ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a major cause of non-dental pain in the oral and facial regions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of TMD and anxiety among academics and to investigate the relationship between TMD and its associated factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 295 academics undertaking health courses at a university in Brazil. METHODS: The Simplified Anamnesis Index and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to evaluate TMD and assess anxiety, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using relative and absolute frequencies of variables. In the bivariate analysis, Pearson’s chi-square test was used, and in the multivariate analysis, raw and adjusted binary logistic regressions were used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The average age of academics was 22.95 (standard deviation ± 6.14) years, predominantly comprising women (82.7%), whites (90.8%), and singles (86.6%). The findings revealed that 81.2% of academics had TMD and 50.5% exhibited symptoms of anxiety. Academics with anxiety were three times more likely to have TMD (OR = 3.6) than those without anxiety. CONCLUSION: A significant association between anxiety and TMD was observed in academics. The prevalence of TMD was high, with academics with anxiety having a high likely to develop TMD. These findings highlight the importance of addressing mental health concerns in addition to physical health, as they are often related. BACKGROUND (TMD nondental non dental regions OBJECTIVE factors SETTING crosssectional cross sectional 29 Brazil METHODS respectively variables analysis Pearsons Pearson s chisquare chi square OR 95 intervals 005 0 05 0.05 RESULTS 2295 22 22.9 standard 6.14 614 6 14 years 82.7%, 827 82.7% , 82 7 (82.7%) 90.8%, 908 90.8% 90 8 (90.8%) 86.6%. 866 86.6% . 86 (86.6%) 812 81 2 81.2 505 50 5 50.5 3.6 36 3 CONCLUSION related 9 00 0.0 229 22. 6.1 61 1 82.7 (82.7% 90.8 (90.8% 86.6 (86.6% 81. 50. 3. 0. 6. 82. (82.7 90. (90.8 86. (86.6 (82. (90. (86. (82 (90 (86 (8 (9 (

Abstract Objective: To identify the most prevalent oral lesions based on reports from a pathology institute’s reports and associations between malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders with patient’s demographic variables and the anatomical location. Material and Methods: All 1,298 histopathological reports of oral lesions recorded in the database were reviewed. Demographic variables, anatomical location of the lesion, histopathological diagnosis of the lesions, and their biological behavior were analyzed. Results: Regarding the biological behavior of the identified lesions, benign lesions were predominant (70%), followed by lesions of undetermined behavior (14.3%), malignant lesions (14.2%), absence of histological alteration (1.2%), and finally, oral potentially malignant disorders (0.5%). The anatomical locations of the most prevalent oral lesions potentially malignant disorders and malignant were in the following structures of the oral cavity: gums, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and hard palate (p=49.2%), and tongue (p=48.7%). Conclusion: The probability of malignant and premalignant lesions was higher among males (PR= 4.21; 95% CI 2.08-6.22), the increase in age (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.05-1.08), and in the tongue region (PR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.67; 17.92). Identification of malignant and potentially malignant oral conditions is higher in older men and in tongue specimens. Objective institutes institute s patients patient Methods 1298 1 298 1,29 reviewed lesion analyzed Results 70%, 70 70% , (70%) 14.3%, 143 14.3% 14 3 (14.3%) 14.2%, 142 14.2% 2 (14.2%) 1.2%, 12 1.2% (1.2%) finally 0.5%. 05 0.5% . 0 5 (0.5%) cavity gums mucosa p=49.2%, p492 p p=49.2% 49 (p=49.2%) p=48.7%. p487 p=48.7% 48 7 (p=48.7%) Conclusion PR= PR 4.21 421 4 21 95 2.086.22, 208622 2.08 6.22 08 6 22 2.08-6.22) 1.06 106 06 1.051.08, 105108 1.05 1.08 1.05-1.08) 5.48 548 1.67 167 67 17.92. 1792 17.92 17 92 17.92) specimens 129 29 1,2 (70% 14.3 (14.3% 14.2 (14.2% 1.2 (1.2% 0.5 (0.5% p49 p=49.2 (p=49.2% p48 p=48.7 (p=48.7% 4.2 42 9 086 2.086.22 20862 208 2.0 622 6.2 2.08-6.22 1.0 10 051 1.051.08 10510 105 108 1.05-1.08 5.4 54 1.6 16 179 17.9 1, (70 14. (14.3 (14.2 1. (1.2 0. (0.5 p4 p=49. (p=49.2 p=48. (p=48.7 4. 2.086.2 2086 20 2. 62 6. 2.08-6.2 1.051.0 1051 1.05-1.0 5. 17. (7 (14. (1. (0. p=49 (p=49. p=48 (p=48. 2.086. 2.08-6. 1.051. 1.05-1. ( (14 (1 (0 p=4 (p=49 (p=48 2.086 2.08-6 1.051 1.05-1 p= (p=4 2.08- 1.05- (p= (p

