ABSTRACT Proper waste management is a major worldwide concern; waste is disposed of directly into the environment, affecting water, soil and air quality. The development and production of green energy sources is strongly encouraged in modern society. The aim of this study, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2 and 7 of the 2030 Agenda of the UN, is to combine the correct disposal of animal waste with the generation of energy to mitigate the energy insecurity of families in an extremely vulnerable semi-arid region in the north-east of the country using biodigesters. To this end, a conceptual proposal was drawn up for a low-cost, easy-to-maintain and easy-to-use biodigester. A small-scale prototype was used to assess its operation by evaluating the main factors that affect biogas production (pH, temperature and the biomass properties: total solids, fixed solids, volatile solids, concentration of volatile fatty acids and C/N ratio). Evaluation of the test prototype gave satisfactory results that corroborate other studies and make it possible to propose an economically viable and efficient full-scale biodigester for biogas production. concern environment water quality society study SDGs (SDGs 1 203 UN semiarid semi arid northeast north east biodigesters end lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost easytomaintain easy maintain easytouse use smallscale small scale pH, pH (pH properties solids CN C N ratio. ratio . ratio) fullscale full 20

RESUMEN La literatura teórica indica que el gasto en seguridad pública es importante para disuadir el comportamiento delictivo. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios empíricos destinados a cuantificar la influencia del gasto en seguridad pública sobre la delincuencia no han podido establecer una relación estadísticamente significativa entre estas variables. En respuesta a esto, introdujimos un indicador novedoso que mide la asignación de los gastos de seguridad pública en cada región. Al probarlo para delitos de homicidio, robo y hurto de vehículos a través del estimador gmm-sys, encontramos evidencia estadística de que su ocurrencia influye en la conducta delictiva. Creemos que su inclusión aporta evidencia valiosa a la literatura económica, arrojando luz sobre el debate en torno a la eficiencia en la asignación de recursos del gasto en seguridad.

ABSTRACT Theoretical literature indicates that public security spending matters to deter criminal behavior. Nevertheless, most empirical studies aiming to quantify the influence of public security spending on crime have largely been unable to establish a statistically significant relationship between these variables. In response to this, we introduced a novel proxy that measures the rationing of public security expenditures in each region. When testing it for crimes of homicide, robbery, and theft of vehicles through the gmm-sys estimator, we found statistical evidence that its occurrence influences criminal behavior. We believe its inception contributes valuable evidence to the economic literature, shedding light on the debate surrounding the allocative efficiency of security spending resources.

In this study, we hypothesized that microtextured titanium (Ti) surfaces produced by laser metal fusion (LMF) 3D printing may play an important role in osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For that, MSCs derived from mouse bone marrow were cultured on Ti discs produced in two different ways: microtextured produced by acid etched (Ti-Ac, control group) and microtextured produced by LMF 3D printing (Ti-3D-LMF, test group), in which it was evaluated: (1) cell proliferation, (2) alkaline phosphatase activity and (3) extracellular matrix mineralization. The results showed that both groups allowed cell proliferation over time (p<0.001). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in the assessments of alkaline phosphatase activity (p=0.385) and extracellular matrix mineralization (p=0.234). Although both groups evaluated induce cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation similarly, the technology used in the Ti-3D-LMF group may prove advantageous as it produces specific dental implants for patients through customization. study (Ti (LMF D MSCs. . (MSCs) ways TiAc, TiAc Ac, Ac (Ti-Ac Ti3DLMF, Ti3DLMF TiDLMF LMF, (Ti-3D-LMF group, , 1 (1 2 (2 3 (3 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 (p<0.001) Additionally p=0.385 p0385 385 (p=0.385 p=0.234. p0234 p=0.234 234 (p=0.234) similarly customization (MSCs DLMF ( p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p=0.38 p038 38 (p=0.38 p023 p=0.23 23 (p=0.234 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p=0.3 p03 (p=0.3 p02 p=0.2 (p=0.23 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0. (p=0. (p=0.2 p<0 (p<0. p=0 (p=0 p< (p<0 p= (p= (p< (p

