ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the individual use of insect repellent by women of childbearing age living in area endemic for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: This is a cohort study carried out between 2018 and 2019 with women aged between 15 and 39 years in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 1,173 women users of one of the four selected primary health care units participated in the study. The outcome was divided into: continued use, discontinued use, and nonuse of insect repellent. Crude and adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis was carried out guided by a hierarchical model, with presentation of the respective odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The independent variables include: socioeconomic and demographic data, environmental and sanitary characteristics, knowledge of the insect repellent, and behavioral and pregnancy-related aspects. Results: Only 28% of the participants reported using insect repellent during the two waves of the cohort. Women with higher education (OR=2.55; 95%CI 1.44–4.51); who are employed (OR=1.51; 95%CI 1.12–2.03); who received guidance from healthcare professionals (OR=1.74; 95%CI 1.28–2.36) and the media (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.01–2.02); who intensified precautions against mosquitoes during the epidemic (OR=3.64; 95%CI 2.29–5.78); and who were pregnant between 2016 and 2019 (OR=2.80; 95%CI 1.83–4.30) had increased odds for continued use of insect repellent. Conclusion: The use of insect repellent among women of childbearing age was associated with a higher level of education, employment, guidance on insect repellent provided by healthcare professionals and the media, behavioral changes to protect against mosquitoes during the Zika virus epidemic, and pregnancy when occurring as of the beginning of the epidemic period.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao uso de repelente individual por mulheres em idade fértil residentes em área endêmicas para arboviroses em Fortaleza, Brasil. Métodos: Coorte realizada entre 2018 e 2019, com mulheres entre 15 e 39 anos, moradoras em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Participaram 1.173 mulheres, usuárias de quatro unidades primárias de saúde do município. O desfecho foi categorizado em: uso continuado, uso descontinuado e não uso de repelente. Realizada análise de regressão logística multinominal norteada por modelo hierárquico, com apresentação dos respectivos odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). As variáveis independentes incluem: dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, características ambientais e sanitárias, conhecimento sobre o repelente e aspectos comportamentais e relacionados à gravidez. Resultados: Somente 28% das participantes referiram o uso de repelente durante as duas ondas da coorte. Mulheres com escolaridade superior (OR=2,55; IC95% 1,44–4,51); com emprego (OR=1,51; IC95% 1,12–2,03); que receberam orientações por profissionais da saúde (OR=1,74; IC95% 1,28–2,36) e pela mídia (OR=1,43; IC95% 1,01–2,02); que intensificaram os cuidados contra o mosquito na epidemia (OR=3,64; IC95% 2,29–5,78); estavam grávidas entre 2016 e 2019 (OR=2,80; IC95% 1,83–4,30) tiveram as chances aumentadas para uso continuado de repelente. Conclusões: O uso de repelente entre mulheres em idade fértil mostrou-se associado a um maior nível de escolaridade, ao emprego, às orientações sobre repelente fornecidas por profissionais de saúde e pela mídia, às mudanças comportamentais de cuidado contra o mosquito durante a epidemia da Zika e à gravidez quando ocorrida a partir do início do período epidêmico.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao uso de repelente individual por mulheres em idade fértil residentes em área endêmicas para arboviroses em Fortaleza, Brasil. Métodos: Coorte realizada entre 2018 e 2019, com mulheres entre 15 e 39 anos, moradoras em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Participaram 1.173 mulheres, usuárias de quatro unidades primárias de saúde do município. O desfecho foi categorizado em: uso continuado, uso descontinuado e não uso de repelente. Realizada análise de regressão logística multinominal norteada por modelo hierárquico, com apresentação dos respectivos odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). As variáveis independentes incluem: dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, características ambientais e sanitárias, conhecimento sobre o repelente e aspectos comportamentais e relacionados à gravidez. Resultados: Somente 28% das participantes referiram o uso de repelente durante as duas ondas da coorte. Mulheres com escolaridade superior (OR=2,55; IC95% 1,44–4,51); com emprego (OR=1,51; IC95% 1,12–2,03); que receberam orientações por profissionais da saúde (OR=1,74; IC95% 1,28–2,36) e pela mídia (OR=1,43; IC95% 1,01–2,02); que intensificaram os cuidados contra o mosquito na epidemia (OR=3,64; IC95% 2,29–5,78); estavam grávidas entre 2016 e 2019 (OR=2,80; IC95% 1,83–4,30) tiveram as chances aumentadas para uso continuado de repelente. Conclusões: O uso de repelente entre mulheres em idade fértil mostrou-se associado a um maior nível de escolaridade, ao emprego, às orientações sobre repelente fornecidas por profissionais de saúde e pela mídia, às mudanças comportamentais de cuidado contra o mosquito durante a epidemia da Zika e à gravidez quando ocorrida a partir do início do período epidêmico. Objetivo Fortaleza Brasil Métodos 201 1 3 anos Ceará 1173 173 1.17 município hierárquico OR (OR 95 IC95%. IC95 IC . (IC95%) incluem demográficos sanitárias Resultados 28 coorte OR=2,55 OR255 2 55 (OR=2,55 1,44–4,51 144451 44 4 51 1,44–4,51) OR=1,51 OR151 (OR=1,51 1,12–2,03 112203 12 03 1,12–2,03) OR=1,74 OR174 74 (OR=1,74 1,28–2,36 128236 36 OR=1,43 OR143 43 (OR=1,43 1,01–2,02 101202 01 02 1,01–2,02) OR=3,64 OR364 64 (OR=3,64 2,29–5,78 229578 29 5 78 2,29–5,78) OR=2,80 OR280 80 (OR=2,80 1,83–4,30 183430 83 30 Conclusões mostrouse mostrou se epidêmico 20 117 17 1.1 9 IC9 (IC95% OR=2,5 OR25 (OR=2,5 1,44–4,5 14445 OR=1,5 OR15 (OR=1,5 1,12–2,0 11220 0 OR=1,7 OR17 7 (OR=1,7 1,28–2,3 12823 OR=1,4 OR14 (OR=1,4 1,01–2,0 10120 OR=3,6 OR36 6 (OR=3,6 2,29–5,7 22957 OR=2,8 OR28 8 (OR=2,8 1,83–4,3 18343 11 1. (IC95 OR=2, OR2 (OR=2, 1,44–4, 1444 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1, 1,12–2, 1122 1,28–2, 1282 1,01–2, 1012 OR=3, OR3 (OR=3, 2,29–5, 2295 1,83–4, 1834 (IC9 OR=2 (OR=2 1,44–4 144 OR=1 (OR=1 1,12–2 112 1,28–2 128 1,01–2 101 OR=3 (OR=3 2,29–5 229 1,83–4 183 (IC OR= (OR= 1,44– 14 1,12– 1,28– 1,01– 10 2,29– 22 1,83– 18 1,44 1,12 1,28 1,01 2,29 1,83 1,4 1,1 1,2 1,0 2,2 1,8 1, 2,

