ABSTRACT: In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors. ABSTRACT decade hamsters pets Consequently increased gross 2 201 202 60%, 60 (60% 15/25, 1525 15/25 , 15 15/25) 28%, 28 (28% 7/25, 725 7/25 7 7/25) 8%, 8 (8% 2/25, 225 2/25 2/25) 4%, 4 (4% 1/25, 125 1/25 1 1/25) 1763 17 63 17.6 months facehead face head skinsubcutaneousmucosal skin subcutaneous mucosal 65%, 65 (65% 15/26 1526 23%, 23 (23% 6/26. 626 6/26 . 6 6/26) Tcell T cell tumors 12 3/26 326 3 (3/26 Leiomyosarcoma noted roundcell round common 20 60% (60 152 15/2 28% (28 72 7/2 8% (8 22 2/2 4% (4 1/2 176 17. 65% (65 23% (23 62 6/2 3/2 32 (3/2 (6 15/ (2 7/ ( 2/ 1/ 6/ 3/ (3/ (3

Abstract Introduction: This study aims to test the effect of phenytoin as an inhibitor of the process of dystrophic calcification in bovine pericardium and porcine leaflets implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Methods: Isolated segments of biomaterials were implanted subcutaneously in young rats. The study groups received 500 mg phenytoin per kilogram of diet per day. After 90 days, samples were collected and quantitative calcification assessment by optical microscopy, radiological studies with mammography, and atomic emission spectrometry were performed. Results: Inflammatory reaction was a frequent finding in all groups when analyzed by optical microscopy. The calcium level assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was significantly lower in the study groups using phenytoin compared to the control groups (control bovine pericardium group X=0.254±0.280 µg/mg; study bovine pericardium group X=0.063±0.025 µg/mg; control porcine aortic leaflets group X=0.640±0.226 µg/mg; study porcine aortic leaflets group X=0.056±0.021 µg/mg; P<0.05). Radiologic studies revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups treated with and without phenytoin (not only regarding the bovine pericardium but also the porcine leaflets). Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that phenytoin reduces the calcification process of bovine pericardium segments and porcine aortic leaflets in subdermal implants in rats; also, the incidence of calcification in bovine pericardium grafts was similar to that of porcine aortic leaflets.

ABSTRACT Land-use changes promote significant variations in streamflow regimes, and hydrological models allow studying their impacts. Based on this approach, this study aimed to assess the applicability of the SWAT model for different land-use scenarios and their respective impacts on the flow regime of the Mucuri River. The average monthly and daily water balance was generated after the calibration and validation of the SWAT model in the basin. Three land-use scenarios were analyzed in relation to the current land use, as follows: replacement of the agricultural area by the eucalyptus crop, replacement of the native forest area by the sugarcane crop, and replacement of pasture by exposed soil. The results showed that the SWAT model is adequate to simulate the land-use change and its impact on the flow regime of the Mucuri River; the replacement of agriculture by eucalyptus in the basin led to a decrease in the average and minimum reference streamflows; and the replacement of the forest cover by sugarcane and pasture by exposed soil provided an increase in the average and minimum reference streamflows.

RESUMO: A doença de Glässer é uma importante enfermidade infecciosa de suínos causada pela bactéria Haemophilus parasuis. Embora bem reconhecida na maioria das regiões do Brasil, surtos de doença de Glässer não têm sido descritos na região Nordeste. Por este motivo, três regiões do Estado de Pernambuco foram visitadas com o objetivo de se identificar históricos de alta mortalidade em leitões e suínos em fase de terminação. Nove suínos foram necropsiados e fragmentos do sistema nervoso, órgãos das cavidades abdominal e torácica foram coletados para análise histopatológica. Além disso, fragmentos de pulmão e cérebro foram utilizados para extração de DNA e realização de teste molecular por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. Os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em tosse seca, apatia, febre, anorexia, paresia, tremores musculares, incoordenação motora e convulsões levando a altas taxas de mortalidade. As lesões macroscópicas mais severas consistiam em petéquias e equimoses na pele da face, abdome, membros anteriores e posteriores, além de hidropericárdio, hemopericárdio, pericardite fibrinosa e pleuropneumonia. Microscopicamente, pericardite, epicardite e miocardite subepicárdica, seguidas de pleuropneumonia multifocal moderada a grave, fibrino-supurativa e necrosante foram as lesões mais frequentes observadas. A PCR em tempo real amplificou o gene infB de H. parasuis em todas as amostras analisadas, confirmando a presença deste agente etiológico.

