ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients. In Brazil, its occurrence in HCT recipients remains undetermined. We now report on HCV prevalence in HCT recipients and its clinical consequences. The medical records of all HCT recipients seen at Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo University Medical School, from January 2010 to January 2020 were reviewed to determine HCV serostatus. A retrospective analysis of medical charts was undertaken on all seropositive cases to determine HCV genotype, presence of liver fibrosis, co-infections with other viruses, previous treatments, and clinical evolution of liver pathology after HCT. Of the 1,293 HCT recipients included in the study, seven (0.54%) were HCV antibody-positive and five (0.39%) were also viremic for HCV-RNA. Four of these individuals had moderate to severe liver fibrosis (METAVIR F2/F3) and one was cirrhotic. Two of the viremic patients developed acute liver dysfunction following transplantation. All patients had their acute episode of liver dysfunction resolved with no further complications. Four of the viremic patients were treated for HCV infection with direct acting agents (DAA). Information regarding HCV treatment was lacking for one of the viremic HCV patients due to loss of follow up. Sustained anti-virologic responses were observed in three cases after the use of DAA. The detection of HCV in hematological adults undergoing HCT and its successful treatment with DAA highlight the necessity of testing for HCV both prior to and following transplantation. (HCV (HCT Brazil undetermined consequences Clinicas School 201 202 serostatus genotype coinfections co infections viruses treatments 1293 1 293 1,29 study 0.54% 054 0 54 (0.54% antibodypositive antibody positive 0.39% 039 39 (0.39% HCVRNA. HCVRNA RNA. RNA HCV-RNA METAVIR F2/F3 F2F3 FF F2 F3 F cirrhotic transplantation complications . (DAA) up antivirologic anti virologic 20 129 29 1,2 0.54 05 5 (0.54 0.39 03 3 (0.39 F2/F F2F (DAA 2 12 1, 0.5 (0.5 0.3 (0.3 0. (0. (0 (

RESUMO Este artigo intenta realizar uma articulação entre a literatura e o cinema através do conceito desenvolvido por Alfredo Bosi no campo literário da resistência como forma de oposição a qualquer tipo de violência e exploração. Para o pensador brasileiro, esse conceito ético é o elo inquebrantável que une o escritor ao seu momento histórico. Em Stromboli terra de Deus (Stromboli terra di Dio, 1949-50) e Francisco arauto de Deus (Francesco giullare di Dio, 1950) Roberto Rossellini se volta para o sagrado para reafirmar as forças da vida num mundo que acabara de sair da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em sua adaptação para o cinema do Evangelho segundo São Mateus (Il Vangelo Secondo Matteo, 1964) Pier Paolo Pasolini se serve do texto das escrituras como instrumento de oposição ao frio capitalismo da técnica, do pensamento utilitário e das formas cada vez mais exacerbadas de consumo. exploração brasileiro histórico Dio 194950 1949 50 1949-50 Francesco 1950 Mundial Il Matteo 1964 técnica consumo 19495 194 5 1949-5 195 196 19 1949- 1

ABSTRACT This article attempts to link literature and cinema through the concept of resistance, developed by Alfredo Bosi in the literary field, as a form of opposition to any type of violence and exploitation. For Bosi, this ethical concept is the unbreakable link that unites a writer to his or her historical moment. In Stromboli land of God (1949-50) and Francis, God’s Jester (1950), Rossellini turns to the sacred to reaffirm the forces of life in a world that had just emerged from the Second World War. In his film adaptation of the Gospel according to Saint Matthew (1964), Pier Paolo Pasolini uses the Scriptures as an instrument of opposition to a form of capitalism based only on technique, on utilitarian thinking and on increasingly exacerbated forms of consumption. resistance field exploitation moment 194950 1949 50 (1949-50 Francis Gods s 1950, 1950 , (1950) War 1964, 1964 (1964) technique consumption 19495 194 5 (1949-5 195 (1950 196 (1964 19 (1949- (195 (196 1 (1949 (19 (194 (1 (

Abstract: Clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC) represents 3% of worldwide overall cancer cases. 14.5% of patients in Latin America are diagnosis with de novo metastatic disease, and about 30% of localized cases present a systemic recurrence. The International Metastatic CCRC Database Consortium classifies patients according to favorable, intermediate, and poor prognosis at the time of diagnosis. Given the biological variability of the disease, treatment strategies go from active surveillance to systemic therapy with immunotherapy-based combinations. In this review, we highlight the criteria to consider in the selection of treatment in advanced CCRC. Furthermore, we highlight recent data arising from clinical trials that led to changes in the treatment paradigm.