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the individual use of insect repellent by women of childbearing age living in area endemic for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: This is a cohort study carried out between 2018 and 2019 with women aged between 15 and 39 years in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 1,173 women users of one of the four selected primary health care units participated in the study. The outcome was divided into: continued use, discontinued use, and nonuse of insect repellent. Crude and adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis was carried out guided by a hierarchical model, with presentation of the respective odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The independent variables include: socioeconomic and demographic data, environmental and sanitary characteristics, knowledge of the insect repellent, and behavioral and pregnancy-related aspects. Results: Only 28% of the participants reported using insect repellent during the two waves of the cohort. Women with higher education (OR=2.55; 95%CI 1.44–4.51); who are employed (OR=1.51; 95%CI 1.12–2.03); who received guidance from healthcare professionals (OR=1.74; 95%CI 1.28–2.36) and the media (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.01–2.02); who intensified precautions against mosquitoes during the epidemic (OR=3.64; 95%CI 2.29–5.78); and who were pregnant between 2016 and 2019 (OR=2.80; 95%CI 1.83–4.30) had increased odds for continued use of insect repellent. Conclusion: The use of insect repellent among women of childbearing age was associated with a higher level of education, employment, guidance on insect repellent provided by healthcare professionals and the media, behavioral changes to protect against mosquitoes during the Zika virus epidemic, and pregnancy when occurring as of the beginning of the epidemic period. Objective Fortaleza Brazil Methods 201 1 3 Ceará 1173 173 1,17 into model OR (OR 95 95%CI. 95CI CI . (95%CI) include data characteristics pregnancyrelated related aspects Results 28 OR=2.55 OR255 2 55 (OR=2.55 1.44–4.51 144451 44 4 51 1.44–4.51) OR=1.51 OR151 (OR=1.51 1.12–2.03 112203 12 03 1.12–2.03) OR=1.74 OR174 74 (OR=1.74 1.28–2.36 128236 36 OR=1.43 OR143 43 (OR=1.43 1.01–2.02 101202 01 02 1.01–2.02) OR=3.64 OR364 64 (OR=3.64 2.29–5.78 229578 29 5 78 2.29–5.78) OR=2.80 OR280 80 (OR=2.80 1.83–4.30 183430 83 30 Conclusion employment period 20 117 17 1,1 9 (95%CI OR=2.5 OR25 (OR=2.5 1.44–4.5 14445 OR=1.5 OR15 (OR=1.5 1.12–2.0 11220 0 OR=1.7 OR17 7 (OR=1.7 1.28–2.3 12823 OR=1.4 OR14 (OR=1.4 1.01–2.0 10120 OR=3.6 OR36 6 (OR=3.6 2.29–5.7 22957 OR=2.8 OR28 8 (OR=2.8 1.83–4.3 18343 11 1, OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. 1.44–4. 1444 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 1.12–2. 1122 1.28–2. 1282 1.01–2. 1012 OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. 2.29–5. 2295 1.83–4. 1834 OR=2 (OR=2 1.44–4 144 OR=1 (OR=1 1.12–2 112 1.28–2 128 1.01–2 101 OR=3 (OR=3 2.29–5 229 1.83–4 183 OR= (OR= 1.44– 14 1.12– 1.28– 1.01– 10 2.29– 22 1.83– 18 1.44 1.12 1.28 1.01 2.29 1.83 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 2.2 1.8 1. 2.

