ABSTRACT The marine phytoplankton community responds to latitudinal, longitudinal (coast to ocean), and vertical environmental gradients, an important subject in Oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). The phytoplankton structure and the effect of environmental gradients along the central Mexican Pacific, an area within an OMZ, were studied, especially the importance of size fractions and taxonomic groups. A combination of various methods and protocols, such as microscopic analysis, flow cytometer, and pigment analysis, were followed in this study. Oceanographic conditions included thermal gradients along the study area and unreported evidence of a weak upwelling in the southern zone (Acapulco). Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a showed subsurface maxima (SCM, 15-45 m depth) in all stations, and deeper chlorophyll-a maxima (DCM, 85-95 m depth) in more oceanic stations. Chain-forming diatoms dominated in the northern zone stations. Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotes abundances ranged between 0.01 to 21.7 cells×104 mL−1, although most samples showed the highest contribution to biomass (47.95 µg C L−1) by picoeukaryotes. Expected tendencies of Prochlorococcus distribution were observed: highest densities coincided with the DCM and divinyl chlorophyll-a distribution at oceanic stations. Fucoxanthin had the highest concentrations, whereas fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin concentrations were higher at SCM depths. We documented the co-dominance of the pico- and microplankton: picoplankton was important at the DCM, related to oligotrophic and more stratified water column, whereas microplankton prevailed in coastal stations, with mixed water column, high nutrient concentrations, and diatoms as the dominant group. Picoeukaryotes abundances were related to the concentration of prasinoxanthin, which suggests an important mamiellophyte component not previously revealed.

ABSTRACT This research aims to influence the initial training for “Gender Equality” (SDG 5) from illustrated non-fiction books (LINF) and female biographies. It is framed in the qualitative paradigm, a participatory educational research in the degree in Primary Education, University of Cadiz (Spain). The LINF of biographies become the basis for the promotion of reading and the recognition of women from a social, educational and curricular justice perspective. The results and conclusions are projected in two LINF cartographies that advocate for equality and its visibility. Gender Equality SDG 5 nonfiction non fiction (LINF paradigm Education Spain. Spain . (Spain) social perspective visibility (Spain

RESUMEN Esta investigación pretende incidir en la formación inicial para una “Igualdad de género” (ODS 5) a partir de libros ilustrados de no ficción (LINF) y biografías femeninas. Se encuadra en el paradigma cualitativo, una investigación educativa participativa en el grado en Educación Primaria, Universidad de Cádiz (España). Los LINF de biografías se convierten en la base para la promoción de la lectura y el reconocimiento de la mujer desde la justicia social, educativa y curricular. Los resultados y conclusiones se proyectan en dos cartografías de LINF que abogan por la igualdad y su visibilización. Igualdad género ODS 5 (LINF femeninas cualitativo Primaria España. España . (España) social curricular visibilización (España

Resumo Esta pesquisa visa compreender as preferências de leitura dos adolescentes ao iniciar o ensino secundário. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 664 alunos do primeiro curso do Ensino Secundário Obrigatório de Cádiz para, posteriormente, determinar se existem padrões convergentes com pequenas amostras de contextos nacionais e internacionais (Espanha, Chile, Polônia e Portugal). A metodologia adota como variável dependente o formato de leitura e sua relação com as variáveis independentes sexo e gosto pela leitura. No processamento estadístico, foram realizadas análises univariantes e bivariantes, onde se estudaram as preferências dos formatos de leitura, e uma análise CHAID para estabelecer os perfis leitores. Os resultados evidenciaram que a leitura analógica dá vantagem à digital entre os leitores frequentes, enquanto os leitores menos frequentes preferem a leitura digital. Esses dados oferecem possibilidades para traçar estratégias didáticas que promovam a leitura em ambientes virtuais.

Abstract This research seeks to gain insight into the reading preferences of adolescents as they begin secondary education. The study examined a sample of 664 students in the first year of compulsory secondary education (ESO) in Cádiz to determine any similarities with small samples in other national and international contexts (Spain, Chile, Poland, and Portugal). The methodology employs reading format as a dependent variable and explores its relationship with the independent variables “sex” and “love of reading.” The statistics were processed with univariate and bivariate analyses to explore preferences for reading formats, and a CHAID analysis to establish reading profiles. The results show that traditional reading formats are preferred by the most avid readers, while more infrequent readers prefer to read digitally. This information offers opportunities to devise teaching strategies that promote reading in virtual environments.

