2 44.2 151 15- 2658 8 265. [MPV 12.1 121 CI9 CI95%[MPV 7326 0.7326.70 073267 073 0.7 2670 26.7 -0.73;26.70 283.14 2831 (283.1 485.90/100,00 4859010000 48 9 (485.90/100,0 144 14.4 (CI95%[MPV 2829 1.2829.2 128292 128 1.2 2928 29.2 1.28;29.28 5,1 0.00 cases1000 cases/100, 1000 100, 795 79, 44. 12. 732 0.7326.7 07326 07 0. 267 26. -0.73;26.7 283.1 (283. 485.90/100,0 485901000 (485.90/100, 14. 282 1.2829. 12829 1. 292 29. 1.28;29.2 5, 0.0 cases100 cases/100 0.7326. 0732 -0.73;26. 283. (283 485.90/100, 48590100 (485.90/100 1.2829 1282 1.28;29. cases10 cases/10 0.7326 -0.73;26 (28 485.90/100 4859010 (485.90/10 1.282 1.28;29 cases1 cases/1 0.732 -0.73;2 (2 485.90/10 485901 (485.90/1 1.28;2 cases/ -0.73; ( 485.90/1 48590 (485.90/ 1.28; -0.73 485.90/ 4859 (485.90 -0.7 485.90 (485.9 -0. 485.9 (485. -0 485. (485 - (48 (4

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2023.10.004

Firework-related ocular trauma in Pernambuco, Brazil Fireworkrelated Firework related Pernambuco
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Carvalho, Tiago Cavalcanti de

; Lira, Rodrigo Pessoa Cavalcanti

; Melo, Caio Rodrigo de Oliveira

; Soares, Ana Karine de Araújo

; Rocha, Camilla da Silva

; Ventura, Camila V.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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2024, Volume 87 N. 6 elocation e2022-0205

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivos: Descrever as características demográficas e clínicas das vítimas de trauma ocular por fogos de artifício atendidas nas emergências oftalmológicas de dois centros de referência em Pernambuco e identificar fatores relacionados a mau prognóstico visual. Métodos: Avaliação retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes admitidos na emergência oftalmológica com história de trauma por fogos de artifício entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2018. A coleta de dados incluiu idade, gênero, procedência, mês e ano do acidente, estruturas oculares acometidas e características das lesões, além do tipo de tratamento a que os pacientes foram submetidos. Naqueles pacientes acompanhados por mais de 30 dias, analisou-se a acuidade visual final e a associação com sua procedência. Resultados: Foram incluídos 370 olhos de 314 pacientes. Destes, 248 (79,0%) vítimas eram do sexo masculino e 160 (51,0%) da região metropolitana do Recife, com uma média de idade de 25.6 ± 18.8 anos. Em 56 (17,8%) dos casos o trauma foi bilateral. No mês de junho ocorreu um total de 152 (48,4%) casos. Os sítios mais acometidos foram pálpebras em 91 (24,6%) olhos e superfície ocular em 252 (68,1%). O tratamento cirúrgico foi necessário em 87 (23,5%) olhos. Após manejo clínico-cirúrgico, 37 (10.0%) olhos desenvolveram visão pior do que 20/400. Destes, 34 (91,9%) olhos eram de pacientes do interior do estado de Pernambuco ou de outro estado. Os pacientes provenientes do interior do estado apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver cegueira quando comparados aos que eram provenientes da região metropolitana (Odds Ratio de 5,46). Conclusões: As vítimas de trauma ocular por fogos de artificio foram em sua maioria do sexo masculino, procedentes da região metropolitana do estado e das faixas etárias pediátrica e economicamente ativa. Aqueles provenientes do interior ou de outros estados apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver cegueira. Objetivos Métodos 201 2018 gênero procedência acidente lesões submetidos 3 dias analisouse analisou se Resultados 31 Destes 24 79,0% 790 79 0 (79,0% 16 51,0% 510 51 (51,0% Recife 256 25 6 25. 188 18 8 18. anos 5 17,8% 178 17 (17,8% bilateral 15 48,4% 484 48 4 (48,4% 9 24,6% 246 (24,6% 68,1%. 681 68,1% . 68 1 (68,1%) 23,5% 235 23 (23,5% clínicocirúrgico, clínicocirúrgico clínico cirúrgico, clínico-cirúrgico 10.0% 100 10 (10.0% 20400 20 400 20/400 91,9% 919 (91,9% Odds 5,46. 546 5,46 46 5,46) Conclusões ativa 2 79,0 7 (79,0 51,0 (51,0 17,8 (17,8 48,4 (48,4 24,6 (24,6 68,1 (68,1% 23,5 (23,5 10.0 (10.0 2040 40 20/40 91,9 (91,9 54 5,4 79, (79, 51, (51, 17, (17, 48, (48, 24, (24, 68, (68,1 23, (23, 10. (10. 204 20/4 91, (91, 5, (79 (51 (17 (48 (24 (68, (23 (10 20/ (91 (7 (5 (1 (4 (2 (68 (9 ( (6