Resumo Fundamento: Existem poucos estudos retrospectivos e prospectivos sobre cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI) na prevenção primária e secundária de morte súbita na cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC). Objetivos: Descrever a evolução a longo prazo dos portadores de CCC com CDI e identificar e analisar os preditores de mortalidade e de terapia apropriada do dispositivo nessa população. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo histórico com 117 pacientes portadores de CDI e CCC. Dispositivos foram implantados de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2021. Fatores preditores de terapias apropriadas e mortalidade a longo prazo foram identificados e analisados. O nível de significância estatística é de p < 0,05. Resultados: Pacientes (n = 117) tiveram mediana de seguimento de 61 meses (25 a 121 meses), sendo o gênero masculino (74%) predominante e a mediana de idade de 55 anos (48 a 64 anos). Houve 43,6% de choques apropriados, 26,5% de estimulação cardíaca antitaquicardia (ATP) e 51% de terapias apropriadas. Durante o seguimento, 46 pacientes (39,7%) foram a óbito. A mortalidade foi de 6,2% pessoas-ano (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 4,6 a 8,3), com 2 mortes súbitas durante o seguimento. A prevenção secundária (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1; IC 95%: 1,1 a 4,3; p = 0,029) e a fração de ejeção menor que 30% (HR 1.8; IC 95%: 1,1 a 3,1; p < 0,05) foram preditores de terapias apropriadas. Escore de Rassi intermediário apresentou uma forte associação com ocorrência de ATP isoladamente (p = 0,015). A classe funcional IV (p = 0,007), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo < 30 (p = 0,010) e a idade maior que 75 anos (p = 0,042) foram preditores de mortalidade total. Conclusão: Os desfibriladores na CCC apresentaram elevada incidência de acionamento apropriado especialmente naqueles pacientes de prevenção secundária, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo baixa e escore de Rassi intermediário. Os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, classe funcional avançada e idade maior que 75 anos apresentaram elevada mortalidade. Fundamento (CDI . (CCC) Objetivos população Métodos Tratase Trata se 11 200 2021 analisados 005 0 05 0,05 Resultados n 6 25 (2 12 meses, , meses) 74% 74 (74% 5 48 (4 anos. anos) 436 43 43,6 apropriados 265 26 26,5 (ATP 51 4 39,7% 397 39 7 (39,7% óbito 62 6,2 pessoasano pessoas ano intervalo [IC 95% 95 4, 8,3, 83 8,3 8 3 8,3) hazard HR [HR 2.1 21 1 1, 4,3 0,029 0029 029 1.8 18 3,1 31 0,015. 0015 0,015 015 0,015) 0,007, 0007 0,007 007 0,007) 0,010 0010 010 0,042 0042 042 total Conclusão congestiva (CCC 20 202 00 0,0 ( (74 43, 26, 39,7 (39,7 6, 9 8, 2. 0,02 002 02 1. 3, 001 0,01 01 000 0,00 0,04 004 04 0, (7 39, (39, (39 (3

Abstract Background: There are few retrospective and prospective studies on implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) in primary and secondary prevention of sudden death in chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD). Objectives: To describe the long-term evolution of patients with CCHD and ICD and to identify and analyze predictors of mortality and appropriate device therapy in this population. Methods: This was a historical prospective study with 117 patients with ICD and CCHD. Devices were implanted from January 2003 to December 2021. Predictors of appropriate therapies and long-term mortality were identified and analyzed. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. Results: Patients (n = 117) had a median follow-up of 61 months (25 to 121 months); they were predominantly male (74%), with a median age of 55 years (48 to 64 years). There were 43.6% appropriate shocks, 26.5% antitachycardia pacing (ATP), and 51% appropriate therapies. During follow-up, 46 patients (39.7%) died. Mortality was 6.2% person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6 to 8.3), with 2 sudden deaths during follow-up. Secondary prevention (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.3; p = 0.029) and ejection fraction less than 30% (HR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.1; p < 0.05) were predictors of appropriate therapies. Intermediate Rassi score showed a strong association with the occurrence of ATP alone (p = 0.015). Functional class IV (p = 0.007), left ventricular ejection fraction < 30 (p = 0.010), and age above 75 years (p = 0.042) were predictors of total mortality. Conclusion: ICDs in CCHD showed a high incidence of appropriate activation, especially in patients with secondary prevention, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and intermediate Rassi score. Patients with congestive heart failure, elevated functional class, and age over 75 years showed elevated mortality. Background cardioverterdefibrillators cardioverter defibrillators (ICD . (CCHD) Objectives longterm long term population Methods 11 200 2021 analyzed 005 0 05 0.05 Results n followup follow up 6 25 (2 12 months) 74%, 74 74% , (74%) 5 48 (4 years. years) 436 43 43.6 shocks 265 26 26.5 ATP, (ATP) 51 followup, up, 4 39.7% 397 39 7 (39.7% died 62 6.2 personyears person 95 (95 CI [CI] 4. 8.3, 83 8.3 8 3 8.3) followup. up. hazard HR [HR 2.1 21 1 1. 4.3 0.029 0029 029 1.8 18 3.1 31 0.015. 0015 0.015 015 0.015) 0.007, 0007 0.007 007 0.007) 0.010, 0010 0.010 010 0.010) 0.042 0042 042 Conclusion activation failure (CCHD 20 202 00 0.0 ( (74% 43. 26. (ATP 39.7 (39.7 6. 9 (9 [CI 8. 2. 0.02 002 02 3. 001 0.01 01 000 0.00 0.04 004 04 0. (74 39. (39. (7 (39 (3