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to verify oral candidiasis, identify the causative species, and investigate the antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from liver transplant patients. Methods A descriptive analysis of 97 patients who underwent liver transplantation was conducted at a hospital. Two clinical examinations (Collections A and B) of the oral cavity were performed. Oral material was collected from all patients, inoculated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, and incubated at 35℃ for 48 hours. Samples were identified by molecular sequencing of the internal trascribed space region of rDNA. Results An antifungal susceptibility test with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute yeast broth microdilution method. Among the patients, 15 presented with oral candidiasis: eight in Collection A and seven in Collection B. The primary type of candidiasis was atrophic, followed by pseudomembranous candidiasis. The most prevalent species was Candida albicans (nine), followed by Candida glabrata (three), Candida tropicalis (two), and Candida dubliniensis (one). Regarding susceptibility to fluconazole, of the 15 samples, 11 were susceptible, three were susceptible in a dose-dependent manner, and one was resistant. Conclusion The most commonly identified type of candidiasis was atrophic, with C. albicans and C. glabrata being the most prevalent causative species. One fluconazole-resistant isolate each of C. tropicalis and C. albicans were identified. 9 hospital Collections B Agar 35 4 hours rDNA fluconazole method 1 atrophic nine, nine , (nine) three, (three) two, two (two) one. . (one) samples dosedependent dose dependent manner resistant C fluconazoleresistant 3 (nine (three (two (one

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre os níveis séricos de vitamina D e cárie dentária não-tratada e fatores determinantes em crianças e jovens. Metodologia: Este estudo transversal utilizou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição (2013-2014). No total, 3.072 participantes com idades entre 1 e 19 anos foram incluídos em nossa amostra. A principal variável dependente, cárie não-tratada, foi definida como pelo menos uma superfície de cárie não-tratada em qualquer dente. A concentração sérica de 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] foi categorizada em quatro grupos: ≥75 nmol/ml, 50-74,9 nmol/ml, 25-49,9 nmol/ml e <25 nmol/ml. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão logística binária. Resultados: Para crianças de 1 a 5 anos, idade (OR = 1,68, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,38 a 2,04) e baixos níveis de vitamina D (25 a 49,9 nmol/ml e <25 nmol/ml: OR = 2,55, IC 95% 1,06-6,13) foram associados a cárie não-tratada. Para crianças de 6 a 11 anos, baixos níveis de vitamina D (50 a 74,9 nmol/ml: OR = 1,45, IC 95% 1,16 a 1,82) permaneceram associados à cárie não-tratada. Não foram encontradas associações naqueles entre 12 e 19 anos de idade. Conclusão: Nossos achados mostram uma associação entre baixos níveis de 25(OH)D e cárie não-tratada em crianças de 1 a 11 anos, sugerindo que este nutriente pode interferir no processo da cárie dentária . nãotratada não tratada jovens Metodologia 20132014. 20132014 2013 2014 (2013-2014) total 3072 3 072 3.07 amostra dependente nãotratada, tratada, dente 25hidroxivitamina hidroxivitamina 25 25OHD OHD OH [25(OH)D grupos 75 ≥7 nmolml nmol ml 5074,9 50749 50 74 9 50-74, 2549,9 25499 49 25-49, <2 binária Resultados 168 68 1,68 95 138 38 1,3 2,04 204 2 04 (2 499 49, 255 55 2,55 1,066,13 106613 1,06 6,13 06 13 1,06-6,13 nãotratada. tratada. (5 749 74, 145 45 1,45 116 16 1,1 1,82 182 82 Conclusão 2013201 201 (2013-2014 307 07 3.0 7 ≥ 5074 5074, 50-74 2549 2549, 4 25-49 < 1,6 1, 2,0 20 0 ( 2,5 066 1,066,1 10661 106 1,0 613 6,1 1,06-6,1 14 1,4 1,8 18 8 201320 (2013-201 30 3. 507 50-7 254 25-4 2, 1,066, 1066 10 61 6, 1,06-6, 20132 (2013-20 50- 25- 1,066 1,06-6 (2013-2 1,06- (2013- (2013 (201 (20

