Abstract The natural durability of wood is defined as its intrinsic ability to resist degradation caused by biotic and abiotic factors. There are few records of natural wood durability in Mexico; in this study, it was determined based on the degradation of the wood of six commercial species: Pinus durangensis, P. strobiformis, P. cooperi, Juniperus deppeana, Quercus sideroxyla, and Alnus acuminata, in addition to Fagus sylvatica as the control. Test specimens were placed in contact with soil for 12 months at the Mineral de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria Ecological Reserve of in Cósala, Sinaloa, and at the Las Bayas property in the state of Durango. Five specimens of each species were buried at 50 % of their length and analyzed following the UNE-EN 252:2015 European standard for determining degradation in wood, and UNE-EN 350:2016 for estimating durability. Due to the absence of normality (p<0.05) in the degradation data, the Kruskall-Wallis nonparametric test was used to determine statistical differences between species, locality, and puncture area. Statistical analysis was performed in the R-Studio program. According to UNE-EN 252:2015 and UNE-EN 350:2016, J. deppeana was the most durable wood classified as Class 1; Q. sideroxyla, P. strobiformis, P. durangensis and F. sylvatica (control) were Class 2 timbers, with slight damage; and A. acuminata and P. cooperi were classified as Class 3, with evident degradation. It is concluded that J. deppeana has the most durable wood.

Resumen La durabilidad natural de la madera se define como la capacidad intrínseca que tiene para resistir la degradación ocasionada por factores bióticos y abióticos. Existen pocos registros de la durabilidad natural de la madera en México; en este estudio se determinó con base en la degradación de la madera de seis especies comerciales: Pinus durangensis, P. strobiformis, P. cooperi, Juniperus deppeana, Quercus sideroxyla y Alnus acuminata, además de Fagus sylvatica como testigo. Se usaron probetas colocadas en contacto con el suelo por 12 meses en dos localidades: la Reserva Ecológica del Mineral de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria en Cósala, Sinaloa, y el predio Las Bayas, Durango. Cinco probetas de cada especie se enterraron a 50 % de su longitud y se analizaron siguiendo la norma europea UNE-EN 252:2015 que determina la degradación en la madera, y la UNE-EN 350:2016 para la durabilidad. Debido a la ausencia de normalidad (p<0.05) en los datos de degradación, se usó la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskall-Wallis para determinar diferencias estadísticas entre especies, localidad y área de punzado. El análisis estadístico se realizó en el programa R-Studio. De acuerdo con las normas UNE-EN 252:2015 y UNE-EN 350:2016, J. deppeana fue la madera más durable clasificada como Clase 1; Q. sideroxyla, P. strobiformis, P. durangensis y F. sylvatica (control), fueron maderas Clase 2, con ligero daño; A. acuminata y P. cooperi clasificaron como Clase 3, con evidente degradación. Se concluye que J. deppeana presenta la madera más durable.

Resumen Recientemente se ha incrementado el costo de los fertilizantes, lo que afecta la producción de semilla de trigo (Triticum aestivum L), por ello es importante optimizar recursos dentro de los sistemas de producción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (DN) adecuada para la producción de semilla de trigo, así como su efecto sobre calidad fisiológica de semilla en la región de El Bajío en México. En el ciclo agrícola otoño-invierno 2017-2018 se evaluó la variedad Urbina S2007 en seis localidades de los estados de Guanajuato y Michoacán, México, en combinación con las DN de 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 y 300 kg ha-1. Las variables medidas en campo fueron rendimiento (t ha-1), granos por espiga y espigas por metro cuadrado. En laboratorio se evaluó el vigor de semilla, germinación estándar (%) y longitud de plúmula (cm), como parte de la calidad fisiológica de semilla. Se realizó análisis de varianza combinado a través de localidades en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. El efecto de las DN generó el 70 % de la variabilidad total observada en rendimiento, mientras que una situación diferente se observó en vigor y germinación, donde las localidades aportaron más del 88 % de la variabilidad. El rendimiento y calidad fisiológica de semilla se incrementaron en función de la DN; sin embargo, se observó un punto de inflexión a los 240 kg de N ha-1, lo que sugiere que la aplicación de 240 kg de N ha-1 es la dosis óptima para mejorar el rendimiento de semilla sin deterioro de su calidad fisiológica.