ABSTRACT Background: Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. It is a neglected tropical disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. The objective of this study was to analyze the trachoma-associated morbidity and mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2022. This ecological time-series study was based on secondary data on trachoma obtained from hospital admissions (trachoma as the primary or secondary cause) and death certificates (trachoma as the underlying or associated cause). Methods: We calculated the sex- and age-standardized rates of hospital admissions and trachoma-specific mortality according to sociodemographic variables and analyzed the spatial distribution. Results: We identified 141/263,292,807 hospital admissions (primary cause: 83.0%) and 126/27,596,830 death certificates (associated cause: 91.3%) related to trachoma. Trachoma-related sequelae were reported in 8.5% of hospital admissions and 6.3% of death certificates. Trachoma was more common in males (hospital admissions and death certificates), people aged ≥70 years (hospital admissions and death certificates), those with brown skin (hospital admissions and death certificates), and those living in the North (hospital admissions) and Northeast (death certificates) regions of Brazil. Conclusions: Despite the relatively low rates of trachoma morbidity in Brazil, the associated mortality rates are of concern. The heterogeneous patterns of occurrence in the country in terms of population and territory reinforce the need to evaluate and monitor the available data, despite the low prevalence, in order to achieve and maintain the elimination targets in Brazil in the future. Background worldwide trachomatis trachomaassociated 200 2022 timeseries time series cause. . Methods sex agestandardized age standardized trachomaspecific specific distribution Results 141263292807 141 263 292 807 141/263,292,80 83.0% 830 83 0 12627596830 126 27 596 126/27,596,83 91.3% 913 91 3 Trachomarelated 85 8 5 8.5 63 6 6.3 certificates, , 70 ≥7 Conclusions concern prevalence future 20 202 14126329280 14 26 29 80 141/263,292,8 83.0 1262759683 12 2 59 126/27,596,8 91.3 9 8. 6. 7 ≥ 1412632928 1 141/263,292, 83. 126275968 126/27,596, 91. 141263292 141/263,292 12627596 126/27,596 14126329 141/263,29 1262759 126/27,59 1412632 141/263,2 126275 126/27,5 141263 141/263, 12627 126/27, 14126 141/263 1262 126/27 1412 141/26 126/2 141/2 126/ 141/

ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C treatment by measuring sustained virologic response (SVR) and serious adverse events to help design effective interventions for reducing disease prevalence. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, real-life study of patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving DAA treatment in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected in REDCap and analyzed using R® software by the Student's t, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests, with a significance level of 5%. Results: In this study, 1075 patients who were diagnosed with hepatitis C infection between October 2015 and October 2023 were included. The mean age of the participants was 56.6 ± 11 years and 60.2% were men. The sample included 51 HIV-infected patients (6.6%), 166 (15,4%) liver transplant recipients, 34 (3,1%) kidney transplant recipients, and 446 patients with cirrhosis (41.4%). The overall SVR rate was 96.4%. The sofosbuvir/daclatasvir/ribavirin regimen used in 354 (32.9%) patients achieved an SVR of 96%. The cure rate was 96.5%, with a lower SVR in patients with cirrhosis (93.4%) than in those with less severe fibrosis (97.9%) (p=0.0015). Serious adverse events associated with ribavirin use occurred in 3.5% of patients. Conclusions: DAA treatment for hepatitis C achieved SVR in real life in all patient profiles, including transplant recipients, HIV carriers, and patients with cirrhosis. Although these drugs are safe, a few decompensated patients with cirrhosis died during treatment. Background directacting direct acting DAAs (DAAs (SVR prevalence Methods retrospective observational reallife Ceará Brazil R Students Student s t chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square Fishers Fisher tests 5 5% Results 107 201 202 566 56 6 56. 1 602 60 2 60.2 men HIVinfected infected 6.6%, 66 6.6% , (6.6%) 16 15,4% 154 15 4 (15,4% recipients 3 3,1% 31 (3,1% 44 41.4%. 414 41.4% . 41 (41.4%) 964 96 96.4% sofosbuvirdaclatasvirribavirin sofosbuvir daclatasvir 35 32.9% 329 32 9 (32.9% 96% 965 96.5% 93.4% 934 93 (93.4% 97.9% 979 97 (97.9% p=0.0015. p00015 p p=0.0015 0 0015 (p=0.0015) 3.5 Conclusions profiles carriers safe 10 20 60. 6.6 (6.6% 15,4 (15,4 3,1 (3,1 41.4 (41.4% 96.4 32.9 (32.9 96.5 93.4 (93.4 97.9 (97.9 p0001 p=0.001 001 (p=0.0015 3. 6. (6.6 15, (15, 3, (3, 41. (41.4 96. 32. (32. 93. (93. 97. (97. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.001 (6. (15 (3 (41. (32 (93 (97 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (6 (1 ( (41 (9 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (4 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e os fatores de risco associados em mulheres presas. Utilizou-se dados do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde na População Penitenciária Feminina e em Servidoras Prisionais, investigando-se características sociodemográficas, fatores das prisões, comportamentos e condições de saúde. As informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário autoaplicado, sendo a magnitude da associação estimada por odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Das 1.327 participantes, 24,4% eram hipertensas, a maioria tinha 31 anos ou mais (54,6%), 51,5% autorreferiram etnia/cor parda. Após mutual ajustamento pelos fatores de risco associados na análise bivariada, observou-se relação direta e com gradiente entre idade e HA, em que idade igual/maior a 41 anos foi associada independentemente com uma chance sete vezes maior de ter HA, se comparado a quem tem menos de 25 anos. Aquelas que autorreferiram etnia/cor negra apresentaram colesterol alto e estavam obesas, também foram associadas de forma independente com maior prevalência de HA. O maior número de pessoas com que a presa divide cela esteve associado à maior prevalência de há, sem uma relação dose-resposta. Conclui-se que idade, etnia/cor, obesidade, inatividade física e estresse são fatores de risco para HA em mulheres presas.

