RESUMO Vários estudos etnobotânicos destacaram a importância da ameixa amarela como espécie vegetal útil no Nordeste brasileiro. Para domesticar e incorporar uma espécie nativa em sistemas produtivos é necessário obter informações sobre seu desenvolvimento e variação genética. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variabilidade genética de indivíduos de X. americana, acessada por marcadores moleculares amplificados ao acaso (RAPD). Foram utilizados 26 genótipos de X. americana, coletados na reserva particular Fazenda Canto das Emas, na cidade de Caturité, estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Por meio da técnica RAPD, foi possível avaliar as diferenças genéticas entre genótipos nativos em uma população de ameixa silvestre. Baseado no coeficiente de dissimilaridade de Sokas e Rohlf, foi possível formar quatro grupos distintos pelo método UPGMA. O coeficiente de correlação cofenética foi de 0,83, revelando variabilidade na consistência do padrão de agrupamento. Os genótipos de X. americana apresentam diversidade genética detectada por marcadores RAPD, que têm se mostrado eficientes na caracterização de indivíduos. Os genótipos 4, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 24, e 25 são os mais divergentes e devem ser utilizados em estratégias de conservação e programas de melhoramento. brasileiro X RAPD. RAPD . (RAPD) 2 Emas Caturité Paraíba Brasil silvestre Rohlf UPGMA 083 0 83 0,83 agrupamento 4 8 9 11 13 14 15 16 18 21 24 melhoramento (RAPD 08 0,8 1 0,

ABSTRACT Several ethnobotanical studies highlighted the importance of yellow plum as a useful plant species in the Brazilian Northeast region. In order to domesticate and incorporate a native species in production systems it is necessary to obtain information on its development and genetic variation. This work aimed to analyze the genetic variability of individuals of X. americana, accessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. 26 genotypes of X. americana, randomly collected at the private reserve Campo das Emas Farm located in the Caturité City, Paraíba State, Brazil, were used in the study. Through the RAPD technique it was possible to assess the genetic variations among native genotypes within a wild plum population. Based on Sokal and Rohlf dissimilarity coefficient it was possible to form four distinct groups using the UPGMA method. The Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient was 0.83, revealing variability in the consistency of the cluster pattern. The genotypes of X. americana have genetic diversity detected by RAPD markers, which have shown to be efficient in characterizing individuals. Genotypes 4, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 24, and 25 are the most divergent and should be used in conservation strategies and breeding programs. region variation X (RAPD markers 2 City State Brazil study population method 083 0 83 0.83 pattern 4 8 9 11 13 14 15 16 18 21 24 programs 08 0.8 1 0.

This work describes the multigram-scale synthesis of the building-block N1 (7 chloroquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine via sonochemistry and its use in the synthesis of seven new quinoline-thiazole hybrids endowed with interesting anticancer activity. Target compounds were planned based on the drugs chloroquine and primaquine and the desired thiazoles were obtained through the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis, without the use of catalysts, by reacting key intermediate 1-(2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)thiourea, obtained in two-steps from N1 (7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, with different 2-bromoacetophenones. The novel molecules were assessed against four different leukemia cell lines (HL60, K562, KASUMI-1, and KG-1) plus normal fibroblasts (L929), using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and showed, overall, a high cytotoxic profile, but with interesting selectivity index, especially against K562 cells (1.89 to 5.50), when compared to standard doxorubicin (3.51). Docking studies suggest that all tested derivatives are able to interact with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase enzyme, and, therefore, these molecules may be promising leads against chronic myeloid leukemia. multigramscale multigram scale buildingblock building block N 7 ( chloroquinolin4ylethane1,2diamine chloroquinolin4ylethane12diamine chloroquinolinylethanediamine chloroquinolin 4 yl ethane 1,2 diamine 1 2 quinolinethiazole quinoline activity catalysts 127chloroquinolin4ylaminoethylthiourea, 127chloroquinolin4ylaminoethylthiourea chloroquinolinylaminoethylthiourea amino ethyl thiourea, thiourea 1-(2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)thiourea twosteps two steps 7chloroquinolin4ylethane1,2diamine, 7chloroquinolin4ylethane12diamine diamine, (7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine 2bromoacetophenones. 2bromoacetophenones bromoacetophenones bromoacetophenones. 2-bromoacetophenones HL60, HL60 HL (HL60 K KASUMI1, KASUMI1 KASUMI 1, KASUMI-1 KG1 KG KG-1 L929, L929 L , (L929) 34,5dimethyl2thiazol2,5diphenyl2Htetrazolium 345dimethyl2thiazol25diphenyl2Htetrazolium dimethylthiazoldiphenylHtetrazolium 3 4,5 dimethyl thiazol 2,5 diphenyl 2H tetrazolium 5 H MTT (MTT assay showed overall profile index K56 1.89 189 89 (1.8 5.50, 550 5.50 50 5.50) 3.51. 351 3.51 . 51 (3.51) BCRABL1 BCRABL BCR ABL1 ABL BCR-ABL enzyme therefore chloroquinolin4ylethane1 2diamine ylethane 12 ylaminoethylthiourea 7chloroquinolin4ylethane1 7chloroquinolin4ylethane1,2diamine HL6 (HL6 KASUMI- KG- L92 (L929 34 5dimethyl2thiazol2 5diphenyl2Htetrazolium Htetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, K5 1.8 18 8 (1. 55 5.5 35 3.5 (3.51 chloroquinolinylethane chloroquinolin4ylethane 7chloroquinolin4ylethane (HL L9 (L92 dimethylthiazol 5dimethyl2thiazol diphenylHtetrazolium 1. (1 5. 3. (3.5 (L9 (3. (L (3