ABSTRACT: Glässer’s disease is an important infectious disorder of swine caused by Haemophilus parasuis. Although well recognized in most regions of Brazil, outbreaks of Glässer’s disease have not been described in Northeastern region. For this reason, three municipalities of the Pernambuco State were visited in order to identify histories of high mortality in growing and finishing pigs. The main clinical signs consisted of dry cough, apathy, fever, anorexia, paresis, muscle tremors, motor incoordination, seizures leading to high mortality rates. Nine pigs were necropsied, and fragments of the nervous system, organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities were collected for histological analysis. In addition, lung and brain fragments were used for DNA extraction and molecular testing by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Grossly, the main lesions consisted of petechial hemorrhages or ecchymosis on the skin of the face, abdomen, forelimbs, and hind limbs. The main severe lesions consisted of hydropericardium, hemopericardium, fibrinous pericarditis and pleuropneumonia. Microscopically, pericarditis, epicarditis and subepicardial myocarditis, followed by a moderate to severe multifocal pleuropneumonia, fibrinosuppurative and necrotizing were the most frequent lesions observed. Real-time PCR amplified H. parasuis infB gene in all samples analyzed, confirming the presence of this etiologic agent.

The fungus Aspergillus sp. was isolated from copper mining rejects and cultured in a liquid culture medium (potato dextrose, PD) enriched with CuSO4.5H2O and Pb(NO3)2 in different concentrations. By flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) it was observed that fungus absorbed 86% of both copper and lead, with initial concentrations of 100, 500 and 1000 mg L-1. The additional results provided by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction showed ability of the microorganism to act as a biosorbent as well as its capacity to transform the tested salts into other inorganic compounds. Chromatographic profile comparison of extracts obtained from the biotic, abiotic control and the cultivation enriched with the metals showed changes in the profile of the secondary metabolism. When the copper and lead salts were tested separately, there was an increase in the production of the compounds as function of the increase of the concentration and when associated promoted the decrease and disappearance of some substances produced by Aspergillus sp.

RESUMO O uso de imagens de satélites como complemento na gestão de irrigação constitui uma base primordial no processo de tomada de decisão para a agricultura irrigada. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi monitorar, por meio do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (IVDN), a cultura da cana-de-açúcar irrigada pertencente à empresa Mafambisse, localizada no Distrito de Nhamatanda/Sofala, República de Moçambique; e estabelecer sua relação com o coeficiente da cultura estabelecido pela FAO (kcFAO) e ajustar um modelo de regressão para estimar o coeficiente de cultivo (kc) a partir da relação entre IVDN e kcFAO. Para a condução da pesquisa foi utilizada uma série de imagens Sentinel-2A/MSI, referente ao período de outubro de 2016 a outubro de 2017. Por meio das imagens geradas de NDVI foi possível fazer o acompanhamento da cana-de açúcar em campo e analisar a sensibilidade do índice no vigor vegetativo da cultura. Observou-se padrão semelhante entre os perfis de kcFAO e os valores do NDVI, tornando possível a realização do ajuste, demostrando que esse índice é uma alternativa para obtenção do coeficiente de cultivo.

ABSTRACT The use of satellite images as a complement in irrigation management constitutes a primordial basis in the decision-making process for irrigated agriculture. In this context, the present study aimed to monitor through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) an irrigated sugarcane field belonging to the Mafambisse company, located at the District of Nhamatanda/Sofala, Republic of Mozambique, and establish its relationship with the crop coefficient established by FAO (kcFAO) and fit a regression model to estimate crop coefficient (kc) from the relationship between NDVI and kcFAO. The study was conducted using a series of Sentinel-2A/MSI images, relative to the period from October 2016 to October 2017. Based on the NDVI images generated, it was possible to monitor the sugarcane crop in the field and analyse the sensitivity of the index to its vegetative vigor. A similar pattern was observed between kcFAO profiles and NDVI values, which allowed the adjustment to be performed, demonstrating that this index is an alternative to obtain the crop coefficient.