Resumen: El cáncer renal de células claras (CRCC) representa el 3% de los casos de cáncer a nivel mundial. En 14.5% de los casos en Latinoamérica se diagnostica como una enfermedad metastásica de novo y aproximadamente 30% de los casos de enfermedad localizada presentarán una recurrencia a distancia. Al momento del diagnóstico, la escala Consorcio Internacional de Cáncer Renal Metastásico clasifica los casos según su pronóstico en favorable, intermedio o pobre. Dada la variabilidad biológica del CRCC, las estrategias de manejo van desde la vigilancia activa, hasta el uso de tratamiento sistémico basado en terapias de combinación con inmunoterapia. En esta revisión destacamos los criterios a considerar para la selección de tratamiento para los casos de CRCC avanzado, al igual que los principales avances a partir de los ensayos clínicos en el manejo de esta neoplasia.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de los herbicidas aplicados secuencial mente para controlar Conyza sumatrensis, una de las malezas más ampliamente distribuidas en todo el mundo, en la pre siembra de soja. El estudio se realizó en condiciones de campo en el estado de Paraná, Brasil, en la campaña 2018-2019. El experimento consistió en un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, con 12 tratamientos compuestos por diferentes mezclas de herbicidas aplicados antes de la siembra. Se evaluó el control de C. sumatrensis, daño a plantas de soya y variables relacionadas con el comportamiento agronómico. Los niveles de control fueron altos para todos los tratamientos, excepto para el que estaba libre de saflufenacil en cualquiera de las dos aplicaciones. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de saflufenacil en el control de C. sumatrensis y son prometedores para el uso de saflufenacil/imazethapyr cuando se considera el sistema y otras malezas. Todos los tratamientos estudiados fueron selectivos a la soja, que mostró mayores valores de daño en presencia de diclosulam; sin embargo, esto no comprometió el comportamiento agronómico de la soja.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sequentially applied herbicides to control Conyza sumatrensis, one of the most widely distributed weeds worldwide, in soybean pre-sowing burndown. The study was conducted under field conditions in the state of Paraná, Brazil, at 2018-2019 growing season. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with four replicates, with 12 treatments consisting of different herbicide mixtures applied before sowing. Control of C. sumatrensis, injury to soybean plants, and variables related to agronomic performance were evaluated. The control levels were high for all treatments, except for the one that was free of saflufenacil in either of the two applications. These results highlight the importance of saflufenacil in the control of C. sumatrensis and show promise for the use of saflufenacil/imazethapyr when considering the system and other weeds. All studied treatments were selective to soybean, which showed higher injury values in the presence of diclosulam; however, this did not compromise the agronomic performance of soybean.

Resumen El objetivo fue determinar si el estrés se constituye como un factor de riesgo en el rendimiento académico del estudiantado universitario durante el periodo de la pandemia de Covid-19 en Puno Perú. El estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo correlacional. El estrés se midió mediante la construcción del índice aditivo de Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) y mediante el análisis factorial de componentes principales a partir de PHQ-9, y el riesgo académico se estimó con el método de regresión probit; la muestra consistió en un grupo de 1046 estudiantes de nivel universitario de tres programas de estudio. Los resultados muestran que el estudiantado que experimenta mayor nivel de estrés se encuentra más propenso a reportar un empeoramiento en sus calificaciones y logros de aprendizaje durante el tiempo de pandemia. Se evidencia que un aumento en una unidad adicional de estrés, aumenta el riesgo de deterioro de rendimiento académico aproximadamente en 3 %.