Resumen Esta investigación busca conocer las preferencias lectoras de los adolescentes al iniciar la educación secundaria. Se tomó como referencia una muestra de 664 estudiantes de primer curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de Cádiz para, posteriormente, determinar si existen líneas convergentes con pequeñas muestras de contextos nacionales e internacionales (España, Chile, Polonia y Portugal). La metodología adopta como variable dependiente el formato de lectura y su relación con las variables independientes sexo y gusto por la lectura. En el procesamiento estadístico se realizaron análisis univariantes y bivariantes, donde se estudiaron las preferencias de formatos de lectura, y un análisis CHAID para establecer los perfiles lectores. Los resultados evidencian que la lectura analógica aventaja a la digital entre los más lectores, mientras que los menos lectores prefieren la lectura digital. Estos datos ofrecen posibilidades para trazar estrategias didácticas que fomenten la lectura en entornos virtuales.

Abstract. White shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, farming represents one of the most important aquaculture activities in the world with a high growth rate. However, intensification processes induce negative side effects on the health of the organism, associated with a dysbiosis phenomenon. Consequently, illnesses, mainly attributable to Vibrio genus bacteria, have been reported in shrimp ponds. Studying the diversity and ecology of the associated bacteria in aquaculture systems is essential to prevent and control diseases. Therefore, the present study analyzes the bacterial load and microbial population variation in P. vannamei hepatopancreases infected with a pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain (so-called CVP2) associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) under controlled conditions. The results showed an important change in the microbial community structure of the P. vannamei hepatopancreas. Furthermore, the presence of the Vibrio genus considerably increased and clearly dominated compared with the control. Dysbiosis of the hepatopancreatic microbiota and constrictions in the hepatopancreatic tubules (characteristic signs of in the early stage of AHPND) could be observed before the visible manifestation of the disease.

Resumen. El cultivo de camarón blanco Penaeus vannamei representa una de las actividades acuícolas más importantes del mundo, con una elevada tasa de crecimiento. Sin embargo, el proceso de intensificación induce efectos secundarios negativos sobre la salud del organismo, relacionados con un fenómeno de disbiosis. Como consecuencia, se han reportado enfermedades en los estanques de camarón atribuibles principalmente a las bacterias del género Vibrio. Es fundamental estudiar la diversidad y ecología de las bacterias asociadas en los sistemas acuícolas para prevenir y controlar enfermedades. Por ello, el presente estudio analiza la carga bacteriana y la variación de la población microbiana en el hepatopáncreas de P. vannamei infectado con una cepa patógena de Vibrio parahaemolyticus (denominada CVP2) asociada a la enfermedad de la necrosis hepatopancreática aguda (NHPA) en condiciones controladas. Los resultados mostraron un cambio importante en la estructura de la comunidad microbiana del hepatopáncreas de P. vannamei. Además, la presencia del género Vibrio aumentó considerablemente y fue claramente dominante en comparación con el control. Los resultados muestran una disbiosis de la microbiota del hepatopáncreas y constricciones en los túbulos hepatopancreáticos (signos característicos de la NHPA en etapas tempranas) antes de la manifestación visible de la enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Elderly patients are the most frequent patients admitted to dialysis units. Relatively little is known about standards on endof-life (EOL) care among dialysis patients. From international literature, these patients are exposed to more aggressive treatments at EOL than patients with cancer or other chronic diseases and palliative referral is infrequent. This study aims to describe some end-of-life (EOL) practices in patients undergoing hemodialysis in NephroCare clinics in several cities in Portugal. Material and Methods: We designed a prospective, multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study conducted between October 1st, 2020 and September 30th, 2021 in six hemodialysis clinics including 1265 patients (pts). Results: During the year in analysis, 158 pts died (12.4%). Mean age was 76 years (25% of pts were older than 85 years) and dialysis vintage was 84 (2-963) months. Regarding comorbidities, 50% were diabetic, 40% had congestive heart failure, 25% had cancer and 17% had dementia. Mean age-adapted Charlson index was 13 ± 3. For 82 pts (51.9%), nephrologists would not be surprised if they died in the next 6 months. Seventy-three had hospital admissions in the previous three months. Four pts withdrew dialysis. Of those who died, only two had advance care directives, 18 had an opioid prescription in the last month of life and 17 were referred to palliative intervention mostly because of oncologic disorders. Seventy four percent of these pts died at the hospital and 23% died at home/nursing home. Not a single patient died under hospice care. Conclusion: Most of our patients commonly die in hospital, undergo invasive procedures, spend much of their remaining life fulfilling a demanding dialysis schedule and are admitted to the hospital wards without formal palliative intervention or discussion of goals of care, even when death is an expected outcome.