Summary Recently, the cost of fertilizers has increased, which affect the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed, so it is important to optimize resources within production systems. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate dose of nitrogen fertilization (DN) for wheat seed production, as well as its effect on physiological seed quality in the Bajio region of Mexico. In the Autumn-Winter 2017-2018 agricultural cycle the Urbina S2007 variety was evaluated at six locations in the states of Guanajuato and Michoacan, Mexico, in combination with DN of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg ha-1. The traits measured in the field were yield (t ha-1), grains per spike and spikes per square meter. In the laboratory, seed vigor, standard germination (%) and plumule length (cm) were evaluated as part of the physiological seed quality. Combined analysis of variance across localities was performed under a randomized complete block design. The effect of DN generated 70 % of the total variability observed in yield, but a different situation was observed in vigor and germination, where localities contributed more than 88% of the variability. Yield and physiological quality of seed increased as a function of DN; however, a turning point was observed at 240 kg N ha-1, suggesting that the application of 240 kg of N ha-1 is the optimal dose to improve seed yield without deterioration of its physiological quality.

ABSTRACT Agroindustrial potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) waste mainly includes peel and pulp; however, potatoes of low industrial quality are also discarded by industry. A viable alternative to give added value to these byproducts is the use of these as seeds, as well as the use of starch. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality (germination and vigor), starch content and relationship between these variables in discarded tubers from the industry through chemical-structural analyses to better understand their influence on starch composition. The physiological quality of the potatoes was evaluated through germination and vigor tests; likewise, starch was extracted, and the yield was determined. Physicochemical characterization of the starches was carried out through proximal and structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that the tubers had 100.00% germination and 98.66% vigor and were suitable for use as seeds. The starch yield did not significantly differ. However, characterization of the starch revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in moisture, ash, carbohydrate and amylose contents, which were influenced by the storage temperature (4 °C) of the tubers subjected to a vigor test, which interferes with enzymatic activity. During germination, the NMR results showed type B crystallinity, which is typical of tubers, indicating that the viability tests did not promote changes in the type of crystallinity. The results obtained can help us understand the effect of germination on the composition of starch and, accordingly, choose the most appropriate applications for this starch, whether food or nonfood.

Resumen La arveja (Pisum sativum L.) es una leguminosa simbiótica del invierno que establece asociación con Rhizobium leguminosarum sv viciae. Los objetivos de trabajo fueron evaluar cepas de R. leguminosarum por infectividad y crecimiento temprano, aporte de BNF, producción de biomasa y rendimiento. Setenta y ocho cepas y cuatro cultivares se evaluaron en cámara de crecimiento, cinco cepas y tres cultivares en invernadero, mientras que tres cepas y dos cultivares en experimento de campo. Solo el 44-55% de las cepas fueron infectivas en los cultivares. En invernadero, las cepas D70 y D156 mostraron los mejores valores de nodulación y los mayores contenidos de N en biomasa y rendimiento. En campo, D156 y D70 mostraron comportamientos similares que en invernadero, mientras que D191 tuvo más nódulos por planta, mayor biomasa aérea y mayor rendimiento. La cepa D70 mantuvo su comportamiento de nodulación, contenido de N en biomasa y rendimiento en cámara de crecimiento, invernadero y campo; mientras que D156 tuvo igual o mejor comportamiento que D70 en invernadero y campo. Por lo tanto, D156 podría ser una buena candidata para formular inoculantes bacterianos con esta cepa o para formular consorcios microbianos.

Abstract Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a winter symbiotic legume that associates with Rhizobium leguminosarum sv viciae. This work aimed to evaluate strains of R. leguminosarum for their infective ability and early-plant growth, BNF contribution, biomass and grain yield. Seventy-eight specific strains and four pea cultivars were evaluated in a growth chamber, five strains and three cultivars were evaluated in a greenhouse, and three strains and two cultivars were evaluated in a field experiment. Only 44-55% of all evaluated strains were infective in the four cultivars. In the greenhouse, D70 and D156 strains showed the best nodulation variables as well as higher N content and yield. The field experiment showed D156 and D70 yielded a similar behavior for N content in canopy biomass and individual nodule biomass, whereas D191 had a higher nodule number per plant, aerial biomass and grain yields. D70 provided good nodulation, N content in biomass, and yield in the growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments, whereas D156 had a like or superior behavior in the greenhouse and field experiments. Therefore, D156 could constitute a good candidate for bacterial single-strain inoculants, as well as for formulating microbial consortia.