Abstract The scope was to estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AHT) and associated risk factors among female prisoners. Data from the National Health Survey of the Female Prison Population and Prison Guards were used, investigating sociodemographic variables, prison characteristics, health behaviors and conditions. Information was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, and the magnitude of the association was estimated by the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Of the 1,327 prisoner participants, 24.4% were hypertensive, the majority were 31 years of age or older (54.6%), and 51.5% self-reported mixed race. After adjustment for associated risk factors in the bivariate analysis, a direct relationship between age and AHT was observed, in which age equal to/over 41 years was independently associated with a 7-fold greater chance of having AHT, compared to those under 25 years of age. Those who self-reported mixed race, had high cholesterol, were obese and were also independently associated with a higher prevalence of AHT. The greater the number of people with whom the inmate shares a cell was associated with a higher prevalence of AHT, but without a dose-response relationship. The conclusion drawn is that age, race, obesity, physical inactivity and stress are risk factors for AHT in female prisoners.

Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e os fatores de risco associados em mulheres presas. Utilizou-se dados do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde na População Penitenciária Feminina e em Servidoras Prisionais, investigando-se características sociodemográficas, fatores das prisões, comportamentos e condições de saúde. As informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário autoaplicado, sendo a magnitude da associação estimada por odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Das 1.327 participantes, 24,4% eram hipertensas, a maioria tinha 31 anos ou mais (54,6%), 51,5% autorreferiram etnia/cor parda. Após mutual ajustamento pelos fatores de risco associados na análise bivariada, observou-se relação direta e com gradiente entre idade e HA, em que idade igual/maior a 41 anos foi associada independentemente com uma chance sete vezes maior de ter HA, se comparado a quem tem menos de 25 anos. Aquelas que autorreferiram etnia/cor negra apresentaram colesterol alto e estavam obesas, também foram associadas de forma independente com maior prevalência de HA. O maior número de pessoas com que a presa divide cela esteve associado à maior prevalência de há, sem uma relação dose-resposta. Conclui-se que idade, etnia/cor, obesidade, inatividade física e estresse são fatores de risco para HA em mulheres presas.

Abstract The scope was to estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AHT) and associated risk factors among female prisoners. Data from the National Health Survey of the Female Prison Population and Prison Guards were used, investigating sociodemographic variables, prison characteristics, health behaviors and conditions. Information was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, and the magnitude of the association was estimated by the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Of the 1,327 prisoner participants, 24.4% were hypertensive, the majority were 31 years of age or older (54.6%), and 51.5% self-reported mixed race. After adjustment for associated risk factors in the bivariate analysis, a direct relationship between age and AHT was observed, in which age equal to/over 41 years was independently associated with a 7-fold greater chance of having AHT, compared to those under 25 years of age. Those who self-reported mixed race, had high cholesterol, were obese and were also independently associated with a higher prevalence of AHT. The greater the number of people with whom the inmate shares a cell was associated with a higher prevalence of AHT, but without a dose-response relationship. The conclusion drawn is that age, race, obesity, physical inactivity and stress are risk factors for AHT in female prisoners.