Resumen Este trabajo 1 pretende analizar el perfil de los epitextos virtuales que aparecen en cuatro plataformas editoriales de ámbito educativo para la promoción del libro. Siendo conscientes de que estamos inmersos en una sociedad gaseosa ( SCOLARI, 2021)en donde predomina lo breve, las modas y lo viral; el nuevo paradigma de la lectura se corresponde con una hibridación analógico-digital en la que los book-trailer, se convierten en ejemplo claro de producto transmedia del texto original por parte de las editoriales. Nuestra investigación de corte cualitativo se basa en un análisis de corpus de 70 epitextos ficcionales, mediante una lista de contenidos dimensionada en tres categorías de estudio. Los resultados evidencian su presencia tanto en los libros de literatura infantil como juvenil para el fomento de la lectura y generar la curiosidad y el disfrute del prosumidor. Sin embargo, también es necesario resaltar que este tipo de técnicas y lenguajes multimodales no puede suplantar el protagonismo del hecho literario y la lectura en sí misma. libro SCOLARI 2021en 2021 breve viral analógicodigital analógico digital booktrailer, booktrailer book trailer, trailer book-trailer 7 ficcionales estudio prosumidor embargo misma 202 20 2

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the profile of the virtual epitexts that appear in four educational publishing platforms for the promotion of books. Being aware that we are immersed in a gaseous society ( SCOLARI, 2021) where the brief, fashions and the viral predominate; the new paradigm of reading corresponds to an analogue-digital hybridisation in which book-trailers become a clear example of a transmedia product of the original text by publishers. Our qualitative research is based on a corpus analysis of 70 fictional epitexts, by means of a list of contents divided into three study categories. The results show their presence in both children’s and young adult literature books in order to encourage reading and generate curiosity and enjoyment in the prosumer. However, it is also necessary to highlight that this type of multimodal techniques and languages cannot supplant the protagonism of the literary fact and reading itself. SCOLARI 2021 brief predominate analoguedigital analogue digital booktrailers book trailers publishers 7 categories childrens children s prosumer However itself 202 20 2

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o perfil dos epitexts virtuais que aparecem em quatro plataformas editoriais educacionais para a promoção de livros. Estando conscientes de que estamos imersos em uma sociedade gasosa ( SCOLARI, 2021)onde predominam o breve, a moda e o viral; o novo paradigma de leitura corresponde a uma hibridização analógico-digital na qual os trailers de livros se tornam um claro exemplo de um produto transmídia do texto original pelas editoras. Nossa pesquisa qualitativa se baseia em uma análise de 70 epitexts fictícios, por meio de uma lista de conteúdos dividida em três categorias de estudo. Os resultados mostram sua presença tanto em livros de literatura infanto-juvenil quanto em livros de literatura para adultos jovens, a fim de incentivar a leitura e gerar curiosidade e prazer no prosummer. Entretanto, também é necessário destacar que este tipo de técnicas e linguagens multimodais não podem suplantar o protagonismo do fato literário e da própria leitura. SCOLARI 2021onde onde 2021 breve viral analógicodigital analógico digital editoras 7 fictícios estudo infantojuvenil infanto juvenil jovens prosummer Entretanto 202 20 2