ABSTRACT. Climate change and the expansion of agricultural lands to low-fertility soils have prompted studies on the effects of water and nutritional stress on nutrient uptake and use. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of absorption, translocation, and use of N in coffee cultivars under water stress (WS) and different N doses. The experiment was performed hydroponically and arranged in a 4 × 2 × 4 factorial randomized block design with three replications. These factors consisted of four coffee varieties, two N doses, and four levels of WS. At the end of the experiment, the dry matter production, N concentration, and N accumulation of plants, as well as nutritional efficiency indices were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. The results showed that in plants previously well-supplied with N, N stress induces greater allocation of dry matter in roots, mitigating the effects of subsequent water deficits on shoot dry matter production. Young Mundo Novo plants subjected to N stress followed by increasing water stress maintained a high utilization efficiency (UE). Young Acauã plants well-supplied with N, maintained their N utilization efficiency up to -1.6 MPa of water stress; however, when they were N starved, they underwent a drastic reduction in UE at potentials below -0.22 MPa. ABSTRACT lowfertility low fertility absorption translocation WS (WS doses replications varieties production concentration evaluated regression wellsupplied supplied roots UE. . (UE) 1.6 16 1 6 -1. however starved 0.22 022 0 22 -0.2 (UE 1. -1 0.2 02 -0. - 0. -0

ABSTRACT: Germination is a process of high metabolic activity in plants that involves the use of storage components present in seeds for seedling development. Chemical induction is a process in which different types of compounds are used to promote the activation of secondary metabolic pathways. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of chemical induction with salicylic acid (SA) (1 and 5 mM) on chickpea seed germination, germination percentage, radicle length and protein content in seedlings. Soluble protein fractions and trypsin inhibitory activity were quantified in the seedlings, and protein patterns were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatment with 5 mM salicylic acid decreased both the germination percentage and the length of the radicle. The albumin fraction content of the seedlings was reduced with 1 mM SA. The trypsin inhibitory activity in the globulin fraction decreased in seedlings treated with both SA treatments. Protein electrophoretic patterns from SA-induced seedlings remained similar to those without induction. In a dose-dependent manner, chickpea seedlings exhibited changes in seedling development, concentration of protein fractions, and reduced trypsin inhibitory activity. ABSTRACT development pathways (SA ( electrophoresis treatments SAinduced induced dosedependent dose dependent manner

RESUMO: A germinação é um processo de alta atividade metabólica nas plantas envolvendo a utilização de componentes de armazenamento presentes na semente para o desenvolvimento das plântulas. A indução química é um processo no qual diferentes tipos de compostos são utilizados para promover a ativação de vias metabólicas secundárias. O objetivo foi identificar o efeito da indução química com ácido salicílico (SA) (1 e 5 mM) na germinação das sementes de grão-de-bico, na porcentagem de germinação, no comprimento da radícula e no teor de proteína das plântulas. As frações proteicas solúveis e a atividade inibitória da tripsina foram quantificadas nas plântulas, e os padrões proteicos foram identificados por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. O tratamento com ácido salicílico 5 mM diminuiu tanto a porcentagem de germinação quanto o comprimento da radícula. O teor da fração albumina das plântulas foi reduzido com 1 mM de SA. A atividade inibitória da tripsina na fração globulina diminuiu nas plântulas submetidas a ambos tratamentos SA. Os padrões eletroforéticos de proteínas das partes aéreas induzidas por SA permaneceram semelhantes àqueles sem indução. A parte aérea de grão de bico induziu, de maneira dose-dependente, alterações no desenvolvimento das plântulas, na concentração das frações proteicas e reduziram a atividade inibitória da tripsina. RESUMO secundárias (SA ( grãodebico, grãodebico bico, grão-de-bico poliacrilamida induziu dosedependente, dosedependente dose dependente, dependente dose-dependente

SIGNIFICANCE: This paper introduces gypsum ecosystem research to southern Africa. It is the result of current joint efforts to compare African gypsum ecosystems with those in other parts of the world. We highlight the expansion of an international network through joint projects and training of young scientists. We propose a research agenda to sensitise the ecological community in Africa to the significance of life on gypsum and to demystify the existence of gypsum soil and associated ecosystems in southern Africa.