Duplex stainless steels are widely used due to their good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, they are susceptible to microstructural fragility related to harmful transformations taking place in intermetallic phases, such as the sigma phase. These transformations reduce mechanical properties like toughness and corrosion resistance. The current study aims to analyze the effect of different thermodynamic- and electrochemical-reactive phases based on using both linear sweep voltammetry tests as non-destructive tests, as well as the concept of microelectrodes. This technique is capable of detecting small amounts of intermetallic phases at the UNS-S31803 duplex stainless steel surface. Results have evidenced the influence of reduced electrode-solution exposure area on improving sensitivity for deleterious phase analyses. Peak potential and current peak recorded direct correlation to sigma phase concentration and it enabled detecting very low sigma-phase surface concentration, at the order of 0.04%. The study has shown improved sensitivity of linear sweep voltammetry tests used to detect harmful phases in duplex stainless steels. resistance However thermodynamic electrochemicalreactive electrochemical reactive nondestructive non destructive microelectrodes UNSS31803 UNSS UNS S31803 S UNS-S3180 electrodesolution electrode solution analyses sigmaphase 004 0 04 0.04% UNSS3180 S3180 UNS-S318 00 0.04 UNSS318 S318 UNS-S31 0.0 UNSS31 S31 UNS-S3 0. UNSS3 S3 UNS-S

Abstract Brazilian veredas are hygrophilous communities with high species diversity, featuring many floristic studies but a still incipient number of faunistic studies. In the present study, we conducted an inventory of insect galls in four different veredas located in the Northern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall, we found 75 gall morphotypes, distributed across 50 host species representing 37 plant genera and 22 families. Fabaceae was the plant family with the greatest number of insect gall morphotypes (n = 21), followed by Malpighiaceae (n = 10). The plant genera that supported the highest diversity of insect galls were Copaifera (n = 8) and Byrsomima (n = 5). The plant species Copaifera oblongifolia (n = 6) and Anacardium humile (n = 4) exhibited the highest richness of insect galls. The leaves were the most attacked organs (89% of all galls). Most morphotypes are glabrous (83%), green (69%) and lenticular (60%). The taxa of gall-inducing insects were identified for 46 morphotypes (80%), and were recorded inducers from the orders Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) was the most representative galling group, with 42 morphotypes, making up 93.3% of the recorded inducers. Among the sampled veredas areas, the Vereda do Peruaçu presented the highest richness of insect gall morphotypes and host plant species. The faunistic similarity was higher in the Pedras and Tiririca veredas, followed by Almescla and Peruaçu veredas. This is the first systematic inventory of insect galls and their host plant in Brazilian veredas. The diversity of insect galls in the studied veredas is relatively high when compared to other Brazilian Cerrado vegetation types. study Gerais Brazil Overall 7 5 3 2 families n 21, 21 , 21) 10. 10 . 10) 8 5. 5) 6 4 89% 89 (89 galls) 83%, 83 83% (83%) 69% 69 (69% 60%. 60 60% (60%) gallinducing inducing 80%, 80 80% (80%) Diptera Lepidoptera Hymenoptera (Diptera group 933 93 93.3 areas types 1 (8 (83% (69 (60% (80% 9 93. ( (83 (6 (60 (80