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of victims of fireworkrelated ocular trauma treated at the ophthalmologic emergency de partments of two reference centers in Pernambuco, Brazil, and to identify risk factors related to poor visual prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients admitted in emergency departments with a report of firework-related trauma between January 2012 and December 2018. Data collected included patient’s age, sex, place of origin, month and year of the accident, ocular structures affected, characteristics of the injuries, and type of treatment that patients received. For patients who were followed for >30 days, the final visual acuity and patient’s origin were analyzed. Results: Three hundred and seventy eyes from 314 patients were included, of which 248 (79.0%) were male and 160 (51.0%) were from the metropolitan region of Recife. The mean patient age was 25.6 ± 18.8 years. In 56 (17.8%) patients, the ocular trauma was bilateral. A total of 152 (48.4%) cases occurred in June. The most affected sites were the eyelids in 91 (24.6%) eyes and ocular surface in 252 (68.1%). Surgical treatment was required in 87 (23.5%) eyes. After clinical and surgical management, 37 (10.0%) eyes presented final visual acuity of <20/400. Of these, 34 (91.9%) eyes were from patients from the countryside or from another state. Patients from the countryside presented higher risk of developing blindness after a firework trauma than those from the metropolitan area (odds ratio of 5.46). Conclusions: Victims of firework-related ocular trauma were mostly male, from the metropolitan region of Pernambuco state and mainly pediatric patients or economically active. Those coming from the countryside and other states had higher risk of developing blindness Purpose Brazil prognosis Methods 201 2018 s sex accident injuries received 30 >3 days analyzed Results 31 24 79.0% 790 79 0 (79.0% 16 51.0% 510 51 (51.0% Recife 256 25 6 25. 188 18 8 18. years 5 17.8% 178 17 (17.8% bilateral 15 48.4% 484 48 4 (48.4% June 9 24.6% 246 (24.6% 68.1%. 681 68.1% . 68 1 (68.1%) 23.5% 235 23 (23.5% management 3 10.0% 100 10 (10.0% 20400 20 400 <20/400 these 91.9% 919 (91.9% odds 5.46. 546 5.46 46 5.46) Conclusions active > 2 79.0 7 (79.0 51.0 (51.0 17.8 (17.8 48.4 (48.4 24.6 (24.6 68.1 (68.1% 23.5 (23.5 10.0 (10.0 2040 40 <20/40 91.9 (91.9 54 5.4 79. (79. 51. (51. 17. (17. 48. (48. 24. (24. 68. (68.1 23. (23. 10. (10. 204 <20/4 91. (91. 5. (79 (51 (17 (48 (24 (68. (23 (10 <20/ (91 (7 (5 (1 (4 (2 (68 <20 (9 ( (6 <2 <

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.2022-0205

Escala de Forças de Caráter: novas evidências de validade
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Alves da Rocha, Rafael Moreton

; Grillo Santos, Camila

; Vazquez Gonzalez, Henrique

; Porto Noronha, Ana Paula

Ciencias Psicológicas

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2024, Volume 18 N. 1 elocation e3297

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen: Las fortalezas del carácter se consideran un aspecto positivo de la personalidad que indica una vida satisfactoria y auténtica. La Escala de Fortalezas del Carácter (EFC) es la única medida conocida que evalúa las fortalezas personales de los brasileños. La literatura sugiere que la estructura propuesta de 24 fortalezas divididas en seis virtudes no se replica empíricamente. Los estudios han comparado las fortalezas del carácter entre hombres y mujeres, y en diferentes etapas del desarrollo; sin embargo, comprender la equivalencia del instrumento entre grupos debe preceder a tales comparaciones. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar la estructura factorial de la EFC encontrada por Noronha y Batista (2020) y evaluar la invarianza del constructo entre: adolescentes y adultos, sexo en adolescentes, sexo en adultos. Para el primer objetivo, se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (CFA) que respaldó la estructura probada. Para el segundo, se evaluó la equivalencia de los factores de la escala entre grupos utilizando el CFA Multigrupo, que identificó algunos factores como equivalentes y otros no. Se puede concluir que la estructura factorial probada es empíricamente relevante y que, al comparar las medias de las fortalezas entre grupos en futuros estudios utilizando la EFC, los autores deben prestar atención a qué fortalezas pertenecen a factores invariantes.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify instruments used to assess the Character strengths are considered a positive aspect of personality, indicating a satisfying and authentic life. The Character Strengths Scale is the only known measure that evaluates personal strengths of Brazilians. The literature suggests that the proposed structure of 24 character strengths divided into six virtues is not empirically replicated. Studies have compared character strengths between men and women and across stages of development; however, understanding the equivalence of the instrument across groups should precede such comparisons. This study aims to test the factor structure of the Character Strengths Scale found by Noronha and Batista (2020) and evaluate the construct’s invariance among adolescents and adults, as well as between sexes in adolescents and adults. For the first objective, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed, which supported the tested structure. For the second, the equivalence of the scale factors between groups was evaluated using Multi-Group CFA, which identified some factors as equivalent and others as not. It can be concluded that the tested factor structure is empirically relevant and that, when comparing strength means between groups in future studies using the Character Strengths Scale, authors should pay attention to which strengths belong to invariant factors.