Resumen En este trabajo se presenta el primer estudio de diversidad genética de aislamientos de Moraxella spp. detectados en un hospital de oftalmología de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Debido a la observación de una elevada frecuencia de Moraxella spp. en abscesos corneales, se decidió confirmar su identificación a nivel de especie, conocer su sensibilidad y realizar la subtipificación molecular. Se analizaron 17 aislamientos provenientes de abscesos corneales. La identificación se realizó mediante una combinación de pruebas bioquímicas y espectrometría de masas, MALDI-TOF MS. El 88,2% fueron identificados como Moraxella lacunata y el 11,8% como Moraxella nonliquefaciens. La subtipificación molecular se realizó por la técnica de electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). Todos los aislamientos fueron tipificables y se identificaron 13 patrones de digestión. Nuestros resultados muestran que la técnica de PFGE con la enzima SmaI es útil para hacer estudios epidemiológicos en cepas de estas especies.

Abstract This is the first study of the genetic diversity of Moraxella spp. Isolates were detected in an Eye Hospital in the City of Buenos Aires. Due to the high frequency of Moraxella spp. observed in corneal abscesses, we decided to validate their identification at the species level, determine their drug susceptibility and perform molecular subtyping. Seventeen (17) isolates obtained from corneal abscesses were evaluated. The identification was carried out using a combination of biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Of these isolates, 88.2% were identified as Moraxella lacunata, and 11.8% as Moraxella nonliquefaciens. Molecular subtyping was performed using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. All isolates were typable and thirteen digestion patterns were identified. Based on the obtained results, the PFGE technique using the SmaI enzyme can be used for epidemiological studies of strains of these species.

Resumen Las comunidades de anuros y los componentes bióticos asociados, así como el hábitat físico circundante varían entre regiones. El éxito de las investigaciones sobre biodiversidad de anfibios dependerá entonces de conocer la eficiencia de las diferentes técnicas de muestreo que se aplican en cada ambiente particular que es analizado. En este contexto, evaluamos la efectividad relativa de registro (ERR) de cuatro técnicas diferentes en un humedal lacustre localizado en la Reserva Juan Bautista Alberdi (RJBA), en el centro-este de Argentina. Se efectuaron los relevamientos de diciembre de 2021 a marzo de 2022 (temporada de verano), sumándose un muestreo de otoño (mayo/2022). Se emplearon a) trampas de caída, b) muestreos de larvas con red, c) transectas de prospección auditiva y d) transectas de prospección visual. En cada caso, se calculó la ERR estandarizando los registros de acuerdo al esfuerzo de muestreo medido en minutos. Para estudiar el efecto de la técnica de muestreo sobre la ERR se realizó un modelo lineal randomizado mediante un test de permutación, aplicando 1,000 iteraciones. Se registraron un total de 11 especies, siendo Boana pulchella, Scinax nasicus y Rhinella dorbignyi las detectadas con mayor frecuencia. La técnica de muestreo influyó en la ERR (P = 0.001). El transecto de prospección auditiva resultó la técnica más exitosa, con una ERR del 24.44%, seguida por la búsqueda de larvas con red (3.70%) y el transecto de prospección visual (3.38%). No obstante, estas dos últimas permitieron encontrar especies no detectadas con la primera. Consecuentemente, un diseño integrando diferentes técnicas es necesario para estudiar adecuadamente las comunidades de anfibios de la RJBA. Mejorar la efectividad de los muestreos permite fortalecer nuestra comprensión sobre la biodiversidad de este grupo taxonómico, tan necesario en el contexto de declinación global actual.

