ABSTRACT Agroecological management is considered a model of sustainable agriculture that offers social, environmental and economic benefits. The hypotheses of this study were that agroecological production systems can promote changes in the physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with aggregates of different origins, and that the greater diversity of plant species in the production system may favour an increase in the carbon concentration of these aggregates. The aim of this study was to a) determine the mass of the free light fraction (FLF), intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) and light organic matter fraction (LOM) of biogenic and physiogenic soil aggregates; and b) quantify the organic carbon content of the three light SOM fractions and the residual particulate SOM fraction. Five production systems were evaluated: AgF - Agroforestry system; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee grown in shade; FLE - Flemingia grown in alleys; and NT - No-tillage. The aggregates were separated, identified and classified according to their origin or formation pathway into biogenic (formed by biological processes) or physiogenic aggregates (resulting from chemical and physical actions). From these, the mass and carbon content of the FLF, ILF, LOM and residual particulate fractions were quantified. The greater diversity of plant species found in the AgF system has not yet favoured an increase in the carbon content of the aggregates. The longer set-up time and the management practices of the CSun system has led to an increase in the carbon content of the organic fractions of the aggregates (3.44-1.63 g kg-1 for C-LOM; 1.93-1.13 g kg-1 for C-FLF). The lowest overall mean values for LOM and ILF were found mainly in the aggregates of the NT system (1.22-1.67 and 1.55-2.20 g kg-1, respectively), being associated with the shorter time and greater mobilisation of the arable layer. Biogenic aggregation afforded the highest overall mean values for LOM, and increased the mass of the light fractions (15.5%-27.8% for FLF; 23.4%-8.0% for ILF) and the carbon in the C-LOM, C-FLF and residual particulate fractions (42.3%, 12.9%, and 35.0%, respectively) in the surface layer, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. social benefits (SOM origins FLF , (FLF) intraaggregate intra aggregate (ILF (LOM b evaluated sun shade alleys Notillage. Notillage No tillage. tillage No-tillage separated formed processes resulting actions. actions . actions) quantified setup set up 3.441.63 344163 3.44 1.63 3 44 1 63 (3.44-1.6 kg1 kg kg- CLOM C C-LOM 1.931.13 193113 1.93 1.13 93 13 1.93-1.1 CFLF. CFLF C-FLF) 1.221.67 122167 1.22 1.67 22 67 (1.22-1.6 1.552.20 155220 1.55 2.20 55 2 20 1.55-2.2 kg1, 1, respectively, respectively layer 15.5%27.8% 155278 15.5% 27.8% 15 5 27 8 (15.5%-27.8 23.4%8.0% 23480 23.4% 8.0% 23 4 0 23.4%-8.0 CLOM, 42.3%, 423 42 (42.3% 129 12 9 12.9% 350 35 35.0% quality (FLF 441 3.441.6 34416 344 3.4 163 1.6 6 (3.44-1. 931 1.931.1 19311 193 1.9 113 1.1 1.93-1. 221 1.221.6 12216 122 1.2 167 (1.22-1. 552 1.552.2 15522 155 1.5 220 2.2 1.55-2. 15.5%27.8 15527 15.5 278 27.8 (15.5%-27. 23.4%8.0 2348 234 23.4 80 8.0 23.4%-8. 42.3% (42.3 12.9 35.0 3.441. 3441 34 3. 16 1. (3.44-1 1.931. 1931 19 11 1.93-1 1.221. 1221 (1.22-1 1.552. 1552 2. 1.55-2 15.5%27. 15. 27. (15.5%-27 23.4%8. 23. 8. 23.4%-8 42.3 (42. 12. 35. 3.441 (3.44- 1.931 1.93- 1.221 (1.22- 1.552 1.55- 15.5%27 (15.5%-2 23.4%8 23.4%- 42. (42 (3.44 (1.22 15.5%2 (15.5%- (4 (3.4 (1.2 (15.5% ( (3. (1. (15.5 (3 (1 (15. (15