RESUMO A demanda atual por alimentos tem sido atendida por meio da exploração das reservas naturais. O Brasil apresenta 26% da sua extensão ocupada por usos agropecuários, sendo 62% desses, pastagens. Pastagens degradadas apresentam maior intensidade de uso da terra do que pastagens bem manejadas, levando à maior degradação do meio ambiente. Os sistemas de classificação da capacidade de uso de terra consideram que as pastagens se apresentam bem manejadas, consideração equivocada para a realidade brasileira. Baseado nesse enfoque, objetivou-se apresentar e validar uma metodologia de mapeamento da intensidade de uso da terra exercida por pastagens via sensoriamento remoto. O método de mapeamento foi desenvolvido e validado em bacias com características edafoclimáticas distintas. De posse da metodologia, três calibrações foram realizadas, com base nos valores de IVDN, para averiguar a influência nos resultados, sendo avaliados a partir das campanhas de campo e dos índices kappa e kappa ponderado. Os índices kappa e kappa ponderado apresentaram concordância razoável e moderada, respectivamente. Os resultados foram considerados satisfatórios para as três calibrações, evidenciando que o grau de degradação das pastagens pode ser estimado de maneira simples por sensoriamento remoto. A Bacia do Rio Limoeiro apresenta em torno de 46,9% das pastagens, no mínimo, fortemente degradadas; e 96,6% com algum grau de degradação, o que contribui para degradação dos recursos naturais e redução do potencial pecuário e econômico da bacia.

ABSTRACT The current demand for food has been met through the exploitation of natural reserves. Brazil has 26% of its extension occupied by agricultural uses, 62% of which are pastures. Degraded pastures have greater land use intensity than well-managed pastures, leading to greater degradation of the environment. Land use classification systems consider that pastures are well managed, a misconception for the Brazilian reality. Based on this approach, it was aimed to develop a methodology for mapping the intensity of land use by pasture via remote sensing. The method of mapping was developed and validated in basins with different soil and climatic characteristics. Three calibrations were performed based on NDVI values to ascertain the influence on the results, being evaluated from the field campaigns and the kappa and weighted kappa indices. The kappa and weighted kappa indices presented reasonable and moderate agreement, respectively. The results were considered as satisfactory for the three calibrations, evidencing that the degree of degradation of the pastures can be estimated in a simple way by remote sensing. The Limoeiro River Basin has around 46.9% of pastures, at least, heavily degraded and 96.6% with some degree of degradation, which contributes to degradation of the natural resources and reduction of livestock farming and economic potential of the basin.

RESUMO A água deve ser fornecida na quantidade certa e no momento oportuno às culturas. As hortaliças requerem uma boa disponibilidade de água no solo durante todo o ciclo, portanto, se tornam primordial a implementação do manejo da irrigação e a estimativa precisa do requerimento de água pela cultura. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de cinco lâminas de irrigação estimadas pelas metodologias de Kc duplo e Kc único sobre as características de crescimento, produção e eficiência no uso da água na cultura do pimentão. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Na parcela foi avaliado o efeito de cinco lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc) e na subparcela, as metodologias. Foram avaliadas massa seca de raízes, produção total de frutos, temperatura foliar, número de flores abortadas e eficiência no uso da água. A interação entre os dois efeitos não foi significativa para nenhuma das variáveis. O efeito da metodologia somente foi observado para a variável número de flores abortadas. O efeito das lâminas de irrigação foi significativo para todas as variáveis. As lâminas que proporcionam as melhores características agronômicas foram superiores a 100% da ETc. A razão entre as lâminas estimadas pelas metodologias de Kc duplo e Kc único foi de 1,14. A metodologia de Kc único e a lâmina de 143% da ETc foi mais indicada para o horticultor. A lâmina de irrigação mais eficiente no uso da água foi de 105% da ETc.