Abstract The objective was to determine if stress constitutes a risk factor in university students' academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Puno Peru. The study uses a correlational quantitative approach. Stress was measured using the additive index construction of the Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and through the factorial analysis of principal components from PHQ- 9. Furthermore, the academic risk was calculated using the probit regression method; a group of 1046 university students from three study programs were the sample subjects. The results show that students who experience higher levels of stress are more likely to report a decline in their grades and learning achievements during the pandemic. It is evidenced that an increase in an additional unit of stress increases the risk of deterioration in academic performance by approximately 3%.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os resultados radiográficos e comparar a lordose pós-operatória em técnica de artrodese intersomática lombar transforaminal (TLIF, na sigla em inglês), considerando como variável o posicionamento do dispositivo intersomático (cage) em relação ao espaço discal. Métodos Análise retrospectiva radiográfica de pacientes cirúrgicos, em nível único, por doença lombar degenerativa, aplicando-se TLIF e instrumentação pedicular posterior. Os pacientes foram divididos, conforme a posição do cage, em 2 grupos: 1. TLIF-A – cages na posição anterior do espaço discal; e 2. TLIF-P, cages na posição posterior do espaço discal (considerando-se o platô vertebral superior da vértebra inferior incluída na instrumentação, cages que ocuparam a superfície correspondente a 50% anterior da linha média, compuseram o grupo TLIF-A; opostamente, cages em posicionamento posterior compuseram o grupo TLIF-P). Procedeu-se à avaliação dos exames radiográficos ortostáticos em perfil no pré- e pós-operatórios, com a tomada das seguintes medidas: lordose lombar (LL) (ângulo L1–S1); lordose segmentar (LS) (L4–S1) e lordose segmentar do cage (LSC). Resultados Cem pacientes foram incluídos de 2011 a 2018, sendo 44 homens e 46 mulheres, com idade média de 50.5 anos (27–76 anos). Um total de 43 cages foram classificados como “anteriores” (TLIF-A) e 57, “posteriores” (TLIF-P); considerando o grupo TLIF- A, os resultados pós-operatórios médios foram: LL 50.7°, LS 34.9° e LSC 21.6°; para o grupo TLIF-P, comparativamente: LL 42.3° (p< 0,01), LS 30.7° (p< 0,05) e LSC 18.8° (p> 0,05). Conclusão O posicionamento anterior do cage em relação ao espaço discal correlaciona-se a melhora da lordose lombar e segmentar na radiografia em comparação com o posicionamento posterior do implante.