Resumo: As forças pessoais são consideradas como construto da personalidade com aspecto positivo, indicando uma vida satisfatória e autêntica. A Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC) é a única que se tem conhecimento que avalia as forças pessoais dos brasileiros. A literatura aponta que a estrutura proposta, das 24 forças pessoais divididas em 6 virtudes, não é replicada empiricamente. Estudos tem comparado as forças de caráter entre homens e mulheres e entre etapas do desenvolvimento, porém, compreender a equivalência do instrumento entre os grupos deve preceder tais comparações. Este estudo objetiva testar a estrutura fatorial da EFC encontrada por Noronha e Batista (2020) e avaliar a invariância do construto entre: adolescentes e adultos, sexo em adolescentes, sexo em adultos. Para o primeiro objetivo, empregou-se uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC), que corroborou a estrutura testada. Para o segundo, avaliou-se a invariância dos fatores da escala entre os grupos a partir da AFC-Multigrupo, que apontou alguns fatores como equivalentes e outros não. Pode-se concluir que a estrutura fatorial testada é empiricamente pertinente e que, ao comparar médias das forças entre os grupos em estudos futuros com a EFC, os autores devem se atentar a quais forças pertencem a fatores invariantes.

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v18i1.3297

Listas de medicamentos disponíveis no sistema público de saúde da Inglaterra e do Brasil para enfrentamento da carga de doenças
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Cunha, Camila Rocha da

; Seta, Marismary Horsth De

; Castro, Rodolfo de Almeida

; Luiza, Vera Lucia

Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva

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2024, Volume 34 elocation e34034

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This study aimed to compare the lists of medicines offered by the England (National Health Service -NHS) and Brazilian (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) health systems. The analysis was performed using the chemical subgroup (4th level) of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification (ATC), focusing on the main causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) found in the 2019 Global Disease Burden study for both countries: cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and mental disorders. The comparison between the Drug Tariff of March 2020 (England) and the Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename) 2020 (Brazil) showed that the former contains 3,620 pharmaceutical presentations and Rename, 921, with 3,158 and 796 being monodrugs, respectively. Drug Tariff has 3.9 times more pharmaceutical presentations than Rename and 2 times more active substances in monodrugs than Rename. Rename and Drug Tariff have 281 active chemicals in common, considering the 5th level of the ATC. The list of medicines financed by the NHS is broader than that of Brazil, both for diseases in general and for diseases prevalent in both countries, which may constitute a possibility of improvement for Rename, keeping the need for more studies in-depth on the topic.

Resumo Objetivou-se comparar as listas de medicamentos oferecidos pelos sistemas públicos de saúde inglês e brasileiro, averiguando a amplitude das possibilidades terapêuticas em ambos os países. Na análise utilizou-se o subgrupo químico (4º nível) da classificação anatômica, terapêutica e química (Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification – ATC), com foco nas três principais causas de anos de vida perdidos ajustados pela incapacidade (Disability-Adjusted Life Years - DALYs) encontrados no estudo de Carga Global de Doenças de 2019, comuns a ambos os países: doenças cardiovasculares, músculo-esqueléticas e mentais. Da comparação entre a Drug Tariff de março de 2020 (Inglaterra) e a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename) 2020 (Brasil) emergiu que a Drug Tariff contém 3.620 apresentações farmacêuticas e a Rename, 921, sendo que 3.158 e 796 são monofármacos, respectivamente; um número 3,9 vezes maior de apresentações farmacêuticas que a Rename e duas vezes maior de substâncias ativas. A Rename e a Drug Tariff possuem 281 substâncias químicas ativas em comum, considerando o 5º nível da ATC. A lista de medicamentos financiados pelo NHS apresenta-se mais ampla que a do Brasil, tanto para doenças em geral, quanto para as doenças prevalentes nos dois países, podendo-se constituir uma possibilidade de aprimoramento para a Rename.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-7331202434034pt

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had routine surgical simulator training during residency COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 COVID1 1 COVID-
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Magalhães, Maria Clara O.

; Sarmento, Mariana M. G.

; Sant’Anna, Guilherme H.

; Soares, Ana Karine A.

; Ventura, Camila V.

; Rocha, Camilla S.

