ABSTRACT Introduction. The lack of research in Health Administration and Management (AyGS) training, along with the need to improve residency programs, motivated this study. Objective. We described the availability of offered positions and curriculum plans for AyGS residency programs in Peru. Methods. Descriptive observational study. We reviewed the number of positions offered and awarded between 2013 and 2022 on the National Medical Residency Council (CONAREME) website. Additionally, we analyzed curriculum plans updated to 2022, identifying minimum achievements per academic year and comparing them with CONAREME standards. Results. Between 2013 and 2022, nine universities offered the AyGS residency program, with six located in Lima. The allocation of open vacancies showed a higher trend, reaching 100% in four of the ten years analyzed, while the highest allocation percentage for captive positions was 78%. Regarding the curriculum plans, six of the eight available in 2022 provided information on minimum achievements and described the courses that residents must take. Conclusion. There were no changes in the total number of positions offered for the AyGS program. Three universities in Lima concentrate more than 50% of the program offerings. The curriculum plans show similarities across the universities offering the program.

RESUMEN Introducción. La escasez de investigación en la formación en Administración y Gestión en Salud (AyGS), junto con la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de residencia, fundamentó este estudio. Objetivo. Describir la oferta de vacantes y los planes curriculares del residentado en AyGS en Perú. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisó el número de plazas ofertadas y adjudicadas entre 2013 y 2022 en la web del Consejo Nacional de Residentado Médico (CONAREME). Además, se analizaron los planes curriculares actualizados al 2022, identificando los logros mínimos por año académico y comparándolos con los estándares aprobados por CONAREME. Resultados. Entre 2013 y 2022, se identificaron nueve universidades que ofrecieron el programa de residentado en AyGS, seis de ellas ubicadas en Lima. La adjudicación de plazas libres mostró una tendencia mayor, alcanzando el 100% en cuatro de los diez años analizados, mientras que el porcentaje máximo de adjudicación para plazas cautivas fue de 78%. En cuanto a los planes curriculares, seis de los ocho disponibles en 2022 incluían información sobre logros mínimos, y describieron los cursos que deben llevar los residentes. Conclusión. No se observaron cambios en el número total de vacantes ofertadas para el programa en AyGS. Tres universidades en Lima concentran más del 50% de la oferta del programa. Los planes curriculares muestran similitudes entre las universidades que lo ofrecen.