Stemodin (1) is a diterpene produced by Stemodia maritima L. (Scrophulariaceae) and shows antiviral and tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Chemical modifications of 1 were performed to produce the known stemodinone (2), two new stemodinone oximes, Z (3) and E (4), and seven new oxime esters derivatives (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11). All derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in HL60 (promyelocytic leukemia), SNB-19 (astrocytoma), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), and PC3 (prostate) human cancer cell lines, and L929 (healthy murine cells). Oximes 3 and 4 showed lower cytotoxic values than 1 against all cancer cell lines tested. However, esters 9 and 10 exhibited cell growth inhibition percentages higher than 1 against PC3, SNB-19, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, ranging from 62.96 to 94.27%. Many of these values exceed that presented by doxorubicin (66.05-86.87%). All compounds showed no cytotoxic effect on healthy cells at the tested concentration of 25 µg mL-1. (1 L Scrophulariaceae (Scrophulariaceae activities 2, 2 , (2) oximes (3 4, (4) 5, 5 (5 6 7 8 11. 11 . 11) HL HL6 promyelocytic leukemia, leukemia leukemia) SNB19 SNB 19 SNB-1 astrocytoma, astrocytoma (astrocytoma) HCT116 HCT 116 HCT-11 colon carcinoma, carcinoma carcinoma) PC prostate (prostate L92 cells. cells) However SNB19, 19, 6296 62 96 62.9 9427 94 27 94.27% 66.0586.87%. 66058687 66.05 86.87% 66 05 86 87 (66.05-86.87%) mL1. mL1 mL 1. mL-1 ( (2 (4 SNB1 SNB- (astrocytoma HCT11 HCT-1 L9 629 62. 942 94.27 0586 66.0586.87% 6605868 6605 66.0 8687 86.87 0 (66.05-86.87% mL- HCT1 HCT- 94.2 058 66.0586.87 660586 660 66. 868 86.8 (66.05-86.87 94. 66.0586.8 66058 86. (66.05-86.8 66.0586. (66.05-86. 66.0586 (66.05-86 66.058 (66.05-8 (66.05- (66.05 (66.0 (66. (66 (6

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of spineless cactus of the genus Nopalea, F-21 (Nopalea cochenillifera Dyck), IPA-Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera Dyck) and Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck), in different phenophases. There was no effect (P < 0.05) of the phenological phases of spineless cactus on DM, ash, OM, EE, and CP. Varieties F-21 and Miúda presented higher values of DM and OM, whereas the CP was higher for IPA-Sertânia. The contents of NDF, ADF, and ADL, as well as the fractions of carbohydrates B2 and C were higher in the mature stage, irrespective of the variety. The Miúda variety showed higher levels of NFC and fractions A + B1 and the lower levels of pectin compared to the F-21 and IPA-Sertânia varieties, but not differ of TC to F-21. The volume of gas produced via the degradation of NFC was higher for young phenological phases. The young and intermediate stages showed a higher in vitro digestibility of DM. Based on the results, varieties IPA-Sertânia and Miúda have a high potential for use in animal feed because of their high nutritional quality. Mature cladodes showed a higher fibrous fraction and lower digestibility in all varieties. Nopalea F21 F 21 F-2 Dyck, Dyck , IPASertânia IPA Sertânia phenophases P 0.05 005 0 05 ash OM EE IPASertânia. Sertânia. NDF ADF ADL B stage F21. 21. results quality F2 2 F- 0.0 00 0.

Abstract The disease coronavirus COVID-19 has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. Among the proteins of SARS-CoV-2, non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) plays a key role during COVID infection and is part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The monitoring of NSP12 polymorphisms is extremely important for the design of new antiviral drugs and monitoring of viral evolution. This study analyzed the NSP12 mutations detected in circulating SARS-CoV-2 during the years 2020 to 2022 in the population of the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The most frequent mutations found were P323L and G671S. Reports in the literature indicate that these mutations are related to transmissibility efficiency, which may have contributed to the extremely high numbers of cases in this location. In addition, two mutations described here (E796D and R914K) are close and have RMSD that is similar to the mutations M794V and N911K, which have been described in the literature as influential on the performance of the NSP12 enzyme. These data demonstrate the need to monitor the emergence of new mutations in NSP12 in order to better understand their consequences for the treatments currently used and in the design of new drugs. COVID19 19 COVID-1 worldwide SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2, 2 nonstructural non structural 1 NSP (NSP12 RNAdependent dependent complex NSP1 evolution SARS-CoV- 202 Manaus Amazonas Brazil PL P L G671S GS G S efficiency location addition E796D ED E D R914K RK R K MV M V N911K NK N enzyme COVID1 COVID- (NSP1 SARS-CoV 20 (NSP

In the present study, non-thermal plasma (NTP) of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was used to investigate the precipitation of salt from hypersaline waters obtained by evaporating seawater. A dripper was used to release drops of water over the NTP discharge between the droplet surface and a copper ring in a glass tub working as a DBD. Results showed that the precipitation rate of the NTP-treated solution was significantly higher than that of the untreated solution, with a larger number of small crystals formed, and multiple charged ions preferentially precipitated. These findings suggest that the external electric field from NTP aligns and weakens the hydration of ions, leading to the binding of dehydrated cations and anions, and inducing nucleation/precipitation. Additionally, the NTP discharge channels formed at the gas-liquid interface cause rapid dehydration of ions, which further induce nucleation and crystal formation. This could explain the preferential precipitation of small crystals containing multiple charged ions. Overall, the results demonstrate that NTP-DBD is a promising approach for efficient precipitation of salts from hypersaline waters. study nonthermal non thermal (NTP DBD (DBD seawater NTPtreated treated precipitated anions nucleationprecipitation nucleation/precipitation Additionally gasliquid gas liquid formation Overall NTPDBD