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los leiomiomas uterinos son las neoplasias benignas más comunes en mujeres en edad reproductiva. En casos excepcionales puede haber cambios degenerativos que condicionan complicaciones, como los piomiomas. Su diagnóstico es complejo. Al inicio, por los síntomas y por las imágenes radiográficas pueden confundirse con degeneración roja. La resonancia magética es útil en procesos inflamatorios y necrosis. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 26 años, con dolor en el hipogastrio y sangrado uterino anormal. En la consulta de valoración, con base en el ultrasonido, se diagnosticó un mioma de gran tamaño. A los diez días siguientes el dolor aumentó en intensidad. Se le indicó un estudio con resonancia magnética que reportó la existencia de un leiomioma de 9 cm en su eje mayor y clasificación 2-5 de la FIGO. En la cuenca de difusión se observó una degeneración roja. Ante los síntomas y hallazgos se procedió a la miomectomía laparoscópica y a las 24 horas inició con datos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica que obligaron a su traslado a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. CONCLUSIÓN: Debido a la baja incidencia de los piomiomas, esta complicación no se encuentra entre los principales diagnósticos diferenciales ante un leiomioma sintomático. A pesar de ello, debido al dolor pélvico, sepsis y ausencia de foco infeccioso, al igual que cambios sugerentes de necrosis e inflamación en la resonancia magnética, debe tenerse una alta sospecha de piomioma para un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento adecuado.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign neoplasms in women of reproductive age. In exceptional cases there may be degenerative changes that lead to complications, such as pyomyomas. Their diagnosis is complex. At the beginning, due to the symptoms and radiographic images it can be confused with red degeneration. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging has proved to be useful in inflammatory processes and necrosis. CLINICAL CASE: 26-year-old patient with pain in the hypogastrium and abnormal uterine bleeding. In the evaluation consultation based on ultrasound, a large myoma was diagnosed. Ten days later the pain increased in intensity. A magnetic resonance imaging study was indicated, which reported the existence of a leiomyoma of 9 cm in its major axis and FIGO classification 2-5. A red degeneration was observed in the diffusion basin. In view of the symptoms and findings, laparoscopic myomectomy was performed and after 24 hours she started with data of systemic inflammatory response that forced her transfer to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Due to the low incidence of pyomyomas, this complication is not among the main differential diagnoses for a symptomatic leiomyoma. Nevertheless, due to pelvic pain, sepsis and absence of infectious focus as well as changes suggestive of necrosis and inflammation on MRI, pyomyoma should be highly suspected for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Abstract In the last years, the improvement of the assisted reproduction techniques and different laws between countries has propitiated an important flow and exchange of patients and reproductive biological material between nationals and internationals clinics. Spain has one of the better assisted reproduction techniques laws regarding the obtaining, handling, storing and distributing cells and tissues for reproduction, although these laws are submitted to the European laws. These laws and the recommendations of scientific societies regulate the transport of human embryos, oocytes and semen. So, they establish technical conditions and everybody’s documents (patients, home clinic, destination clinic and carrier) of these kinds of transports. Thus, it guarantee the sample’s viability and, very important, its traceability.

Resumen En los últimos años, la mejora de las técnicas de criopreservación y la diferencia de legislación entre distintos países en materia de reproducción asistida, ha propiciado que se produzca un importante flujo e intercambio de pacientes y de material biológico reproductivo entre clínicas nacionales e internacionales. España es uno de los países mejor legislados en materia de obtención, manejo, almacenaje y distribución de células y tejidos con carácter reproductivo, aunque estén bajo el paraguas de las normativas marcadas por la Unión Europea, de rango superior a las nacionales. Estas leyes, junto con las recomendaciones de las distintas sociedades científicas regulan el traslado de prembriones humanos, ovocitos o semen. Se establecen así, las condiciones técnicas para estos traslados y la documentación que cada parte del proceso (pacientes, clínica de origen, clínica de destino y empresa de transporte) está obligada a aportar con el fin de garantizar la correcta viabilidad de las muestras y, muy importante, la trazabilidad de estas desde su obtención hasta el laboratorio de destino.