Abstract Objective The present study evaluates radiographic outcomes and the lumbar lordosis achieved with a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) arthrodesis technique according to the positioning of an interbody device (cage) in the disc space. Methods This is a retrospective radiographic analysis of single-level surgical patients with degenerative lumbar disease submitted to a TLIF procedure and posterior pedicle instrumentation. We divided patients into two groups according to cage positioning. For the TLIF-A group, the cages were anterior to the disc space; for the TLIF-P group, cages were posterior to the disc space. Considering the superior vertebral plateau of the lower vertebra included in the instrumentation, cages occupying a surface equal to the anterior 50% of the midline were placed in the TLIF-A group, and those in a posterior position were placed in the TLIF-P group. We assessed pre- and postoperative orthostatic lateral radiographs to obtain the following measures: lumbar lordosis (LL) (angle L1–S1), segmental lordosis (LS) (L4–S1), and segmental lordosis of the cage (SLC). Results The present study included 100 patients from 2011 to 2018; 44 were males, and 46 were females. Their mean age was 50.5 years old (range, 27 to 76 years old). In total, 43 cages were “anterior” (TLIF-A) and 57 were “posterior” (TLIF-P). After surgery, the mean findings for the TLIF-A group were the following: LL, 50.7°, SL 34.9°, and SLC 21.6°; in comparison, the findings for the TLIF-P group were the following: LL, 42.3° (p< 0.01), SL 30.7° (p< 0.05), and SLC 18.8° (p> 0.05). Conclusion Cage positioning anterior to the disc space improved lumbar and segmental lordosis on radiographs compared with a posterior placement.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between the threat of preterm birth and its risk factors in pregnant women treated at a referral hospital in Peru during the covid-19 pandemic, with emphasis on urinary tract infection. An unpaired case-control type design was carried out, with a representative sample including 92 cases and 92 controls selected by simple random probabilistic sampling. A logistic regression model was carried out for urinary tract infection and threat of preterm birth for calculating the Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals. An association was reported for the threat of preterm birth with the variables: elderly pregnant woman 3.159 (95% CI 1.66 - 6.02), less than six prenatal controls 3.9 (95% CI 2.084 - 7.298), parity 0.353 (95% CI 0.180 - 0.691), history of preterm birth 2843 (95% CI 1253-5639) and urinary tract infection 2843 (95% CI 1253-5639). It is concluded that urinary tract infection is associated with the threat of preterm birth in pregnant women treated in a Peruvian reference hospital.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre la amenaza de parto pretermino y sus factores de riesgo en gestantes atendidas en un hospital de referencia del Perú durante la pandemia covid-19, con énfasis en la infección de tracto urinario. Se realizó un diseño de tipo casos y controles no emparejado, con una muestra representativa, con un tamaño muestral de 92 casos y 92 controles por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple, se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para la infección de tracto urinario y la amenaza de parto pretermino para el cálculo del Odds Ratio e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se reportó una asociación para la amenaza de parto pretermino con las variables gestante añosa 3.159 (IC95% 1.66 - 6.02), menos de seis controles prenatales 3.9 (IC95% 2.084 - 7.298), paridad 0.353 (IC95% 0.180 - 0.691), antecedente de parto pretermino 2.843 (IC95% 1.253 - 5.639) e infección de tracto urinario 2.843 (IC95% 1.253 - 5.639). Se concluye que la infección de tracto urinario se asocia a la amenaza de parto pretermino en gestantes atendidas en un hospital de referencia peruano.

Resumen Se evaluó la concentración de elementos químicos esenciales del musculo axial de las truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) colectadas en dos provincias: Puno y Huancané, ubicadas al noreste del lago Titicaca. Para la caracterización química se empleó el método de Espectrometría de Absorción Atómica (ICP-OES), bajo el protocolo 7003 EPA 200.7. Los elementos químicos esenciales que se encontraron en el musculo axial de las truchas colectadas en la provincia de Puno fueron: Zn (15,00±0,95 mg/kg); Se (1,26±0,37 mg/kg); Al (2,03±0,23 mg/kg); Ca (513,33±112,40 mg/kg); Na (1733,33±152,75 mg/kg); Mg (496,00±35,12 mg/kg); K (11333,33±1154,70 mg/kg); Mn (0,07±0,02 mg/kg) y P (5066,67±251,66 mg/kg), mientras que la concentración de elementos esenciales en las muestras del musculo axial de las truchas colectadas en la provincia de Huancané fueron: Zn (14,30±3,48 mg/kg); Se (1,27±0,34 mg/kg); Al (0,76±0,15 mg/kg); Ca (663,33±170,10 mg/kg); Na (1733,33±513,16 mg/kg); Mg (586,67±15,28 mg/kg); K (11000,00±0,00 mg/kg); Mn (0,16±0,06 mg/kg) y P (5300,00±264,58mg/kg) estos no superan los límites máximos permisibles, por lo que constituyen una fuente importante de proteínas, además de los dos ácidos grasos omega-3 esenciales conocidos como DHA (ácido docosahexaenoico) y EPA (ácido eicosapentaenoico) y vitaminas, por lo que las truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de las zonas evaluadas, fueron aptas para el consumo humano, debido a que no superan los límites máximos permisibles de los elementos químicos analizados.

