ABSTRACT: In the state of Amazonas, the ‘Pêra’ orange scion is traditionally cultivated on ‘Rangpur’ lime tree. The restricted use of a single scion-rootstock combination has left local orchards vulnerable to adverse conditions and incidence of pests and diseases, which may negatively interfere with both productivity and fruit quality and the citrus activity sustainability in the state. The expansion of the number of scion-rootstock combinations becomes a viable alternative to overcome such problems. To meet this demand from citrus growers, 30 combinations with 10 scions and 3 rootstocks were evaluated in the sixth and seventh year after planting seedlings in the field in the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva, AM. In this experiment, productivity, juice yield, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, ratio and technological index were evaluated. ‘Pineapple’ scion with ‘Sunki Tropical’ and ‘BRS Bravo’ rootstocks can be productive alternatives in relation to traditional ‘Pêra’ orange scion under ‘Rangpur’ lime combination in the state of Amazonas. ‘Lima’ orange with ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin, ‘Rangpur lime SC’ and ‘BRS Bravo’ lime rootstocks can be alternatives for the fresh market in the state. Combinations that showed good fruit quality are ‘Pêra’, ‘Salustiana’, ‘Valência Tuxpan’ and ‘Westin’ scions with ‘BRS Bravo’ rootstock, and ‘Pêra D6’ scion with ‘Rangpur lime SC’ lemon rootstock. These combinations are alternatives for the diversification of orchards in the state of Amazonas. ABSTRACT Amazonas Pêra Rangpur tree scionrootstock rootstock diseases problems growers 1 Eva AM experiment yield solids pH acidity ‘Pineapple Pineapple Sunki Tropical BRS Bravo ‘Lima Lima mandarin SC ‘Pêra, , ‘Salustiana, Salustiana ‘Salustiana ‘Salustiana’ Valência Tuxpan ‘Westin Westin D6 D

RESUMO: No estado do Amazonas cultiva-se, tradicionalmente, a laranjeira ‘Pêra’ sobre o limoeiro ‘Cravo’. O uso restrito de uma única combinação de copa-porta-enxerto tem deixado os pomares locais vulneráveis à condições adversas e a incidência de pragas e doenças, podendo interferir negativamente tanto na produtividade como na qualidade dos frutos e sustentabilidade citrícola do Estado. A ampliação do número de combinações-copas-porta-enxertos torna-se uma alternativa viável para superar tais problemas. Para atender a esta demanda dos produtores de citros foram avaliadas 30 combinações com 10 copas e três porta-enxertos no sexto e sétimo ano após o plantio das mudas no campo, no município de Rio Preto da Eva, AM. Nesse experimento foram avaliadas: a produtividade, o rendimento de suco, os sólidos solúveis, o pH, a acidez titulável, o ratio e o índice tecnológico. A copa ‘Pineapple’ com os porta-enxertos tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’ e ‘BRS Bravo’ podem ser alternativas produtivas em relação a tradicional combinação laranja ‘Pêra’ sob limoeiro ‘Cravo’ no Amazonas. A copa laranja ‘Lima’ com os porta-enxertos tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e ‘BRS Bravo’ podem ser alternativas para o mercado in natura no estado. As combinações que apresentaram boa qualidade do fruto são as copas ‘Pêra’, ‘Salustiana’, ‘Valência Tuxpan’ e ‘Westin’ com o porta-enxerto ‘BRS Bravo’, e a copa ‘Pêra D6’ com o porta-enxerto limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’. Estas combinações são alternativas para a diversificação dos pomares do estado do Amazonas. RESUMO cultivase, cultivase cultiva se, se cultiva-se tradicionalmente Pêra ‘Cravo. Cravo . copaportaenxerto porta enxerto doenças Estado combinaçõescopasportaenxertos enxertos tornase torna problemas 3 1 portaenxertos campo Eva AM suco solúveis pH titulável tecnológico ‘Pineapple Pineapple Sunki Tropical BRS Bravo ‘Lima Lima Tropical, , Cruz ‘Pêra, ‘Salustiana, Salustiana ‘Salustiana ‘Salustiana’ Valência Tuxpan ‘Westin Westin portaenxerto Bravo, D6 D Cruz.