O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a experiência de cárie entre escolares indígenas (Naporunas) e escolares não-indígenas (colonizadores recentes de origem étnica variada) com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, residentes na bacia amazônica do Equador. Os dados transversais foram obtidos a partir de 1.449 exames clínicos realizados de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Nove (7,6%) crianças indígenas e 3 (4,5%) crianças não-indígenas não tiveram experiência de cárie na dentição decídua aos 6 anos. O valor médio do ceo-d (SD) entre os escolares indígenas e não-indígenas com idade de 6 anos foi de 6,40 (3,36) e 8,36 (3,93), respectivamente. Sessenta e quatro (54,2%) escolares indígenas e 29 (43,3%) escolares não-indígenas não tiveram experiência de cárie nos primeiros molares permanentes aos 6 anos. Apenas 7 (6,26%) entre as crianças indígenas e 2 (2,6%) entre as não-indígenas não apresentaram cárie aos 12 anos. Os valores médios de CPO-D para os escolares aos 12 anos foram de 4,47 (2,85) entre os escolares indígenas e 5,25 (2,89) entre os escolares não-indígenas. As restaurações foram praticamente ausentes. A incidência de cárie foi alta nos dois grupos, com predominância de lesões não tratadas em todas as idades. Os dados referentes aos escolares indígenas sugerem a adoção de uma alimentação não tradicional. Torna-se necessária uma resposta adequada de saúde oral, baseada principalmente na prevenção e promoção de saúde.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the caries experience among 6-12-year-old indigenous (Naporunas) and non-indigenous (recent settlers of mixed ethnic origin) schoolchildren, living in the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,449 clinical exams according to the World Health Organization criteria. Nine (7.6%) indigenous and 3 (4.5%) non-indigenous children had no caries experience in their primary dentition at the age of 6. The mean dmft value (SD) among indigenous and non-indigenous children aged 6 was 6.40 (3.36) and 8.36 (3.93), respectively. Sixty-four (54.2%) indigenous and 29 (43.3%) non-indigenous children had no caries experience in their permanent first molars at the age of 6. Only 7 (6.26%) indigenous and 2 (2.60%) non-indigenous children were caries-free at the age of 12. The mean DMFT values (SD) for 12-year-olds were 4.47 (2.85) among indigenous and 5.25 (2.89) among non-indigenous children. Fillings were almost non existent. Caries rates were high among both groups, with untreated carious lesions predominating in all ages. The data of indigenous children suggest adoption of a non-traditional diet. An appropriate oral health response based primarily on prevention and health promotion is needed.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of anemia in rural school-age children in the Amazon region of Ecuador. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study during May to October 2000 in two cantons of the province of Orellana, in northeastern Ecuador, involving 626 children from 17 schools. Demographic and anthropometric data (weight and height) were collected, values for hemoglobin and for zinc erythrocyte protoporphyrin were determined, and feces samples were analyzed to check for infestation by parasites. RESULTS: The general prevalence of anemia was 16.6% among the schoolchildren; of the affected children, 75.5% of them had iron-deficiency anemia. The prevalence of moderate chronic undernutrition was 28.8% and that of serious chronic undernutrition was 9.3%. There was also a prevalence of moderate acute undernutrition of 8.4% and of severe acute undernutrition of 3.4%. Parasitic infections were very frequent (82.0%). The most common parasites were Entamoeba coli (30.3%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (25.0%). There were no relationships between the prevalence of either anemia or of iron-deficiency anemia and any of the indicators of nutrition or of parasitic infection. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is not a serious public health problem in the population studied. Nevertheless, the high prevalence of chronic undernutrition among the children points to the need to improve their diets. The lack of association between the prevalence of undernutrition and anemia could be due to low iron bioavailability or absorption rather than insufficient intake. Studies are needed to evaluate the customary diet of this population.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de anemia en niños campesinos de edad escolar en la región amazónica de Ecuador. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal durante los meses de mayo a octubre de 2000 en dos cantones de la provincia de Orellana, al noreste de Ecuador. Se eligieron 17 escuelas aleatoriamente hasta completar el tamaño muestral deseado, que fue de 626 niños. Se recogieron los datos demográficos y antropométricos (peso y talla); se determinaron los valores de hemoglobina y de protoporfirina eritrocitaria, y se analizaron muestras de heces en busca de infestación por parásitos. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia general de anemia fue de 16,6% y de los escolares afectados, 75,5% tenían anemia por déficit de hierro. La prevalencia de desnutrición crónica moderada fue de 28,8% y la de desnutrición crónica grave, de 9,3%. Asimismo, se encontró una prevalencia de desnutrición aguda moderada de 8,4% y de desnutrición aguda grave de 3,4%. Las infecciones parasitarias fueron muy frecuentes (82,0%). Los parásitos más comunes fueron Entamoeba coli (30,3%) y Ascaris lumbricoides (25,0%). No se encontró ninguna relación entre la prevalencia de anemia y anemia por déficit de hierro por un lado, y los indicadores nutricionales o de infección parasitaria por el otro. CONCLUSIÓN: La anemia no es un problema grave de salud pública en la población estudiada. No obstante, la elevada prevalencia de niños con desnutrición crónica apunta a la necesidad de mejorar las características de la dieta. La falta de asociación entre la prevalencia de desnutrición y la anemia podría deberse a una baja biodisponibilidad o absorción de hierro, más que a una ingestión insuficiente. Se necesitan estudios que evalúen el tipo de dieta consumida habitualmente por esta población.