Abstract The concentration of essential chemical elements of the axial muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected in two provinces: Puno and Huancané, located northeast of Lake Titicaca, was evaluated. For the chemical characterization, the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method was used, under protocol 7003 EPA 200.7. The essential chemical elements found in the axial muscle of the trout collected in the province of Puno are: Zn (15.00 ± 0.95 mg / kg); Se (1.26 ± 0.37 mg / kg); Al (2.03 ± 0.23 mg / kg); Ca (513.33 ± 112.40 mg / kg); Na (1733.33 ± 152.75 mg / kg); Mg (496.00 ± 35.12 mg / kg); K (11333.33 ± 1154.70 mg / kg); Mn (0.07 ± 0.02 mg / kg) and P (5066.67 ± 251.66 mg / kg), while the concentration of essential elements in the axial muscle samples of the trout collected in the province of Huancané they are: Zn (14.30 ± 3.48 mg / kg); Se (1.27 ± 0.34 mg / kg); Al (0.76 ± 0.15 mg / kg); Ca (663.33 ± 170.10 mg / kg); Na (1733.33 ± 513.16 mg / kg); Mg (586.67 ± 15.28 mg / kg); K (11000.00 ± 0.00 mg / kg); Mn (0.16 ± 0.06 mg / kg) and P (5300.00 ± 264.58mg / kg) these do not exceed the maximum permissible limits, so they constitute an important source of protein, in addition to the two fatty acids Essential omega-3s known as DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and vitamins, so that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the evaluated areas are suitable for human consumption, because they do not exceed the maximum limits permissible levels of the chemical elements analyzed.

Abstract The state of Chiapas is the second largest cacao producer in Mexico; however, agricultural yields are low, and in many regions, there are limits related to edaphoclimatic factors. Therefore, the research aimed to identify edaphoclimatic areas that meet the requirements of cacao, based on achieving a higher yield in the state of Chiapas. The methodology used was founded and designed as a simplified form of the general methodology of FAO and based on methodological proposals made in coffee and cacao cultivation in other countries, with specific adaptations to the specific conditions and existing information of Chiapas. The edaphoclimatic conditions characterizing four categories of zoning (optimal, medium optimal, acceptable and unsuitable), represented on maps at 1:100 000 scale, were determined. A total area of 1 549 804.4 ha with different productive potentials was identified, representing 20.08% of the total area of the state and distributed in 59 municipalities. Of these, 34 have no history of cultivation, indicating the possibilities of exploring new areas for it. Extreme temperatures (low and high) and the physical properties of the soil were the main limiting factors for cacao development and occupy the largest unsuitable area of the state. From a practical point of view, the results are a tool for making decisions on a wide scale for the establishment of cacao cultivation in Chiapas.

Resumen El estado de Chiapas es el segundo productor de cacao en México; sin embargo, los rendimientos agrícolas son bajos y en muchas regiones existen limitantes relacionadas con factores edafoclimáticos. Por ello, la investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar zonas edafoclimáticas que respondan a los requerimientos del cacao, en función de alcanzar un mayor rendimiento en el estado de Chiapas. La metodología utilizada se fundamentó y diseñó como una forma simplificada de la metodología general de la FAO y a partir de las propuestas metodológicas realizadas en los cultivos de café y cacao en otros países, con adecuaciones específicas a las condiciones particulares e información existente de Chiapas. Se determinaron las condiciones edafoclimáticas que caracterizan cuatro categorías de zonificación (óptima, medianamente óptima, aceptable y no apta) representadas en mapas a escala 1:100 000. Se identificó una superficie total de 1 549 804.4 ha con diferentes potenciales productivos, que representa 20.08% la superficie total del estado y distribuida en 59 municipios. De ellos 34 no tienen antecedentes del cultivo, lo que indica las posibilidades de explorar nuevas áreas para el mismo. Las temperaturas extremas (bajas y altas) y las propiedades físicas del suelo constituyeron los principales factores limitantes para el desarrollo del cacao y ocupan la mayor superficie no apta del estado. Desde el punto de vista práctico, los resultados constituyen una herramienta para la toma de decisiones en una amplia escala para el establecimiento del cultivo del cacao en Chiapas.