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the factors associated with COVID-19 death in pregnant women hospitalized in Intensive Care Units in Brazil. Methods: this ecological study was conducted using secondary data from Brazilian pregnant women with COVID-19 hospitalized in Intensive Care Units between March 2020 and March 2022. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were employed. Results: out of 3,547 pregnant women with COVID-19 hospitalized in Intensive Care Units, 811 died (22.8%). It was found that lack of COVID-19 vaccination (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.83; 4.04), dyspnea (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.17; 2.56), obesity (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05; 2.17), chronic cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.14; 2.38), and non-white race/color (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00; 1.66) were independently and significantly associated with death. Conclusions: it is concluded that vaccination status, presence of comorbidities, and clinical and ethnic-racial characteristics are associated with COVID-19 death in pregnant women hospitalized in Intensive Care Units in Brazil. Objectives COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brazil Methods 202 2022 employed Results 3547 3 547 3,54 81 22.8%. 228 22.8% . 22 8 (22.8%) OR (OR 2.73 273 2 73 95 CI 1.83 183 1 83 4.04, 404 4.04 , 4 04 4.04) 1.73 173 1.17 117 17 2.56, 256 2.56 56 2.56) 1.51 151 51 1.05 105 05 2.17, 217 2.17 2.17) 1.65 165 65 1.14 114 14 2.38, 238 2.38 38 2.38) nonwhite non white racecolor race color 1.29 129 29 1.00 100 00 1.66 166 66 Conclusions status comorbidities ethnicracial ethnic racial COVID1 COVID- 20 354 54 3,5 22.8 (22.8% 2.7 27 7 9 1.8 18 40 4.0 0 1.7 1.1 11 25 2.5 5 1.5 15 1.0 10 21 2.1 1.6 16 6 23 2.3 1.2 12 35 3, 22. (22.8 2. 1. 4. (22. (22 (2 (

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar os fatores associados ao óbito por COVID-19 em gestantes hospitalizadas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no Brasil. Métodos: este estudo ecológico foi realizado com dados secundários de gestantes brasileiras com COVID-19 hospitalizadas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, entre março de 2020 e março de 2022. Empregou-se análise univariada e regressão logística. Resultados: de 3.547 gestantes com COVID-19 hospitalizadas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, 811 evoluíram a óbito (22,8%). Evidenciou-se que a não vacinação contra a COVID-19 (OR: 2,73; IC95: 1,83;4,04), dispneia (OR: 1,73; IC95:1,17;2,56), obesidade (OR: 1,51; IC95: 1,05;2,17), doença cardiovascular crônica (OR: 1,65; IC95: 1,14;2,38) e a raça/cor não branca (OR: 1,29; IC95: 1,00;1,66) associaram-se de forma independente e significante ao óbito. Conclusões: conclui-se que o estado vacinal, presença de comorbidades e características clínicas e étnico-raciais estão associadas ao óbito por COVID-19 em gestantes hospitalizadas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no Brasil. Objetivos COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brasil Métodos 202 2022 Empregouse Empregou se logística Resultados 3547 3 547 3.54 81 22,8%. 228 22,8% . 22 8 (22,8%) Evidenciouse Evidenciou OR (OR 2,73 273 2 73 IC95 IC 1,834,04, 183404 1,83 4,04 , 1 83 4 04 1,83;4,04) 1,73 173 IC951,172,56, IC95117256 1,17 2,56 17 56 IC95:1,17;2,56) 1,51 151 51 1,052,17, 105217 1,05 2,17 05 1,05;2,17) 1,65 165 65 1,142,38 114238 1,14 2,38 14 38 1,14;2,38 raçacor raça cor 1,29 129 29 1,001,66 100166 1,00 1,66 00 66 1,00;1,66 associaramse associaram Conclusões concluise conclui vacinal étnicoraciais étnico raciais COVID1 COVID- 20 354 54 3.5 22,8 (22,8% 2,7 27 7 IC9 834 1,834,04 18340 183 1,8 404 4,0 0 1,83;4,04 1,7 IC951 172 IC951,172,56 IC9511725 117 1,1 256 2,5 5 IC95:1,17;2,56 1,5 15 052 1,052,17 10521 105 1,0 217 2,1 1,05;2,17 1,6 16 6 142 1,142,3 11423 114 238 2,3 1,14;2,3 1,2 12 001 1,001,6 10016 100 166 1,00;1,6 35 3. 