; Ventura, Bruna V.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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2024, Volume 87 N. 2 elocation e2023-0038

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had mandatory surgical simulator training during residency. Methods: In this retrospective, observational analytical study, the total number of cataract surgeries and surgical complications by all senior residents of 2019 (2019 class; prepandemic) and 2020 (2020 class; affected by the reduced number of elective surgeries due to the COVID-19 pandemic) were collected and compared. All residents had routine mandatory cataract surgery training on a virtual surgical simulator during residency. The total score obtained by these residents on cataract challenges of the surgical simulator was also evaluated. Results: The 2020 and 2019 classes performed 1275 and 2561 cataract surgeries, respectively. This revealed a reduction of 50.2% in the total number of procedures performed by the 2020 class because of the pandemic. The incidence of surgical complications was not statistically different between the two groups (4.2% in the 2019 class and 4.9% in the 2020 class; p=0.314). Both groups also did not differ in their mean scores on the simulator’s cataract challenges (p<0.696). Conclusion: Despite the reduction of 50.2% in the total number of cataract surgeries performed by senior residents of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of surgical complications did not increase. This suggests that surgical simulator training during residency mitigated the negative effects of the reduced surgical volume during the pandemic. Purpose 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 Methods retrospective study (201 prepandemic 202 (202 COVID-1 compared evaluated Results 127 256 respectively 502 50 2 50.2 4.2% 42 4 (4.2 49 9 4.9 p=0.314. p0314 p p=0.314 . 0 314 p=0.314) simulators s p<0.696. p0696 p<0.696 696 (p<0.696) Conclusion increase 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (20 COVID- 12 25 5 50. 4.2 (4. 4. p031 p=0.31 31 p069 p<0.69 69 (p<0.696 (COVID- (2 (4 p03 p=0.3 3 p06 p<0.6 6 (p<0.69 (COVID ( p0 p=0. p<0. (p<0.6 p=0 p<0 (p<0. p= p< (p<0 (p< (p

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.2023-0038

Electrocardiographic Findings Among Asymptomatic Adults With Haemophilia
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Camelo, Ricardo Mesquita

; Caram-Deelder, Camila

; Roncal, Carlos Guilherme Piscoya

; Duarte, Bruna Pontes

; Moura, Marilia Carolina Braga de

; Costa, Neuza Cavalcanti de Moraes

; Costa, Iris Maciel

; Vanderlei, Ana Maria

; Guimaraes, Tania Maria Rocha

; Gouw, Samantha

; Rezende, Suely Meireles

; Bom, Johanna van der

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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2024, Volume 37 elocation e20220179

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: People with haemophilia (PwH) are living longer. Therefore, they can develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations may be a sign of initial ASCVD before the occurrence of symptoms. Objective: To describe the prevalence of resting ECG alterations among PwH adults asymptomatic for ASCVD. Methods: PwH aged ≥ 30 years without previous ASCVD events were considered for the analysis. Resting ECG traces were analysed according to international reference values and the Brazilian Longitudinal Adult Health Study (ELSA-Brasil) results for asymptomatic Brazilian men. Based on the established normal values and using the QT index, we further described the altered ECGs as minor or major changes, according to the Minnesota Code. Differences between prevalences were evaluated by Pearson's χ2 test. Differences between medians were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test. A p-value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: A total of 64 PwH were included in the study. Median age was 44 years (interquartile range 35-52). Most patients had haemophilia A (81%) and 47% were severe. The prevalence of obesity, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidaemia were 16%, 56%, 14%, and 72%, respectively. All the PwH had sinus rhythm, except for one, who had an implanted pacemaker due to idiopathic third-degree atrioventricular block. Altered ECGs were found in 25% and 30% of PwH, according to established criteria and ELSA-Brasil criteria, respectively. Major changes were found in eight (13%) PwH according to the Minnesota Code, including two ECGs with ischaemia-like wall inactivity. Conclusions: The prevalence of altered ECG varied from 25% to 30% among asymptomatic PwH. Background (PwH longer Therefore . (ASCVD) (ECG symptoms Objective Methods 3 analysis ELSABrasil ELSA Brasil (ELSA-Brasil men index Code Pearsons Pearson s χ test MannWhitney Mann Whitney pvalue p value 005 0 05 0.0 significant Results 6 study 4 interquartile 3552. 3552 35 52 35-52) 81% 81 (81% 47 severe obesity SAH, SAH , (SAH) DM, DM (DM) 16 16% 56 56% 14 14% 72 72% respectively rhythm one thirddegree third degree block 25 13% 13 (13% ischaemialike ischaemia like inactivity Conclusions (ASCVD 00 0. 355 5 35-52 8 (81 (SAH (DM 1 7 2 (13 35-5 (8 (1 35- (

https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20220179

10.