Resumo Fundamento Apesar da ausência de evidência mostrando benefícios da hidroxicloroquina e da cloroquina combinadas ou não à azitromicina no tratamento da covid-19, esses medicamentos têm sido amplamente prescritos no Brasil. Objetivos Avaliar desfechos, incluindo moralidade hospitalar, alterações eletrocardiográficas, tempo de internação, admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva, e necessidade de diálise e de ventilação mecânica em pacientes hospitalizados com covid-19 que receberam cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina, e comparar os desfechos entre aqueles pacientes e seus controles pareados. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico retrospectivo do tipo coorte que incluiu pacientes com diagnóstico laboratorial de covid-19 de 37 hospitais no Brasil de março a setembro de 2020. Escore de propensão foi usado para selecionar controles pareados quanto a idade, sexo, comorbidades cardiovasculares, e uso de corticosteroides durante a internação. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Dos 7850 pacientes com covid-19, 673 (8,6%) receberam hidroxicloroquina e 67 (0,9%) cloroquina. A idade mediana no grupo de estudo foi 60 (46-71) anos e 59,1% eram mulheres. Durante a internação, 3,2% dos pacientes apresentaram efeitos adversos e 2,2% necessitaram de interromper o tratamento. Alterações eletrocardiográficas foram mais prevalentes no grupo hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina (13,2% vs. 8,2%, p=0,01), e o prolongamento do intervalo QT corrigido foi a principal diferença (3,6% vs. 0,4%, p<0,001). O tempo mediano de internação hospitalar foi maior no grupo usando CQ/HCQ em relação aos controles (9,0 [5,0-18,0] vs. 8,0 [4,0-14,0] dias). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto a admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva (35,1% vs. 32,0%; p=0,282), ventilação mecânica invasiva (27,0% vs. 22,3%; p=0,074) ou mortalidade (18,9% vs. 18,0%; p=0,682). Conclusão Pacientes com covid-19 tratados com cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina apresentaram maior tempo de internação hospitalar, em comparação aos controles. Não houve diferença em relação a admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva, necessidade de ventilação mecânica e mortalidade hospitalar. covid19, covid19 covid 19, 19 covid-1 3 2020 sexo cardiovasculares p005 p 0 05 p<0,0 significativo 785 8,6% 86 8 6 (8,6% 0,9% 09 9 (0,9% 4671 46 71 (46-71 591 59 1 59,1 mulheres 32 2 3,2 22 2,2 hidroxicloroquinacloroquina 13,2% 132 13 (13,2 vs 82 8,2% p=0,01, p001 p=0,01 , 01 p=0,01) 3,6% 36 (3,6 04 4 0,4% p<0,001. p0001 p<0,001 . 001 p<0,001) CQHCQ CQ HCQ 9,0 90 (9, 5,018,0 50180 5,0 18,0 5 18 [5,0-18,0 80 8, 4,014,0 40140 4,0 14,0 14 [4,0-14,0 dias. dias dias) 35,1% 351 35 (35,1 32,0% 320 p=0,282, p0282 p=0,282 282 p=0,282) 27,0% 270 27 (27,0 22,3% 223 p=0,074 p0074 074 18,9% 189 (18,9 18,0% 180 p=0,682. p0682 p=0,682 682 p=0,682) covid1 covid- 202 p00 p<0, 78 8,6 (8,6 0,9 (0,9 467 7 (46-7 59, 3, 2, 13,2 (13, 8,2 p=0,0 3,6 (3, 0,4 p000 p<0,00 00 9, (9 018 5,018, 5018 50 5, 18, [5,0-18, 014 4,014, 4014 40 4, 140 14, [4,0-14, 35,1 (35, 32,0 p028 p=0,28 28 27,0 (27, 22,3 p=0,07 p007 07 18,9 (18, p068 p=0,68 68 20 p0 p<0 (8, 0, (0, (46- 13, (13 p=0, (3 ( 5,018 501 [5,0-18 4,014 401 [4,0-14 35, (35 32, p02 p=0,2 27, (27 22, (18 p06 p=0,6 p< (8 (0 (46 (1 p=0 5,01 [5,0-1 4,01 [4,0-1 (2 (4 p= [5,0- [4,0- [5,0 [4,0 [5, [4, [5 [4 [

Abstract Background Despite no evidence showing benefits of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine with or without azithromycin for COVID-19 treatment, these medications have been largely prescribed in Brazil. Objectives To assess outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, electrocardiographic abnormalities, hospital length-of-stay, admission to the intensive care unit, and need for dialysis and mechanical ventilation, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, and to compare outcomes between those patients and their matched controls. Methods A retrospective multicenter cohort study that included consecutive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from 37 Brazilian hospitals from March to September 2020. Propensity score was used to select matching controls by age, sex, cardiovascular comorbidities, and in-hospital use of corticosteroid. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From 7,850 COVID-19 patients, 673 (8.6%) received hydroxychloroquine and 67 (0.9%) chloroquine. The median age in the study group was 60 years (46 - 71) and 59.1% were women. During hospitalization, 3.2% of patients presented side effects and 2.2% required therapy discontinuation. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were more prevalent in the chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine group (13.2% vs. 8.2%, p=0.01), and the long corrected QT interval was the main difference (3.6% vs. 0.4%, p<0.001). The median hospital length of stay was longer in the HCQ/CQ + AZT group than in controls (9.0 [5.0, 18.0] vs. 8.0 [4.0, 14.0] days). There was no statistical differences between groups in intensive care unit admission (35.1% vs. 32.0%; p=0.282), invasive mechanical ventilation support (27.0% vs. 22.3%; p=0.074) or mortality (18.9% vs. 18.0%; p=0.682). Conclusion COVID-19 patients treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine had a longer hospital length of stay, when compared to matched controls. Intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, dialysis and in-hospital mortality were similar. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 treatment Brazil inhospital lengthofstay, lengthofstay length-of-stay laboratoryconfirmed laboratory confirmed 3 2020 sex comorbidities corticosteroid pvalue p value 005 0 05 <0.0 significant 7850 7 850 7,85 8.6% 86 8 6 (8.6% 0.9% 09 9 (0.9% 46 (4 71 591 59 1 59.1 women hospitalization 32 2 3.2 22 2.2 discontinuation chloroquinehydroxychloroquine 13.2% 132 13 (13.2 vs 82 8.2% p=0.01, p001 p=0.01 , 01 p=0.01) 3.6% 36 (3.6 04 4 0.4% p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 . 001 p<0.001) HCQCQ HCQ CQ 9.0 90 (9. 5.0, 50 5 [5.0 18.0 180 18 80 8. 4.0, 40 [4.0 14.0 140 14 days. days days) 35.1% 351 35 (35.1 32.0% 320 p=0.282, p0282 p=0.282 282 p=0.282) 27.0% 270 27 (27.0 22.3% 223 p=0.074 p0074 074 18.9% 189 (18.9 18.0% p=0.682. p0682 p=0.682 682 p=0.682) similar COVID1 COVID- 202 00 <0. 785 85 7,8 8.6 (8.6 0.9 (0.9 ( 59. 3. 2. 13.2 (13. 8.2 p00 p=0.0 3.6 (3. 0.4 p000 p<0.00 9. (9 5.0 [5. 18. 4.0 [4. 14. 35.1 (35. 32.0 p028 p=0.28 28 27.0 (27. 22.3 p=0.07 p007 07 18.9 (18. p068 p=0.68 68 20 <0 78 7, (8. 0. (0. 13. (13 p0 p=0. (3 p<0.0 5. [5 4. [4 35. (35 32. p02 p=0.2 27. (27 22. (18 p06 p=0.6 < (8 (0 (1 p=0 p<0. [ (2 p= p<0 p<