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and untreated caries and determining factors in children and youth. Methodology: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014). In total, 3,072 participants with ages ranging from 1 to 19 years were included in our sample. The main dependent variable, untreated caries, was defined as having at least one untreated carious surface in any tooth. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was categorized into four groups: ≥75 nmol/ml, 50-74.9 nmol/ml, 25-49.9 nmol/ml, and <25 nmol/ml. Data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression. Results: For children aged 1-5 years, age (OR = 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.38-2.04) and low levels of vitamin D (25-49.9 nmol/ml, and <25 nmol/ml: OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.06-6.13) were associated with untreated caries. For children aged 6-11 years, low levels of vitamin D (50-74.9 nmol/ml: OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.16-1.82) remained associated with untreated caries. No associations were found in those between 12 and 19 years of age. Conclusion: Our findings show an association between low levels of 25(OH)D and untreated caries in children between 1 and 11 years of age, suggesting that this nutrient might interfere in the caries process. youth Methodology crosssectional cross sectional 20132014. 20132014 2013 2014 . (2013-2014) total 3072 3 072 3,07 sample variable tooth 25hydroxyvitamin hydroxyvitamin 25 25OHD OHD OH [25(OH)D groups 75 ≥7 nmolml nmol ml nmol/ml 5074.9 50749 50 74.9 74 9 50-74. 2549.9 25499 49.9 49 25-49. <2 regression Results 15 5 1- 168 68 1.68 95 (95 1.382.04 138204 1.38 2.04 38 2 04 1.38-2.04 (25-49. 255 55 2.55 1.066.13 106613 1.06 6.13 06 6 13 1.06-6.13 611 6-1 (50-74. OR145 45 OR=1.45 1.161.82 116182 1.16 1.82 16 82 1.16-1.82 Conclusion process 2013201 201 (2013-2014 307 07 3,0 7 ≥ 5074 5074. 749 74. 50-74 2549 2549. 499 49. 4 25-49 < 1.6 (9 382 1.382.0 13820 138 1.3 204 2.0 0 1.38-2.0 (25-49 2.5 066 1.066.1 10661 106 1.0 613 6.1 1.06-6.1 61 6- (50-74 OR14 OR=1.4 161 1.161.8 11618 116 1.1 182 1.8 8 1.16-1.8 201320 20 (2013-201 30 3, 507 50-7 254 25-4 1. ( 1.382. 1382 2. 1.38-2. (25-4 1.066. 1066 10 6. 1.06-6. (50-7 OR1 OR=1. 1.161. 1161 18 1.16-1. 20132 (2013-20 50- 25- 1.382 1.38-2 (25- 1.066 1.06-6 (50- OR=1 1.161 1.16-1 (2013-2 1.38- (25 1.06- (50 OR= 1.16- (2013- (2 (5 (2013 (201 (20

Aim To evaluate the impact of xerostomia, edentulism, use of dental prosthesis, and presence of chronic diseases on quality of life in relation to oral health in institutionalized elderly individuals. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was administered containing the following instruments: Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), which measures the quality of life related to oral health; the Summated Xerostomia Inventory questionnaire (SXI-PL) for evaluation of xerostomia, sociodemographic data, clinical description, and patient-reported factors was assessed (edentulism, use of dental prostheses, and chronic diseases). Results Most elderly individuals did not have any teeth in their mouths and used dental prosthesis. The impact on quality of life, considering the mean of the OHIP-14 scores, was positive in 58.3% of the elderly. Those who used a dental prosthesis were three times more likely to have their oral health negatively impacted (OR=3.09; 95%CI =1.17 8.11), compared to those who did not use, and individuals with xerostomia were more likely to have their oral health negatively impacted (OR=1.57; 95%CI=1.25-1.98) compared to those without xerostomia. There was no difference in the quality of life of individuals with and without chronic diseases. Conclusions The feeling of dry mouth and use of dental prostheses negatively impacted the quality of life in relation to oral health of the elderly. edentulism crosssectional cross sectional study instruments OHIP14, OHIP14 OHIP 14 , (OHIP-14) SXIPL SXI PL (SXI-PL data description patientreported patient reported (edentulism . diseases) OHIP-1 scores 583 58 3 58.3 OR=3.09 OR309 OR 09 (OR=3.09 95CI CI 95 117 1 17 =1.1 8.11, 811 8.11 8 11 8.11) OR=1.57 OR157 57 (OR=1.57 95%CI=1.251.98 95CI125198 95%CI=1.25 1.98 25 98 95%CI=1.25-1.98 OHIP1 (OHIP-14 OHIP- 5 58. OR=3.0 OR30 0 (OR=3.0 9 =1. 81 8.1 OR=1.5 OR15 (OR=1.5 251 95%CI=1.251.9 95CI12519 95CI125 95%CI=1.2 198 1.9 2 95%CI=1.25-1.9 (OHIP-1 OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. =1 8. OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 95%CI=1.251. 95CI1251 95CI12 95%CI=1. 19 1. 95%CI=1.25-1. (OHIP- OR=3 (OR=3 = OR=1 (OR=1 95%CI=1.251 95CI1 95%CI=1 95%CI=1.25-1 (OHIP OR= (OR= 95%CI= 95%CI=1.25- (OR