ABSTRACT Background: To analyze the epidemiology, surveillance, and control strategies for trachoma in the state of Ceará, northeast Brazil, from 2007 to 2021. Methods: This ecological study was based on secondary data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases of the Secretary of Health of the state of Ceará. Data from school and home surveys for trachoma detection obtained during the study period were analyzed, the percentage of positivity was estimated, and sociodemographic and clinico-epidemiological factors were investigated. Results: The coverage of trachoma surveillance and control actions in Ceará municipalities increased from 12.5% in 2007 to 55.9% in 2019, but with an average restriction of 8.0% during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated trachoma positivity (mean overall positivity) was less than 5.0% (2.76%, 95% CI 1.2-5.2), with a higher proportion of cases in the 5-9-year age group (45.0%, 95% CI 44.6-45.4), in females (53.2%, 95% CI 52.8-53.6), and rural areas (52.6%, 95% CI 52.2-53.0). Positivity above 10.0% was observed in the Litoral Leste/Jaguaribe and Sertão Central regions, with a higher occurrence of the follicular inflammatory clinical form (98.1%, 95% CI 98.0-98.2). Conclusions: Trachoma remains in the state of Ceará and is likely underreported. Despite recent advances, the fragility of health surveillance activities compromises the recognition of the actual magnitude and distribution of trachoma in the state. Accurate information is fundamental for planning, monitoring, and evaluating surveillance and disease control. Background epidemiology Brazil 200 2021 Methods analyzed clinicoepidemiological clinico epidemiological investigated Results 125 12 5 12.5 559 55 9 55.9 2019 80 8 0 8.0 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic mean 50 5.0 2.76%, 276 2 76 (2.76% 95 1.25.2, 1252 1.2 5.2 , 1 1.2-5.2) 59year year 45.0%, 450 45 (45.0% 44.645.4, 446454 44.6 45.4 44 6 4 44.6-45.4) 53.2%, 532 53 (53.2% 52.853.6, 528536 52.8 53.6 52 52.8-53.6) 52.6%, 526 (52.6% 52.253.0. 522530 52.2 53.0 . 52.2-53.0) 100 10 10.0 LesteJaguaribe Leste Jaguaribe regions 98.1%, 981 98 (98.1% 98.098.2. 980982 98.0 98.2 98.0-98.2) Conclusions underreported advances planning monitoring 20 202 12. 55. 201 8. COVID1 COVID- 5. 2.76% 27 7 (2.76 25 1.25.2 1. 1.2-5.2 45.0% (45.0 645 44.645.4 44645 446 44. 454 45. 44.6-45.4 53.2% (53.2 853 52.853.6 52853 528 52. 536 53. 52.8-53.6 52.6% (52.6 253 52.253.0 52253 522 530 52.2-53.0 10. 98.1% (98.1 098 98.098.2 98098 980 98. 982 98.0-98.2 2.76 (2.7 1.25. 1.2-5. 45.0 (45. 64 44.645. 4464 44.6-45. 53.2 (53. 85 52.853. 5285 52.8-53. 52.6 (52. 52.253. 5225 52.2-53. 98.1 (98. 09 98.098. 9809 98.0-98. 2.7 (2. 1.25 1.2-5 (45 44.645 44.6-45 (53 52.853 52.8-53 (52 52.253 52.2-53 (98 98.098 98.0-98 2. (2 1.2- (4 44.64 44.6-4 (5 52.85 52.8-5 52.25 52.2-5 (9 98.09 98.0-9 ( 44.6- 52.8- 52.2- 98.0-

Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de hanseníase entre presidiárias brasileiras e identificar fatores associados à doença. Estudo transversal realizado entre 2014 e 2015 em 15 presídios femininos brasileiros. Os dados de 1.327 mulheres foram coletados por meio de autoentrevista assistida por computador e exame dermatológico e neurológico para identificar lesões suspeitas de hanseníase. A idade média foi de 33,4 anos. A suspeita de hanseníase foi identificada em 5,1% das mulheres na prisão, e a prevalência autorreferida ao longo da vida foi de 7,5%. As variáveis que se associaram à hanseníase autorrelatada ao longo da vida foram: mulheres presas uma vez com duas vezes mais chance de ter hanseníase; mulheres brancas tinham 1,4 vez mais chance de ter hanseníase do que mulheres não brancas; mulheres que conheciam alguém com hanseníase tinham 1,9 vez mais chance de ter hanseníase; e mulheres que compartilhavam uma cela com 11 ou mais mulheres tinham 2,5 vezes mais chance de ter hanseníase do que mulheres que compartilhavam uma cela com duas ou menos pessoas. A prevalencia de hanseníase entre presidiárias no Brasil foi maior do que a encontrada entre mulheres da população geral e evidencia a vulnerabilidade dessa população gerada pela pobreza pré-reclusão, bem como o potencial de transmissão na prisão.

Abstract To estimate the prevalence of leprosy among Brazilian female prisoners and identify factors associated with the disease. Cross-sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2015 in 15 Brazilian female prisons. The data of 1,327 women were collected using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing and dermatological and neurological examination to identify suspicious lesions of leprosy. The average age was 33.4 years. Suspicion of leprosy was identified in 5.1% of women in prison, and lifetime self-reported prevalence was 7.5%. The variables that were associated with lifetime self-reported leprosy were: women in prison once being twice as likely to have leprosy; white women were 1.4 time more likely to have leprosy than non-white women; women who knew someone with leprosy was 1.9 time more likely to have leprosy; and women who shared a cell with 11 or more women were 2.5 times more likely to have leprosy than women who shared a cell with two or fewer people. The leprosy prevalence among female prisoners in Brazil were greater than that found in a Brazilian woman of the general population and show the extremely high vulnerability of this population generated through pre-incarceration poverty, as well as potential transmission in prison.