22, (22,8 2, 1,834,0 1834 18 1, 40 4, 1,83;4,0 IC951,172,5 IC951172 11 25 IC95:1,17;2,5 1,052,1 1052 10 21 1,05;2,1 1,142, 1142 23 1,14;2, 1,001, 1001 1,00;1, (22, 1,834, 1,83;4, IC951,172, IC95117 IC95:1,17;2, 1,052, 1,05;2, 1,142 1,14;2 1,001 1,00;1 (22 1,834 1,83;4 IC951,172 IC9511 IC95:1,17;2 1,052 1,05;2 1,14; 1,00; (2 1,83; IC951,17 IC95:1,17; 1,05; ( IC951,1 IC95:1,17 IC951, IC95:1,1 IC95:1, IC95:1

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar los factores relacionados al óbito por COVID-19 en embarazadas hospitalizadas en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en Brasil. Métodos: se trata de un estudio ecológico realizado con datos secundarios de embarazadas brasileñas con COVID-19 hospitalizadas en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2022. Empleado análisis univariado y regresión logística. Resultados: de 3.547 embarazadas con COVID-19 hospitalizadas en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, 811 evolucionaron a óbito (22,8%). Evidenciado que la no vacunación contra la COVID-19 (OR: 2,73; IC95: 1,83;4,04), disnea (OR: 1,73; IC95:1,17;2,56), obesidad (OR: 1,51; IC95: 1,05;2,17), enfermedad cardiovascular crónica (OR: 1,65; IC95: 1,14;2,38) y la raza/color no blanca (OR: 1,29; IC95: 1,00;1,66) se relacionaron de manera independiente y significante al óbito. Conclusiones: concluido que el estado de vacunación, presencia de comorbilidades y características clínicas y étnico-raciales están relacionadas al óbito por COVID-19 en embarazadas hospitalizadas en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en Brasil. Objetivos COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brasil Métodos 202 2022 logística Resultados 3547 3 547 3.54 81 22,8%. 228 22,8% . 22 8 (22,8%) OR (OR 2,73 273 2 73 IC95 IC 1,834,04, 183404 1,83 4,04 , 1 83 4 04 1,83;4,04) 1,73 173 IC951,172,56, IC95117256 1,17 2,56 17 56 IC95:1,17;2,56) 1,51 151 51 1,052,17, 105217 1,05 2,17 05 1,05;2,17) 1,65 165 65 1,142,38 114238 1,14 2,38 14 38 1,14;2,38 razacolor raza color 1,29 129 29 1,001,66 100166 1,00 1,66 00 66 1,00;1,66 Conclusiones étnicoraciales étnico raciales COVID1 COVID- 20 354 54 3.5 22,8 (22,8% 2,7 27 7 IC9 834 1,834,04 18340 183 1,8 404 4,0 0 1,83;4,04 1,7 IC951 172 IC951,172,56 IC9511725 117 1,1 256 2,5 5 IC95:1,17;2,56 1,5 15 052 1,052,17 10521 105 1,0 217 2,1 1,05;2,17 1,6 16 6 142 1,142,3 11423 114 238 2,3 1,14;2,3 1,2 12 001 1,001,6 10016 100 166 1,00;1,6 35 3. 22, (22,8 2, 1,834,0 1834 18 1, 40 4, 1,83;4,0 IC951,172,5 IC951172 11 25 IC95:1,17;2,5 1,052,1 1052 10 21 1,05;2,1 1,142, 1142 23 1,14;2, 1,001, 1001 1,00;1, (22, 1,834, 1,83;4, IC951,172, IC95117 IC95:1,17;2, 1,052, 1,05;2, 1,142 1,14;2 1,001 1,00;1 (22 1,834 1,83;4 IC951,172 IC9511 IC95:1,17;2 1,052 1,05;2 1,14; 1,00; (2 1,83; IC951,17 IC95:1,17; 1,05; ( IC951,1 IC95:1,17 IC951, IC95:1,1 IC95:1, IC95:1

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different pharmaceutical forms of Butaphosphan on milk production and the metabolism in dairy cows during the postpartum period. After in vitro and pharmacokinetic assays, thirty-six multiparous cows belonging to the Holstein breed, were randomly divided into three groups: Group BUT (n=12), that received an aqueous solution of Butaphosphan (150 mg/mL); Group BUTSR (n=12), that received a sustained-release formulation of Butaphosphan (150 mg/mL) and Group Control (CL ; n=12), that received saline solution (NaCl 0.9 %). All the groups received three subcutaneous doses of 30 mL in the neck region, on the day of parturition (day 0) and 3 and 7 days after parturition. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7 and 10, postpartum. Daily milk production was evaluated from day 11 to 60, postpartum. The animals of the BUTSR group presented greater (P=0.01) milk production than the other groups. It was observed that the BUTSR and BUT groups showed higher blood levels of calcium (P=0.01) than the animals in the CL group. The BUTSR group obtained higher milk production compared to other groups, demonstrating that this pharmaceutical form has great potential for a future product and could be an alternative for the market. More studies are needed to better understand the action of Butaphosphan on the metabolism of dairy cows in the recent postpartum period. period assays thirtysix thirty six breed n=12, n12 n n=12 , 12 (n=12) 150 (15 mg/mL mgmL mg sustainedrelease sustained release n=12) NaCl 09 0 9 0. %. % . %) region 10 1 60 P=0.01 P001 P 01 (P=0.01 market n1 n=1 (n=12 15 (1 6 P=0.0 P00 (P=0.0 n= (n=1 ( P=0. P0 (P=0. (n= P=0 (P=0 (n P= (P= (P

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos das diferentes formas farmacêuticas contendo Butafosfan sob a produção de leite e o metabolismo de vacas leiteiras durante o pós-parto. A partir de ensaios in vitro e in vivo, duas formas farmacêuticas foram testadas em animais de produção. Trinta e seis vacas da raça Holandês, foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo BUT (n=12), que recebeu solução aquosa de Butafosfan (150 mg mL-1); BUTSR (n=12), que recebeu uma formulação de liberação prolongada de Butafosfan (150 mg mL-1) e o Grupo CL (Controle; n=12), que recebeu solução fisiológica de cloreto de sódio. Todos os grupos, tiveram administração de três doses subcutâneas de 30 mL. A aplicação foi realizada no dia do parto (dia 0) e nos dias 3 e 7 após o parto. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias 0, 3, 7 e 10 para avaliação de parâmetros metabólitos e a produção de leite foi avaliada do dia 11 aos 60 dias pós-parto. O grupo BUTSR apresentou maior produção de leite (P=0.01), em comparação aos demais grupos. Observou-se que os grupos BUTSR e BUT apresentaram maiores níveis sanguíneos de cálcio (P=0.01) que os animais do grupo CL. O grupo BUTSR obteve maior produção de leite em comparação aos demais grupos, demonstrando que essa forma farmacêutica possui grande potencial, podendo ser uma alternativa para o mercado. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor compreender a ação do Butafosfan no metabolismo de vacas leiteiras no pós-parto recente. pósparto. pósparto pós vivo Holandês n=12, n12 n n=12 , 12 (n=12) 150 (15 mL1 mL 1 mL-1 Controle (Controle n=12) sódio 0 6 P=0.01, P001 P P=0.01 01 Observouse Observou se (P=0.01 potencial mercado recente n1 n=1 (n=12 15 (1 mL- P00 P=0.0 (P=0.0 n= (n=1 ( P0 P=0. (P=0. (n= P=0 (P=0 (n P= (P= (P

ABSTRACT Endophytic microorganisms in lettuce plants have received little attention for their potential biological control of phytopathogens. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and select endophytic bacteria from lettuce seedlings cv. Brava and Creta, antagonistic to the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria sp. (ALT23) in culture media through direct interaction. The experimental design was completely randomized in an 11 x 2 factorial scheme, with 11 treatments [Control - ALT23 and 10 previously selected bacterial isolates] and two evaluation periods (the 5th and 8th day after inoculation) with four replications each. The 16S rDNA gene sequences of the isolates revealed a high similarity with Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622, B. subtilis NCIB 3610, B. velezenzis CR-502, B. siamensis KCTC 13613, and Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842. The selected bacterial isolates reduced ALT23 mycelial diameter (46.2-65.3%) and rate (51.8-91.6%). We conclude that endophytic bacterial isolates with antagonistic potential against phytopathogens must be selected after more than five days of cultivation in a culture medium, as longer cultivation times favor endophyte inhibitory activity. isolate identify cv Creta sp ALT (ALT23 interaction 1 scheme Control ALT2 th inoculation each S 13622 B 3610 CR502, CR502 CR 502, 502 CR-502 13613 842 46.265.3% 462653 46.2 65.3% 46 65 3 (46.2-65.3% 51.891.6%. 