Principais motivos de descarte de córneas para transplante na Paraíba: por que o anti-HBc merece atenção?* Paraíba antiHBc anti HBc atenção* atenção * atenção?
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Alves, Esther Rocha de Queiroz

; Carvalho, Lara Fernandes de

; Diniz, Camila Melo Gadelha Pereira

Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia

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2024, Volume 83 elocation e0003

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos doadores de tecidos oculares humanos na área de atuação do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba, destacando o impacto da sorologia positiva para hepatite B no descarte dos tecidos para transplante. Métodos: O estudo é transversal e utilizou dados do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2022. Dados sobre procedência, idade, sexo, causa do óbito, tempo entre óbito e enucleação, resultados sorológicos e motivo de descarte das córneas dos doadores foram coletados. Resultados: O maior motivo de descarte foi por sorologia positiva (56,5%), sendo positivadas as sorologias positivas para hepatite B e HBsAg em 11,1% e 4,75% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Conclusão: A sorologia positiva para hepatite B como um critério de descarte absoluto é responsável por grande parcela de descartes, apesar da pouca informação sobre suas repercussões e representação de infectividade nos receptores do transplante. Objetivo transplante Métodos 201 2022 procedência idade sexo enucleação coletados Resultados 56,5%, 565 56,5% , 56 5 (56,5%) 111 11 1 11,1 475 4 75 4,75 pacientes respectivamente Conclusão descartes 20 202 56,5 (56,5% 11, 47 7 4,7 2 56, (56,5 4, (56, (56 (5 (

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the profile of human ocular tissue donors in the area covered by the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB), highlighting the impact of positive serology for hepatitis B (anti-HBc) in the disposal of tissues for transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional that uses data from the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB) between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on origin, age, sex, cause of death, time between death and enucleation, serological results, and reason for discarded donor corneas were collected. Results: The main reason for discarding was due to positive serology (56.5%), with positive anti-HBc and HBsAg serology in 11.1% and 4.75% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-HBc positive serology as an absolute disposal criterion is responsible for great part of disposals, despite little information about its repercussions and representation of infectivity in transplant recipients. Objective PB, PB , antiHBc anti HBc (anti-HBc transplantation Methods crosssectional cross sectional (PB 201 2022 origin age sex enucleation results collected Results 56.5%, 565 56.5% 56 5 (56.5%) 111 11 1 11.1 475 4 75 4.75 patients respectively Conclusion AntiHBc Anti disposals recipients 20 202 56.5 (56.5% 11. 47 7 4.7 2 56. (56.5 4. (56. (56 (5 (

https://doi.org/10.37039/1982.8551.20240003

11.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale for caregivers of people living with dementia in Brazilian context: a methodological study context
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost

; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins

; Campos, Camila Rafael Ferreira

; Monteiro, Diana Quirino

; Barham, Elizabeth Joan

; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza

; Martins, Gabriela

; Barbosa, Gustavo Carrijo

; Cruz, Keila Cristianne Trindade da

; Corrêa, Larissa

; Rocha, Luana Aparecida da

; Alves, Ludmyla Caroline de Souza

; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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2024, Volume 142 N. 2 elocation e2023325

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) scale is used to assess psychosocial benefits provided to caregivers by the task of caring. The PAC scale consists of nine items, assessed using a five-point Likert scale, with higher values indicating greater positive perceptions and gains from the caregiving experience. OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the PAC scale for informal Brazilian caregivers of people with dementia. DESIGN AND SETTING: A methodological study was conducted at the Federal University of São Carlos. METHODS: The following stages were carried out: Translation; Synthesis of the translations; Back-translation; Evaluation by an experts’ committee; and Pre-test. RESULTS: Two independent professionals translated the PAC scale. The consensus version was obtained by merging both translations, which were back-translated into English by a third translator. The expert committee comprised three specialists in the area and project researchers. All scale items presented a Content Validity Index of 1 (CVI = 1.0), and thus remained in the pre-final version of the instrument. The instrument was pre-tested with seven caregivers of people with dementia, the majority of whom were women (57.1%), with a degree of kinship corresponding to sons/daughters (57.1%) and an average age of 55.2 (± 4.1) years. The caregivers considered it clear and understandable and made no suggestions for changes. CONCLUSION: The PAC scale was translated and culturally adapted for use by informal caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil. However, a psychometric analysis of the instrument is necessary to provide normative data for this population group. BACKGROUND (PAC caring fivepoint five point experience OBJECTIVE SETTING Carlos METHODS out Translation translations Backtranslation Back translation Back-translation experts Pretest. Pretest Pre test. test Pre-test RESULTS backtranslated back translator researchers CVI 1.0, 10 1.0 , 0 1.0) prefinal pre final pretested tested 57.1%, 571 57.1% 57 sonsdaughters sons daughters (57.1% 552 55 2 55. ± ( 4.1 41 4 years changes CONCLUSION Brazil However group 1. 57.1 5 (57.1 4. 57. (57. (57 (5

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2023.0325.r1.23012024

12.