Resumo A maioria das mulheres nas prisões vem das camadas mais pobres da sociedade, com acesso limitado a educação, renda e serviços de saúde. Isso contribui para o fato de que presidiárias têm maior carga de eventos adversos à saúde do que presidiários do sexo masculino e mulheres da população em geral. Objetivamos estimar a prevalência de diferentes morbidades e fatores de risco entre presidiárias no Brasil. Um total de 1.327 mulheres foram recrutadas neste estudo transversal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário de autoentrevista com áudio assistido por computador, testes rápidos de anticorpos e exame físico. As maiores prevalências foram de sífilis, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, hipertensão arterial, asma, transtornos mentais comuns e violência física grave. Em relação aos fatores de risco, 36,3% têm bom conhecimento sobre o HIV, 55,8% são fumantes, 72,3% já usaram alguma droga ilícita, 92,1% são sedentários e 92,1% mantêm alimentação não saudável. As presidiárias são desproporcionalmente afetadas por várias condições adversas de saúde. É necessário um sistema de vigilância eficaz dentro das prisões para o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce.

Abstract The majority of the women in prisons comes from the poorest strata of society with limited access to education, income and health services. This contributes to the fact that female prisoners have a higher burden of adverse health events than both male prisoners and women in general population We objectived to estimate the prevalence of different morbidities and risk factors among female prisoners in Brazil. A total of 1,327 women were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a using audio computer-assisted self-interviewing questionnaire, rapid antibody tests and physical examination. The higher prevalences was of syphilis, infection sexually disease, arterial hypertense, asthma, common mental disorders and severe physical violence. Regarding risk factors, 36.3% have good knowledge about HIV, 55.8% were smokers, 72.3% had ever used any illicit drug, 92.1% are sedentary and 92.1% maintained an unhealthy diet. Female prisoners are disproportionately affected by various adverse health conditions. There is a need for an effective surveillance system inside prisons for early diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMO Contexto: A emergência da terapia antirretroviral de alta potência, em 1996, mudou a história natural da infecção por HIV, com redução significativa de mortalidade por infecções oportunistas, mas com aumento de morbidade por doenças crônicas cardiovasculares, hepáticas e renais. Em maio de 2016, um centro de referência em transplante hepático no Nordeste do Brasil realizou o primeiro transplante hepático em portadores de HIV, com cinco outros até 2021. Métodos: Os critérios de seleção para o transplante hepático foram: boa aderência e ausência de resistência à terapia antirretroviral, carga viral indetectável, contagem de linfócitos T-CD4+ acima de 100/ mm3 e ausência de infecções oportunistas nos últimos 6 meses. Resultados: Seis transplantes hepáticos foram feitos em portadores de HIV entre maio de 2016 e maio de 2021, cinco homens, com idade média de 53,2 anos, um paciente diabético. Todos os pacientes tiveram acesso a enxertos com tempo de isquemia fria curto com média de 5 horas e 39 minutos. A sobrevida em 4 meses foi de 100%, com tempo de acompanhamento de 4-63 meses (média de 31 meses). A contagem média de linfócitos T-CD4+ pré-transplante foi de 436 células/ mm3. A média de tempo de internação foi de 16,8 dias. Um paciente teve trombose de veia cava proximal; outro teve estenose de anastomose cavo-caval, levando à ascite refratária, falência renal e disfunção de enxerto pós-transplante; e outro teve estenose de anastomose do colédoco. A imunossupressão e a profilaxia foram usadas de acordo com protocolos padrão e não houve diferenças no perfil de infecções ou de rejeição pós-transplante. Conclusão: Esta casuística ilustra que o transplante de fígado em portadores do HIV apresenta complicações usuais e sobrevida satisfatória.

ABSTRACT Background: The emergence of potent combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996 changed the natural history of HIV infection, with a significant reduction in mortality due to opportunistic infections but increased morbidity due to chronic cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases. In May 2016, a reference center for liver transplantation in the Northeast of Brazil performed the first liver transplantations (LT) in HIV patients, with five others until 2021. Methods: The criteria for selection of LT were good adherence and absence of resistance to ART, HIV viral load maximum suppression, T-CD4+ lymphocyte count of more than 100 cells/mm3, and absence of opportunistic infections in the last 6 months. Results: Six liver transplants were performed between May 2016 and May 2021, five men, with a mean age of 53.2 years, and one was a diabetic patient. All patients had access to grafts with short cold ischemia with a mean time of 5 hours and 39 minutes. The 4-month survival rate was 100%, with a range time of follow-up of 4-63 months (mean time of 31 months). The mean pre-transplant T-CD4+ lymphocyte count was 436 cells/mm3. The mean length of hospital stay after transplantation was 16.8 days. One patient presented precocious vena cava thrombosis; another had stenosis of cavocaval anastomosis leading to refractory ascites, renal failure and post-transplant graft dysfunction, and another presented stenosis of choledochal anastomosis. Immunosuppression and prophylaxis were used according to standard protocols, and there were no differences in the profile of infections or rejection after liver transplantation. Conclusion: This case series documents good survival and usual transplant procedures for confirmed HIV cases.