Abstract Anuran communities and their associated biotic components, as well as the surrounding physical habitat, vary between regions. The success of research on amphibian biodiversity will then depend on knowing the efficiency of the different sampling techniques that are applied in each particular environment analyzed. In this context, we evaluated the relative registration effectiveness (RRE) of four different techniques in a lacustrine wetland located in the Juan Bautista Alberdi Reserve (JBAR), in east -central Argentina. Research was carried out from December 2021 to March 2022 (summer season), adding an autumn sampling (May/2022). Techniques used were: A) pitfall traps, b) larval sampling, c) acoustic survey transects and d) visual survey transects. In each case, the RRE was calculated by standardizing the records according to the sampling effort measured in minutes. To study the effect of the sampling technique on RRE, a randomized linear model was created using a permutation test, applying 1,000 iterations. A total of 11 species were recorded, with Boana pulchella, Scinax nasicus and Rhinella dorbignyi being the most frequently detected. The sampling technique was found to influence RRE (P = 0.001). The acoustic survey transect was the most successful technique, with an RRE of 24.44%, followed by the search for larvae with a net (3.70%) and the visual survey transect (3.38%). However, these last two allowed us to find species not detected by the first technique. Consequently, a design integrating different techniques is necessary to adequately study the amphibian communities of the JBAR. Improving the effectiveness of sampling allows us to strengthen our understanding of the biodiversity of this taxonomic group, which is so necessary in the context of current global decline.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever a frequência e as lesões causadas por parasitas metazoários e protozoários em gambás (Didelphis virginiana) no México. De 2019 a 2021, vinte Gambás (D. virginiana) foram coletados no estado de Colima, México. Estudos post mortem, parasitológicos e histopatológicos foram realizados para identificar e descrever suas lesões. Todos os gambás (20/20) apresentaram pelo menos um tipo de parasita dos doze encontrados, os mais abundantes foram os nematóides 58,33% (7/12) Didelphostrongylus hayesi, Turgida turgida, Cruzia sp., Viannaia sp., Trichuris didelphis, Trichostrongylidae e Gnathostoma sp. Protozoários 25% (3/12) Sarcocystis sp., Besnoitia sp. e Sarcocystis sp. Só uma única espécie de Mathevotaenia sp., 8,3% (1/12) e Paragonimus mexicanus 8,3% (1/12). Os sistemas mais acometidos foram o digestivo, respiratório e musculoesquelético. Os parasitas mais abundantes foram T. turgida (20/20) 100%, Cruzia sp., 80% (16/20), e Viannaia sp., 30% (6/20), seguidos pelos cistos de Sarcocystis sp., 30% (6/20). As lesões observadas causadas pelos vários tipos de parasitas foram: D. hayesi produziu broncopneumonia granulomatosa eosinofílica, P. mexicanus gerou pneumonia granulomatosa focal eosinofílica e Besnoitia sp. produziu pneumonia intersticial linfoplasmocítica eosinofílica focal. Ganthostoma e T. turgida geraram uma gastrite focal granulomatosa eosinofílica grave. Viannaia sp., Sarcocystis sp., Mathevotaenia sp. e Trichostrongylidae causaram enterite mucosa eosinofílica difusa. Cruzia sp. e Trichuris didelphis causaram tiflite mucosa eosinofílica difusa. Cistos de Sarcocystis spp. foram detectados no citoplasma das fibras musculares, sem alterações histológicas. RESUMO Didelphis virginiana México 201 2021 D (D Colima mortem 20/20 2020 20 (20/20 encontrados 5833 58 33 58,33 7/12 712 7 12 (7/12 sp 25 3/12 312 3 (3/12 83 8 8,3 1/12 112 1 (1/12 1/12. . digestivo musculoesquelético T 100 100% 80 16/20, 1620 16/20 , 16 (16/20) 30 6/20, 620 6/20 6 (6/20) 6/20. P grave difusa spp musculares histológicas 202 20/2 2 (20/2 583 5 58,3 7/1 71 (7/1 3/1 31 (3/1 8, 1/1 11 (1/1 10 162 16/2 (16/20 62 6/2 (6/20 20/ (20/ 58, 7/ (7/ 3/ (3/ 1/ (1/ 16/ (16/2 6/ (6/2 (20 (7 (3 (1 (16/ (6/ (2 ( (16 (6