Abstract: Wildlife holds an important role within the Amazon biome. However, wildlife identification and documentation methods in the Amazonian wilderness pose considerable challenges for fauna biology and ecology professionals. This complexity arises from the demand for specialized expertise and the substantial investment of time required. This challenge is compounded by the remarkable resemblance between various animal species. In this study, we delve into the feasibility of diverse iterations of the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm in order to detect wildlife species in the Peruvian Amazon. Our assessment covers a spectrum of YOLO versions, including YOLOv5x6, YOLOv5l6, YOLOv7-W6, YOLOv7-E6, YOLOv8I, and YOLOv8x. To empower our models, we embarked on a training journey using a dataset comprising 653 images thoughtfully collected from reputable sources in ecology and tourism marketing. This dataset encompasses six species: Ara ararauna, Ara chloropterus, Ara macao, Opisthocomus hoazin, Pteronura brasiliensis, and Saimiri sciureus. Our efforts show the efficiency of the YOLOv5l6 model, which stands out prominently in all metrics evaluated. This model achieves a Precision rate of 86.1%; Recall of 84.7%, F1-Score measuring 85.39%, and mean Average Precision (mAP) of 88.1%. Noteworthy is the fact that this model also boasts the swiftest training time among its counterparts, with a total 30.71 minutes. These findings offer promising prospects for refining our understanding of Amazonian wildlife species and establishing proactive measures to safeguard those that face potential vulnerability or endangerment. The YOLO algorithm's capabilities underscore the confluence of technology and ecological conservation, providing optimism for the preservation of the Amazon's intricate biodiversity.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater from hospitals in Peru. Materials and methods. Water samples were collected from the effluents of nine hospitals in Peru during March and September 2022. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by using Illumina sequencing. Variant, lineage and clade assignments were carried out using the Illumina and Nextclado tools. We verified whether the SARS-CoV-2 variants obtained from wastewater were similar to those reported by the National Institute of Health of Peru from patients during the same period and region. Results. Eighteen of the 20 hospital wastewater samples (90%) provided sequences of sufficient quality to be classified as the Omicron variant according to the WHO classification. Among them, six (30%) were assigned by Nextclade to clades 21K lineage BA.1.1 (n=1), 21L lineage BA.2 (n=2), and 22B lineages BA.5.1 (n=2) and BA .5.5 (n=1). Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 variants were found in hospital wastewater samples and were similar to those reported by the surveillance system in patients during the same weeks and geographic areas. Wastewater monitoring could provide information on the environmental and temporal variation of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar la presencia del virus SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales de hospitales en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de agua en los efluentes de nueve hospitales del Perú durante marzo y septiembre de 2022 y se realizó la identificación de SARS-CoV-2 mediante secuenciación Illumina. Las asignaciones de variantes, linajes y clados se llevaron a cabo con las herramientas Illumina y Nextclado. Verificamos si las variantes de SARS-CoV-2 obtenida de las aguas residuales fueron similares a las reportadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Perú procedentes de pacientes durante el mismo período y región. Resultados. Dieciocho de las 20 muestras de aguas residuales hospitalarias (90%) proporcionaron secuencias con la calidad suficiente para ser clasificadas como variante Ómicron según la clasificación de la OMS. Entre ellos, seis (30%) fueron asignados por Nextclade a los clados 21K linaje BA.1.1 (n=1), 21 L linaje BA.2 (n=2) y 22B linajes BA.5.1 (n=2) y BA.5.5 (n=1). Conclusiones. Se encontraron variantes del SARS-CoV-2 en muestras de aguas residuales hospitalarias y que fueron similares a las reportadas por el sistema de vigilancia en pacientes durante las mismas semanas y áreas geográficas. El monitoreo de aguas residuales podría proporcionar información sobre la variación ambiental y temporal de virus como el SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT Single nucleotide polymorphisms are variations of a single nucleotide base pair and can be associated to phenotypic characteristics. This study aimed to determine the association of CAPN1 and CAST gene polymorphisms with the tenderness of Creole cattle meat from the Amazonas region, Peru. The texture profile (adhesiveness, cohesiveness, Warner-Bratzler shear force, elasticity, gumminess, and chewiness) of 100 animals was determined in 100 g of Longissimus dorsi et lumborum muscle. Allelic frequencies, genotypic frequencies, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of calpain (CAPN-316, CAPN-530) and calpastatin (CAST-2959) gene polymorphisms were studied. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated, as well as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with the Chi-square test. The texture profile of each group of samples corresponding to a polymorphism was compared with the Duncan’s test and the t-test for independent samples (p < 0.05). Genotypic frequencies were 78 % GG and 22 % CC for CAPN-316; 68 % GG, 5 % GA, and 27 % AA for CAPN-530; and 74 % AA, 18 % AG, and 8 % GG for CAST-2959. The CAPN-316, CAPN-530, and CAST-2959 polymorphisms were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CC genotype of CAPN-316 marker influences meat tenderness on day 21 of meat aging. In contrast, the GG genotype of CAST-2959 marker affects meat tenderness at days 14 and 21 of meat aging concerning the other genotypes. characteristics CAPN region Peru adhesiveness, adhesiveness (adhesiveness cohesiveness WarnerBratzler Warner Bratzler force elasticity gumminess chewiness 10 muscle HardyWeinberg Hardy Weinberg HWE (HWE CAPN316, CAPN316 316, 316 (CAPN-316 CAPN530 530 CAPN-530 CAST2959 2959 (CAST-2959 studied calculated Chisquare Chi square Duncans Duncan s ttest t p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 7 2 6 GA 1 AG CAST2959. 2959. CAPN530, 530, CAST-295 CAPN-31 contrast genotypes CAPN31 31 (CAPN-31 CAPN53 53 CAPN-53 CAST295 295 (CAST-295 00 0.0 CAST-29 CAPN-3 CAPN3 3 (CAPN-3 CAPN5 CAPN-5 CAST29 29 (CAST-29 0. CAST-2 CAPN- (CAPN- CAST2 (CAST-2 CAST- (CAPN (CAST- (CAST