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the decision-making by patients to replace temporary restorations with permanent restorations after endodontic treatment and to verify the associated factors and evaluate the quality/integrity of the temporary restorative material within one month. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling which analyzed patients after one month of endodontic treatment. The self-administered questionnaire contained sociodemographic, treatment decision-making and endodontic treatment questions. The restoration present in the mouth was evaluated in the clinical oral examination. The Poisson Regression test was used to verify the prevalence ratio. Results The prevalence failure to perform permanent restorations was 61.1% of patients, and 42.7% reported not having adhered. The reasons are lack of time and not knowing the importance of replacing the restoration with a definitive one. The glass ionomer temporary restorative frequency was higher among those who chose not to replace the temporary restoration with a permanent one (PR=5.19; 95%CI 2.10-12.33). In addition, there was an association between the quality of the restorative material and the type of material, and the best clinical quality of the restoration was statistically associated with glass ionomer and composite resin. Conclusions The findings show the importance of guidance by the dental surgeon in helping patients decide to replace their temporary restoration.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dry mouth syndrome or xerostomia is defined as decreased salivary flow or hypofunction of salivary glands. Its origins are multicausal and might be the result of a change in the salivary glands or a systemic imbalance. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of self-reported xerostomia and to identify associated factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on the entire population of 293 elderly people over 60 years of age living in a Brazilian municipality. METHODS: Data were gathered from a questionnaire that asked about demographic data, chronic diseases and use of continuous medications, and which used the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) to evaluate dry mouth sensation. Our analysis consisted of multivariate regression and estimation of odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) in binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported xerostomia was 19.1%. Elderly people with diabetes had higher odds of having self-reported xerostomia (OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.48-8.68; P < 0.001) as did those who had chronic diseases and used continuous medication (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.19-4.67; P = 0.009). Elderly people who used continuous medication for the gastrointestinal tract were more likely to have xerostomia (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.03-1.44; P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly people with diabetes and chronic diseases who were using continuous medication were more likely to have dry mouth. Use of continuous medications for the gastrointestinal tract led to a greater chance of having self-reported xerostomia.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To evaluate periodontal clinical signs and investigate the probing depth levels (PD) and associated factors in patients attending the Dental Clinics of the Faculty IMED, located in a municipality in southern Brazil. Material and Methods: The data were collected of 193 records of patients who demand dental care in the Dental Clinics for periodontal treatment, in the period 2017- 2018: sociodemographic data, oral hygiene habits, tobacco use and chronic diseases. The clinical data were: gingival bleeding index (GBI), visible plaque index (VPI) and PD. The statistical analyzed the relationship between probing depth and exposure variables, using a linear regression linear model (p-value<0.05). Results: The majority of the patients attended were female (63.2%) and 40.8 years old on average (± 14.58). The descriptive results of VPI, GBI e PD were: 39.11 ± 32.28%, 21.81 ± 22.43%, and 2.91 ± 1.09mm, respectively. After adjustments in the multiple regression model, it was observed that diabetes and quantity of cigarettes smoked had an influence on PD. Conclusions: The results obtained in this research allowed to verify a high index of VPI and GBI in the patients. The mean PD of the individuals was low, however, it was possible to verify that having diabetes and smoking a large amount of cigarettes daily were predictive factors of higher levels of PD.