ABSTRACT Background: The Neural Clinical Score for tuberculosis (NCS-TB) is a computer system developed to improve the triage of presumed pulmonary TB (pPTB). Methods: A study was performed with cohorts of pPTB patients cared for at a reference hospital in Northeast Brazil. Results: The NCS-TB sensitivity was 76.5% for TB diagnosis, which shortened the time from triage to smear microscopy results (3.3 to 2.5 days; p<0.001) and therapy initiation (6.7 to 4.1 days; p=0.045). Conclusions: Although the NCS-TB was not suitable as a screening tool, it was able to optimize laboratory diagnosis and shorten the time to treatment initiation.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o perfil cienciométrico das pesquisas sobre tracoma no Brasil. MÉTODOS Pesquisa bibliográfica de publicações sobre tracoma no Brasil indexadas pela base de dados da Scopus, a partir de critérios específicos no período de 2000 a 2020. Foram extraídos e analisados dados sobre autoria, país de origem, instituições e descritores, com análises de tendências temporais. As redes bibliográficas foram construídas via software de visualização cienciométrica VOSviewer® 1.6.16. RESULTADOS Do total de 42 publicações analisadas sobre tracoma no Brasil, observou-se média anual de dois artigos, com incremento de aproximadamente 50% no período. Verificou-se média de três autores por documento e os inquéritos escolares foram a categoria de assunto mais comum. Os artigos publicados provêm majoritariamente de instituições brasileiras (95,2%), principalmente das sediadas nas regiões Sudeste e Norte. Dez autores mais produtivos estão mencionados nas primeiras autorias em 26,2% (11/42) das publicações e as instituições predominantes estão afiliadas ao estado de São Paulo. O termo Trachoma (n = 18) apresenta maior recorrência como descritor. CONCLUSÃO Esta primeira análise cienciométrica sobre tracoma no Brasil evidencia limitado número de pesquisas sobre essa doença. Há discreto incremento da produção científica, apesar da concentração da origem em áreas geográficas com menor endemicidade da doença. Maiores investimentos são necessários para o melhor entendimento e controle dessa doença tropical negligenciada. A análise da produção bibliográfica tem papel relevante para fortalecimento do desenvolvimento de pesquisas e planejamento estratégico de programas para o controle de tracoma e doenças tropicais negligenciadas em geral.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the scientometric profile of research on trachoma in Brazil. METHODS Bibliographic research of publications on trachoma in Brazil indexed by the Scopus database from 2000 to 2020, based on specific criteria. Data on authorship, country of origin, institutions, and keywords were collected and analyzed with analysis of time trends. Bibliographic networks were constructed via a scientometric visualization software—VOSviewer® 1.6.16. RESULTS We analyzed 42 publications on trachoma in Brazil. The annual average was two articles, with an increase of about 50% during the period. The average number of authors was three per document and school surveys were the most common subject category. Most published articles came from Brazilian institutions (95.2%), mainly those based in Southeast and North Brazil. Of the most productive authors, 10 were mentioned as first author in 26.2% of publications (11/42) and the predominant institutions are based in the state of São Paulo. The term “trachoma” (n = 18) was the most recurrent keyword. CONCLUSION This first scientometric analysis of research on trachoma in Brazil showed a limited number of studies on this disease. The scientific production slightly increased, although the origin of many studies is geographical areas with lower endemicity of this disease. Greater investments are needed for a better understanding and control of this neglected tropical disease. The analysis of bibliographic production on this topic is important to strengthen the development of research and strategic planning of programs for the control of trachoma and neglected tropical diseases in general.

Abstract To estimate the prevalence of leprosy among Brazilian female prisoners and identify factors associated with the disease. Cross-sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2015 in 15 Brazilian female prisons. The data of 1,327 women were collected using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing and dermatological and neurological examination to identify suspicious lesions of leprosy. The average age was 33.4 years. Suspicion of leprosy was identified in 5.1% of women in prison, and lifetime self-reported prevalence was 7.5%. The variables that were associated with lifetime self-reported leprosy were: women in prison once being twice as likely to have leprosy; white women were 1.4 time more likely to have leprosy than non-white women; women who knew someone with leprosy was 1.9 time more likely to have leprosy; and women who shared a cell with 11 or more women were 2.5 times more likely to have leprosy than women who shared a cell with two or fewer people. The leprosy prevalence among female prisoners in Brazil were greater than that found in a Brazilian woman of the general population and show the extremely high vulnerability of this population generated through pre-incarceration poverty, as well as potential transmission in prison.

Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de hanseníase entre presidiárias brasileiras e identificar fatores associados à doença. Estudo transversal realizado entre 2014 e 2015 em 15 presídios femininos brasileiros. Os dados de 1.327 mulheres foram coletados por meio de autoentrevista assistida por computador e exame dermatológico e neurológico para identificar lesões suspeitas de hanseníase. A idade média foi de 33,4 anos. A suspeita de hanseníase foi identificada em 5,1% das mulheres na prisão, e a prevalência autorreferida ao longo da vida foi de 7,5%. As variáveis que se associaram à hanseníase autorrelatada ao longo da vida foram: mulheres presas uma vez com duas vezes mais chance de ter hanseníase; mulheres brancas tinham 1,4 vez mais chance de ter hanseníase do que mulheres não brancas; mulheres que conheciam alguém com hanseníase tinham 1,9 vez mais chance de ter hanseníase; e mulheres que compartilhavam uma cela com 11 ou mais mulheres tinham 2,5 vezes mais chance de ter hanseníase do que mulheres que compartilhavam uma cela com duas ou menos pessoas. A prevalencia de hanseníase entre presidiárias no Brasil foi maior do que a encontrada entre mulheres da população geral e evidencia a vulnerabilidade dessa população gerada pela pobreza pré-reclusão, bem como o potencial de transmissão na prisão.