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the association between ethnicity and severity of dengue infection in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods We analyzed a national database of confirmed patients with dengue; data was collected between January 3 to November 29, 2021. We extracted the following information: demographics, ethnicity, associated comorbidities and outcomes of interest (need for hospitalization and death). Exploratory analysis using Chi-square was undertaken to examine the relationship between dengue severity and ethnicity. Other covariates were also included in logistic regression models (unadjusted and adjusted). Results 5 759 patients were included in our analysis; the mean age was 27 years and 1,9% were indigenous people. There was no association between ethnicity and severity of dengue infection as measured by the percentage of people who died or required inpatient care. In the unadjusted model, we found an association between the following risk factors and need for hospitalization: age under 18 (OR: 2,48; p<0,001), living in rural areas (OR: 2,06; p<0,001), cirrhosis (OR: 5,71; p=0,033), chronic kidney disease (OR: 4,76; p=0,008) and arterial hypertension (OR: 2,57, p<0,001). In the adjusted model, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension were found to be associated with hospitalization. Conclusions In this retrospective cohort study of patients with dengue, we could not find and association between ethnicity and severity of dengue infection. Prospective studies that consider ethnicity are urgently needed.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre la etnicidad y la gravedad de la infección por el virus del dengue en población mexicana. Materiales y Métodos Se analizaron de manera retrospectiva los datos registrados por el Gobierno Federal de México con respecto a los casos confirmados de dengue. El análisis se realizó desde el 3 de enero hasta el 29 de noviembre de 2021. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio para evaluar la asociación de la etnicidad con la necesidad de hospitalización y muerte utilizando Chi-cuadrado. También se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para evaluar otros indicadores de gravedad. Resultados Se evaluaron 5 759 pacientes; la media de edad fue 27 años y el 1,9 % era indígena. No se observó una asociación significativa entre la etnicidad y la gravedad del dengue tras analizar el porcentaje de muertes y hospitalizaciones. En el modelo crudo se encontró que los factores asociados a hospitalización fueron ser menor de edad (OR: 2,48; p<0,001), vivir en una entidad de alta marginación (OR: 2,06; p<0,001), tener cirrosis hepática (OR: 5,71; p=0,033), enfermedad renal crónica (OR: 4,76; p=0,008) o hipertensión (OR: 2,57, p<0,001). La asociación se mantuvo en la mayoría de variables evaluadas en el modelo ajustado. Conclusiones No fue posible demostrar asociación entre la etnicidad y la gravedad de la infección por el virus del dengue en el presente estudio. Son necesarios estudios prospectivos con la inclusión de una mayor cantidad de pacientes de etnia indígena.

Abstract: We address some predictions derived from the biogeographic model proposed by Luis Borrero (1989-90) in order to analyze the earliest human occupations identified on the north coast of the Beagle Channel (8600-6500 cal. years BP). We examined the chronological, stratigraphic and archaeological information from the basal deposits of Imiwaia I, Binushmuka I and Túnel I to explore the formational processes and temporal structure of the archaeological contexts during the maximum extension of the Holocene marine transgression. Continuous human activity is inferred from 8600 cal. years BP on the southern coast of Tierra del Fuego. The structures of the earliest archaeological deposits indicate low-intensity and discrete occupations over time. The archaeological signal remains weak until the Holocene marine transgression reached its maximum level at approximately 7000 cal. years BP, when the formation of multicomponent archaeological deposits (shell middens) becomes visible in the region. Lastly, we discuss the implications of this information for the colonization of the Fuegian archipelago.

Resumen: Partimos de algunas predicciones derivadas del modelo biogeográfico propuesto por Luis Borrero (1989-90) para analizar las ocupaciones humanas más tempranas identificadas en la costa norte del Canal Beagle (8600-6500 años cal. AP). Examinamos la información cronológica, estratigráfica y la composición de los depósitos basales de Imiwaia I, Binushmuka I y Túnel I con el fin de explorar los procesos de formación y estructura temporal de los contextos arqueológicos en momentos previos al máximo alcance de la transgresión marina del Holoceno. Se observa una actividad humana continua en la costa sur de Tierra del Fuego desde hace al menos 8600 años cal. AP. Las estructuras de los depósitos más tempranos marcan ocupaciones con baja intensidad y discretas en el tiempo. La señal arqueológica se mantiene débil hasta que la transgresión marina del Holoceno alcanzó su máximo nivel en un momento cercano a los 7000 años cal. AP, cuando la formación de depósitos arqueológicos multicomponentes (concheros) comenzó a hacerse visible en la región. Por último, se discuten las implicaciones de esta información para el poblamiento del archipiélago fueguino.