Resumo Antecedentes As lipofuscinoses ceroides neuronais (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, NCLs, em inglês) são um grupo de doenças autossômicas recessivas, hereditárias, lisossomais e neurodegenerativas que causam demência progressiva, crises epiléticas, distúrbios de movimento, atraso/regressão da linguagem, deficiência visual progressiva e morte precoce. A lipofuscinose ceroide neuronal tipo 2 (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2, CLN2, em inglês), causada por variantes patogênicas bialélicas do gene TPP1, é a única com terapia-alvo aprovada. O diagnóstico laboratorial é realizado por testes específicos, o que leva a atrasos diagnósticos e, consequentemente, prejudica a disponibilização de tratamento. A epilepsia é uma característica comum e clinicamente identificável entre as NCLs, e o início das convulsões é o principal motivo para as famílias buscarem atendimento médico. Objetivo Avaliar os resultados do Programa de Epilepsia e Genética da América Latina, um painel genético, como uma ferramenta abrangente para a investigação de CLN2 entre outras causas genéticas de epilepsia. Métodos Um total de 1.284 pacientes com epilepsia sem uma causa específica e que tinham pelo menos 1 sintoma associado à CLN2 foram rastreados em busca de variantes em 160 genes associados à epilepsia ou a distúrbios metabólicos que apresentam epilepsia, por meio de um painel genético. Resultados Variantes do gene TPP1 foram identificadas em 25 indivíduos (1,9%), sendo que ; 21 apresentavam duas variantes. As duas variantes mais frequentes foram p.Arg208* e p.Asp276Val, e duas variantes novas foram detectadas neste: p.Leu308Pro e c.89 + 3G > C Intron 2. Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que os painéis genéticos de epilepsia podem ser uma ferramenta útil para confirmar ou excluir o diagnóstico de CLN2 e, se confirmado, fornecer tratamento específico para os pacientes. NCLs inglês recessivas hereditárias epiléticas movimento atrasoregressão atraso regressão linguagem precoce CLN inglês, , TPP terapiaalvo terapia alvo aprovada específicos consequentemente médico Latina genético 1284 284 1.28 16 1,9%, 19 1,9% 9 (1,9%) pArg208 pArg p Arg208 Arg p.Arg208 pAsp276Val pAspVal Asp276Val Asp Val p.Asp276Val neste pLeu308Pro pLeuPro Leu308Pro Leu Pro c89 c 89 c.8 G confirmado 128 28 1.2 1,9 (1,9% pArg20 Arg20 p.Arg20 pAsp AspVal pLeu LeuPro c8 8 c. 12 1. 1, (1,9 pArg2 Arg2 p.Arg2 (1, p.Arg (1 (

Abstract Background Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of autosomal recessive, inherited, lysosomal, and neurodegenerative diseases that causes progressive dementia, seizures, movement disorders, language delay/regression, progressive visual failure, and early death. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2), caused by biallelic pathogenic variants of the TPP1 gene, is the only NCL with an approved targeted therapy. The laboratory diagnosis of CLN2 is established through highly specific tests, leading to diagnostic delays and eventually hampering the provision of specific treatment for patients with CLN2. Epilepsy is a common and clinically-identifiable feature among NCLs, and seizure onset is the main driver for families to seek medical care. Objective To evaluate the results of the Latin America Epilepsy and Genetics Program, an epilepsy gene panel, as a comprehensive tool for the investigation of CLN2 among other genetic causes of epilepsy. Methods A total of 1,284 patients with epilepsy without a specific cause who had at least 1 symptom associated with CLN2 were screened for variants in 160 genes associated with epilepsy or metabolic disorders presenting with epilepsy through an epilepsy gene panel. Results Variants of the TPP1 gene were identified in 25 individuals (1.9%), 21 of them with 2 variants. The 2 most frequently reported variants were p.Arg208* and p.Asp276Val, and 2 novel variants were detected in the present study: p.Leu308Pro and c.89 + 3G > C Intron 2. Conclusion The results suggest that these genetic panels can be very useful tools to confirm or exclude CLN2 diagnosis and, if confirmed, provide disease-specific treatment for the patients. (NCL recessive inherited lysosomal dementia seizures delayregression delay regression delay/regression failure death CLN2, CLN , (CLN2) TPP therapy tests clinicallyidentifiable clinically identifiable NCLs care Program panel 1284 284 1,28 16 1.9%, 19 1.9% 9 (1.9%) pArg208 pArg p Arg208 Arg p.Arg208 pAsp276Val pAspVal Asp276Val Asp Val p.Asp276Val study pLeu308Pro pLeuPro Leu308Pro Leu Pro c89 c 89 c.8 G confirmed diseasespecific disease (CLN2 128 28 1,2 1.9 (1.9% pArg20 Arg20 p.Arg20 pAsp AspVal pLeu LeuPro c8 8 c. (CLN 12 1, 1. (1.9 pArg2 Arg2 p.Arg2 (1. p.Arg (1 (

Resumo O Ganoderma lingzhi é amplamente conhecido por suas propriedades medicinais, apresentando diversas substâncias bioativas com potencial aplicação farmacêutica e industrial. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de biomassa micelial, enzimas extracelulares e compostos antioxidantes por G. lingzhi através de fermentação submersa. G. lingzhi foi cultivado em meios de Polissacarídeo (POL) e Melin-Norkrans (MNM) por 7 dias. As atividades de celulases, xilanases, pectinases, lacases e proteases foram quantificadas no caldo de cultura, enquanto o potencial antioxidante foi avaliado para a biomassa micelial. G. lingzhi mostrou maior produção de biomassa em MNM. No entanto, exibiu características microestruturais semelhantes em ambos os meios de cultura. No POL, houve maior atividade de CMCase (0,229 U/mL), xilanase (0,780 U/mL), pectinase (0,447 U/mL) e proteases (16,13 U/mL). FPase não diferiu (0,01 U/mL), e lacase foi detectada apenas em MNM (0,122 U/mL). O extrato aquoso de biomassa de MNM apresentou altos níveis de compostos fenólicos (951,97 mg AGE/100 g). A inibição do DPPH• (90,55%) e o poder redutor (0,456) foram maiores no meio MNM, enquanto a inibição do ABTS•+ (99,95%) e a capacidade quelante (54,86%) foram maiores no POL. Assim, o meio MNM foi mais favorável para a produção de biomassa micelial e compostos fenólicos, enquanto o meio POL favoreceu a síntese e excreção de enzimas hidrolíticas. medicinais industrial G submersa (POL MelinNorkrans Melin Norkrans (MNM dias celulases xilanases pectinases cultura entanto 0,229 0229 0 229 (0,22 U/mL, UmL U/mL , U mL 0,780 0780 780 (0,78 0,447 0447 447 (0,44 16,13 1613 16 13 (16,1 U/mL. . 0,01 001 01 (0,0 0,122 0122 122 (0,12 951,97 95197 951 97 (951,9 AGE100 AGE 100 AGE/10 g. g g) DPPH 90,55% 9055 90 55 (90,55% 0,456 0456 456 (0,456 ABTS ABTS• 99,95% 9995 99 95 (99,95% 54,86% 5486 54 86 (54,86% Assim hidrolíticas 0,22 022 22 (0,2 0,78 078 78 (0,7 0,44 044 44 (0,4 16,1 161 1 (16, 0,0 00 (0, 0,12 012 12 (0,1 951,9 9519 9 (951, AGE10 10 AGE/1 90,55 905 5 (90,55 0,45 045 45 (0,45 99,95 999 (99,95 54,86 548 8 (54,86 0,2 02 2 0,7 07 0,4 04 4 16, (16 0, (0 0,1 951, (951 AGE1 AGE/ 90,5 (90,5 99,9 (99,9 54,8 (54,8 (1 ( (95 90, (90, 99, (99, 54, (54, (9 (90 (99 (54 (5

