Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el perfil metabólico y antropométrico, por metas individualizadas, en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que asistieron a consulta especializada e ingresaron desde junio 2015 hasta julio 2016 a un seguimiento durante seis meses, categorizados según guías clínicas: 1. Adulto saludable, 2. Adulto complejo y adulto mayor saludable, 3. Adulto mayor complejo y 4. Adulto mayor muy complejo. Durante los controles recibieron educación y se registraron: peso, índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, porcentaje de grasa, glucemia, hemoglobina A glicosilada, colesterol, LDL, HDL y triglicéridos. Se compararon metas individualizadas entre categorías. Resultados: se analizaron 36 pacientes. La comorbilidad y complicación más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial (63,9%) y la neuropatía diabética (64.7%), respectivamente. Al sexto mes, la meta de hemoglobina A glicosilada se logró en 58,3%; se observó reducción de peso 1 kg y de índice de masa corporal 0,5 kg/m2, con promedio 27,6 kg/m2; el porcentaje de grasa abdominal y el perímetro abdominal se mantuvieron estables. Por metas individualizadas la categoría 1 tuvo mayor cumplimiento de meta en glucemia basal y la categoría 3 en hemoglobina A glicosilada. Conclusiones: el seguimiento y la educación permanente a cada paciente y familia permiten valorar la mejoría de metas metabólicas y variables antropométricas, facilitan el fortalecimiento de la relación médico-paciente y permiten evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones. Sin embargo, es necesario organizar programas interdisciplinarios para optimizar el control de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the metabolic and anthropometric profile, by individualised targets, in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: An observational, prospective study carried out on patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 that attended a specialised clinic and were enrolled from June 2015 to July 2016, to a follow-up of six months They were classified according to clinical guidelines as; 1. healthy adult, 2. Complex adult and older health adult, 3. Complex older adult, and 4. Very complex older adult. During the follow-up they received education and a record was made of; weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, percentage fat, blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin A, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. The individualised targets were compared between categories. Results: The analysis included a total of 36 patients. The most frequent comorbidity and complication was arterial hypertension (63.9%), and diabetic neuropathy (64.7%), respectively. At the sixth month, the glycosylated haemoglobin A target was achieved in 58.3%. A weight reduction of 1 kg was observed, as well as a reduction of 0.5 kg/m2 in BMI, with a mean of 27.6 kg/m2, The percentage of abdominal fat and the abdominal circumference remained stable. By individualised targets, Category 1 had a greater compliance in baseline blood glucose, and Category 3 in glycosylated haemoglobin A. Conclusions: The follow-up and education of each patient and family help to improve the metabolic targets and the anthropometric variables. This also strengthened the doctor-patient relationship, and enabled the impact of the interventions to be evaluated. However, inter-disciplinary program need to be organised in order to optimise control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.