Resumen La Dirección es fundamental para mejorar la calidad de la educación. Estudios, nacionales e internacionales, sitúan al Director como figura clave para el cambio educativo. Pero, este colectivo se encuentra sometido a mucho estrés asociado a problemáticas de liderazgo y de organización escolar, lo que conlleva malestar y falta de compromiso. Por ello, se marca como objetivo medir las dimensiones que definen el síndrome de burnout e identificar los factores de riesgo y la sintomatología que presentan los Directores. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa, mediante el pase del Cuestionario TALIS para Directores, a una muestra de 76 Directores de centros concertados de la ciudad de Valencia. Los análisis realizados son de carácter univariado y bivariado. En cuanto a los resultados, se presentan algunos indicadores asociados al Cansancio emocional, la Despersonalización y la Dificultad para el logro/realización personal, aunque mayoritariamente señalan altas valoraciones hacia el ejercicio directivo y bajos niveles de burnout en términos generales. También se evidenció la necesidad de incrementar la formación específica en liderazgo pedagógico, compartido y transformativo. Se observó, además, la necesidad de potenciar las habilidades directivas para implementar unas correctas relaciones con compañeros y familias. Las variables sexo, experiencia e incentivos no muestran diferencias significativas, por el contrario, la edad y el apoyo de los superiores sí presentan diferencias. Como conclusión, estos resultados van en la línea de otras investigaciones, proponiéndose mejoras en la profesionalización directiva, para acrecentar la calidad y la permanencia en las responsabilidades asumidas ante la eficiente gestión de la dirección escolar.

Abstract Management is essential to improve the quality of education. National and international studies place the school principal as a key figure for educational change. However, this group of school principals is subjected to a lot of stress associated with problems of leadership and school organization, which leads to discomfort and lack of commitment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the dimensions that define the burnout syndrome and to identify the risk factors and symptomatology presented by the school principals. A quantitative methodology was developed, using the TALIS Questionnaire for School Principals which was applied to a sample of 76 School Principals of subsidized centers in the city of Valencia. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out. Regarding the results, some indicators associated with Emotional Fatigue, Depersonalization and Difficulty in personal achievement/fulfillment are presented although they mostly indicate high evaluations towards the managerial exercise and low levels of burnout in general terms. The need to increase specific training in pedagogical, shared and transformative leadership is also evident. It is also necessary to enhance managerial skills to implement correct relationships with colleagues and families. The variables gender, experience and incentives do not show significant differences. On the contrary, age and support from superiors do show differences. In conclusion, these results are in line with other research that propose improvement in managerial professionalization to increase the quality and permanence in the responsibilities assumed in the efficient management of school principalship.

Resumo A Direção é fundamental para melhorar a qualidade da educação. Estudos, nacionais e internacionais, situam ao Diretor como figura chave para o câmbio educativo. Porém, este coletivo se encontra submetido a muito estresse associado a problemáticas de liderazgo e de organização escolar, o que tem como consequência mal-estar e falta de compromisso. Por isso, se marca como objetivo medir as dimensões que definem a síndrome de burnout e identificar os fatores de risco e a sintomatologia que apresentam os Diretores. Utilizou-se uma metodologia quantitativa, através do passe do Questionario TALIS para Diretores, a uma amostra de 76 Diretores de centros concertados da cidade de Valencia. As análises feitas são de caráter uni variado e bivariado. Em quanto aos resultados, apresentam-se alguns indicadores associados ao Cansaço emocional, a Despersonalização e a Dificuldade para o logro/realização pessoal, porém maioritariamente sinalam altas valorações para o exercício diretivo e baixos níveis de burnout em termos gerais. Também se viu a necessidade de incrementar a formação específica em liderança pedagógica, compartida e transformativa. Observou-se, além, a necessidade de potenciar as habilidades diretivas para implementar umas corretas relações com colegas e famílias. As variáveis sexo, experiência e incentivos não amostram diferenças significativas, pelo contrário, a idade e o apoio dos superiores sim apresentam diferenças. Como conclusão, estes resultados vão na línea de outras pesquisas, propondo-se melhoras na profissionalização diretiva, para acrescentar a qualidade e a permanência nas responsabilidades assumidas perante a eficiente gestão da administração escolar.