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater from hospitals in Peru. Materials and methods. Water samples were collected from the effluents of nine hospitals in Peru during March and September 2022. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by using Illumina sequencing. Variant, lineage and clade assignments were carried out using the Illumina and Nextclado tools. We verified whether the SARS-CoV-2 variants obtained from wastewater were similar to those reported by the National Institute of Health of Peru from patients during the same period and region. Results. Eighteen of the 20 hospital wastewater samples (90%) provided sequences of sufficient quality to be classified as the Omicron variant according to the WHO classification. Among them, six (30%) were assigned by Nextclade to clades 21K lineage BA.1.1 (n=1), 21L lineage BA.2 (n=2), and 22B lineages BA.5.1 (n=2) and BA .5.5 (n=1). Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 variants were found in hospital wastewater samples and were similar to those reported by the surveillance system in patients during the same weeks and geographic areas. Wastewater monitoring could provide information on the environmental and temporal variation of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar la presencia del virus SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales de hospitales en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de agua en los efluentes de nueve hospitales del Perú durante marzo y septiembre de 2022 y se realizó la identificación de SARS-CoV-2 mediante secuenciación Illumina. Las asignaciones de variantes, linajes y clados se llevaron a cabo con las herramientas Illumina y Nextclado. Verificamos si las variantes de SARS-CoV-2 obtenida de las aguas residuales fueron similares a las reportadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Perú procedentes de pacientes durante el mismo período y región. Resultados. Dieciocho de las 20 muestras de aguas residuales hospitalarias (90%) proporcionaron secuencias con la calidad suficiente para ser clasificadas como variante Ómicron según la clasificación de la OMS. Entre ellos, seis (30%) fueron asignados por Nextclade a los clados 21K linaje BA.1.1 (n=1), 21 L linaje BA.2 (n=2) y 22B linajes BA.5.1 (n=2) y BA.5.5 (n=1). Conclusiones. Se encontraron variantes del SARS-CoV-2 en muestras de aguas residuales hospitalarias y que fueron similares a las reportadas por el sistema de vigilancia en pacientes durante las mismas semanas y áreas geográficas. El monitoreo de aguas residuales podría proporcionar información sobre la variación ambiental y temporal de virus como el SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente o efeito da posição prona na intubação endotraqueal e na mortalidade em pacientes com COVID-19 não intubados com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Métodos: Registramos o protocolo (CRD42021286711) e pesquisamos quatro bancos de dados e literatura cinzenta desde o início até 31 de dezembro de 2022. Incluímos estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos. Não houve limite de data ou idioma de publicação. Excluímos relatos de casos, séries de casos, estudos não disponíveis em texto completo e estudos que incluíram pacientes < 18 anos de idade. Resultados: Incluímos 10 estudos observacionais, 8 ensaios clínicos, 3.969 pacientes, 1.120 eventos de intubação endotraqueal e 843 mortes. Todos os estudos tinham baixo risco de viés (ferramentas Newcastle-Ottawa Scale e Risk of Bias 2). Observamos que a pronação consciente reduziu as chances de intubação endotraqueal em 44% (RC 0,56; IC95% 0,40 - 0,78) e a mortalidade em 43% (RC 0,57; IC95% 0,39 - 0,84) em pacientes com COVID-19 não intubados com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Esse efeito protetor sobre a intubação endotraqueal e a mortalidade foi mais robusto naqueles que passaram > 8 horas por dia na pronação consciente (RC 0,43; IC95% 0,26 - 0,72 e OR 0,38; IC95% 0,24 - 0,60, respectivamente). A certeza da evidência, de acordo com os critérios GRADE, foi moderada. Conclusão: A pronação consciente diminuiu as chances de intubação endotraqueal e mortalidade, especialmente quando os pacientes passaram > 8 horas por dia na pronação consciente e tratamento na unidade de terapia intensiva. Contudo, nossos resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela devido às limitações na avaliação de ensaios clínicos randomizados, ensaios clínicos não randomizados e estudos observacionais. Não obstante, apesar das revisões sistemáticas com metanálises de ensaios clínicos randomizados, devemos ter em mente que esses estudos permanecem heterogêneos do ponto de vista clínico e metodológico. Objetivo COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 agudo Métodos CRD42021286711 CRD (CRD42021286711 3 2022 publicação casos 1 idade Resultados 3969 969 3.96 1120 120 1.12 84 mortes ferramentas NewcastleOttawa Newcastle Ottawa 2. 2 . 2) 44 RC 0,56 056 0 56 IC95 IC 040 40 0,4 0,78 078 78 43 0,57 057 57 039 39 0,3 0,84 084 0,43 043 026 26 0,2 072 72 0,7 0,38 038 38 024 24 060 60 0,60 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) evidência GRADE moderada Conclusão intensiva Contudo obstante metodológico COVID1 COVID- CRD4202128671 (CRD4202128671 202 396 96 3.9 112 12 1.1 4 0,5 05 5 IC9 04 0, 07 7 03 0,8 08 02 06 6 0,6 CRD420212867 (CRD420212867 20 9 3. 11 1. CRD42021286 (CRD42021286 CRD4202128 (CRD4202128 CRD420212 (CRD420212 CRD42021 (CRD42021 CRD4202 (CRD4202 CRD420 (CRD420 CRD42 (CRD42 CRD4 (CRD4 (CRD

ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review the effect of the prone position on endotracheal intubation and mortality in nonintubated COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods: We registered the protocol (CRD42021286711) and searched for four databases and gray literature from inception to December 31, 2022. We included observational studies and clinical trials. There was no limit by date or the language of publication. We excluded case reports, case series, studies not available in full text, and those studies that included children < 18-years-old. Results: We included ten observational studies, eight clinical trials, 3,969 patients, 1,120 endotracheal intubation events, and 843 deaths. All of the studies had a low risk of bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Risk of Bias 2 tools). We found that the conscious prone position decreased the odds of endotracheal intubation by 44% (OR 0.56; 95%CI 0.40 - 0.78) and mortality by 43% (OR 0.57; 95%CI 0.39 - 0.84) in nonintubated COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. This protective effect on endotracheal intubation and mortality was more robust in those who spent > 8 hours/day in the conscious prone position (OR 0.43; 95%CI 0.26 - 0.72 and OR 0.38; 95%CI 0.24 - 0.60, respectively). The certainty of the evidence according to the GRADE criteria was moderate. Conclusion: The conscious prone position decreased the odds of endotracheal intubation and mortality, especially when patients spent over 8 hours/day in the conscious prone position and treatment in the intensive care unit. However, our results should be cautiously interpreted due to limitations in evaluating randomized clinical trials, nonrandomized clinical trials and observational studies. However, despite systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials, we must keep in mind that these studies remain heterogeneous from a clinical and methodological point of view. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 syndrome Methods CRD42021286711 CRD (CRD42021286711 31 2022 publication reports series text 18yearsold. 18yearsold yearsold 18 years old. old 18-years-old Results 3969 3 969 3,96 1120 1 120 1,12 events 84 deaths NewcastleOttawa Newcastle Ottawa tools. tools . tools) 44 0.56 056 0 56 95CI CI 95 040 40 0.4 0.78 078 78 43 0.57 057 57 039 39 0.3 0.84 084 hoursday hours day 0.43 043 026 26 0.2 072 72 0.7 0.38 038 38 024 24 060 60 0.60 respectively. respectively respectively) moderate Conclusion unit However metaanalyses meta analyses view COVID1 COVID- CRD4202128671 (CRD4202128671 202 396 96 3,9 112 12 1,1 4 0.5 05 5 9 04 0. 07 7 03 0.8 08 02 06 6 0.6 CRD420212867 (CRD420212867 20 3, 11 1, CRD42021286 (CRD42021286 CRD4202128 (CRD4202128 CRD420212 (CRD420212 CRD42021 (CRD42021 CRD4202 (CRD4202 CRD420 (CRD420 CRD42 (CRD42 CRD4 (CRD4 (CRD

ABSTRACT Ore from the Yarusyacán District was analyzed in this research study, revealing the presence of sphalerite type 2, with a particle size ranging from 35 to 150 microns. Other species found included quartz, pyrite, pyrrhotite, calcium and potassium silicates, calcium carbonates, galena, chalcopyrite, and iron hydroxides. Based on the mineralogical characterization, laboratory tests were conducted that showed that dosing a secondary collector known as cuprocyanide can control the recovery and quality of the zinc concentrates in the third cleaning feed. Results showed that a 35 g/t dosage of cuprocyanide recovered 73.80% of zinc, whereas a 50 g/t dosage recovered only 52.94%. This demonstrated that both zinc grade and recovery increase when cuprocyanide is dosed in greater quantities; however, the excess of this reagent tends to decrease said values.