Abstract Objective To choose a critical animal model for assessments of bone repair with implant installation by comparing senile rats (SENIL) to young ovariectomized rats (OXV). Methodology For the ex-in vivo study, the femurs were precursors for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cellular responses were performed, including cell viability, gene expression of osteoblastic markers, bone sialoprotein immunolocalization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized matrix formation. For the in vivo study, the animals received implants in the region of the bilateral tibial metaphysis for histometric, microtomography, reverse torque, and confocal microscopy. Results Cell viability showed that the SENIL group had lower growth than OVX. Gene expression showed more critical responses for the SENIL group (p<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity obtained a lower expression in the SENIL group, as for the mineralization nodules (p<0.05). The in vivo histological parameters and biomechanical analysis showed lower data for the SENIL group. The confocal microscopy indicated the presence of a fragile bone in the SENIL group. The microtomography was similar between the groups. The histometry of the SENIL group showed the lowest values (p<0.05). Conclusion In experimental studies with assessments of bone repair using implant installation, the senile model promotes the most critical bone condition, allowing a better investigation of the properties of biomaterials and topographic changes. (SENIL OXV. OXV . (OXV) exin ex study cells performed markers immunolocalization formation histometric torque OVX p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) groups condition changes (OXV p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Fundamento A hipertrofia e a dilatação do ventrículo direito observadas na hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) prejudicam a dinâmica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) achatando o septo interventricular. Objetivo Investigar se o treinamento físico resistido (TFR) de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis do VE e de cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por monocrotalina (MCT). Métodos Foram usados ratos Wistar machos (Peso corporal: ~ 200 g). Para avaliar o tempo até o possível surgimento de insuficiência cardíaca (ou seja, ponto de desfecho), os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos, hipertensão com sedentarismo até a insuficiência (HSI, n=6) e hipertensão com treinamento até a insuficiência (HTI, n=6). Para testar os efeitos do TFR, os ratos foram divididos entre grupos de controle sedentários (CS, n=7), hipertensão com sedentarismo (HS, n=7) e hipertensão com treinamento (HT, n=7). A HAP foi induzida por duas injeções de MCT (20 mg/kg, com um intervalo de 7 dias). Os grupos com treinamento foram submetidos a um protocolo de TFR (subir escadas; 55-65% da máxima carga carregada), 5 dias por semana. A significância estatística foi definida em p <0,05. Resultados O TFR prolongou o ponto de desfecho (~25%), melhorou a tolerância ao esforço físico (~55%) e atenuou as disfunções de contratilidade de VE e de cardiomiócitos promovidas pela MCT preservando a fração de ejeção e o encurtamento fracional, a amplitude do encurtamento, e as velocidades de contração e relaxamento nos cardiomiócitos. O TFR também preveniu os aumentos de fibrose e colágeno tipo I no ventrículo esquerdo causados pela MCT, além de manter as dimensões de miócitos e colágeno tipo III reduzidas por MCT. Conclusão O TFR de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis de VE e cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por MCT.