ABSTRACT: The aim was to describe the incidence and lesions caused by metazoan and protozoan parasites in Didelphis virginiana opossums in Mexico. From 2019 to 2021, twenty D. virginiana were collected from the state of Colima, Mexico. Post mortem, parasitological, and histopathological studies were performed to identify and describe their lesions and findings. All opossums(20/20) presented at least one type of parasite of the twelve found; the most abundant were nematodes 58.33% (7/12) Didelphostrongylus hayesi, Turgida turgida, Cruzia sp., Viannaia sp., Trichuris didelphis, Trichostrongylidae and Gnathostoma sp. Protozoa 25% (3/12), including Sarcocystis sp., Besnoitia sp., and Sarcocystis sp. A single specimen of Mathevotaenia sp., 8.3% (1/12), and Paragonimus mexicanus 8.3%, were identified (1/12). The most affected systems were the digestive, respiratory, and musculoskeletal. The most abundant parasites were Turgida turgida (20/20) 100%, Cruzia sp., (16/20) 80%, and Viannaia sp. (6/20) 30%, followed by Sarcocystis sp. cysts, (6/20) 30%. The associated parasitic lesions were: D. hayesi produce eosinophilic granulomatous bronchopneumonia, P. mexicanus eosinophilic focal granulomatous pneumonia, and Besnoitia sp., focal eosinophilic lymphoplasmacytic interstitial pneumonia. Gnathostoma and T. turgida caused severe eosinophilic granulomatous focal gastritis. Viannaia sp., Sarcocystis sp., Mathevotaenia sp., and Trichostrongylidae; caused diffuse eosinophilic mucosal enteritis. Cruzia sp., and T. didelphis, induced diffuse eosinophilic mucosal typhlitis. Sarcocystis sp. cysts were detected in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers without histological changes. ABSTRACT Mexico 201 2021 D Colima mortem parasitological findings opossums20/20 opossums2020 20/20 20 opossums(20/20 found 5833 58 33 58.33 7/12 712 7 12 (7/12 sp didelphis 25 3/12, 312 3/12 , 3 (3/12) 83 8 8.3 1/12, 112 1/12 1 (1/12) 1/12. . digestive respiratory musculoskeletal 2020 (20/20 100 100% 16/20 1620 16 (16/20 80 80% 6/20 620 6 (6/20 30 30% bronchopneumonia P pneumonia T gastritis enteritis typhlitis changes 202 opossums20 opossums20/2 opossums202 20/2 2 opossums(20/2 583 5 58.3 7/1 71 (7/1 31 3/1 (3/12 8. 11 1/1 (1/12 (20/2 10 16/2 162 (16/2 6/2 62 (6/2 opossums2 opossums20/ 20/ opossums(20/ 58. 7/ (7/ 3/ (3/1 1/ (1/1 (20/ 16/ (16/ 6/ (6/ opossums(20 (7 (3/ (1/ (20 (16 (6 opossums(2 ( (3 (1 (2 opossums(

Abstract Nitrogen uptake is essential for coffee growth and development, resulting in important effects on the biomass and final crop yield. Thus, like most nutrients, nitrogen is absorbed by the roots using water as a mean of transport, so that water stress and nitrogen can directly and indirectly affect various physiological processes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the nitrogen metabolism in young plants of four varieties of coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) submitted to water deficit (WD) and nitrogen supply. We have done a triple factorial (2 x 4 x 4) experiment entirely randomized. The plots received combinations of high or low N doses (7mmol/L and 2.8 mmol/L NO3 -), four water potentials (0; -0.4; -0.8; and -1.6 Mpa), and four varieties (Mundo Novo IAC379-19, Acauã F6 ofIBC - PR 82010, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44, and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62). One hundred and forty days after the I of the experiment (140 days after the beginning of N stress and 82 days after the beginning of WD stress) the activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), concentration of nitrate, free proline, amino acids (TAA), and total proteins were determined in samples of leaf and root tissues. There were differences between varieties independently of WD and N dose for leaf NR, being ‘Acauã’ the cultivar that presented the highest and ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ the lowest value to this trait. The WD promoted an increase on the proline concentration in the roots. With low N dose, the activity of GS presented linear increases in response to WD. It was concluded that in young coffee plants under WD, proline can be involved in the osmotic adjustment, having its synthesis in the roots increased. Under WD, plants with good nitrogen nutrition presented larger leaf concentration of soluble amino acids and total soluble proteins. The varieties studied do not present differentiated responses to WD. development yield Thus nutrients transport processes Coffea L. L (WD supply 2 ( randomized 7mmol/L 7mmolL mmolL 7mmol mmol 28 8 2. NO , -) 0 (0 0.4 04 -0.4 0.8 08 -0.8 1.6 16 1 6 -1. Mpa, Mpa Mpa) Mundo IAC37919, IAC37919 IAC379 19, 19 IAC379-19 F 82010 44 62. 62 . 62) 140 (14 NR (NR GS, (GS) TAA, TAA (TAA) tissues ‘Acauã trait adjustment increased 0. -0. 1. -1 IAC3791 IAC37 IAC379-1 8201 14 (1 (GS (TAA -0 IAC3 IAC379- 820