RESUMEN En este trabajo de investigación, se analizó un mineral de la zona de Yarusyacán, cuya mineralogía reveló la presencia de esfalerita tipo 2 con una granulometría de 35 a 150 micras, además de especies como cuarzo, pirita, pirrotita, silicatos de calcio y potasio, carbonatos cálcicos, galena, calcopirita e hidróxidos y óxidos de hierro. Sobre la base de la caracterización mineralógica, se realizaron pruebas a nivel de laboratorio que demostraron que la recuperación y la calidad de los concentrados de zinc pueden ser controladas a partir de la dosificación de un colector secundario, cuprocianuro, en la alimentación de la tercera limpieza. Los resultados de las pruebas demostraron que la dosificación de 35 g/t recuperó el 73.80% de Zn; en cambio, la dosificación de 50 g/t recuperó solo el 52.94%. De esta manera, quedó demostrado que tanto la ley como la recuperación de zinc aumentan cuando se dosifica cuprocianuro en mayor cantidad; sin embargo, el exceso de este reactivo tiende a disminuir estos valores.

Abstract Anticancer therapy often leads to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and infertility due to the extreme sensitivity of the ovarian follicle reserve to the effects of chemotherapy. Withanolides are known for their cytotoxic effect on cancer cells and low cytotoxicity on non-malignant or healthy cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the in vivo effects of three withanolides derivatives: 27-dehydroxy-24,25-epoxywithaferin A (WT1), 27-dehydroxywithaferin A (WT2), and withaferin A (WTA) on fertility, and the ovarian preantral follicles of young female mice. To achieve this, mice received 7 intraperitoneal doses of WT1, WT2, or WTA at a concentration of 2 mg/kg (Experiment I) and 5 or 10 mg/kg (Experiment II) over 15 alternate days. In experiment I, two days after administration of the last dose, half of the mice were mated to evaluate the effects of withanolides on fertility. The other half of the mice, as well as all mice from experiment II, were sacrificed for histological, inflammation, senescence, and immunohistochemical analyses of the follicles present in the ovary. Regardless of the administered withanolide, the concentration of 2 mg/kg did not show toxicity on the follicular morphology, ovarian function, or fertility of the mice. However, at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/kg, the three derivatives (WT1, WT2, and WTA) increased follicular activation, cell proliferation, and ovarian senescence without affecting inflammatory cells. Furthermore, at a concentration of 10 mg/kg, the three withanolides showed intensified toxic effects, leading to DNA damage as evidenced by the labeling of γH2AX, activated Caspase 3, and TUNEL. We conclude that the cytotoxic effect of the tested withanolide derivatives (WT1, WT2, and WTA) in the concentration of 2 mg/kg did not show toxicity on the ovary. However, in higher concentrations, such as 10 mg/kg, toxic effects are potentiated, causing DNA damage. POI (POI chemotherapy nonmalignant non malignant Therefore 27dehydroxy24,25epoxywithaferin 27dehydroxy2425epoxywithaferin dehydroxyepoxywithaferin 27 dehydroxy 24,25 epoxywithaferin 24 25 WT1 WT , (WT1) 27dehydroxywithaferin dehydroxywithaferin WT2 (WT2) (WTA mgkg mg kg Experiment I 1 II dose histological inflammation ovary morphology function However (WT1 activation proliferation Furthermore γH2AX γHAX γH AX 3 TUNEL potentiated 27dehydroxy24 25epoxywithaferin 2425 24,2 (WT2 (WT 27dehydroxy2 242 24, 27dehydroxy