Sense of mastery in caregivers of people living with dementia: translation and cultural adaptation of the Pearlin Mastery Scale dementia
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Barbosa, Gustavo Carrijo

; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina

; Monteiro, Diana Quirino

; Campos, Camila Rafael Ferreira

; Cruz, Keila Cristianne Trindade da

; Alves, Ludmyla Caroline de Souza

; Corrêa, Larissa

; Rocha, Luana Aparecida

; Martins, Gabriela

; Melo, Beatriz Rodrigues de Souza

; Barham, Elizabeth Joan

; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost

; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza

; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins

Dementia & Neuropsychologia

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2024, Volume 18 elocation e20230086

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O senso de domínio é conceituado como um aspecto positivo do cuidado voltado às pessoas que vivem com demência, um mecanismo de enfrentamento para reduzir a sobrecarga e que pode representar um fator protetor para a saúde mental e física do cuidador. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente a Pearlin Mastery Scale para o Brasil. Métodos: Estudo metodológico conduzido na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, em que foram seguidas as etapas de tradução inicial; síntese; retrotradução; revisão pelo comitê de juízes pela análise do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC); e teste da versão pré-final. Resultados: Dois especialistas traduziram a escala para o português brasileiro e definiram uma versão consensual com os pesquisadores. Posteriormente, outros dois especialistas retrotraduziram a versão consensual, que foi revisada por três juízes doutores na área, considerando todos os itens da escala como muito equivalentes (IVC=1,0), mantendo-os na versão pré-final do instrumento. Esta foi testada em um primeiro grupo de cuidadores, a fim de se apontarem adequações. As sugestões foram acatadas mediante a modificação de três itens e, depois, a escala foi testada em um segundo grupo, o qual não apresentou dificuldades em responder ao instrumento. Conclusão: A Pearlin Mastery Scale foi traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o Brasil, demonstrando equivalência. Entretanto, análises psicométricas futuras do instrumento são necessárias para disponibilizá-lo para uso entre essa população. demência cuidador Objetivo Brasil Métodos Carlos inicial síntese retrotradução IVC (IVC) préfinal. préfinal pré final. final Resultados pesquisadores Posteriormente área IVC=1,0, IVC10 IVC=1,0 , 1 0 (IVC=1,0) mantendoos mantendo cuidadores adequações depois Conclusão equivalência Entretanto disponibilizálo disponibilizá lo população (IVC IVC1 IVC=1, (IVC=1,0 IVC=1 (IVC=1, IVC= (IVC=1 (IVC=

ABSTRACT The sense of mastery is conceptualized as a positive aspect of care targeted at people living with dementia, a coping mechanism to reduce burden, and may represent a protective factor for caregivers’ mental and physical health. Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Pearlin Mastery Scale for Brazil. Methods: A methodological study was conducted at the Federal University of São Carlos in which the initial translation stages were followed; synthesis; back-translation; review by the committee of judges by analyzing the Content Validity Index (CVI); and test of the pre-final version. Results: Two specialists translated the scale into Brazilian Portuguese and defined a consensus version with the researchers. Subsequently, another two specialists back-translated the consensus version, which was reviewed by three judges who are PhDs in the area, considering all scale items as very equivalent (CVI=1.0), and maintaining them in the pre-final version of the instrument. This was tested in a first group of caregivers for them to point out adjustments. The suggestions were accepted by modifying three items and, afterward, the scale was tested in a second group, which did not present difficulties answering the instrument. Conclusion: The Pearlin Mastery Scale was translated and culturally adapted for Brazil, showing equivalence. However, future psychometric analyses of the instrument are required to make it available for use in this population. dementia burden health Objective Brazil Methods followed synthesis backtranslation back back-translation CVI (CVI) prefinal pre final Results researchers Subsequently backtranslated area CVI=1.0, CVI10 CVI=1.0 , 1 0 (CVI=1.0) adjustments afterward Conclusion equivalence However population (CVI CVI1 CVI=1. (CVI=1.0 CVI=1 (CVI=1. CVI= (CVI=1 (CVI=

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0086

13.