RESUMEN Cinco concentraciones (200 a 12.5 mg mL-1) del extracto hidroalcohólico de Kalanchoe daigremontiana fueron usadas para determinar su efecto antihelmíntico y antibacteriano in vitro. Para determinar el efecto antihelmíntico se realizaron las pruebas de inhibición de la eclosión, inhibición de la motilidad y mortalidad larvaria sobre Haemonchus contortus (HC). La determinación de la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria y Concentración Mínima Bactericida, permitieron evaluar la actividad antibacteriana del extracto sobre L. monocytogenes, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, S. choleraesuis, B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus. El extracto hidroalcohólico de Kalanchoe daigremontiana a 400 mg mL-1 inhibió la eclosión de huevos de HC en un 99.5%, y redujo la motilidad del 85.2% de larvas L3 del mismo nematodo. Las concentraciones letales 50 y 90 para la inhibición de la eclosión fueron de 66.5 y 87.3 mg mL-1 y de 1.5 y 240.9 mg mL-1, para la inhibición de la motilidad. El extracto mostró actividad sobre bacterias Gram positivas y Gram negativas, determinándose una CMI de 100 mg mL−1 sobre P. aeruginosa y L. monocytogenes y 0.781 mg mL−1 para B. subtilis and S. aureus. Estos resultados indican que el extracto hidroalcohólico de Kalanchoe daigremontiana presenta potencial efecto antihelmíntico y antibacteriano y que podría ser utilizado como una estrategia de control biológico.

ABSTRACT Five concentrations (200 to 12.5 mg mL -1) of Kalanchoe daigremontiana hydroalcoholic extract, were used to determine its anthelmintic and antibacterial effect in vitro. To determine the anthelmintic effect, eggs hatching inhibition, inhibition of motility and larval mortality tests were performed Haemonchus contortus (HC). The determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration allowed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of extract on L. monocytogenes, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, S. choleraesuis, B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus. Kalanchoe daigremontiana hydroalcoholic extract inhibited the 99.5% of HC eggs hatching and reduced the motility of 85.2% of L3 larvae at 400 mg mL -1. The lethal concentrations 50 and 90 for the inhibition of hatching were 66.5 and 87.3 mg mL -1 and 1.5 and 240.9 mg mL -1, for the inhibition of motility. The extract showed activity on Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, determining a MIC of 100 mg mL -1 on P. aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes and 0.781 mg mL -1 for B. subtilis and S. aureus. These results indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract of Kalanchoe daigremontiana has a potential anthelmintic and antibacterial effect and that it could be used as a biological control strategy.

Abstract Introduction: For many patients, organ transplantation is the only life-saving treatment. There is a severe shortage of organs for transplantation, and Mexico has one of the lowest organ donation rates. Health professionals are the link between society and the health system, and can promote and increase organ donation. Objective: To explore general knowledge and attitudes of Mexican physicians with regard to cadaveric organ donation. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study. Two questionnaires were applied to 219 physicians either from an institution where transplants are carried out or from a hospital where the procedure is not performed. Results: Most participants had not received any training on organ donation. The main deficits in their knowledge were related to the criteria for being a donor and to the position of the Church on organ donation. Knowledge predicted attitudes towards organ donation: it was negatively associated with unfavorable and mistrust attitudes, whereas it was positively associated with favorable attitudes and willingness to be a donor. Conclusion: It is necessary to implement programs aimed at physicians in order to provide them with tools that help promote organ donation culture.