Abstract Recently, interest in studying pigments from lichens has been aroused due to their bioactive properties and health benefits. The Geolashon (Teloschistes flavicans) is a thousand-year-old lichen from the Peruvian Andes characterized by its yellow filaments, traditionally used by the Peruvian inhabitants as a natural pigment for making handicrafts and medicinal purposes. In this sense, this article aims to compile all the studies on Geolashon as a source of natural yellow pigments, starting from its importance and applications by the Andean population to research on obtaining, characterizing, and properties of its extracts. Although studies on this lichen are limited, it was observed that the obtained from lichen are rich in 3-[1’-(2”,3”-dihydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-7-hydroxy- chroman-4-one, vicanicin, parietin, other compounds and has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antileukemic, antimicrobial, anticancer and termiticide activity that would be interesting for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries, generating added value in the final product. Aspects such as processing, functional properties, and toxicology of the bioactive components of Geolashon must be studied for its correct use.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution and abundance of the only species of freshwater sponge from Lake Titicaca, Balliviaspongia wirrmanni, in the Titicaca National Reserve (RNT). The evaluations were carried out in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Titicaca, through the random application of quadrats of one m2. In each individual cattail (Schoenoplectus tatora) present in each quadrat, the presence of sponges was evaluated to perform the count. The results were contrasted according to time periods and study areas. Average sponge counts were higher in the RNT zone, with 485 sponges, and lower in the Puno - Capachica zone, with 47 sponges (P < 0.001), with uniform and contagious Morisita dispersion indices, respectively. The abundance was higher in the RNT area with 43.35%, in the months of July and August. The obtained data suggest that sponges prevail in remote areas free of anthropic action and decrease in the proximity of towns and cities because different anthropic activities would be affecting their growth and development in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Titicaca.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la distribución espacial y abundancia de la única especie de esponja dulceacuícola del lago Titicaca, Balliviaspongia wirrmanni, en la Reserva Nacional del Titicaca (RNT). Las evaluaciones se realizaron en el ecosistema acuático del lago Titicaca, mediante la aplicación aleatoria de cuadrantes de un m2. En cada individuo de totora (Schoenoplectus tatora) presente en cada cuadrante se evaluó la presencia de esponjas para realizar el recuento. Los resultados fueron contrastados según periodos de tiempo y zonas de estudio. Los recuentos promedios de esponjas fueron mayores en la zona de la RNT, con 485 esponjas, y menores en la zona de Puno - Capachica, con 47 esponjas (P < 0.001), con índices de dispersión de Morisita uniforme y contagiosa, respectivamente. La abundancia fue mayor en el área de la RNT con el 43.35%, en los meses de julio y agosto. Los datos obtenidos sugieren que las esponjas prevalecen en zonas alejadas y libres de acción antrópica y disminuyen en las proximidades de los pueblos y ciudades, en razón de que diferentes actividades antrópicas estarían afectando su crecimiento y desarrollo en el ecosistema acuático del lago Titicaca.

Abstract This study aimed to verify the impact of high-fat diet consumption for a prolonged period on oxidative stress, fetal growth, umbilical vascular system, and placental structures in pregnant goats. Twenty-two pregnant goats were grouped into the control diet (n= 11) and fat diet (n = 11). Flaxseed meal was added to the fat diet, replacing the corn grain of concentrate, from gestational day 100 to delivery date. Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, differing in fat content (2.8% vs. 6.3% dry matter). The fat group showed higher feed intake and total plasma lipid levels than the control group (P < 0.001). No difference was found in placentome, and umbilical vascular development. Fat diet-fed goats exhibited a lower systolic peak in the umbilical artery. At delivery, placental traits were similar with the exception of the cotyledon width (P = 0.0075), which was smaller in the fat group and cotyledon surface (P = 0.0047) for multiple pregnancy of fat diet. Cotyledonary epithelium showed more intense staining of lipid droplets and a greater area for lipofuscin staining in the fat group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The mean live weight of the kids was lower in the fat group in the first week after delivery than in control group. Thus, in goats, the continuous administration of a high-fat diet during pregnancy does not appear to modify the fetal-maternal vascular structures but has an impact on a part of the placental structure; therefore, its use must be carefully evaluated. highfat high stress growth system Twentytwo Twenty two n= n 11 11. . concentrate 10 date isoenergetic 2.8% 28 2 8 (2.8 vs 63 6 3 6.3 matter. matter matter) P 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) placentome development dietfed fed artery 0.0075, 00075 0.0075 , 0075 0.0075) 0.0047 00047 0047 Thus fetalmaternal maternal structure therefore evaluated 1 2.8 (2. 6. 000 0.00 00 0007 0.007 007 0.004 0004 004 2. (2 0.0 ( 0.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do GDF-9 durante o cultivo in vitro de folículos antrais iniciais caprinos isolados. Os folículos antrais iniciais isolados e selecionados foram cultivados individualmente por 18 dias, e os seguintes tratamentos foram testados: α MEM+ (tratamento controle) ou α-MEM+ suplementado com 200 ng/mL de GDF-9 (tratamento GDF-9). Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: crescimento e morfologia folicular, produção de estradiol, maturação nuclear do oócito e expressão relativa de genes-chave relacionados a esteroidogênese (CYP19A1, CYP17 e receptor de insulina) e remodelamento da membrana basal (MMP-9 e TIMP-2). Em ambos os tratamentos, observou-se diminuição na porcentagem de folículos morfologicamente intactos com aumento concomitante nas taxas de folículos extrusos e degenerados (P < 0,05). O tratamento GDF-9 apresentou maiores taxas de folículos extrusos apenas no 6º dia de cultivo (P < 0,05). O diâmetro do folículo aumentou progressivamente ao longo do período de cultivo (P < 0,05) com diâmetros semelhantes entre os tratamentos em todos os tempos de cultivo (P > 0,05). O GDF-9 aumentou a taxa de crescimento diário do primeiro para o segundo terço de cultivo, sendo maior (P < 0,05) que o controle no segundo terço. A taxa de maturação oocitária assim como os níveis de estradiol e a expressão relativa de RNAm para os genes CYP19A1, CYP17, MMP-9, TIMP-2 e receptor de insulina foram similares entre os tratamentos (P > 0,05). Em conclusão, este estudo mostra pela primeira vez que GDF-9 adicionado a um meio de cultivo aumentou a taxa de crescimento de folículos antrais iniciais caprinos cultivados in vitro. GDF9 GDF 9 GDF- 1 dias testados MEM αMEM+ αMEM α-MEM 20 ngmL ng mL GDF9. . GDF-9) avaliados folicular geneschave chave CYP19A1 CYPA CYP (CYP19A1 CYP1 MMP9 MMP (MMP- TIMP2. TIMP2 TIMP 2 TIMP-2) observouse observou se P 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 º MMP9, 9, MMP-9 TIMP- conclusão CYP19A (CYP19A (MMP 00 0,0 MMP- 0,