Abstract Ganoderma lingzhi is widely reported for its medicinal properties, presenting several bioactive substances with potential pharmaceutical and industrial application. This study aimed to evaluate the production of mycelial biomass, extracellular enzymes and antioxidant compounds by G. lingzhi under submerged fermentation. G. lingzhi was cultured in Polysaccharide (POL) and Melin-Norkrans (MNM) media for 7 days. The cellulases, xylanases, pectinases, laccases, and proteases activities were quantified in the culture broth, while the antioxidant potential was evaluated for the mycelial biomass. G. lingzhi showed higher biomass production in MNM. However, it exhibited similar microstructural characteristics in both culture media. In the POL there was greater activity of CMCase (0.229 U/mL), xylanase (0.780 U/mL), pectinase (0.447 U/mL) and proteases (16.13 U/mL). FPase did not differ (0.01 U/mL), and laccase was detected only in MNM (0.122 U/mL). The biomass water extract from MNM showed high levels of phenolic compounds (951.97 mg AGE/100 g). DPPH• inhibition (90.55%) and reducing power (0.456) were higher in MNM medium, while ABTS•+ inhibition (99.95%) and chelating ability (54.86%) were higher in POL. Thus, the MNM medium was more favorable to the production of mycelial biomass and phenolic compounds, while the POL medium favored the synthesis and excretion of hydrolytic enzymes. properties application G fermentation (POL MelinNorkrans Melin Norkrans (MNM days cellulases xylanases pectinases laccases broth However 0.229 0229 0 229 (0.22 U/mL, UmL U/mL , U mL 0.780 0780 780 (0.78 0.447 0447 447 (0.44 16.13 1613 16 13 (16.1 U/mL. . 0.01 001 01 (0.0 0.122 0122 122 (0.12 951.97 95197 951 97 (951.9 AGE100 AGE 100 AGE/10 g. g g) DPPH 90.55% 9055 90 55 (90.55% 0.456 0456 456 (0.456 ABTS ABTS• 99.95% 9995 99 95 (99.95% 54.86% 5486 54 86 (54.86% Thus 0.22 022 22 (0.2 0.78 078 78 (0.7 0.44 044 44 (0.4 16.1 161 1 (16. 0.0 00 (0. 0.12 012 12 (0.1 951.9 9519 9 (951. AGE10 10 AGE/1 90.55 905 5 (90.55 0.45 045 45 (0.45 99.95 999 (99.95 54.86 548 8 (54.86 0.2 02 2 0.7 07 0.4 04 4 16. (16 0. (0 0.1 951. (951 AGE1 AGE/ 90.5 (90.5 99.9 (99.9 54.8 (54.8 (1 ( (95 90. (90. 99. (99. 54. (54. (9 (90 (99 (54 (5

Resumo O gênero Culicoides é um diminuto diptero da família Ceratopogonidae com distribuição mundial. Devido aos seus hábitos hematófagos, as espécies desse gênero são um incômodo para os humanos e animais domésticos transmitem protozoários, vermes filariais, bem como, diversos arbovírus. A região Nordeste do Brasil é caracterizada por clima semiárido e poucos corpos d’água, o que não favorece criadouros de ceratopogonídeos. Além do fator climático, estudos sobre mosquitos picadores são escassos nesta região geográfica. O município de Pacoti, localizado na Serra de Baturité, no Ceará, é uma importante área de produção agrícola e ecoturismo; além disso, Pacoti está localizada na área de preservação ambiental. Devido à importância médica e veterinária desses maruins, foi então realizada uma pesquisa em Pacoti. Para a captura das amostras foram utilizadas armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC em áreas florestadas is, onde as coletas foram realizadas em dois períodos: março de 2015 e agosto de 2022. Das 17 espécies encontradas nesse estudo, 12 são novos registros para o município de Pacoti, nove são novos registros para o estado do Ceará e quatro são registrados pela primeira vez para a região Nordeste. Das espécies vetoras incriminadas temos: C. paraensis, C. insignis e C. pusillus. O conhecimento da biodiversidade e a atualização da distribuição geográfica dos Culicoides poderão contribuir para medidas de controle de doenças transmitidas por vetores no Ceará. mundial hematófagos protozoários filariais como arbovírus dágua, dágua d água, água d’água ceratopogonídeos climático Baturité ecoturismo disso ambiental maruins is períodos 201 2022 1 estudo temos C paraensis pusillus 20 202 2

Abstract Culicoides is a small dipteran genus of Ceratopogonidae Family with worldwide distribution. Due to their hematophagous habits, species within this genus are a biting nuisance to humans and domestic animals. They also transmit protozoa, filarial worms, and several arboviruses. The Northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by a semi-arid climate and few bodies of water, which does not favor breeding sites for ceratopogonids. In addition to the climatic factor, studies on Biting Midges Culicoides are scarce in this geographic region. The municipality of Pacoti, located in Serra de Baturité, in Ceará, is an important area for agricultural production and ecotourism; also, Pacoti is located in an environmental protection area. Due to the medical and veterinary importance of these biting midges, a survey was conducted in Pacoti. For capture, CDC-type light traps were used near forested areas, where collections were carried out during two periods: March 2015, and August 2022. Of the 17 species found, 12 are new records for the municipality of Pacoti, nine are new records for the state of Ceará, and four are recorded for the first time for the Northeast region. Of the registered incriminated vectors, we found C. paraensis, C. insignis, and C. pusillus. The knowledge of biodiversity and geographic distribution update of Culicoides may contribute to prevention and control measures for vector-borne diseases in Ceará. habits animals protozoa worms arboviruses semiarid semi arid water ceratopogonids factor Baturité Ceará ecotourism midges capture CDCtype CDC type areas periods 2015 2022 1 vectors C paraensis insignis pusillus vectorborne vector borne 201 202 20 2