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and changes in lipoprotein. Literature data suggest that cholesterol associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) plays a protective role against albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy. These factors are related with changes in serum apolipoproteins such Apo A-I. This work aims to evaluate the correlation of apolipoprotein A-I with renal function in diabetic outpatients. Samples were collected from 281 outpatients for analyses of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (SCr), urea (BUN), cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urinary samples were obtained to assess urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was calculated to estimate insulin resistance. The mean age was 61,5 ± 16,4 years. Most patients were female, Afro-Mestizo and over 50 years of age. Pearson's revealed negative correlation of creatinine with HDLc and Apo A-I. There was a correlation of eGFR with HbA1c, TG and HDLc. TyG presented a negative correlation with Apo A-I and HDLc. The highest quartiles of UACR presented the highest TyG and the lowest Apo A-I. In conclusion, Apo A-I indicated an association with insulin resistance and changes in renal function parameters, especially as a factor associated with the onset of albuminuria, with a better predictive potential than the HDLc. DM (DM CKD (CKD highdensity high density (HDLc nephropathy AI. AI A I. I 28 HbA1c HbAc , HbA c (HbA1c) SCr, SCr (SCr) BUN, BUN (BUN) TC, TC (TC) TG, (TG) HDLcholesterol HDL eGFR. . (eGFR) UACR. (UACR) Triglycerideglucose Triglyceride glucose (TyG 615 61 5 61, 164 16 4 16, female AfroMestizo Afro Mestizo Pearsons Pearson s conclusion parameters 2 (HbA1c (SCr (BUN (TC (TG (eGFR (UACR 6 1

Resumo: Objetivo Análise do comportamento predatório do microeucarioto ciliado Frontonia leucas (Ehrenberg, 1833) em cinco corpos aquáticos do sudoeste da Bahia, região semiárida brasileira. Métodos As amostras de água foram coletadas em cinco corpos aquáticos do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil, sendo três lóticos e dois lênticos. Os indivíduos foram analisados in vivo com auxílio de microscópio óptico com câmera fotográfica acoplada, totalizando 20 horas de observação. Durante a coleta das amostras foram registradas as seguintes variáveis físico-químicas: sólidos totais dissolvidos, transparência da água, pH, condutividade elétrica e temperatura da água. Resultados Foi observada a ingestão de 18 tipos de alimentos por F. leucas distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: i) Amoebozoa: (7 taxa), ii) Bacillariophyta (2 taxa), iii) Ciliophora (1 taxa), iv) Zygnematophyceae (5 taxa) e v) Rotifera: (3 taxa), e incluem 13 taxa aqui registrados pela primeira vez, sendo cinco espécies de amebas testadas dos gêneros Cylindrifflugia, Difflugia e Netzelia, um gênero de ciliado Vorticella, quatro gêneros de microalgas sendo três desmidias (Micrasterias, Pleurotaenium e Cosmarium) e uma filamentosa Zygnematophyceae (Spirogyra) e três taxa de micrometazoários Rotifera (Lecane e Bdelloidea). O tamanho dos itens alimentares variou de 50 a 1100 µm de comprimento, sendo muitos deles maiores que o próprio ciliado. Conclusões Os resultados revelam a plasticidade alimentar de F. leucas em condições naturais, alimentando-se de protistas, microalgas e até mesmo pequenos animais, podendo assim ser considerado como onívoro, tendo importante contribuição para o controle de populações em ecossistemas límnicos. Resumo Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg (Ehrenberg 1833 Bahia brasileira Brasil lênticos acoplada 2 observação físicoquímicas físico químicas físico-químicas dissolvidos pH 1 F grupos i Amoebozoa 7 ( taxa, , ii iii iv 5 v 3 vez Cylindrifflugia Netzelia Vorticella Micrasterias, Micrasterias (Micrasterias Cosmarium Spirogyra (Spirogyra Lecane Bdelloidea. Bdelloidea . Bdelloidea) 110 comprimento naturais alimentandose alimentando se protistas animais onívoro límnicos 183 11