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) during the in vitro culture of isolated caprine early antral follicles. The isolated and selected early antral follicles were individually cultured for 18 days, and the following treatments were tested: α-MEM+ (control treatment) or α-MEM+ supplemented with 200 ng/mL GDF-9. The following endpoints were evaluated: follicular growth and morphology, estradiol production, oocyte nuclear maturation, and relative expression of key genes related to steroidogenesis (CYP19A1, CYP17, and insulin receptor) and basement membrane remodeling (MMP-9 and TIMP-2). In both treatments, a decrease was observed in the percentage of morphologically intact follicles with a concomitant increase in the rates of extruded and degenerated follicles (P < 0.05). The GDF-9 treatment showed higher rates of extruded follicles only on day 6 of culture (P < 0.05). Follicle diameter increased progressively throughout the culture period (P < 0.05) with similar diameters between treatments at all culture times (P > 0.05). Growth and differentiation factor 9 increased the daily growth rate from the first to the second third of culture, with higher values (P < 0.05) than control in the second third. Oocyte maturation rate as well as estradiol levels and relative mRNA expression for CYP19A1, CYP17, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and insulin receptor genes were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). This study shows for the first time that GDF-9 added to a culture medium increased the follicle growth rate of goat early antral follicles cultured in vitro. GDF9 GDF (GDF-9 1 days tested αMEM+ αMEM α MEM+ MEM α-MEM 20 ngmL ng mL GDF9. 9. evaluated morphology production CYP19A1 CYPA CYP A (CYP19A1 CYP17 MMP9 MMP (MMP- TIMP2. TIMP2 TIMP 2 . TIMP-2) P 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 GDF- MMP9, 9, MMP-9 TIMP2, 2, TIMP-2 (GDF- CYP19A (CYP19A CYP1 (MMP 00 0.0 MMP- TIMP- (GDF 0.

Resumen La acromegalia es una enfermedad rara, causada principalmente por un tumor hipofisiario secretor de hormona de crecimiento (GH), se caracteriza por tener progresión lenta y asociarse a un compromiso multisistémico, siendo el aparato cardiovascular uno de los más comprometidos, llegando, incluso, desde hace más de 10 años a representar la principal causa de muerte. Las complicaciones cardiovasculares se desarrollan como resultado de las concentraciones sanguíneas elevadas de la GH y del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina tipo 1 (IGF-1), los cuales ejercen efectos directos e indirectos sobre el endotelio, grandes vasos, riñón y los cardiomiocitos; produciendo hipertensión arterial, enfermedad valvular, arritmia cardiaca y una cardiopatía propia de la acromegalia denominada miocardiopatía acromegálica. Luego de la revisión bibliográfica actualizada relacionada con la fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento del compromiso cardiovascular, encontramos que desde el punto de vista cardiovascular los pacientes con acromegalia pueden variar desde un estado asintomático hasta presentar disfunción cardiaca severa, siendo los marcadores bioquímicos y exámenes de imagen herramientas diagnósticas que permiten evaluar el grado de afección cardiovascular para poder brindar un tratamiento individualizado. La normalización de los valores de la GH y del IGF-1 mejora los parámetros cardiovasculares y, por tanto, su pronóstico.