Resumen Introducción: Para numerosos pacientes, el trasplante de órganos es el único tratamiento para sobrevivir. Hay una grave escasez de órganos para trasplantes y México tiene una de las tasas más bajas de donación de órganos. Los profesionales de la salud son el vínculo entre la sociedad y el sistema de salud, y pueden promover e incrementar la donación de órganos. Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos generales y las actitudes de médicos mexicanos respecto a la donación de órganos provenientes de cadáveres. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios a 219 médicos de una institución donde se realizan trasplantes y de un hospital en donde no se llevan a cabo. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes no había recibido entrenamiento sobre donación de órganos. Las principales deficiencias en sus conocimientos estuvieron relacionadas con los criterios para ser donador y la postura de la iglesia sobre la donación de órganos. El conocimiento predijo las actitudes hacia la donación de órganos; este se asoció negativamente a actitudes desfavorables y de desconfianza, mientras que se asoció positivamente a actitudes favorables y la disposición a ser donador. Conclusión: Es necesario implementar programas dirigidos a los médicos para dotarlos de herramientas que ayuden a fomentar la cultura de donación de órganos.

ABSTRACT Physical mutagenesis with 60Co is a technique used in plant breeding to induce desired phenotypic characteristics. This research objective was to evaluate physical and physiological quality and protein content of jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds from plants that were selected as tolerant to water stress, these plants were derived from seeds irradiated with 60Co at 100 Gy dose (T1P2 and T1P5 both from tolerant plants to water stress). Control seeds were significantly superior to the mutants in the variable standard germination (90.66%), standard germination with accelerated aging (57.3%), normal seedlings (95.6%), 1000 seeds weight (6.349 g), hectoliter weight (51.97 kg hL-1) and radicle dry weight (18 mg). Mutant seeds were significantly superior to control seeds in seed length and width (4.356 mm in T1P2 and 4.256 mm in T1P5 for length; 3.544 mm in T1P2 and 3.632 mm in T1P5 for width). In seed thickness tests, germinated seeds aerial part fresh and dry weight, radicle fresh weight, the two mutants seed types and the control were significantly equal. In seed storage proteins content, T1P2 treatment had a higher globulins concentration. In the prolamin fraction, the two mutant seed types were superior to control. T1P5 treatment seeds had the highest glutelins concentration. Mutant seeds showed different characteristics as compared to control in physical, physiological and plantlet parts weight components.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del sistema de riego sobre las características agronómicas de híbridos de maíz producida en zafra. El experimento se realizó en la estancia “La Concordia S.A”, Departamento de San Pedro, Paraguay, circunscrita en las coordenadas de latitud -23,74659 y longitud -57,02347, en el ciclo productivo 2021/2022. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar (DBCA) dispuesto en parcelas subdivididas. La parcela principal correspondió al sistema de riego (Con riego-por Pivot y sin riego) y la parcela secundaria a los híbridos de maíz (Power Core Ultra 582, DKB 255, DKB 360 y DKB 290), con cuatro repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental (UE) tuvo una dimensión de 100 m2. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de la planta, altura de inserción de la mazorca, longitud y diámetro de la mazorca, peso de 1000 granos y rendimiento de granos.Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza (ANAVA) y las medias de las variables se compararon por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. Los resultados arrojados por el experimento indicaronla eficacia del sistema con riego de forma significativa en la producción de maíz. En cuanto a los híbridos utilizados generó diferencia significativa en las variables, siendo mejores valores lograron en DKB 255 y DKB 360.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the irrigation system on the agronomic characteristics of corn hybrids produced in the harvest. The experiment was carried out in the ranch "La Concordia S.A", Department of San Pedro, Paraguay, circumscribed in the coordinates of latitude -23.74659 and longitude -57.02347, in the 2021/2022 production cycle. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in subdivided plots was used. The main plot corresponded to the irrigation system (with irrigation-by Pivot and without irrigation) and the secondary plot to the corn hybrids (Power Core Ultra 582, DKB 255, DKB 360 and DKB 290), with four repetitions. Each experimental unit (UE) had a dimension of 100 m2. The variables evaluated were plant height, ear insertion height, ear length and diameter, weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANAVA) and the means of the variables were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. The results obtained by the experiment indicate the efficiency of the system with irrigation in a significant way in the production of corn. Regarding the hybrids used, they generate a significant difference in the variables, being better values achieved in DKB 255 and DKB 360.