ABSTRACT Dairy cattle breeding in the high Andean regions is limited due to the hypoxic environment, which may affect embryonic survival. The present study aimed to determine late embryonic mortality (EM) (28-, 35and 42-days post-service) and its association with the number of calvings (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, >5) and milk yield (at 60 and 90 days) in Brown Swiss, Holstein and crossbred cows, under a semi-intensive rearing system at grazing in the Mantaro Valley (3300 meters above sea level). The overall late EM was 7% (14/203). An association was found between the number of calvings and the presentation of EM (r = 0.8), as well as between milk yield and EM (r = 0.9). The late ME in the cows of the Mantaro valley can be considered as low, and there would be a very close relationship with the factors of breed and parity.

RESUMEN La crianza de ganado lechero en las regiones altoandinas se encuentra limitada por el medio ambiente hipóxico, que puede afectar la supervivencia embrionaria. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la mortalidad embrionaria (ME) tardía (28, 35 y 42 días pos-servicio) y su asociación con el número de partos (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, >5 partos) y la producción láctea (60 y 90 días) en vacas Brown Swiss, Holstein y cruzadas, bajo un sistema de crianza semi-intensiva al pastoreo en el Valle del Mantaro a 3300 msnm. La ME tardía general fue de 7% (14/203). Se encontró una asociación entre el número de partos y la presentación de ME (r=0.8), así como entre la producción láctea y la ME (r=0.9). La ME tardía en las vacas del valle del Mantaro puede considerarse como baja, y existiría una relación muy estrecha con los factores raza y número de partos.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a lesão hepática e a expressão sanguínea do gene estimulado por interferon 15 (ISG15) durante a sinalização embrionária, no reconhecimento materno da gestação, em bovinos de corte apresentando ingestão natural de Senecio spp. Fatores epidemiológicos, como a presença da planta, associados à atividade da gama glutamil transferase (GGT) podem ser utilizados como diagnóstico da intoxicação por Senecio spp. O reconhecimento materno da gestação ocorre quando o embrião secreta interferon tau (IFNT) para sinalizar sua presença à mãe. Em nosso estudo, a lesão hepática foi determinada pela concentração sérica de GGT, pelos exames citológicos e histopatológicos. O estado reprodutivo foi avaliado pela concentração de progesterona, diâmetro de corpo lúteo (CL) e expressão de mRNA ISG15 no Dia 19 após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). As vacas foram separadas em dois grupos com base na concentração de GGT sanguíneo: Grupo 1 (GGT<30U/L) e Grupo 2 (GGT>31U/L). Não foi observada nenhuma diferença no escore de condição corporal entre os grupos. Na citologia e nos exames histopatológicos todas as vacas apresentaram lesão hepática. As vacas do Grupo 1 apresentaram maior taxa de prenhez, maior diâmetro do CL e maior concentração de progesterona. Diferente do esperado, a expressão do mRNA ISG15 não foi diferente entre os Grupos 1 e 2, mesmo apresentando diferença na taxa de prenhez. Esses achados sugerem perda embrionária após o Ddia 19. Isso demonstra que a mortalidade embrionária tardia pode estar associada à insuficiência hepática. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a lesão hepática e/ou concentração de GGT não altera a expressão de ISG15 nos neutrófilos sanguíneos, porém vacas com menor concentração de GGT (<30U/L) apresentaram maiores taxas de prenhez. Assim, a concentração de GGT nos permite avaliar a saúde hepática e prever uma gestação bem-sucedida em bovinos de corte.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess liver damage and interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) blood expression as a consequence of embryonic signaling on maternal recognition of pregnancy in beef cattle presenting natural ingestion of Senecio spp. Epidemiological aspects, as the presence of the plant, associated to gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity can be used as Senecio spp. poisoning diagnosis. Maternal recognition of pregnancy period occurs when the embryo secretes interferon tau (IFNT) to signal its presence to the mother and eventually extend corpus luteum (CL) lifespan. In our study, liver damage was determined by concentration serum GGT, cytological and histopathological examinations. Reproductive status was evaluated by concentration of progesterone, CL diameter and ISG15 mRNA expression on Day 19 following fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Cows were categorized into two groups based on concentration of GGT: Group 1 (GGT<30U/L) and 2 (GGT>31U/L). No difference on body condition scores was observed. All the cows presented liver damage based on cytology and histopathological exams. Cows from the Group 1 had higher pregnancy rate, presenting larger CL diameter and greater concentration of progesterone. Interestingly, ISG15 mRNA expression had no difference between Groups 1 and 2, even presenting difference in pregnancy status. These findings suggest embryonic loss beyond Day 19. It suggests late embryonic mortality may be associated to liver insufficiency. In conclusion, liver injury and/or concentration of GGT does not alter ISG15 expression on blood neutrophils, however cows presenting lower concentration of GGT (<30U/L) had increased pregnancy status. Therefore, the concentration of GGT allow us to screen liver status and foresee a successful pregnancy in beef cattle.