Abstract Acromegaly is a rare disease, mainly caused by a pituitary tumor secreting growth hormone. It is characterized by slow progression and is associated with a multisystemic involvement, being the cardiovascular system, one of the most involved, even reaching, more than 10 years ago, to represent the main cause of death. Cardiovascular complications develop as a result of elevated blood concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, which exert direct and indirect effects on the endothelium, large vessels, kidney and cardiomyocytes; causing arterial hypertension, valve disease, cardiac arrhythmia and a specific heart disease called acromegalic cardiomyopathy. After the literature overview related to the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular involvement, we found that from a cardiovascular point of view, patients with acromegaly can range from an asymptomatic state to severe cardiac dysfunction, being the biochemical markers and imaging studies diagnostic tools that allow assessment the degree of cardiovascular disease in order to provide individualized treatment. The normalization of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels improves cardiovascular parameters, and therefore its prognosis.

ABSTRACT The present study was quantitative, interventional, with a quasi-experimental design and aimed to increase reading comprehension in students of the V Cycle of the I.E. N° 50171 "Divine Master of Choquecancha", in Cusco in 2016, through the application of metacognitive strategies in the teaching processes. The study population was 92 students and the sample of 40 students, distributed in the experimental group (20) and the control group (20), the type of sampling was convenience. For data collection, the observation technique was used, and the instruments were validated by expert judgment. They were applied before and after the implementation of metacognitive strategies, to both groups. The pre and posttest consisted of the application of the parallel forms of the Reading Comprehension Test of Progressive Linguistic Complexity. Based on the results obtained in the research, it was possible to affirm that the application of metacognitive strategies was fully effective in improving reading comprehension in students, thus empirically demonstrating the hypothesis raised in the research.

RESUMEN El presente estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, de intervención, con diseño cuasi experimental y tuvo como objetivo incrementar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de V Ciclo de la I.E. N° 50171 “Divino Maestro de Choquecancha”, en el Cusco en el año 2016, a través de la aplicación de estrategias metacognitivas en los procesos de enseñanza. La población de estudio fue de 92 estudiantes y la muestra de 40 estudiantes, distribuidos en el grupo experimental (20) y el de control (20), el tipo de muestreo fue por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos se hizo uso de la técnica de observación y los instrumentos fueron validados por juicio de expertos. Se aplicaron antes y después de la implementación de estrategias metacognitivas, a ambos grupos. El pre y pos-test consistió en la aplicación de las formas paralelas del Test prueba de comprensión lectora de Complejidad Lingüística Progresiva. Tomando como base los resultados obtenidos en la investigación se pudo afirmar que la aplicación de estrategias metacognitivas resultó de plena efectividad para mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes, con lo que se demostró empíricamente la hipótesis planteada en la investigación.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la producción científica sobre estudios psicométricos de instrumentos de tamizaje para la depresión en población peruana. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la literatura científica en Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO, con descriptores para depresión, propiedades psicométricas y Perú. Luego del proceso de revisión se incluyeron 22 estudios. Se encontraron validaciones de instrumentos de tamizaje en adultos mayores, adultos, adultos con depresión, mujeres adultas, mujeres embarazadas, profesionales de salud, estudiantes universitarios, estudiantes de secundaria y niños. El Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) fue el instrumento más estudiado. A pesar de que los estudios psicométricos cubren la mayoría de las poblaciones, quedan pendientes los pueblos originarios y poblaciones clínicas. El PHQ-9, por sus características, podría implementarse en las políticas de salud mental del Perú.

ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to describe the scientific output of psychometric studies on screening instruments for depression in the Peruvian population. We carried out a descriptive study of the scientific literature in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and SciELO, with descriptors for depression, psychometric properties, and Peru. After the review process, we included 22 studies. We found validations of screening instruments for older adults, adults, adults with depression, adult women, pregnant women, health professionals, university students, high school students and children. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was the most widely used instrument. Psychometric studies cover most populations; however, native people and clinical populations remain to be studied. The PHQ-9, due to its characteristics, could be implemented in mental health policies in Peru.