Abstract Background The right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation observed in pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) damages the left ventricle (LV) dynamics by flattening the interventricular septum. Objective To investigate whether low- to moderate-intensity resistance exercise training (RT) is beneficial to LV and cardiomyocyte contractile functions in rats during the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Methods Male Wistar rats (Body weight: ~ 200 g) were used. To assess the time to potential heart failure onset (i.e., end point), rats were divided into sedentary hypertension until failure (SHF, n=6) and exercise hypertension until failure (EHF, n=6) groups. To test RT effects, rats were divided into sedentary control (SC, n = 7), sedentary hypertension (SH, n=7), and exercise hypertension (EH, n=7) groups. PAH was induced by two MCT injections (20 mg/kg, with 7 days interval). Exercise groups were submitted to an RT protocol (Ladder climbing; 55-65% of carrying maximal load), 5 times/week. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05. Results RT prolonged the end point (~25 %), enhanced the physical effort tolerance (~ 55%), and mitigated the LV and cardiomyocyte contractility dysfunctions promoted by MCT by preserving the ejection fraction and fractional shortening, the amplitude of shortening, and the velocities of contraction and relaxation in cardiomyocytes. RT also prevented increases in left ventricle fibrosis and type I collagen caused by MCT, and maintained the type III collagen and myocyte dimensions reduced by MCT. Conclusion Low- to moderate-intensity RT benefits LV and cardiomyocyte contractile functions in rats during the development of MCT-induced PAH.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Indivíduos após infecções virais permanecem com sintomas persistentes, como a dor e a fadiga. Exercícios físicos têm sido descritos como alternativa promissora para o controle desses sintomas, porém não há revisões sistemáticas que verifquem a eficácia dessa terapêutica e que avaliem a qualidade destes estudos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de exercícios físicos na dor ou fadiga associados a infecções virais. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática registrada na PROSPERO (CRD42021265174). A coleta de dados foi realizada entre julho de 2021 a janeiro de 2022. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que abordaram a prática de exercícios, em indivíduos com idade superior a 18 anos, com diagnóstico de infecção viral associada à presença de dor ou fadiga por mais de três meses. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, EMBASE, LILACS e Scielo e, a seleção por pares foi realizada no software (rayyan.ai); a análise de risco de viés foi avaliada através da ferramenta Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials 2; a certeza da evidência por meio da GRADE; e para a construção da meta-análise, o software Review Manager. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 11 ensaios clínicos nas populações com Vírus da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (HIV), Virus Linfotrópico da Célula T Humana (HTLV), Chikungunya e Poliomielite. Tanto para dor quanto para a fadiga, a conjunção de exercícios aeróbicos com treino resistido, com duração de 40 a 60 minutos, de duas a três vezes por semana, foram eficazes e seguros. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos demonstrou em seis estudos alto risco de viés, devido aos domínios: viés devido a desvios das intervenções pretendidas, viés devido à falta de dados de resultado e viés na seleção do resultado relatado; classificado como algumas preocupações em um estudo devido o domínio viés devido a desvios das intervenções pretendidas; e os demais foram avaliados como baixo risco de viés. Na meta-análise foi demonstrado resultado a favor do grupo intervenção sobre a intensidade da dor nos estudos para Chikungunya e em um estudo para HTLV, o que aponta para efeito positivo a favor dos grupos ativos. CONCLUSÃO: Os exercícios físicos no tratamento da fadiga apresentam evidências muito baixas, enquanto para o desfecho dor os exercícios resistidos apresentam moderada evidência. São recursos de baixo risco e custo, com efeitos promissores, que devem ser melhor testados em pessoas após infecções virais. DESTAQUES O treinamento aeróbico combinado com o treinamento de resistência mostra resultados promissores para reduzir a dor e a fadiga nesta população após a infecção viral. O Pilates é um método que reduz significativamente a intensidade da dor após infecções por HTLV-1 e Chikungunya. O exercício pode beneficiar pessoas com sintomas persistentes de dor e fadiga após infecções