ABSTRACT Water must be supplied to a crop in the proper amount and in a timely manner. Vegetables require a good water availability in soil during their entire cycle. Thus, it is very important the implementation of an irrigation management and accurate estimation of water requirement. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of five irrigation depths estimated by the dual-Kc and single-Kc methodologies on the characteristics of growth, production and water use efficiency in the pepper crop. A randomized block design was adopted in a split plot arrangement. The effect of five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc) was evaluated in the plots, and the methodologies were evaluated in the subplots. It was evaluated the root dry matter, total fruit production, leaf temperature, number of aborted flowers and water use efficiency. The interaction between both effects was not significant for any of the variables. The effect of methodology was observed only on the number of aborted flowers. The effect of the irrigation depths was significant on all variables. The irrigation depths that lead to the best agronomic characteristics were superior to 100% of ETc. The ratio between the irrigation depths estimated by single-Kc and dual-Kc methodologies was 1.14. Single-Kc methodology and irrigation depth of 143% ETc were more suitable for the horticulturist. The most efficient irrigation depth in the use of water was 105% ETc.

ABSTRACT Evaporation rates in reservoirs influence the volume of water available for multiple uses. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the evaporation rates and the evaporated volumes per unit time in the Tucuruí-PA and Lajeado-TO reservoirs based on the methods in Linacre (1993), Kohler et al. (1955), Morton (1983), Bruin & Keijman (1979) and Penman (1948) method was adopted as the standard. The mean annual evaporation rates in the Tucuruí and Lajeado reservoirs, estimated by the Penman method, were similar, with values of 1,784 mm and 1,882 mm, respectively. None of the alternative analyzed methods could be used to estimate the mean annual evaporation in the Tucuruí and Lajeado reservoirs and could not replace the Penman method. However, the Linacre (1993) and Bruin & Keijman (1979) methods could be used to estimate monthly evaporation during the dry season in Tucuruí. The mean evaporated volume per unit time and the mean net evaporated volume per unit time in the Tucuruí reservoir correspond to 120% and 50%, respectively, of the total water demand in the Tocantins-Araguaia region, while the mean evaporated volume per unit time and the mean net evaporated volume per unit time in the Lajeado reservoir correspond to 120% and 50%, respectively, of the total water demand in the basin.

ABSTRACT Hydrological models are becoming more and more widespread, mainly due to their capacity to simulate the impact of environmental changes on water resources. In this way, the aim of this study was to calibrate and validate the SWAT model for the soil and climatic conditions of the Mucuri River Basin, located in the Northeast region of the States of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The SWAT-CUP software module SUFI2 was used to analyze the sensitivity, calibration and validation of the model. The calibration was performed in an intermediate fluviometric station and the validation in five other located: three upstream, one downstream and one independent from the calibration point. It was evidenced for the study area that the parameters referring to the basic flow processes were more sensitive. The model obtained a good adjustment with an overestimate tendency of 15%. In general, the SWAT model, using SWAT-CUP was good and adequate in terms of its calibration performance and validation of the flow simulation in the Mucuri River Basin by the determination coefficients, Nash-Suttclife efficiency and percentage of trend.

RESUMO: A piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) é um peixe de grande valor econômico que nos últimos anos tem apresentado uma redução drástica em suas populações naturais. Nesse contexto, estudos de variabilidade genética dos estoques naturais e nos programas de repovoamento são fundamentais para adoção de medidas conservacionistas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a amplificação cruzada de primers heterologos em B. orbignyanus. Foram avaliados um total de 52 primers das espécies Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum e Oreochromis niloticus. Os primers com melhor reprodutibilidade foram aplicados a uma amostra de 20 indivíduos e os parâmetros genéticos foram calculados. Nove primers apresentaram resultados satisfatórios de amplificação cruzada com B. orbignyanus, sendo das espécies Brycon opalinus (BoM5 e BoM13), Brycon hilarii (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 e Bh16), Brycon insignis (Bc48-10) e Prochilodus argenteus (Par80). Os primers de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum e Oreochromis niloticus não apresentaram amplificação ou apresentaram inespecificidade. Os resultados revelaram a possibilidade da utilização de primers de diferentes espécies e gênero em B. orbignyanus, o que facilita a realização de estudos genéticos nessa espécie.

ABSTRACT: Brycon orbignyanus, popularly known in Brazil as piracanjuba, is a fish with great economic value but whose natural population drastically decreased in number during the last years. In this context, genetic variability studies of natural stocks and in restocking programs are fundamental for the adoption of conservation measures. Current analysis verifies the cross-amplification of heterologous primers in B. orbignyanus. Fifty-two primers of the species Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus were tested. Primers with the best reproducibility were applied to a sample of 20 individuals and the genetic parameters were calculated. Nine primers provided good results for cross-amplification with B. orbignyanus, involving (BoM5 and BoM13) of Brycon opalinus, (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 and Bh16) of Brycon hilarii, (Bc48-10) of Brycon insignis and (Par80) of Prochilodus argenteus. Primers of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus failed to provide amplification or provided non-specificity. Results demonstrated the possibility of using primers of different species and genera of B. orbignyanus, facilitating genetic studies on the species.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sazonalidade hídrica no processo de concessão de outorga e o impacto da irrigação na Bacia do Rio Dourados. Para tanto, procedeu-se à análise do comportamento hidrológico na bacia. Foram obtidas as vazões mínimas de referência (Q7,10 e Q95), vazões de retirada pela irrigação (Qr), e variação percentual das vazões de outorga relativo ao período sazonal mensal em relação à vazão de retirada mensal. Os resultados permitiram constatar que a concessão de outorga de uso dos recursos hídricos quando adotada a escala mensal garante um plano melhor de utilização da água, à medida que permite seu uso no período em que há disponibilidade hídrica e restringe no período de escassez hídrica. A vazão média anual de retirada pela irrigação na bacia no período em estudo, foi da ordem de 2,99 m3 s-1, sendo a vazão de retirada no mês de maior demanda (agosto) de 5,95 m3 s-1.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate water seasonality in the process of granting permits and the impact of irrigation in the Dourados River basin. For that, the hydrological behavior of the basin was analyzed. The minimal streamflows (Q7,10 and Q95), irrigation withdrawal flow (Qr) and the percent variation of the grant flows relative to monthly seasonal period in relation to the monthly withdrawal flow were obtained. The results allowed to verify that using criteria based on the monthly streamflow allows for better management of water use, because it allows for greater utilization of this resource in times with high water availability and imposes a realistic restriction during critical periods. The average annual water withdrawal for irrigation in the basin during the studied period was on the order of 2.99 m3 s-1, and the withdrawal flow in the month of highest demand (August) was 5.95 m3 s-1.

RESUMO A rúcula é uma hortaliça que tem ganhado cada vez mais destaque na alimentação, sendo rica em potássio, enxofre, ferro, ômega-3 e vitaminas A e C. É uma cultura que possui, como fatores limitantes para sua produção, a disponibilidade de água e de nutrientes, contexto no qual se objetivou, neste trabalho, avaliar a produção da rúcula submetida a diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de adubação potássica. O experimento foi conduzido entre agosto e setembro de 2015. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram representadas pelas lâminas de irrigação L1, L2, L3 e L4 (25, 50, 75 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura, respectivamente), e as subparcelas pelas doses de potássio K1 e K2 (200 e 400 kg ha-1, respectivamente). Embora a maior produtividade tenha sido obtida com a maior lâmina de irrigação e maior dose de potássio, recomenda-se o cultivo da rúcula com a menor lâmina e menor dose, haja vista o maior valor de eficiência do uso da água para este tratamento.

ABSTRACT Arugula is a vegetable that has gained more highlight in the consumption, being rich in potassium, sulfur, iron, omega-3 and vitamins A and C. Availability of water and nutrients are limiting factors for production of this crop. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production of arugula subjected to different irrigation depths and potassium fertilization. The experiment was conduct between August and September 2015. The experimental design was completely randomized in split-plot scheme. Irrigation depths L1, L2, L3 and L4 (25, 50, 75 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) represented the plots and potassium doses K1 and K2 (200 and 400 kg ha-1, respectively) represented the subplots. Although the highest yield was obtained with highest irrigation depth and highest potassium dose, it is recommended the cultivation of arugula with the lowest irrigation depth and the lowest potassium dose, considering the higher value of water use efficiency for this treatment.

RESUMO Estudos que possibilitem a obtenção de estimativas precisas de evaporação em reservatórios representam uma importante ação para o adequado gerenciamento e manejo dos recursos hídricos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se comparar as estimativas de evaporação, dos reservatórios de Três Marias e Sobradinho, calculadas pelos modelos de Linacre et al. (1993), Kohler et al. (1995), Thornthwaite (1948), CRLE e o método do tanque Classe A com o valor estimado pelo modelo de Penman et al. (1948). Também foram comparados os valores de evaporação estimados a partir de dados de estações meteorológicas situadas no entorno do reservatório com o valor estimado com dados da estação localizada na área da barragem. Os resultados permitiram constatar que, em relação ao modelo de Penman et al. (1948), o modelo Linacre et al. (1993), superestima a evaporação nos reservatórios de Sobradinho e Três Marias e os modelos Kohler et al. (1955) e Thornthwaite (1948) subestimam a evaporação nos dois reservatórios. O método que proporcionou resultados mais próximos daqueles obtidos por Penman et al. (1948), no reservatório de Sobradinho, foi o do tanque Classe A, utilizando o coeficiente de 0,6; já em Três Marias, foram os modelos Penman et al. (1948) e CRLE, que apresentaram resultados de evaporação estatisticamente iguais. Os valores de evaporação estimados pelas estações meteorológicas ao entorno dos reservatórios não são estatisticamente iguais aos estimados pelas estações localizadas na área da barragem.

ABSTRACT Accurate studies on reservoir evaporations are important for proper management of water resources. Therefore, this study aimed to compare evaporation estimates for Três Marias and Sobradinho reservoirs made by Linacre, Kohler et al., Thornthwaite, Complementary Relationship Lake Evaporation (CRLE) and A class pan method, which was calculated by the Penman method. We also compared evaporation values from weather stations located within areas of the reservoirs against data from stations located near the reservoir areas. Our results showed that the Linacre model overestimated evaporation for both reservoirs compared to the Penman method. However, Kohler et al. and Thornthwaite underestimated the evaporation for both areas. Evaporation estimates near those obtained by the Penman model were found for the class A pan model in Sobradinho reservoir, using a kp of 0.6. Moreover, in Três Marias, the Penman and CRLE models had statistically equal evaporation estimates. The estimates calculated from data of meteorological stations within reservoir areas were statically different from those obtained using data of stations near them.

RESUMO A aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura (ARS) em solos agrícolas pode gerar impactos na comunidade microbiana do solo, quando realizada em longo prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis alterações na comunidade bacteriana do solo após oito anos de aplicação contínua de água residuária de suinocultura. As doses de água residuária (0; 100; 200 e 300 m3 ha-1 ), aplicadas desde o início do experimento, foram combinadas com a presença ou a ausência de adubação recomendada. No solo, foram feitas três coletas em cada parcela para a determinação da respiração basal, biomassa microbiana e quociente metabólico, análise de DGGE, correlação entre as condições químicas do solo e a atividade microbiana na comunidade bacteriana do solo. Alterações significativas na estrutura da comunidade microbiana do solo, com a aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura, foram observadas. Doses maiores de ARS (200 e 300 m3 ha-1) influenciaram de forma significativa (p<0,05) e privilegiaram a permanência de alguns grupos específicos de bactérias.

ABSTRACT Swine wastewater (SW) application in agricultural soils may affect its microbial community in a long term. The objective of this study was to evaluate prospective changes in soil bacterial community after eight years continuous application of swine wastewater. The wastewater doses tested were 0; 100; 200 and 300 m3 ha-1, being applied from the beginning of the experiment and with or without recommended fertilization. Three soil samples were taken from each plot for determinations of basal respiration, microbial biomass and metabolic quotient. We also performed DGGE analysis and made a correlation between soil chemical conditions and microbial activity. Microbial community underwent significant structural changes from swine wastewater applications. Higher SW doses (200 and 300 m3 ha-1) influenced significantly (p <0.05) and benefitted certain bacteria groups.