RESUMO A alface é uma hortaliça folhosa sensível à salinidade, e em condições de estresse salino apresenta crescimento reduzido e desequilíbrio nutricional, principalmente na absorção de cálcio. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento da solução nutritiva com nitrato de cálcio em soluções preparadas com água salina na cultura da alface. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por cinco soluções nutritivas [S1 - solução nutritiva padrão (SNP); S2 - SNP + NaCl (3,5 dS m-1); S3 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (50% = 6,86 mmol L-1); S4 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (100% = 9,15 mmol L-1); S5 - S2 + Ca (NO3)2 (150% = 11,43 mmol L-1)] em alface do grupo crespa, cv. Elba. Após o preparo das soluções nutritivas, as soluções apresentaram as seguintes condutividades elétricas: 1,8 (S1); 4,8 (S2); 5,4 (S3); 6,0 (S4); 6,6 (S5) dS m-1. Foram avaliadas variáveis de crescimento, nutrição e qualidade pós-colheita da alface. Com exceção do diâmetro do caule, número de folhas totais, pH da planta e teor de vitamina C, as demais variáveis foram afetadas pela adição extra de Ca(NO3)2 nas soluções nutritivas. A alface cv. Elba cultivada em fibra de coco é tolerante à salinidade de 4,8 dS m-1 (S2). Em condições onde o uso de água salina com 3,5 dS m-1 para o preparo da solução nutritiva é inevitável, não é recomendado o uso de doses extras de Ca(NO3)2 na cultura da alface. nutricional Assim objetivouse objetivou se Utilizouse Utilizou casualizado repetições S1 S [S (SNP) 35 3 5 (3, m1 m 1 m-1) CaNO32 CaNO NO3 2 NO Ca(NO3) 50% 50 (50 686 6 86 6,8 L1 L L-1) 100% 100 (100 915 9 15 9,1 NO32 (NO3) 150% 150 (150 1143 11 43 11,4 crespa cv elétricas 18 8 1, (S1) 48 4 4, (S2) 54 5, (S3) 60 0 6, (S4) 66 (S5 m1. 1. póscolheita pós colheita caule totais C m- S2. . 3, inevitável (SNP (3 CaNO3 Ca(NO3 (5 68 L-1 10 (10 91 9, (NO3 (15 114 11, (S1 (S2 (S3 (S4 (S ( Ca(NO L- (1 (NO

ABSTRACT Lettuce is a leafy vegetable sensitive to salinity, and under saline stress conditions it presents nutritional imbalance, mainly in calcium absorption. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of enriching the nutrient solution with calcium nitrate in solutions prepared with saline water in the lettuce crop. A completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were represented by five nutrient solutions [S1 - standard nutrient solution (SNP); S2 - SNP + NaCl (3.5 dS m-1); S3 - S2 + Ca (NO3)2 (50% = 6.86 mmol L-1); S4 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (100% = 9.15 mmol L-1); S5 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (150% = 11.43 mmol L-1)] in lettuce from the curly group, cv. Elba. After preparing the nutrient solutions, the solutions had the following electrical conductivities: 1.8 (S1); 4.8 (S2); 5.4 (S3); 6.0 (S4); 6.6 (S5) dS m-1. Variables of growth, nutrition and postharvest quality of lettuce were evaluated. With the exception of stem diameter, number of total leaves, plant pH and vitamin C content, the other variables were affected by the extra addition of Ca(NO3)2 in the nutrient solutions. The lettuce cv Elba grown in coconut fiber is tolerant to the salinity of 4.8 dS m-1 (S2). In conditions where the use of saline water with 3.5 dS m-1 for the preparation of the nutrient solution is unavoidable, the use of extra doses of Ca(NO3)2 in the lettuce crop is not recommended. imbalance absorption Thus used replicates S1 S [S (SNP) 35 3 5 (3. m1 m 1 m-1) NO32 NO NO3 2 (NO3) 50% 50 (50 686 6 86 6.8 L1 L L-1) CaNO32 CaNO Ca(NO3) 100% 100 (100 915 9 15 9.1 150% 150 (150 1143 11 43 11.4 group conductivities 18 8 1. (S1) 48 4 4. (S2) 54 5. (S3) 60 0 6. (S4) 66 (S5 m1. growth evaluated diameter leaves content m- S2. . 3. unavoidable recommended (SNP (3 (NO3 (5 68 L-1 CaNO3 Ca(NO3 10 (10 91 9. (15 114 11. (S1 (S2 (S3 (S4 (S ( (NO L- Ca(NO (1

RESUMO O feijão-caupi é uma das leguminosas mais cultivadas no mundo, sendo comercializado para diversas finalidades, como o feijão verde. Considerando a reduzida disponibilidade de cultivares de feijão-caupi para o mercado de feijão verde, é necessário selecionar genótipos que ofereçam características intrínsecas para este fim. Assim, objetivou-se estimar parâmetros genéticos e índice de seleção na identificação de genótipos superiores de feijão-caupi, fornecendo subsídios para programas de melhoramento visando a produção de grãos verdes. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram de 42 genótipos de feijão-caupi do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da UFC. Quatorze descritores foram utilizados para a caracterização. O experimento foi montado em um delineamento de blocos aumentados, com quatro testemunhas adicionais. Foi realizada análise de variância, parâmetros genéticos, correlação e índices de seleção. As características de dias para floração, dias para frutificação, peso da vagem verde, largura da vagem verde, comprimento da vagem verde, espessura da vagem verde, número de grãos por vagem e espessura do grão verde apresentaram valores de herdabilidade acima de 70%, indicando que a seleção em geração precoce com base nestas características é favorável. As correlações genéticas entre os pares de caracteres DFL×DFR, GPW×GPL, e GW×GGT foram superiores às correlações fenotípicas e ambientais. Os genótipos CE-228, CE-688, CE-994, CE-165, CE-796 e BRS-Paraguaçu apresentam superioridade simultânea para as características avaliadas e os mais adequados para o mercado de grãos e vagens verdes. feijãocaupi caupi mundo finalidades fim Assim objetivouse objetivou se feijãocaupi, caupi, verdes campo UFC, UFC , (UFC) Brasil 4 caracterização aumentados adicionais variância floração frutificação 70 70% favorável DFLDFR DFL DFR DFL×DFR GPWGPL GPW GPL GPW×GPL GWGGT GW GGT ambientais CE228, CE228 CE 228, 228 CE-228 CE688, CE688 688, 688 CE-688 CE994, CE994 994, 994 CE-994 CE165, CE165 165, 165 CE-165 CE796 796 CE-79 BRSParaguaçu BRS Paraguaçu (UFC 7 CE22 22 CE-22 CE68 68 CE-68 CE99 99 CE-99 CE16 16 CE-16 CE79 79 CE-7 CE2 2 CE-2 CE6 6 CE-6 CE9 9 CE-9 CE1 1 CE-1 CE7 CE-