Abstract: Aim To investigate the predatory behavior of the ciliated microeukaryote Frontonia leucas (Ehrenberg, 1833) in aquatic environments in the semiarid region of Brazil. Methods Water samples were collected in three lotic and two lentic aquatic sites in southwestern Bahia State, Brazil. Individuals of Frontonia leucas were observed and recorded in vivo for a total of 20 hours using an optical microscope with an attached camera. The following physical-chemical variables were recorded during sample collection: total dissolved solids, water transparency, pH, electrical conductivity, and water temperature. Results The ingestion of 18 food types were observed – i) Amoebozoa (7 taxa), ii) Bacillariophyta (2 taxa), iii) Ciliophora (1 taxa), iv) Zygnematophyceae (5 taxa), and v) Rotifera: (3 taxa). Thirteen food items were recorded here for the first time (5 species of testate amoebas from the genera Cylindrifflugia, Difflugia, and Netzelia, one genus of the ciliate Vorticella, four genera of microalgae, three desmids [Micrasterias, Pleurotaenium, and Cosmarium], one filamentous Zygnematophyceae [Spirogyra], and three micrometazoans taxa Rotifera [Lecane, and Bdelloidea]. The size of the food items ranged from 50 to 1100 µm in length, with many of them larger than the ciliate predator itself. Conclusions The results indicate F. leucas as an omnivorous predator that can contribute to population control in aquatic ecosystems. Abstract Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg (Ehrenberg 1833 Brazil State 2 camera physicalchemical physical chemical collection solids transparency pH conductivity temperature 1 i 7 ( taxa, , taxa) ii iii iv 5 v 3 taxa. . Cylindrifflugia Difflugia Netzelia Vorticella microalgae Micrasterias, Micrasterias [Micrasterias Pleurotaenium Cosmarium, Cosmarium Cosmarium] Spirogyra, Spirogyra [Spirogyra] Lecane, Lecane [Lecane Bdelloidea. Bdelloidea Bdelloidea] 110 length itself F ecosystems 183 [Spirogyra 11

Abstract Changes in lipoprotein metabolism are among the main causes of hemodynamic impairment in renal function. COVID-19 is an multisystemic inflammatory disease, aggravating this situation. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship of serum lipoprotein profile with inflammatory parameters and renal function in 95 COVID-19 outpatients in comparison with 173 with flu-like symptoms. Serum samples were collected for the determination of total cholesterol and fractions, apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and Apo B), urea (sUr) and creatinine (sCr). The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios were calculated as inflammatory parameters derived from the blood tests. COVID-19 patients presented lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (47.90 ± 1.543 vs. 51.40 ± 0.992) and higher PLR (190.9 ± 9.410 vs. 137.6 ± 5.534) and NLR (3.40 ± 0.22 vs. 2.80 ± 0.15). Both NLR and PLR correlated with each other (r = 0.639). Furthermore, the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio was correlated with PLR (r = 0.5818) and eGFR (r = -0.2630). COVID-19 patients classified as at high risk of developing acute myocardial infarction based on the Apo B/ Apo A-I ratio had higher values for sUr/sCr. Thus, serum apolipoproteins, PLR, and NLR could be related to renal dysfunction in COVID-19. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 disease situation crosssectional cross sectional 9 17 flulike flu like symptoms fractions AI A I B, B , B) sUr (sUr sCr. sCr . (sCr) (eGFR Neutrophillymphocyte Neutrophil lymphocyte (NLR plateletlymphocyte platelet (PLR tests highdensity density HDLc HDL c (HDL-c 47.90 4790 47 90 (47.9 1543 1 543 1.54 vs 5140 51 40 51.4 0.992 0992 0 992 190.9 1909 190 (190. 9410 410 9.41 1376 137 6 137. 5.534 5534 5 534 3.40 340 3 (3.4 022 22 0.2 280 2 80 2.8 0.15. 015 0.15 15 0.15) r 0.639. 0639 0.639 639 0.639) Furthermore BApo 0.5818 05818 5818 0.2630. 02630 0.2630 2630 -0.2630) sUrsCr sUr/sCr Thus COVID19. 19. COVID1 COVID- (sCr 47.9 479 4 (47. 154 54 1.5 514 51. 0.99 099 99 190. (190 941 41 9.4 13 5.53 553 53 3.4 34 (3. 02 0. 28 8 2. 01 0.1 063 0.63 63 0.581 0581 581 0263 0.263 263 -0.2630 47. (47 1. 0.9 09 (19 94 9. 5.5 55 3. (3 06 0.6 0.58 058 58 026 0.26 26 -0.263 (4 (1 5. ( 0.5 05 -0.26 -0.2 -0. -0 -