The role of chaperone-mediated autophagy in drug resistance chaperonemediated chaperone mediated
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Teixeira, Ana Beatriz da Silva

; Ramalho, Maria Carolina Clares

; Souza, Izadora de

; Andrade, Izabela Amélia Marques de

; Osawa, Isabeli Yumi Araújo

; Guedes, Camila Banca

; Oliveira, Beatriz Silva de

; Souza Filho, Cláudio Henrique Dahne de

; Silva, Tainá Lins da

; Moreno, Natália Cestari

; Latancia, Marcela Teatin

; Rocha, Clarissa Ribeiro Reily

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2024, Volume 47 Suppl. 1 elocation e20230317

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In the search for alternatives to overcome the challenge imposed by drug resistance development in cancer treatment, the modulation of autophagy has emerged as a promising alternative that has achieved good results in clinical trials. Nevertheless, most of these studies have overlooked a novel and selective type of autophagy: chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Following its discovery, research into CMA’s contribution to tumor progression has accelerated rapidly. Therefore, we now understand that stress conditions are the primary signal responsible for modulating CMA in cancer cells. In turn, the degradation of proteins by CMA can offer important advantages for tumorigenesis, since tumor suppressor proteins are CMA targets. Such mutual interaction between the tumor microenvironment and CMA also plays a crucial part in establishing therapy resistance, making this discussion the focus of the present review. Thus, we highlight how suppression of LAMP2A can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to several drugs, just as downregulation of CMA activity can lead to resistance in certain cases. Given this panorama, it is important to identify selective modulators of CMA to enhance the therapeutic response. treatment trials Nevertheless chaperonemediated chaperone mediated CMA. . (CMA) discovery CMAs s rapidly Therefore turn tumorigenesis targets review Thus LAMPA LAMP A drugs cases panorama response (CMA

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0317

14.

The high biodiversity of benthic organisms in a coastal ecosystem revealed by an integrative approach
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Amaral, A. Cecília Z.

; Cunha, Beatriz P.

; Checon, Helio H.

; Godoy, Angélica S. de

; Silva, Camila F. da

; Corte, Guilherme N.

; Nogueira, João M. de M.

; Fukuda, Marcelo V.

; Steiner, Tatiana M.

; Kawauchi, Gisele Y.

; Turra, Alexander

; Denadai, Márcia R.

; Ferreira, Luciane

; Mendonça, Joel B. de

; Tavares, Marcos

; Leite, Fosca P. P.

; Costa, Mariana F. B.

; Siqueira, Silvana G. L.

; Vieira, Leandro M.

; Dias, Gustavo M.

; Teixeira, Joyce A.

; Rocha, Rosana M.

; Gusmão, Luciana C.

; Borges, Michela

; Alitto, Renata

; Machado, Fabrizio M.

; Passos, Flávio D.

; Cunha, Carlo M.

; Simone, Luiz R.L.

; Araujo, Ana Paula G.

; Carbayo, Fernando

; Bahia, Juliana

; Bulnes, Verónica N.

; Castello-Branco, Cristiana

; Hajdu, Eduardo

; Vilas-Boas, Ana Carolina

; Garraffoni, André R. S.

; Schockaert, Ernest

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Domenico, Maikon Di

; Curini-Galletti, Marco

; Sørensen, Martin V.

; Hochberg, Rick

; Oliveira, Ana Julia F. C. de

; Zampieri, Bruna Del B.

; Chinelatto, Roberta M.

; Migotto, Alvaro E.

Biota Neotropica

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2024, Volume 24 N. 2 elocation e20231583

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O aumento da modificação dos habitats e da perda de espécies demanda esforços consistentes para descrever e compreender os padrões de biodiversidade. O programa BIOTA/FAPESP foi criado nesse contexto e é uma iniciativa de sucesso para promover estudos em biodiversidade e conservação no Brasil. O BIOTA/Araçá é um projeto interdisciplinar que promoveu uma avaliação detalhada da biodiversidade da Baía do Araçá, um ecossistema costeiro localizado ao Norte do estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. A baía engloba múltiplos habitats, tais como praias, manguezais, costões rochosos, e uma planície de maré, e também fornece importantes serviços ecossistêmicos. Infelizmente, a baía está sujeita à conflitos sócio-ambientais complexos que contrastam demandas econômicas, sociais e ambientais (i.e. a expansão das atividades do porto vizinho vs. a pesca artesanal de pequena escala e a proteção da biodiversidade). O presente estudo apresenta um levantamento das espécies bentônicas que ocorrem nos diferentes habitats da Baía do Araçá, incluindo dados obtidos durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá e de investigações realizadas anteriormente na área. As espécies bentônicas desempenham um papel importante no ambiente marinho, e estudar a diversidade desses organismos que vivem associados ao fundo é indispensável para compreender o funcionamento do meio ambiente. A macrofauna, meiofauna, e microorganismos associados aos fundos consolidado e inconsolidado foram listados, e informações adicionais foram fornecidas para cada espécie, tais como a distribuição geográfica e nos habitats. O checklist inclui 826 espécies, quase 70% registradas durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá. Os taxa mais especiosos foram os anelídeos (225 spp.), moluscos (194 spp.), e crustáceos (177 spp.). Entre as espécies bentônicas listadas, sete são endêmicas da Baía do Araçá, 14 são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, e sete são exploradas economicamente. A baía é a localidade tipo de vários taxa, e 11 novas espécies bentônicas foram descritas com base em espécimes amostrados durante o projeto. Este projeto mostra a importância da Baía do Araçá como um ambiente de riqueza biológica única e demonstra a necessidade de esforços para a sua conservação considerando as atuais ameaças. BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brasil BIOTAAraçá Paulo praias manguezais rochosos maré ecossistêmicos Infelizmente sócioambientais sócio econômicas i.e. ie i (i.e vs . biodiversidade) área marinho macrofauna meiofauna listados espécie 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. listadas 1 extinção economicamente ameaças i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 2 (