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a legume that is grown worldwide and used for different purposes, especially as green grains. However, considering the low availability of cowpea cultivars for green grain production, selecting genotypes that have better traits for this purpose is necessary. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate different selection indices for identifying superior cowpea genotypes and subsidizing cowpea breeding programs focused on green grain production. A field experiment was conducted at the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brazil. The treatments consisted of 42 cowpea genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of the UFC. Fourteen traits were used for characterization. The experiment was conducted in an augmented block design with four controls. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and genetic parameters, correlations, and selection indices were determined. The traits days to flowering (DFL), days to fruiting (DFR), green pod weight (GPW), green pod width (GW), green pod length (GPL), green pod thickness (GPT), number of grains per pod (NGP), and green grain thickness (GGT) showed heritability higher than 70%, indicating that selection in an early generation is favorable. The genetic correlations between the trait pairs DFL×DFR, GPW×GPL, and GW×GGT were higher than the phenotypic and environmental correlations. Genotypes CE-228, CE-688, CE-994, CE-165, CE-796, and BRS-Paraguaçu showed simultaneous superiority for the evaluated traits and are the most appropriate for green grain production. purposes However production necessary context UFC, UFC , (UFC) Brazil 4 characterization controls variance determined DFL, DFL (DFL) DFR, DFR (DFR) GPW, GPW (GPW) GW, GW (GW) GPL, GPL (GPL) GPT, GPT (GPT) NGP, NGP (NGP) GGT (GGT 70 70% favorable DFLDFR DFL×DFR GPWGPL GPW×GPL GWGGT CE228, CE228 CE 228, 228 CE-228 CE688, CE688 688, 688 CE-688 CE994, CE994 994, 994 CE-994 CE165, CE165 165, 165 CE-165 CE796, CE796 796, 796 CE-796 BRSParaguaçu BRS Paraguaçu (UFC (DFL (DFR (GPW (GW (GPL (GPT (NGP 7 CE22 22 CE-22 CE68 68 CE-68 CE99 99 CE-99 CE16 16 CE-16 CE79 79 CE-79 CE2 2 CE-2 CE6 6 CE-6 CE9 9 CE-9 CE1 1 CE-1 CE7 CE-7 CE-

RESUMO O feijão-caupi é uma leguminosa consumida mundialmente pelo seu alto teor de nutrientes. A seleção de genótipos com alto teores nutricionais podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de cultivares biofortificadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial nutricional e indicar genótipos de Vigna unguiculata para o melhoramento genético com base em caracteres nutricionais. Foram utilizados 43 genótipos de feijão-caupi pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Ceará. As análises de matéria seca, cinzas, extrato etéreo e proteínas e de minerais (fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, sódio, cobre, ferro, zinco, manganês e boro) foram feitas em triplicatas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de médias, parâmetros genéticos e aos índices de qualidade nutricional e soma de postos. Existe variação genética entre os genótipos avaliados, podendo ser transmitida para próximas gerações. Os genótipos CE-0151, CE-0189, CE-0207, CE-0228, CE-0248, CE-0542, CE-0685, CE-0686, CE-0796, CE-0997 e CE-1002 são indicados para seleção para continuar o programa de melhoramento de feijão-caupi biofortificado. feijãocaupi feijão caupi nutrientes biofortificadas 4 Ceará seca cinzas fósforo, fósforo (fósforo potássio cálcio magnésio enxofre sódio cobre ferro zinco boro triplicatas variância médias postos avaliados gerações CE0151, CE0151 CE 0151, 0151 CE-0151 CE0189, CE0189 0189, 0189 CE-0189 CE0207, CE0207 0207, 0207 CE-0207 CE0228, CE0228 0228, 0228 CE-0228 CE0248, CE0248 0248, 0248 CE-0248 CE0542, CE0542 0542, 0542 CE-0542 CE0685, CE0685 0685, 0685 CE-0685 CE0686, CE0686 0686, 0686 CE-0686 CE0796, CE0796 0796, 0796 CE-0796 CE0997 0997 CE-099 CE1002 1002 CE-100 biofortificado CE015 015 CE-015 CE018 018 CE-018 CE020 020 CE-020 CE022 022 CE-022 CE024 024 CE-024 CE054 054 CE-054 CE068 068 CE-068 CE079 079 CE-079 CE099 099 CE-09 CE100 100 CE-10 CE01 01 CE-01 CE02 02 CE-02 CE05 05 CE-05 CE06 06 CE-06 CE07 07 CE-07 CE09 09 CE-0 CE10 10 CE-1 CE0 0 CE- CE1 1

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a worldwide consumed legume due to its high nutrient concentrations. Selecting genotypes with high nutrient concentrations can contribute to developing biofortified cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential and indicate genotypes of Vigna unguiculata for genetic improvement based on nutritional traits. Forty-three cowpea genotypes belonging to the Active Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Ceará were used in the study. The analyses of dry matter, ash, ether extract, proteins, and minerals (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and boron) were performed in triplicate. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, means comparison test, genetic parameters, nutritional quality indexes, and the sum of ranks. Genetic variances predominated concerning environmental variation for the nutrient concentrations of cowpea can be transmitted to future generations. The CE-0151, CE-0189, CE-0207, CE-0228, CE-0248, CE-0542, CE-0685, CE-0686, CE-0796, CE-0997, and CE-1002 genotypes are indicated for selection for continuing the biofortified cowpea breeding program. cultivars traits Fortythree Forty three matter ash extract proteins phosphorus, phosphorus (phosphorus potassium calcium magnesium sulfur sodium copper iron zinc manganese boron triplicate variance test parameters indexes ranks generations CE0151, CE0151 CE 0151, 0151 CE-0151 CE0189, CE0189 0189, 0189 CE-0189 CE0207, CE0207 0207, 0207 CE-0207 CE0228, CE0228 0228, 0228 CE-0228 CE0248, CE0248 0248, 0248 CE-0248 CE0542, CE0542 0542, 0542 CE-0542 CE0685, CE0685 0685, 0685 CE-0685 CE0686, CE0686 0686, 0686 CE-0686 CE0796, CE0796 0796, 0796 CE-0796 CE0997, CE0997 0997, 0997 CE-0997 CE1002 1002 CE-100 program CE015 015 CE-015 CE018 018 CE-018 CE020 020 CE-020 CE022 022 CE-022 CE024 024 CE-024 CE054 054 CE-054 CE068 068 CE-068 CE079 079 CE-079 CE099 099 CE-099 CE100 100 CE-10 CE01 01 CE-01 CE02 02 CE-02 CE05 05 CE-05 CE06 06 CE-06 CE07 07 CE-07 CE09 09 CE-09 CE10 10 CE-1 CE0 0 CE-0 CE1 1 CE-