ABSTRACT. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was introduced in northwestern Mexico for aquaculture purposes. Although its cultivation has been successful, this species has shown high mortalities during summer. To mitigate this problem, producers have resorted to biotechnology (triploidy), whose performance -regarding diploid seedling- depends on site conditions and stocking time. Hence, uncertainty exists on its benefits under real production conditions. This research evaluates triploidy performance by implementing a dynamic simulation model considering environmental effects (temperature and chlorophyll) on culture production. The dynamic simulation was based on systems theory, dividing the productive system into two sub-models (environmental and biological), including temperature and chlorophyll effects, growth, mortality, and condition index parameterized in the function of the environmental parameters. The dynamic simulation results suggest that implementing triploid culture is advantageous in zones under high stress associated with high temperature and low productivity; likewise, triploid spat tends to show better performance independently of the site. Nevertheless, performance by ploidy varies depending on the environmental conditions of the sites.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre conflito intra-grupo e desempenho percebido no final da temporada, e examinar como a eficácia coletiva atua como uma variável mediadora nesta associação. Participaram 420 jogadores semiprofissionais e amadores (M = 22,40; DT = 4,71) de basquete, handebol, futebol e voleibol. Os resultados mostraram que o conflito intra-grupo (trabalho de casa e social) estava negativamente relacionado ao desempenho percebido da equipe e que a eficácia coletiva apresentou resultados significativos atuando como mediador entre a relação do conflito intra-grupo (trabalho de casa e social) e o desempenho percebido da equipe. Portanto, é importante destacar que o conflito intra-grupo parece agravar o funcionamento coletivo da equipe e que a eficácia coletiva pode amenizar essa relação negativa, conseguindo um aumento na percepção do desempenho da equipe no final da temporada.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre el conflicto intra-grupo y el rendimiento percibido a final de temporada, y examinar como actúa la eficacia colectiva como variable mediadora en esta asociación. Participaron 420 jugadores semi-profesionales y amateurs (M = 22,40; DT = 4,71) de baloncesto, balonmano, fútbol y voleibol. Los resultados mostraron que el conflicto intra-grupo (tarea y social) se relacionó negativamente con el rendimiento percibido del equipo, y que la eficacia colectiva mostró resultados significativos actuando como mediadora entre la relación de el conflicto intra-grupo (tarea y social) y el rendimiento percibido del equipo. Por lo tanto, es importante destacar que los conflictos intra-grupo parecen empeorar las percepciones sobre el rendimiento grupal y que la eficacia colectiva puede suavizar esta relación negativa, consiguiendo un aumento en el la percepción de los jugadores sobre el rendimiento del equipo a final de temporada.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between intra-group conflict and team perceived performance at the end of the season, and to examine the mediating effect of collective efficacy on this relationship. 420 semi-professional and amateur players (M = 22,40; SD = 4,71) of basketball, handball, soccer and volleyball participated. The results showed that intra-group conflict (task and social) was negatively related to team performance and collective efficacy showed significant results acting as a mediator between the relationship of intra-group conflict (task and social) and team perceived performance. Therefore, it is important to highlight that intra-group conflict seems to worsen the collective functioning and that collective efficacy can soften this negative relationship, achieving an increase in team performance at the end of the season.

ABSTRACTS This paper deals with the need to provide specialized content about movement security to the students of the Bachelor Education Mechanization major in the University of Holguín. The knowledge are essential to complete the academic training of the future education professionals in technical and trade schools of the Holguín province and other zones of the country. In order that, the mainspring of this work is, to fix the proposed subject syllabus titled: “Movement Security”, for this reason is based on the analysis of the need for its implementation in the curriculum of this major.

RESUMEN El presente artículo aborda la necesidad de ofrecer contenidos especializados sobre la seguridad del movimiento a los estudiantes de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación especialidad Mecanización de la Universidad de Holguín. Estos conocimientos son esenciales para completar la formación académica de los futuros profesionales de la educación de la provincia de Holguín y otras regiones del país. Por lo que constituye el móvil principal del presente trabajo, concretar la propuesta de un programa de Asignatura Propia titulado: “Seguridad del movimiento”, por esta razón se parte del análisis de la necesidad de su implementación en el currículo de esta carrera.