RESUMO Objetivos: Verificar os sinais clínicos periodontais e investigar a os níveis de profundidade de sondagem (PS) e fatores associados em pacientes atendidos nas Clínicas da Faculdade IMED, localizada em um município do sul do Brasil. Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados em 193 prontuários de pacientes que buscaram atendimento odontológico, no período de 2017-2018, agrupados em sociodemográficos, hábitos de higiene bucal, hábitos nocivos e doenças crônicas. Os dados clínicos foram índice de placa dental visível (IPV), índice de sangramento gengival (ISG) e PS. Após realizadas análises descritivas foi construído um modelo de Regressão linear simples e múltiplo para verificar relações entre as variáveis ao p-valor<0,05. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes são do sexo feminino (63,2%) com média de 40,8 anos (±14,58). Os resultados descritivos de IPV, ISG e PS foram 39,11±32,28%, 21,81 ±22,43% e 2,91 ±1,09mm, respectivamente. Após os ajustes no modelo de regressão múltiplo, os portadores de diabetes e a a quantidade de cigarros fumados por dia influenciaram no nível de PS. Conclusões: Os achados desta investigação mostram um alto IPV e de SG. Apesar da média da PS ter sido baixa, portadores de diabetes e fumo foram fatores preditivos de maiores níveis de PS.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize patient safety according to the perception of primary health care workers in a large city in Paraná. Method: cross-sectional study, in which information was collected using the "Research on Patient Safety Culture for Primary Care" instrument, which was self-answered by health workers working in primary care, from April to June 2017. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used for data analysis. Results: it was found that as for the frequency of problems related to patient safety and quality of care, the “medical record/patient record being unavailable when needed” and “patient not getting an appointment within 48 hours was considered as a serious or acute problem”. Regarding the support of managers/administrators/leaders, the overall frequency of positive responses was only 38.4%. The section on global safety assessment showed the highest overall percentage of positive responses (79.0%). Workers in the southern region of the municipality under study had a worse assessment of the work process, communication, monitoring and manager support (45.5%, 61.6% and 29.3% of positive responses, respectively). Conclusion: it is concluded that there is a need to strengthen the culture of patient safety at this level of care, strengthening and valuing the performance of all workers, with the intensification of permanent education and the use of soft technologies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar la seguridad del paciente según la percepción de los trabajadores de atención primaria de salud en una gran ciudad de Paraná. Método: estudio transversal, en el que se recopiló información, mediante el instrumento “Investigación en Cultura de Seguridad del Paciente en Atención Primaria”, que fue auto-contestado por los trabajadores de salud interinos en atención primaria, de abril a junio de 2017. Para el análisis de datos, utilizamos el Paquete Estadístico para el programa de Ciencias Sociales. Resultados: Se encontró que con respecto a la frecuencia de problemas relacionados con la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención, se destacaron con mayor frecuencia la “historia clínica / historia del paciente que no está disponible cuando es necesario” y “el paciente no acude a una cita en 48 horas”. por un problema grave o agudo”. Con respecto al apoyo de gerentes / administradores / líderes, la frecuencia general de respuestas positivas fue solo del 38,4%. La sección sobre evaluación de la seguridad global mostró el porcentaje general más alto de respuestas positivas (79,0%). Los trabajadores que laboran en la región sur del municipio en estudio tuvieron una peor valoración del proceso de trabajo, comunicación, seguimiento y apoyo del gerente (45,5, 61,6% y 29,3% de respuestas positivas, respectivamente). Conclusión: Se concluye que existe la necesidad de fortalecer la cultura de seguridad del paciente en este nivel de atención, fortaleciendo y valorando el desempeño de todos los trabajadores, con la intensificación de la educación permanente y el uso de tecnologías ligeras.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a segurança do paciente segundo a percepção dos trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde em município de grande porte do Paraná. Método: estudo de delineamento transversal, em que foram coletadas informações, por meio do instrumento “Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária”, sendo este autorrespondido por trabalhadores de saúde atuantes na atenção primária, nos meses de abril a junho de 2017. Para análise de dados utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: detectou-se que quanto à frequência de problemas relacionados à segurança do paciente e qualidade do cuidado, destacaram-se com maior frequência diária o “prontuário/registro do paciente estar indisponível quando necessário” e “paciente não conseguir uma consulta em até 48 horas considerado para um problema sério ou agudo”. Sobre o apoio de gestores/administradores/líderes, a frequência geral de respostas positivas foi de apenas 38,4%. A seção sobre avaliação global de segurança apresentou o maior percentual geral de respostas positivas (79,0%). Trabalhadores atuantes na região sul do município em estudo apresentaram pior avaliação sobre o processo de trabalho, comunicação, acompanhamento e apoio do gestor (45,5%, 61,6% e 29,3% de respostas positivas, respectivamente). Conclusão: conclui-se que há necessidade de fortalecer a cultura de segurança do paciente nesse nível de atenção, fortalecendo e valorizando a atuação de todos os trabalhadores, com a intensificação da educação permanente e do uso de tecnologias leves.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: People have been using psychoactive substances for a long time. Over the last few years, this practice has spread among university students, who use these substances to improve their academic performance, relieve stress and increase concentration and memory. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the use of psychoactive drugs among healthcare students at a higher education institution in the city of Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil, and to ascertain the associated demographic and lifestyle factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a higher education institution. METHODS: We included 287 undergraduate medicine and dentistry students in this study. They answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables. The statistical analysis used univariate and bivariate analyses with Pearson’s chi-square test (P-value < 0.05). Multivariate analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals. The SPSS software, version 20.0, was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of use of psychoactive substances among the students was 24.7%. Among these students, high frequencies of psychoactive drugs had been prescribed by physicians (95.8%) and for the purpose of relaxation or stress relief (73.2%). Women, medical students (compared with dental students) and participants with lower academic performance were more likely to use psychoactive drugs. After the multivariate adjustment, the “course” and “academic performance” remained associated with use of psychoactive drugs. CONCLUSION: There was high prevalence of psychoactive drug use among the students at the higher education institution investigated. Some variables (female sex, medical students and low academic performance) were associated with the outcome.