Abstract Increasing habitat modification and species loss demand consistent efforts to describe and understand biodiversity patterns. The BIOTA/FAPESP Program was created in this context and it has been a successful initiative to promote studies on biodiversity and conservation in Brazil. The BIOTA/Araçá is an interdisciplinary project that provided a detailed evaluation of the biodiversity of Araçá Bay, a coastal seascape located on the North coast of the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The bay encompasses multiple habitats, such as beaches, mangroves, rocky shores, and a tidal flat, and provides important ecosystem services. Unfortunately, the bay is the subject of complex social-environmental conflicts that oppose economic, social, and environmental demands (i.e., the expansion of neighboring harbor activities vs. small-scale artisanal fisheries and protection of biodiversity). The present study presents a survey of the benthic species occurring in the different habitats of Araçá Bay, including data obtained during the BIOTA/Araçá project and previous assessments of the area. The benthic species play an important role in marine environments and studying the diversity of these organisms that live associated with the bottom is indispensable for comprehending the environment’s functioning. The macrofauna, meiofauna, and microorganisms associated with soft and hard bottom were listed, and additional information, such as the habitat and geographical distribution, were provided for each species. The checklist includes 826 species, almost 70% recorded during the BIOTA/Araçá project. The most speciose taxa were the annelids (225 spp.), mollusks (194 spp.), and crustaceans (177 spp.). Seven benthic species are endemic to Araçá Bay, 14 are considered threatened, and seven are economically exploited. Furthermore, the bay is the type locality of many taxa, and 11 new benthic species were described based on specimens sampled during the project. This project shows the importance of Araçá Bay as a unique biologically rich environment and highlights the need for conservation efforts in light of the current threats. patterns BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brazil BIOTAAraçá Paulo beaches mangroves shores flat services Unfortunately socialenvironmental social economic i.e., ie i e (i.e. vs smallscale small scale biodiversity. . biodiversity) area s functioning macrofauna meiofauna listed information distribution 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. 1 threatened exploited Furthermore threats i.e. (i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 i.e 2 (

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1583

15.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had routine surgical simulator training during residency COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 COVID1 1 COVID-
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Magalhães, Maria Clara O.

; Sarmento, Mariana M. G.

; Sant’Anna, Guilherme H.

; Soares, Ana Karine A.

; Ventura, Camila V.

; Rocha, Camilla S.

; Ventura, Bruna V.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia

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2024, Volume 87 N. 3 elocation e2023-0038

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had mandatory surgical simulator training during residency. Methods: In this retrospective, observational analytical study, the total number of cataract surgeries and surgical complications by all senior residents of 2019 (2019 class; prepandemic) and 2020 (2020 class; affected by the reduced number of elective surgeries due to the COVID-19 pandemic) were collected and compared. All residents had routine mandatory cataract surgery training on a virtual surgical simulator during residency. The total score obtained by these residents on cataract challenges of the surgical simulator was also evaluated. Results: The 2020 and 2019 classes performed 1275 and 2561 cataract surgeries, respectively. This revealed a reduction of 50.2% in the total number of procedures performed by the 2020 class because of the pandemic. The incidence of surgical complications was not statistically different between the two groups (4.2% in the 2019 class and 4.9% in the 2020 class; p=0.314). Both groups also did not differ in their mean scores on the simulator’s cataract challenges (p<0.696). Conclusion: Despite the reduction of 50.2% in the total number of cataract surgeries performed by senior residents of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of surgical complications did not increase. This suggests that surgical simulator training during residency mitigated the negative effects of the reduced surgical volume during the pandemic. Purpose 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 Methods retrospective study (201 prepandemic 202 (202 COVID-1 compared evaluated Results 127 256 respectively 502 50 2 50.2 4.2% 42 4 (4.2 49 9 4.9 p=0.314. p0314 p p=0.314 . 0 314 p=0.314) simulators s p<0.696. p0696 p<0.696 696 (p<0.696) Conclusion increase 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (20 COVID- 12 25 5 50. 4.2 (4. 4. p031 p=0.31 31 p069 p<0.69 69 (p<0.696 (COVID- (2 (4 p03 p=0.3 3 p06 p<0.6 6 (p<0.69 (COVID ( p0 p=0. p<0. (p<0.6 p=0 p<0 (p<0. p= p< (p<0 (p< (p

https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.2023-0038

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