The incorporation of oxygen and/or nitrogen into the titanium lattice has garnered significant attention due to the broad spectrum of intermediate properties that can be achieved between TiN and TiO2. This article delves into the investigation of surface modification of titanium through plasma-assisted thermochemical treatments employing H2-N2-O2 mixtures. The flow rate of the reducing gas (H2) remained constant at 24 sccm, while the flow rates of N2 and O2 were adjusted to yield a total flow rate of 60 sccm. Analysis using GIXRD, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS demonstrated that TiN exhibits stability exclusively in an oxygen-free atmosphere, while TiO2, in contrast, necessitates an oxygen flux equal to or exceeding 18 sccm for stability. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of nitrogen in the plasma atmosphere resulted in a greater expansion of the α-titanium lattice, although the solubility of interstitials decreased. These findings highlight the potential for a controlled approach to producing solid solutions or titanium oxynitrides. andor TiO2 TiO plasmaassisted assisted H2N2O2 HNO H2 H N O H2-N2-O mixtures (H2 2 6 GIXRD spectroscopy oxygenfree free contrast 1 Furthermore αtitanium α decreased oxynitrides H2N2O (H

Resumo A cultura da cana-de-açúcar ocupa uma posição de destaque para o agronegócio brasileiro, abrangendo mais de oito milhões de hectares na produção de açúcar, etanol e subprodutos. Um dos fatores limitantes na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar é a questão da adubação, sendo a torta de filtro uma solução viável para suprir as necessidades nutricionais da planta. Com esse estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso da torta de filtro enriquecida sob as trocas gasosas e produtividade da variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB041443 cultivada em solos dos tabuleiros costeiros da Paraíba. O experimento foi conduzido na Usina Monte Alegre S/A, no município de Mamanguape-PB, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 12 tratamentos (T1- Torta, T2- Torta + MAP, T3- Torta + Gesso, T4 - Torta + Fosfato, T5- Torta + Bagaço, T6- Torta + MAP + Gesso, T7- Torta + MAP + Fosfato, T8- Torta + MAP + Bagaço, T9- Torta + Gesso + Fosfato, T10- Torta + Gesso + Bagaço, T11 - Torta + Fosfato + Bagaço, e T12 - Testemunha (Apenas MAP)), 4 repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas. Efeito significativo a 5% também foi observado para a variável número de folhas e tonelada de colmo por hectare. Para a variável TCH, os melhores resultados foram obtidos nos tratamentos T1- Torta, T4-Torta + Fosfato, T6- Torta + MAP + Gesso e T10- Torta + Gesso + Bagaço, com produtividades superiores a 140 t ha-1. Para a condutância estomática, resultados superiores foram obtidos no T6 e T8, que, junto ao T11, agruparam-se com os maiores valores de gs. Em relação a concentração interna de carbono, destacaram-se os tratamentos T1, T2, T6 e T8. Para a variável transpiração, o T6 apresentou influência significativa da torta de filtro. Com o referido estudo, concluiu-se que a utilização da torta de filtro enriquecida como adubação de fundação na cultura da cana-de-açúcar possibilita aumento no rendimento produtivo da variedade RB 041443, bem como respostas positivas para as trocas gasosas da planta, sendo os tratamentos T1 e T10 indicados para aumentar a produção do setor sucroenergético. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar brasileiro subprodutos planta estudo objetivouse objetivou se RB04144 Paraíba SA S S/A MamanguapePB, MamanguapePB Mamanguape PB, PB Mamanguape-PB 1 T (T1 T2 T3 T5 Bagaço T7 T8 T9 Apenas , MAP)) repetições parcelas 5 hectare TCH T4Torta TTorta 14 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 estomática agruparamse agruparam gs carbono destacaramse destacaram transpiração concluiuse concluiu 041443 sucroenergético RB0414 (T MAP) ha- 04144 RB041 0414 RB04 041 RB0 04 0

Abstract Sugarcane cultivation stands out in Brazilian agribusiness, covering more than eight million hectares for the production of sugar, ethanol, and by-products. Fertilization is one of the limiting factors in sugarcane yield, for which filter cake is a viable solution to meet plant nutritional needs. This study aimed to assess the effect of enriched filter cake on gas exchange and yield in RB041443 sugarcane, cultivated in soils of the coastal tablelands of Paraíba, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the Monte Alegre S/A sugarcane mill, in the municipality of Mamanguape, using a randomized blocks experimental design, with 12 treatments (T1- cake, T2- cake + MAP, T3- cake + gypsum, T4 - cake + phosphate, T5- cake + bagasse, T6- cake + MAP + gypsum, T7- cake + MAP + phosphate, T8- cake + MAP + bagasse, T9- cake + gypsum + phosphate, T10- cake + gypsum + bagasse, T11- cake + phosphate + bagasse, and T12- control (only MAP)), and 4 replications, totaling 48 plots. A significant effect (5% probability) was also observed for the variables number of leaves and tons of stem per hectare (TSH). T1- cake, T4- cake + phosphate, T6- cake + MAP + gypsum and T10- cake + gypsum + bagasse, had the best results for TSH, with yields greater than 140 t ha-1. Regarding stomatal conductance, the highest values were obtained in T6 and T8, which, together with T11, had the highest gs values. Concerning the internal carbon concentration, T1, T2, T6, and T8 stood out. T6 also had a significant effect on transpiration. From this study, it was concluded that the use of enriched filter cake as a base fertilizer in sugarcane culture contributes to increasing the yield of the RB041443 variety, generating positive responses for plant gas exchange, being T1 and T10 indicated to increase the production in the sugar-energy sector. agribusiness sugar ethanol byproducts. byproducts by products. products by-products needs RB RB04144 Paraíba Brazil SA S mill Mamanguape design 1 T (T1 T2 T3 T5 bagasse T7 T9 T11 T12 only , MAP)) replications plots 5% 5 (5 probability TSH. TSH . (TSH) 14 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 conductance concentration transpiration variety sugarenergy energy sector RB0414 (T MAP) ( (TSH ha- RB041 RB04 RB0