ABSTRACT Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cells are certainly an important therapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory hematologic malignancies. Currently, there are five CAR-T cell products approved by the FDA but several research groups and/or biopharmaceutical companies are encouraged to develop new products based on CAR cells using T or other cell types. Production of CAR cells requires intensive work from the basic, pre-clinical to translational levels, aiming to overcome technical difficulties and failure in the production. At least five key common steps are needed for the manipulation of T-lymphocytes (or other cells), such as: cell type selection, activation, gene delivery, cell expansion and final product formulation. However, reproducible manufacturing of high-quality clinical-grade CAR cell products is still required to apply this technology to a greater number of patients. This chapter will discuss the present and future development of new CAR designs that are safer and more effective to improve this therapy, achieving more selective killing of malignant cells and less toxicity to be applied in the clinical setting.

RESUMEN Las mezclas entre herbicidas, el uso de múltiples sitios de acción y otras prácticas de manejo de malezas son necesarias para evitar otros casos de resistencia de biotipos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de imazapic/imazapyr y otros herbicidas en mezclas para controlar Digitaria insularis en la desecación antes de la siembra de soya. Esta investigación de campo se realizó en Umuarama, Estado de Paraná (PR), Brasil, en la cosecha de soya de 2018/19. El experimento se realizó en un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y 11 tratamientos, compuestos por la aplicación de glifosato, cletodim, haloxifop, imazapic/imazapir, glufosinato, ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), dicamba, triclopir y saflufenacil, en mezclas. Se evaluó el control de malezas, así como el daño y el rendimiento de la soya. Se realizaron un análisis de varianza y test F, y se compararon las medias de los tratamientos con el test de Scott-Knott. Todos los tratamientos mostraron un gran control sobre la maleza y una baja tasa de daño a los cultivos mientras se mantenía el rendimiento de la soya. La aplicación de imazapic/imazapir en mezclas con otros herbicidas fue eficaz en el control de D. insularis resistente al glifosato, en desecación antes de la siembra de soya y con aplicación secuencial de haloxifop + glifosato en la etapa V3 de la soya. Este manejo químico también fue selectivo para la soya.

ABSTRACT Herbicide mixtures, use of multiple sites of action, and other weed management practices are necessary to avoid cases of biotype resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of imazapic/imazapyr and other herbicides in mixtures to control Digitaria insularis at burndown before soybean sowing. This field research was conducted in Umuarama, State of Parana (PR), Brazil, in the 2018/19 soybean season. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design with four replicates and 11 treatments composed of the application of glyphosate, clethodim, haloxyfop, imazapic/ imazapyr, glufosinate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba, triclopyr, and saflufenacil, in mixtures. Weed control was evaluated as well as soybean injury and yield. An analysis of variance and F-test were performed, and the treatment means were compared by the Scott-Knott test. All treatments showed great control over the weed and low crop injury rate while maintaining soybean yield. The application of imazapic/ imazapyr in mixtures with other herbicides was effective in controlling glyphosate-resistant D. insularis in burndown before soybean sowing and with sequential application of haloxyfop + glyphosate at V3 stage of soybean. This chemical management was also selective for soybean.