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals after viral infections remain with persistent symptoms such as pain and fatigue. Physical exercises have been described as a promising alternative for the control of these symptoms, but there are no systematic reviews that verify the effectiveness of this therapy and that assess the quality of these studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical exercise on pain or fatigue associated with viral infections. METHODS: Systematic review registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021265174). Data collection was carried out between July 2021 and January 2022. Randomized clinical trials that addressed the practice of exercises, in individuals over 18 years of age, diagnosed with viral infection associated with the presence of pain or fatigue for more than 3 months were included. The search was carried out in the Pubmed, EMBASE, LILACS and Scielo databases, and the paired selection was carried out in the software (rayyan.ai); risk of bias analysis was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials 2; certainty of evidence through GRADE; and for the construction of the meta-analysis, the Review Manager software. RESULTS: Eleven clinical trials were selected in populations with acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), chikungunya and poliomyelitis. For both pain and fatigue, the combination of aerobic exercise with resistance training, lasting 40 to 60 minutes, two to three times a week, was effective and safe. The methodological quality of the studies showed a high risk of bias in six studies due to the following domains: bias due to deviations from the intended interventions, bias due to lack of outcome data and bias in the selection of the reported outcome; rated as some concerns in one study due to the domain bias due to deviations from intended interventions; and the others were assessed as low risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a result in favor of the intervention group on pain intensity in the studies for Chikungunya and in a study for HTLV, which points to a positive effect in favor of the active groups. CONCLUSION: Exercises for the treatment of fatigue have very low evidence, while resistance exercises have moderate evidence for pain outcome. These are low-risk, low-cost resources with promising effects that should be better tested in people after viral infections.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the level of transformational leadership of the teaching and management staff of public and private universities in the city of Lima. From the methodological point of view, it was defined as applied, with a non-experimental design and a descriptive level. The population was made up of directors and professors from a public and a private university in the city of Lima. The sample was selected through an intentional probabilistic sampling, where 4 directors of the public university and 2 of the private one was chosen, as for the professors, 42 professors of the public university and 34 of the private one was chosen, all of the career. of administration. The information was collected through two questionnaires, one addressed to managers with 52 questions and the other addressed to teachers with 32 questions; In both questionnaires, the questions had 5 response options according to a Likert-type scale. The results were analyzed from a descriptive point of view, both for the transformational leadership variable and for its dimensions, through the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies, to then establish the respective conclusions.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de liderazgo transformacional del personal docente y directivo de las universidades públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Lima. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se definió como aplicado, con un diseño no experimental y nivel descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por los directivos y profesores de una universidad pública y una privada de la ciudad de Lima. La muestra se seleccionó a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, donde se escogieron 4 directivos de la universidad pública y 2 de la privada, en cuanto a los profesores se escogieron 42 profesores de la universidad pública y 34 de la privada, todos de la carrera de administración. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de dos cuestionarios, uno dirigido a los directivos con 52 preguntas y el otro destinado a los profesores con 32 preguntas; en ambos cuestionarios las preguntas contaron con 5 opciones de respuestas de acuerdo a una escala tipo Likert. Los resultados se analizaron desde el punto de vista descriptivo, tanto para la variable liderazgo transformacional como para sus dimensiones, a través del cálculo de las frecuencias absolutas y relativas, para luego establecer las respectivas conclusiones.

Abstract Background: There are divergences in the literature regarding the experimental model (Wistar-WIS or Wistar Kyoto-WKY) to be used as a Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) control. The characterization of these models in terms of cardiovascular parameters provides researchers with important tools at the time of selection and application in scientific research. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of WIS and WKY as a Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) control by assessing the long-term behavior of blood pressure and cardiac structure and function in these strains. Methods: To this end, WIS, WKY, and SHR underwent longitudinal experiments. Blood pressure and body mass were measured every two weeks from the 8th to the 72nd. Echocardiographic analysis was performed in all groups with 16, 48, and 72 weeks of life. After having applied the normality test, the Two-Way ANOVA of repeated measures followed by the Tukey post hoc test was used. A significance level of 5% was established. Results: The WIS group showed higher body mass (p<0.05), while the WKY and SHR presented higher body mass variation over time (p<0.05). SHR exhibited increased values of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure when compared to WKY and WIS, whereas the WKY generally showed higher values than WIS (p<0.05). Regarding the cardiac function, SHR showed reduced values, while the WKY presented an early decrease when compared to WIS with aging (p<0.05). Conclusion: WIS is a more suitable normotensive control for SHR than WKY in experiments to test blood pressure and cardiac structure and function.

Resumo Este artigo examina decisões judiciais criminais do Poder Judiciário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) mediante a consideração de manifestações homofóbicas clássicas (fortemente repressivas da diversidade sexual) e modernizadas (caracterizadas por assimilacionismo das diferenças sexuais a padrões familistas tradicionais). Empregando o método da Análise Temática e por buscas realizadas por ferramenta informatizada no banco de dados de decisões judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (TJRS) e pesquisa física junto ao Arquivo Judicial Central de Porto Alegre, foram selecionados 112 processos, totalizando 100 decisões. Constataram-se a elevação quantitativa das decisões, a alteração terminológica na designação dos indivíduos homossexuais envolvidos. Cabe destacar que as manifestações de homofobia clássica apresentam redução na linha temporal, sem, contudo, desaparecer. Percebe-se também o crescimento de manifestações modernas de homofobia, também ampliadas ao longo do tempo, caracterizando a complexidade do campo jurídico.