Abstract Objective: To verify whether recreational interaction with pediatric patient before dental care influences cortisol levels and anxiety. Material and Methods: Twelve children were selected and divided into two groups: 6 children who had not previously received recreational intervention (Group I) and 6 children who received recreational intervention before dental care (Group II). Saliva was collected with Salivettes™ kits before and soon after dental care for the measurement of cortisol. Wilcoxon test was applied to verify the difference in salivary cortisol levels before and after the dental visit in the whole sample, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the difference between groups I and II. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: Among patients from Group I, 3 had their cortisol levels increased after dental care, 2 had their cortisol levels decreased, and the other 1 patient remained constant. All participants from Group II had no significant difference in cortisol levels pre- and post-procedure. Mean salivary cortisol level was higher in Group I, pre- and post-procedure, compared to Group II. Conclusion: Pediatric patients who participated in an interactive activity prior to dental care have a lower level of anxiety according to the salivary cortisol levels obtained, compared to patients who did not participate in recreation. The techniques for the dentist to approach the child control the anxiety of the patient and make the procedure calmer and less stressful for both of them.

Resumo O estudo que originou este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a cultura de segurança do paciente na atenção primária em saúde de um município de grande porte do estado do Paraná, segundo a categoria profissional. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal com trabalhadores da atenção primária, com coleta de dados realizada em 2017, por meio da aplicação de um instrumento autorrespondido denominado Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária (Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture). Os resultados indicaram que o processo de trabalho no serviço de atuação e apoio dos gestores foram as dimensões da cultura de segurança com avaliação mais fragilizada. De modo geral, houve divergências na percepção da cultura de segurança pelos profissionais de saúde da atenção primária, denotando a importância do planejamento conjunto de estratégias de assistência à saúde. Os técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram maior prevalência de avaliação fragilizada da cultura de segurança do paciente. De forma contrária, os enfermeiros mostraram menor prevalência de avaliação fragilizada sobre a cultura de segurança.

Abstract The study that originated the present article had the goal of analyzing the culture of patient safety in primary health care in a large municipality in the state of Paraná, Brazil, according to the professional category. We conducted a cross-sectional study with primary health care workers, and the data was collected in 2017 through the application of a self-reported instrument called Survey on Patient Safety Culture for Primary Health Care (Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária, in Portuguese). The results indicated that the work process in each service where they work and the support from the managers were the dimensions of the safety culture that had the weakest evaluations. In general, there were differences of opinions regarding the perception of the safety culture on the part of the primary health care professionals, indicating the importance of the joint planning of health care strategies. The nurse technicians revealed a higher prevalence of weak evaluations of patient safety culture. On the other hand, the nurses revealed a lower prevalence of weak evaluations regarding safety culture.

Resumen El estudio que originó este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la cultura de seguridad del paciente en la atención primaria de salud de un municipio de gran población en el estado de Paraná, Brasil, según la categoría profesional. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal con trabajadores de la atención primaria, con recolección de datos realizada en 2017, por medio de la aplicación de un instrumento autorrellenable denominado Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Seguridad del Paciente para la Atención Primaria (Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária, en portugués). Los resultados indicaron que el proceso de trabajo en el servicio de actuación y el apoyo de los gestores fueron las dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad con evaluación más fragilizada. De modo general, hubo divergencias en la percepción de la cultura de seguridad por los profesionales de salud de la atención primaria, denotando la importancia de la planificación conjunta de estrategias de asistencia a la salud. Los técnicos en enfermería presentaron mayor prevalencia de evaluación fragilizada de la cultura de seguridad del paciente. De modo contrario, los enfermeros presentaron menor prevalencia de evaluación fragilizada sobre la cultura de seguridad.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a segurança do paciente segundo a percepção dos trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde em município de grande porte do Paraná. Método: estudo de delineamento transversal, em que foram coletadas informações, por meio do instrumento “Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária”, sendo este autorrespondido por trabalhadores de saúde atuantes na atenção primária, nos meses de abril a junho de 2017. Para análise de dados utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: detectou-se que quanto à frequência de problemas relacionados à segurança do paciente e qualidade do cuidado, destacaram-se com maior frequência diária o “prontuário/registro do paciente estar indisponível quando necessário” e “paciente não conseguir uma consulta em até 48 horas considerado para um problema sério ou agudo”. Sobre o apoio de gestores/administradores/líderes, a frequência geral de respostas positivas foi de apenas 38,4%. A seção sobre avaliação global de segurança apresentou o maior percentual geral de respostas positivas (79,0%). Trabalhadores atuantes na região sul do município em estudo apresentaram pior avaliação sobre o processo de trabalho, comunicação, acompanhamento e apoio do gestor (45,5%, 61,6% e 29,3% de respostas positivas, respectivamente). Conclusão: conclui-se que há necessidade de fortalecer a cultura de segurança do paciente nesse nível de atenção, fortalecendo e valorizando a atuação de todos os trabalhadores, com a intensificação da educação permanente e do uso de tecnologias leves.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize patient safety according to the perception of primary health care workers in a large city in Paraná. Method: cross-sectional study, in which information was collected using the "Research on Patient Safety Culture for Primary Care" instrument, which was self-answered by health workers working in primary care, from April to June 2017. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used for data analysis. Results: it was found that as for the frequency of problems related to patient safety and quality of care, the “medical record/patient record being unavailable when needed” and “patient not getting an appointment within 48 hours was considered as a serious or acute problem”. Regarding the support of managers/administrators/leaders, the overall frequency of positive responses was only 38.4%. The section on global safety assessment showed the highest overall percentage of positive responses (79.0%). Workers in the southern region of the municipality under study had a worse assessment of the work process, communication, monitoring and manager support (45.5%, 61.6% and 29.3% of positive responses, respectively). Conclusion: it is concluded that there is a need to strengthen the culture of patient safety at this level of care, strengthening and valuing the performance of all workers, with the intensification of permanent education and the use of soft technologies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar la seguridad del paciente según la percepción de los trabajadores de atención primaria de salud en una gran ciudad de Paraná. Método: estudio transversal, en el que se recopiló información, mediante el instrumento “Investigación en Cultura de Seguridad del Paciente en Atención Primaria”, que fue auto-contestado por los trabajadores de salud interinos en atención primaria, de abril a junio de 2017. Para el análisis de datos, utilizamos el Paquete Estadístico para el programa de Ciencias Sociales. Resultados: Se encontró que con respecto a la frecuencia de problemas relacionados con la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención, se destacaron con mayor frecuencia la “historia clínica / historia del paciente que no está disponible cuando es necesario” y “el paciente no acude a una cita en 48 horas”. por un problema grave o agudo”. Con respecto al apoyo de gerentes / administradores / líderes, la frecuencia general de respuestas positivas fue solo del 38,4%. La sección sobre evaluación de la seguridad global mostró el porcentaje general más alto de respuestas positivas (79,0%). Los trabajadores que laboran en la región sur del municipio en estudio tuvieron una peor valoración del proceso de trabajo, comunicación, seguimiento y apoyo del gerente (45,5, 61,6% y 29,3% de respuestas positivas, respectivamente). Conclusión: Se concluye que existe la necesidad de fortalecer la cultura de seguridad del paciente en este nivel de atención, fortaleciendo y valorando el desempeño de todos los trabajadores, con la intensificación de la educación permanente y el uso de tecnologías ligeras.