Resumo Ganoderma lucidum é um cogumelo medicinal amplamente reconhecido como fonte de biomoléculas com propriedades farmacológicas, entretanto, pouco se conhece acerca dos fatores que influenciam a síntese de proteínas bioativas por esse fungo, quando cultivado sob fermentação submersa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de biomassa micelial e de proteases e inibidores de proteases intracelulares por G. lucidum cultivado em diferentes condições de fermentação submersa. O cultivo foi realizado em meio contendo glicose (10 ou 20 g.L-1), peptona de soja (2,5 ou 5 g.L-1) e extrato de levedura (5 g.L-1), com incubação sob agitação (120 rpm) ou não-agitado, totalizando 8 condições experimentais. A produção de biomassa foi determinada a partir do peso seco e o consumo de glicose a partir da quantificação de açúcares redutores. As proteínas foram extraídas em NaCl (0,15 M) e os extratos proteicos foram submetidos à quantificação de proteínas pelo método de Bradford, atividade proteolítica total usando azocaseína, atividade caseinolítica e fibrinolítica em placa de Petri, atividade de inibidores de serino-proteases (tripsina e quimotripsina) e cisteíno-protease (papaína). O cultivo em condição agitada apresentou maior produção de biomassa com valor máximo de 7g.L-1, além de maiores atividades de inibidores de tripsina, quimotripsina e papaína, com 154 UI.mg-1, 153 UI.mg-1 e 343 UI.mg-1 de proteína, respectivamente. A condição não-agitada demonstrou maior potencial para a obtenção de proteínas, proteases totais, enzimas caseinolíticas e fibrinolíticas, com valores máximos de 433 mg.g-1 de extrato, 71 U.mL-1 de extrato, 63,62 mm2 e 50,27 mm2, respectivamente. Assim, recomenda-se o meio composto de peptona de soja, extrato de levedura e glicose na proporção 1:2:4, em condição agitada para a produção de inibidores de proteases, e a condição não-agitada para a síntese de proteases, principalmente enzimas caseinolíticas e fibrinolíticas. farmacológicas entretanto fungo submersa G 10 (1 2 g.L1, gL1 gL g.L 1 , g L 2,5 25 (2, g.L1 g.L-1 ( 120 (12 rpm nãoagitado, nãoagitado não agitado, agitado não-agitado experimentais redutores 0,15 015 0 15 (0,1 M Bradford azocaseína Petri serinoproteases serino tripsina cisteínoprotease cisteíno protease papaína. papaína . (papaína) 7g.L1, 7gL1 7g.L 1, 7g 7g.L-1 UI.mg1, UImg1 UImg UI.mg UI mg UI.mg1 UI.mg- 34 proteína respectivamente nãoagitada totais fibrinolíticas 43 mg.g1 mgg1 mgg mg.g mg.g- 7 U.mL1 UmL1 UmL U.mL U mL U.mL- 6362 63 62 63,6 mm 5027 50 27 50,2 Assim recomendase recomenda 124, 124 4, 4 1:2:4 L1 2, (2 g.L- 12 0,1 01 (0, (papaína 7g.L1 7gL 7g.L- mg1 3 g1 mL1 636 6 63, 502 50, 1:2: 0, (0 1:2 1:

Abstract Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely recognized as a source of biomolecules with pharmacological properties, however, little is known about the factors that influence the synthesis of bioactive proteins by this fungus when cultivated under submerged fermentation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of mycelial biomass and intracellular proteases and protease inhibitors by G. lucidum cultivated under different submerged fermentation conditions. The cultivation was carried out in a medium composed of glucose (10 or 20 g.L-1), soy peptone (2.5 or 5 g.L-1) and yeast extract (5 g.L-1), with incubation under agitation (120 rpm) and non-agitation, totaling 8 experimental conditions. Biomass production was determined from the dry weight, while glucose consumption was estimated by quantification of reducing sugars. The proteins were extracted in NaCl (0.15 M), and the protein extracts were submitted to protein quantification by the Bradford method, total proteolytic activity using azocasein, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activity in Petri dishes, activity of serine (trypsin and chymotrypsin) and cysteine (papain) protease inhibitors. Cultivation in agitated condition showed higher biomass production with a maximum value of 7 g.L-1, in addition to higher activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain inhibitors, with 154 IU.mg-1, 153 IU.mg-1 e 343 IU.mg-1 of protein, respectively. The non-agitated condition showed a greater potential for obtaining proteins, total proteases, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes, with maximum values of 433 mg.g-1 of extract, 71 U.mL-1 of extract, 63.62 mm2 and 50.27 mm2, respectively. Thus, a medium composed of soy peptone, yest extract and glucose in a 1:2:4 proportion is recommended, under agitation to produce protease inhibitors, and the non-agitated condition when the target is, mainly caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes. properties however G conditions 10 (1 2 g.L1, gL1 gL g.L 1 , g L 2.5 25 (2. g.L1 g.L-1 ( 120 (12 rpm nonagitation, nonagitation non agitation, non-agitation weight sugars 0.15 015 0 15 (0.1 M, M M) method azocasein dishes trypsin (papain 1, IU.mg1, IUmg1 IUmg IU.mg IU mg IU.mg1 IU.mg- 34 respectively nonagitated enzymes 43 mg.g1 mgg1 mgg mg.g mg.g- U.mL1 UmL1 UmL U.mL U mL U.mL- 6362 63 62 63.6 mm 5027 50 27 50.2 Thus 124 4 1:2: recommended L1 2. (2 g.L- 12 0.1 01 (0. mg1 3 g1 mL1 636 6 63. 502 50. 1:2 0. (0 1: