ABSTRACT Strongyloides stercoralis infections, human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections, and Chagas diseases occur throughout many regions of Central and South America, including Peru. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of S. stercoralis, HTLV, and Chagas disease in Iquitos (Peruvian Amazon) and the associated epidemiological conditions for S. stercoralis seroprevalence in Iquitos. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to June 15, 2020, to assess the seroprevalence of S. stercoralis [lysate antigen ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)], HTLV (recombinant antigen ELISA), and Chagas disease (crude and recombinant antigen ELISAs). Of the 396 included individuals, 257 were seropositive for S. stercoralis (a 64.9% prevalence, 95% confidence interval [CI] 60.0% to 69.4%). In the multivariable analysis, seropositivity for S. stercoralis was higher in women (odds ratio [OR] 1.60, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.66) and residents of Punchana (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.51 to 7.93), whereas residence in Iquitos was associated with lower positivity (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.85). In total, four individuals were positive for HTLV (1.0% seroprevalence, 95% CI 0.3% to 2.7%), and none were positive for Chagas disease (0.0% seroprevalence, 95% CI 0.0% to 1.2%). The seroprevalence of S. stercoralis in Iquitos is high, particularly among women and residents of Punchana. The presence of HTLV infection indicates that the virus is circulating in Iquitos. This study found no cases of Chagas disease. infections Tlymphotropic T lymphotropic (HTLV America Peru S Peruvian Amazon populationbased population based crosssectional cross sectional 15 2020 lysate enzyme assay, assay , assay)] ELISA, ELISA) crude ELISAs. ELISAs . ELISAs) 39 25 a 649 64 9 64.9 prevalence 95 [CI 600 60 0 60.0 69.4%. 694 69.4% 69 4 69.4%) analysis odds OR [OR 160 1.60 103 03 1.0 2.66 266 2 66 347 3 47 3.47 151 51 1.5 7.93, 793 7.93 7 93 7.93) 052 52 0.52 032 32 0.3 0.85. 085 0.85 85 0.85) total 1.0% 10 (1.0 2.7%, 27 2.7% 2.7%) 00 (0.0 0.0 1.2%. 12 1.2% 1.2%) high 202 assay) 6 64. 60. 69.4 16 1.6 1. 2.6 26 34 3.4 5 79 7.9 05 0.5 0. 08 0.8 8 (1. 2.7 (0. 1.2 20 69. 2. 3. 7. (1 (0 (

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia in children of two Guarani communities in Misiones, Argentina, and to analyze its association with socioenvironmental and parasitic factors. This cross-sectional study took place in two villages, Koen Ju and Kaa Poty, and included Mbya Guarani children aged 6 months to 14 years. A multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the association of anemia with the presence of intestinal parasites. Altogether, 162 children were included in the study: 53.1% were boys, 32.7% had low weight-for-age, and 22.2% low height-for-age. Nearly half (46.9%, n=76) had anemia, which was mainly mild (92.1%), with a few moderate cases (7.9%). Of the 109 children who underwent testing for intestinal parasites, 89 (81.7%) had at least one, and 53 (59.5%) had more than one. The main parasite was Blastocystis hominis (49.5%), followed by Entamoeba coli (47.7%), hookworms (36.7%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (31.5%). In the multivariable analysis, anemia was associated with intestinal parasitosis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–16.5; p=0.038) and male sex (adjusted OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.08–6.47; p= 0.01). Overall, we found that both anemia and intestinal parasites are common in the pediatric population of the Guarani ethnic group. Intestinal parasites and male sex were associated with the presence of anemia. Misiones Argentina factors crosssectional cross sectional villages Poty 1 years Altogether 16 531 53.1 boys 327 32 7 32.7 weightforage, weightforage weight age, age weight-for-age 222 22 2 22.2 heightforage. heightforage height age. height-for-age 46.9%, 469 46 9 (46.9% n=76 n76 n 76 92.1%, 921 92.1% , 92 (92.1%) 7.9%. 79 7.9% . (7.9%) 10 8 81.7% 817 81 (81.7% one 5 59.5% 595 59 (59.5% 49.5%, 495 49.5% 49 (49.5%) 47.7%, 477 47.7% 47 (47.7%) 36.7%, 367 36.7% 36 (36.7%) 31.5%. 315 31.5% 31 (31.5%) adjusted [OR 424 4 24 4.24 95 [CI 1.08–16.5 108165 08 p=0.038 p0038 p 0 038 2.66 266 66 1.08–6.47 108647 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) Overall group 53. 3 32. 22. 46.9% (46.9 n=7 n7 92.1 (92.1% 7.9 (7.9% 81.7 (81.7 59.5 (59.5 49.5 (49.5% 47.7 (47.7% 36.7 (36.7% 31.5 (31.5% 42 4.2 1.08–16. 10816 p=0.03 p003 03 2.6 26 1.08–6.4 10864 00 0.0 46.9 (46. n= 92. (92.1 7. (7.9 81. (81. 59. (59. 49. (49.5 47. (47.7 36. (36.7 31. (31.5 4. 1.08–16 1081 p=0.0 p00 2. 1.08–6. 1086 0. 46. (46 (92. (7. (81 (59 (49. (47. (36. (31. 1.08–1 108 p=0. p0 1.08–6 (4 (92 (7 (8 (5 (49 (47 (36 (31 1.08– p=0 ( (9 (3 1.08 1.0 1.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la variación de los perfiles hematológicos antes, durante y después del tratamiento de pacientes infectados con malaria no complicada por Plasmodium vivax (Pv) y P. falciparum (Pf) en una población de la región Loreto. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre 2010 y 2012, en Zungarococha (Iquitos). Los 425 participantes tuvieron tres visitas (visita 1-día 0-antes del tratamiento, visita 2-día 7-durante tratamiento, visita 3-día 28-después del tratamiento), hemograma completo, diagnóstico microscópico y molecular (PCR). Resultados. En la primera visita, se encontraron 93 (21,9%) positivos a Pv y 34 (8,0%) a Pf. Todos los positivos mostraron una reducción en los indicadores hematológicos de hematocrito, recuento de glóbulos blancos (RGB), neutrófilos abastonados y segmentados, eosinófilos y plaquetas (p<0.001) en comparación con el grupo negativo. Se encontró un porcentaje mayor de neutrófilos abastonados en Pf y de neutrófilos segmentados en Pv comparado al grupo negativo. Se observó variaciones en los perfiles hematológicos después del tratamiento para ambas especies, los neutrófilos abastonados disminuyeron, las plaquetas aumentaron, los eosinófilos se incrementaron al día 7 y decaen el día 28, el hematocrito y los neutrófilos segmentados disminuyeron al día 7 y se normalizaron el día 28. Las diferencias entre especies en el tiempo mostraron una disminución diaria de neutrófilos abastonados en infectados con Pv que en Pf. Conclusiones. El perfil hematológico en pacientes positivos a malaria no complicada varía en el tiempo durante y después del tratamiento. Estos son indicadores de la progresión de la enfermedad y ayudan en la vigilancia terapéutica de pacientes infectados con Plasmodium.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the variation of hematological profiles of patients infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) malaria before, during and after treatment in a population of the Loreto region. Materials and methods. This study was conducted between 2010 and 2012, in Zungarococha (Iquitos). The 425 participants had three visits (visit 1-day 0-before treatment, visit 2-day 7-during treatment, visit 3-day 28-after treatment), complete blood count, microscopic and molecular diagnosis (PCR). Results. At the first visit, 93 (21.9%) participants were found positive for Pv and 34 (8.0%) for Pf. All positives showed a reduction in hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), ablated and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets (p<0.001) compared to the negative group. A higher percentage of ablated neutrophils was found in Pf and segmented neutrophils in Pv compared to the negative group. Variations in hematological profiles were observed after treatment for both species; ablated neutrophils decreased, platelets increased, eosinophils increased at day 7 and declined at day 28, hematocrit and segmented neutrophils decreased at day 7 and normalized at day 28. Interspecies differences over time showed a bigger daily decrease in ablated neutrophils in Pv-infected when compared to Pf. Conclusions. The hematological profile in uncomplicated malaria-positive patients varies over time during and after treatment. These are indicators of disease progression and help in the therapeutic surveillance of Plasmodium-infected patients.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the variation of hematological profiles of patients infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) malaria before, during and after treatment in a population of the Loreto region. Materials and methods. This study was conducted between 2010 and 2012, in Zungarococha (Iquitos). The 425 participants had three visits (visit 1-day 0-before treatment, visit 2-day 7-during treatment, visit 3-day 28-after treatment), complete blood count, microscopic and molecular diagnosis (PCR). Results. At the first visit, 93 (21.9%) participants were found positive for Pv and 34 (8.0%) for Pf. All positives showed a reduction in hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), ablated and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets (p<0.001) compared to the negative group. A higher percentage of ablated neutrophils was found in Pf and segmented neutrophils in Pv compared to the negative group. Variations in hematological profiles were observed after treatment for both species; ablated neutrophils decreased, platelets increased, eosinophils increased at day 7 and declined at day 28, hematocrit and segmented neutrophils decreased at day 7 and normalized at day 28. Interspecies differences over time showed a bigger daily decrease in ablated neutrophils in Pv-infected when compared to Pf. Conclusions. The hematological profile in uncomplicated malaria-positive patients varies over time during and after treatment. These are indicators of disease progression and help in the therapeutic surveillance of Plasmodium-infected patients.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la variación de los perfiles hematológicos antes, durante y después del tratamiento de pacientes infectados con malaria no complicada por Plasmodium vivax (Pv) y P. falciparum (Pf) en una población de la región Loreto. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre 2010 y 2012, en Zungarococha (Iquitos). Los 425 participantes tuvieron tres visitas (visita 1-día 0-antes del tratamiento, visita 2-día 7-durante tratamiento, visita 3-día 28-después del tratamiento), hemograma completo, diagnóstico microscópico y molecular (PCR). Resultados. En la primera visita, se encontraron 93 (21,9%) positivos a Pv y 34 (8,0%) a Pf. Todos los positivos mostraron una reducción en los indicadores hematológicos de hematocrito, recuento de glóbulos blancos (RGB), neutrófilos abastonados y segmentados, eosinófilos y plaquetas (p<0.001) en comparación con el grupo negativo. Se encontró un porcentaje mayor de neutrófilos abastonados en Pf y de neutrófilos segmentados en Pv comparado al grupo negativo. Se observó variaciones en los perfiles hematológicos después del tratamiento para ambas especies, los neutrófilos abastonados disminuyeron, las plaquetas aumentaron, los eosinófilos se incrementaron al día 7 y decaen el día 28, el hematocrito y los neutrófilos segmentados disminuyeron al día 7 y se normalizaron el día 28. Las diferencias entre especies en el tiempo mostraron una disminución diaria de neutrófilos abastonados en infectados con Pv que en Pf. Conclusiones. El perfil hematológico en pacientes positivos a malaria no complicada varía en el tiempo durante y después del tratamiento. Estos son indicadores de la progresión de la enfermedad y ayudan en la vigilancia terapéutica de pacientes infectados con Plasmodium.