ABSTRACT: Childhood is a period of life when the human being is constantly going through progressive steps of psychosocial, physical, and mental development. The quality of hygiene habits of family members will be reflected on the characteristics and attitudes of children, which significantly increases the responsibility of the family in oral hygiene education. The present study aimed to observe the influence of maternal satisfaction with the dentist in children's oral care. This is a cross-sectional design, which sample included 100 mothers from a city in Southern Brazil. From a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and adapted from previous research, the mothers were interviewed from January to July 2015. The results presented showed that most mothers work outside the home (46.4 %) but monitor their children during toothbrushing (50.7 %). For most mothers, the dentist represents satisfaction (37.1 %) and the main reason for seeking the dentist is oral health (44.3 %). It was found that mothers who encourage their children to use dental floss and monitor them during toothbrushing are the mothers who feel satisfied with the dentist (P < 0.05). In addition, mothers know that caries is a disease and its occurrence is related to diet habits, however, they add chocolate milk and sugar to their children’s bottle. Thus, it was concluded that satisfaction with the dentist influences mothers on oral hygiene habits adopted by their children regarding the use of dental floss and toothbrushing monitoring.

RESUMEN: La infancia es un período de la vida en que el ser humano está en constante y progresivo desarrollo psicológico, físico y mental. La calidad de la higiene oral de otros miembros de la familia se va a reflejar directamente en las características y actitudes de los niños, aumentando significativamente la responsabilidad de la familia en la educación sobre higiene oral. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo observar la influencia que tiene la satisfacción de la madre con el cirujano dentista respecto a las acciones de la salud oral de los niños. Se trató de un estudio de tipo transversal, cuya muestra no probabilística contó con 100 madres de una ciudad del Sur de Brasil. A partir de un cuestionario elaborado para este fin y adaptado de investigaciones anteriores, las madres fueron entrevistadas en el período de enero a julio de 2015. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de las madres trabajaban fuera de la casa (46,4 %), pero acompañaban a su hijo durante el cepillado (50,7 %). La mayoría de ellas estaba conforme con la atención del cirujano dentista (37,1 %) y el mayor motivo de su búsqueda fue la salud oral (44,3 %). Se verificó que las madres que incentivaban el uso del hilo dental por parte de los hijos y que realizaban el acompañamiento durante el cepillado eran las madres que se sentían conformes con la atención del cirujano dentista (p<0,05). Además de esto, las madres saben que la caries es una enfermedad y que su surgimiento tiene relación con la alimentación, pero igualmente le incorporaban cacao en polvo y azúcar a la mamadera de sus hijos. De esta manera, fue posible concluir que, la satisfacción con la atención del cirujano dentista influye a las madres en los hábitos de higiene oral adoptados por sus hijos, en lo relativo al uso del hilo dental y el cepillado dental.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adequação do cuidado pré-natal no Brasil associado a determinantes sociodemográficos. A pesquisa consistiu em uma análise dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada no Brasil em 2013. Foram avaliados dois desfechos sobre a adequação do pré-natal, o índice de Kessner modificado por Takeda que, além de levar em consideração esse índice, avaliou se houve aferição da pressão arterial e do peso em todas as consultas, realização de algum exame de sangue e urina e ultrassom. Ambos indicadores de qualidade foram avaliados para o Brasil e também pelas macrorregiões do país. De acordo com o desfecho 1, 80,6% das mulheres realizaram o pré-natal adequado. Ao adicionarmos a realização de exames (Desfecho 2) o percentual foi 71,4%. O pré-natal adequado foi mais frequente entre as mulheres de cor branca e que realizaram o pré-natal na rede privada. A região norte apresentou as menores frequências de pré-natal adequado, enquanto a região sudeste as maiores. Apesar da ampla cobertura, o pré-natal no Brasil ainda apresenta iniquidades e baixa qualidade no atendimento, especialmente entre mulheres das regiões mais pobre do país.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the adequacy of prenatal care in Brazil associated with sociodemographic determinants. The study included a data analysis from the National Health Research performed in Brazil in 2013. Two outcomes on the adequacy of prenatal care were assessed: the Kessner index modified by Takeda index that, in addition to the former, assessed whether blood pressure and weight were measured in all appointments, as well as the performance of blood and urine tests and ultrasound. Both quality indicators were assessed for Brazil and for its macro-regions. According to Outcome 1, 80.6% of women received adequate prenatal care. When adding the performance of tests (Outcome 2), the rate dropped to 71.4%. Adequate prenatal care was more frequent among white women who performed prenatal care in the private health sector. The northern region had the lowest rate of adequate prenatal care, while the southeast region showed the highest rates. Despite the extensive coverage, prenatal care in Brazil still presents inequities and low service quality, especially for women from the poorest regions of the country.