Abstract This article examines criminal judicial decisions of the Judiciary of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), considering classic homophobic manifestations (strongly repressive of sexual diversity) and modernized ones (characterized by assimilation of sexual differences to traditional family patterns). Using the thematic analysis method and searches conducted by a computerized tool in the database of judicial decisions of the Court of Justice of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (TJRS) and physical research with the Central Judicial Archive of Porto Alegre, 112 cases were selected, totaling 100 decisions. It should be noted that the manifestations of classical homophobia show a reduction in the timeline, without, however, disappearing. We can also notice the growth of modern manifestations of homophobia, which have also increased over time, characterizing the complexity of the legal field.

RESUMO A retinopatia lúpica é uma manifestação clínica do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico no sistema visual. Geralmente assintomática, porém pode ser uma condição ameaçadora à visão. Está intimamente associada à atividade inflamatória do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e ao aumento da mortalidade. A retinopatia lúpica tem diversas apresentações clínicas, como a microangiopatia lúpica, oclusão vascular, vasculite, retinopatia hipertensiva associada à nefrite lúpica e retinopatia autoimune. A prevalência e os fatores associados à retinopatia lúpica estão bem definidos em algumas partes do mundo. No entanto, esses dados são pouco conhecidos na América Latina, incluindo o Brasil. Como a retinopatia lúpica é geralmente assintomática, sem a fundoscopia de rotina, provavelmente esta é subestimada. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir a epidemiologia e fatores de risco para retinopatia lúpica.

ABSTRACT Lupus retinopathy is a clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in the visual system. It is generally asymptomatic; however, it can become a threatening condition. It is closely associated with the inflammatory activity and higher mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus retinopathy has several different clinical presentations, such as lupus microangiopathy, vascular occlusion, vasculitis, hypertensive retinopathy associated with lupus nephritis, and autoimmune retinopathy. Although the prevalence and associated factors of lupus retinopathy have been well defined in some parts of the world, there are no data from Latin America, including Brazil. As lupus retinopathy is generally asymptomatic, without a routine fundoscopy, it has been probably underestimated. This review is intended to discuss the epidemiology and risk factors of lupus retinopathy.

This study aimed to assess the subjective knowledge (SK) of adolescents about the health effects of smoking and association with smoking status. A cross-sectional school survey was carried out in Goiás, Midwestern Brazil. Participants were 3034 students aged 13-19. SK was assessed by three questions about ‘How do you evaluate your knowledge on:’ (1) ‘Effects of smoking on the general health of people who smoke’, (2) ‘Effects of smoking on the oral health of people who smoke’, (3) ‘Effects of other people smoking on the health of people who do not smoke (passive smokers)’. Smoking status categories were never-smoker, former smoker, and smoker. Poisson regression was used in the statistical analysis. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. About half of the participants had low SK about general health effects of smoking, and most had low SK about oral health (62.9%) and second-hand effects (61.5%). Compared with smokers and former smokers, never-smokers were more likely to have low SK about general (1.52; 95%CI=1.25-1.85), oral (1.17; 95%CI=1.03-1.32) and second-hand effects (1.21; 95%CI=1.16-1.38) of smoking. Adolescents’ SK about the health effects of smoking tended to be low, especially among never smokers.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento subjetivo (CE) de los adolescentes sobre los efectos del tabaquismo en la salud y su asociación con el tabaquismo. Se realizó una encuesta escolar transversal en el estado de Goiás. Participaron 3.034 estudiantes de 13 a 19 años. El CS se evaluó mediante tres preguntas sobre '¿Cómo evalúa su conocimiento sobre:' (1) 'Efectos de los cigarrillos en la salud general de las personas que fuman', (2) 'Efectos de los cigarrillos en la salud bucal de las personas que fuman ', (3)' Efectos del humo del cigarrillo en la salud de las personas que no fuman (fumadores pasivos) '. Las categorías de tabaquismo fueron nunca fumadores, exfumadores y fumadores. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson en el análisis estadístico. Se informan las razones de prevalencia y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. Aproximadamente la mitad de los participantes tenían un CS bajo sobre los efectos del tabaquismo en la salud general, y la mayoría tenía un CS bajo sobre los efectos sobre la salud oral (62,9%) y los efectos del tabaquismo pasivo (61,5%). En comparación con los fumadores y exfumadores, los que nunca habían fumado tenían más probabilidades de tener un CS bajo en el efecto sobre la salud general (1,52; IC del 95% = 1,25-1,85), oral (1,17; IC del 95% = 1,03-1,32) y los efectos de humo de segunda mano (1,21; IC del 95% = 1,16-1,38). El CS de los adolescentes sobre los efectos del tabaquismo en la salud tiende a ser bajo, especialmente entre aquellos que nunca han fumado.

O estudo visou avaliar o conhecimento subjetivo (CS) de adolescentes sobre os efeitos do tabagismo na saúde e associação com status tabágico. Realizou-se um inquérito escolar transversal no estado de Goiás. Participaram 3.034 alunos de 13-19 anos. O CS foi avaliado por três perguntas sobre 'Como você avalia seu conhecimento sobre:' (1) 'Efeitos do cigarro na saúde geral das pessoas que fumam', (2) 'Efeitos do cigarro na saúde bucal das pessoas que fumam', (3) 'Efeitos da fumaça do cigarro na saúde das pessoas que não fumam (fumantes passivos)'. As categorias do status tabágico foram nunca fumante, ex-fumante e fumante. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada na análise estatística. Razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% são reportados. Cerca de metade dos participantes tinha CS baixo sobre efeitos do tabagismo na saúde geral, e a maioria tinha CS baixo sobre efeitos na saúde bucal (62,9%) e efeitos do fumo passivo (61,5%). Comparados aos fumantes e ex-fumantes, os nunca fumantes foram mais propensos a ter baixo CS sobre o efeito na saúde geral (1,52; IC 95% = 1,25-1,85), oral (1,17; IC 95% = 1,03-1,32) e efeitos do fumo passivo (1,21; IC 95% = 1,16-1,38). O CS dos adolescentes sobre os efeitos do tabagismo na saúde tende a ser baixo, especialmente entre os que nunca fumaram.

Objective: To know the opinion of school adolescent smokers about counseling and treatment for smoking cessation, and investigate whether negative opinion was associated with lack of motivation to stop smoking. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in Goiás, Brazil, with an intentional sample of school adolescents, in 2018. Poisson Regression was used. Results: Participants were 130, most of them expressed a positive opinion on the three smoking cessation interventions surveyed: medical (76.2%) and dental counseling (70.0%), and smoking cessation treatment (66.2%). Negative opinions were more frequent among adolescents who were not motivated to stop smoking (p&lt;0.05). Regression analyzes revealed that lack of motivation to quit was associated with a negative opinion about each intervention. Conclusion: The adolescents had a positive opinion about counseling and treatment for smoking cessation in health services. Negative opinion was associated with a lack of motivation to quit the habit.

Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de escolares fumadores adolescentes sobre asesoramiento y tratamiento para dejar de fumar en servicios de salud, e investigar si opinión negativa se asoció con falta de motivación para parar de fumar. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en Goiás, Brasil, con muestra intencional de escolares adolescentes, en 2018; se utilizó la Regresión de Poisson. Resultados: Participaron 130 adolescentes, la mayoría expresaron una opinión positiva sobre las tres intervenciones para cesación encuestadas: asesoramiento médico (76,2%) y dental (70,0%), y tratamiento para cesación (66,2%). Opiniones negativas fueron más frecuentes entre adolescentes sin motivación para parar de fumar (p&lt;0.05). Los análisis de regresión revelaron que falta de motivación para parar se asoció con opinión negativa sobre cada intervención. Conclusión: Los adolescentes tenían una opinión positiva sobre asesoramiento y tratamiento para dejar de fumar en servicios de salud. Opinión negativa se asoció con una falta de motivación para dejar el hábito.

Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião de escolares adolescentes fumantes sobre aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo, e investigar se uma opinião negativa estava associada à falta de motivação para parar de fumar. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no estado de Goiás, Brasil, com amostra intencional de escolares adolescentes, em 2018. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Participaram 130 adolescentes. A maioria manifestou opinião positiva sobre as três intervenções para cessação do tabagismo pesquisadas: aconselhamento médico (76,2%), aconselhamento odontológico (70,0%) e tratamento para cessação (66,2%). Opiniões negativas foram mais frequentes entre jovens desmotivados a abandonar o tabagismo (p&lt;0,05). Análises de regressão revelaram a falta de motivação para parar de fumar associada à opinião negativa sobre cada uma das três intervenções. Conclusão: Os adolescentes apresentaram opinião positiva sobre oferta de aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo em serviços de saúde. Opinião negativa foi associada à falta de motivação para cessar o tabagismo.