Abstract Obesity and dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, and death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances, polyphenols such as tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of tyramine. Oral toxicity evaluation, models of dyslipidemia and obesity were used. To induce dyslipidemia, Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and obesity model, specific diet and oral tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407 administration, tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in liver, increased superoxide dismutase, reduced the diet-induced dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%. Tyramine reduced body mass, glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed. Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL). Tyramine increased adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion, tyramine has low toxicity in rodents, has antioxidant effect, reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in rodents and non-rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of tyramine.

Resumo: O melão é uma olerícola de importância alimentícia e nutricional, cujo cultivo vem crescendo mundialmente. Em função disso, investimentos em tecnologias serão necessários, especialmente no tocante à qualidade de sementes utilizadas no estabelecimento de novas áreas. Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência do Sistema de Análise Automatizada do Vigor de Sementes (Vigor-S) na avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de melão. Utilizou-se oito lotes de sementes, quatro do híbrido Supreme e quatro do Premier. O potencial fisiológico das sementes foi avaliado por meio de testes já indicados para a análise da qualidade de sementes da cultura do melão, juntamente a análise de imagens pelo software Vigor-S, que englobou as análises de plântulas dos testes de germinação e envelhecimento acelerado em solução saturada de NaCl. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os resultados indicaram eficiência do Vigor-S, sobretudo quando este foi utilizado juntamente ao teste de envelhecimento acelerado em solução saturada de NaCl, com resultados semelhantes aos obtidos nos testes de vigor tradicionais. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que a Análise Automatizada do Vigor de Sementes (Vigor-S) se mostrou eficiente na avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de melão.

Abstract: Melon is a vegetable crop of food and nutritional importance whose cultivation is growing worldwide. In this sense, investments in technologies are necessary, especially regarding the quality of seeds used in the establishment of new areas. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the Automated Seed Vigor Analysis System (Vigor-S) in the evaluation of the physiological potential of melon seeds. Eight seed lots (four lots of the hybrid Supreme and four of the hybrid Premier) were used. The physiological potential of the seeds was evaluated through tests indicated for analyzing the quality of melon seeds associated with the image analysis by using the software Vigor-S, which included the analysis of seedlings from the germination test and accelerated aging in saturated NaCl solution. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with five replications. The results indicated the effectiveness of Vigor-S, especially when it was used associated with the accelerated aging test in saturated NaCl solution, with results similar to those obtained in traditional vigor tests. Thus, the Automated Seed Vigor Analysis System (Vigor-S) was effective in evaluating the physiological potential of melon seeds.

ABSTRACT Bromelia laciniosa, popularly known as ‘macambira’, is a plant found mainly in dry areas of northeast Brazil. This species belongs to the Family Bromeliaceae, whose propagation has been hindered by seed dormancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical scarification in the germination of B. laciniosa seeds at two maturation stages, by immersing them in acetone or alcohol for 30, 60 or 90 minutes. Immersing B. laciniosa seeds in acetone (58%) for 90 minutes proved to be an effective method to overcome dormancy. Seeds from mature fruits showed higher germination values.

RESUMEN Bromelia laciniosa, conocida popularmente como “macambira”, es una planta encontrada principalmente en áreas secas del Nordeste brasileño. Esta especie pertenece a la familia Bromeliaceae, cuyo fenómeno del adormecimiento en semillas ha dificultado su propagación. En el presente estudio se evaluó la eficiencia de la escarificación química en la germinación de semillas de B. laciniosa, en dos estados de maduración, utilizando acetona y alcohol por 30, 60 y 90 minutos de inmersión de las semillas. La inmersión de las semillas de B. laciniosa en acetona (58%) por 90 minutos se constituye en un eficiente método para la superación del adormecimiento. Las semillas oriundas de frutos maduros proporcionan mayores valores de germinación.

Resumo A água é essencial para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de um território e, também, para sobrevivência do ser humano. A escassez hídrica causa impactos diretos e indiretos sobre o ambiente, a economia e a saúde humana, podendo alterar o perfil de morbidade e mortalidade das doenças, além de impactar a oferta de serviços públicos essenciais à qualidade de vida. Este estudo visa contextualizar a ocorrência de estiagem e seca no Brasil, os efeitos à saúde humana, bem como ações a serem desenvolvidas pelo setor saúde para reduzir o risco de exposição da população das áreas atingidas, com ênfase nas ações de vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, com base documental. Foram pesquisados documentos elaborados com base em iniciativas da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde até 2014. Considera-se necessário fortalecer a capacidade de atuação do Sistema Único de Saúde para o desenvolvimento de respostas oportunas para a redução do risco à saúde da população.

Abstract Water is essential for the socio-economic development of a region and also for the survival of human beings. Water scarcity has direct and indirect impacts on the environment, the economy and human health. It can change the profile of morbidity and mortality of diseases, as well as having an impact on the supply of services that are essential public to the quality of life. This study aims to contextualize the occurrence of drought in Brazil, its effects on human health, as well as actions to be developed by the health sector to reduce the risk to those living in affected areas, with an emphasis on the monitoring of the quality of drinking water. This is a descriptive, qualitative study with a documental basis. The documents that were researched were related to initiatives by the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health up until 2014. It is necessary to strengthen the performance capacity of the Unified Health System (SUS) in order to develop timely responses to reduce the risk to public health.

Resumo A água é essencial para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de um território e, também, para sobrevivência do ser humano. A escassez hídrica causa impactos diretos e indiretos sobre o ambiente, a economia e a saúde humana, podendo alterar o perfil de morbidade e mortalidade das doenças, além de impactar a oferta de serviços públicos essenciais à qualidade de vida. Este estudo visa contextualizar a ocorrência de estiagem e seca no Brasil, os efeitos à saúde humana, bem como ações a serem desenvolvidas pelo setor saúde para reduzir o risco de exposição da população das áreas atingidas, com ênfase nas ações de vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, com base documental. Foram pesquisados documentos elaborados com base em iniciativas da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde até 2014. Considera-se necessário fortalecer a capacidade de atuação do Sistema Único de Saúde para o desenvolvimento de respostas oportunas para a redução do risco à saúde da população.

Abstract Water is essential for the socio-economic development of a region and also for the survival of human beings. Water scarcity has direct and indirect impacts on the environment, the economy and human health. It can change the profile of morbidity and mortality of diseases, as well as having an impact on the supply of services that are essential public to the quality of life. This study aims to contextualize the occurrence of drought in Brazil, its effects on human health, as well as actions to be developed by the health sector to reduce the risk to those living in affected areas, with an emphasis on the monitoring of the quality of drinking water. This is a descriptive, qualitative study with a documental basis. The documents that were researched were related to initiatives by the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health up until 2014. It is necessary to strengthen the performance capacity of the Unified Health System (SUS) in order to develop timely responses to reduce the risk to public health.