518916 51.8 91.6% . 51 8 91 6 (51.8-91.6%) medium activity (ALT2 1362 361 CR50 50 CR-50 1361 84 265 46.265.3 46265 462 46. 653 65.3 4 (46.2-65.3 891 51.891.6% 51891 518 51. 916 91.6 5 9 (51.8-91.6% (ALT 136 36 CR5 CR-5 26 46.265. 4626 65. (46.2-65. 89 51.891.6 5189 91. (51.8-91.6 13 CR- 46.265 (46.2-65 51.891. (51.8-91. 46.26 (46.2-6 51.891 (51.8-91 (46.2- 51.89 (51.8-9 (46.2 (51.8- (46. (51.8 (46 (51. (4 (51 ( (5

RESUMO Microrganismos endofíticos em plantas de alface têm recebido pouca atenção pelo seu potencial controle biológico de fitopatógenos. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar, identificar e selecionar bactérias endofíticas de plântulas de alface cv. Brava e Creta, antagonistas do fungo fitopatogênico Alternaria sp. (ALT23) em meio de cultura através de interação direta. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 11 x 2, com 11 tratamentos [Controle - ALT23 e 10 isolados bacterianos previamente selecionados] e dois períodos de avaliação (5º e 8º dia após a inoculação) com quatro repetições. As sequências do gene 16S rDNA dos isolados revelaram uma alta similaridade com Bacillus tequilensis KCTC 13622, B. subtilis NCIB 3610, B. velezenzis CR-502, B. siamensis KCTC 13613 e Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842. Os isolados bacterianos selecionados reduziram o diâmetro micelial de ALT23 (46,2-65,3%) e a taxa (51,8-91,6%). Concluímos que isolados bacterianos endofíticos com potencial antagônico contra fitopatógenos devem ser selecionados após mais de cinco dias de cultivo em meio de cultura, pois tempos de cultivo mais longos favorecem a atividade inibitória do endófito. isolar cv Creta sp ALT (ALT23 direta 1 2 Controle ALT2 5º º inoculação repetições S 13622 B 3610 CR502, CR502 CR 502, 502 CR-502 1361 842 46,265,3% 462653 46,2 65,3% 46 65 3 (46,2-65,3% 51,891,6%. 518916 51,8 91,6% . 51 8 91 6 (51,8-91,6%) endófito (ALT2 1362 361 CR50 50 CR-50 136 84 265 46,265,3 46265 462 46, 653 65,3 4 (46,2-65,3 891 51,891,6% 51891 518 51, 916 91,6 5 9 (51,8-91,6% (ALT 36 CR5 CR-5 13 26 46,265, 4626 65, (46,2-65, 89 51,891,6 5189 91, (51,8-91,6 CR- 46,265 (46,2-65 51,891, (51,8-91, 46,26 (46,2-6 51,891 (51,8-91 (46,2- 51,89 (51,8-9 (46,2 (51,8- (46, (51,8 (46 (51, (4 (51 ( (5

ABSTRACT Objective Currently programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in combination with other therapies are being evaluated to determine their efficacy in cancer treatment. However, the effect of PD-ligand (L) 1 expression on disease outcomes in stage III (EC III) non-small cell lung cancer is not completely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of PD-L1 expression on the outcomes of EC III non-small cell lung cancer. Methods This study was conducted on patients diagnosed with EC III non-small cell lung cancer who underwent treatment at a tertiary care hospital. PD-L1 expression was determined using immunohistochemical staining, all patients expressed PD-L1. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Relationships between variables were assessed using Cox proportional regression models. Results A total of 49 patients (median age=69 years) with EC III non-small cell lung cancer and PD-L1 expression were evaluated. More than half of the patients were men, and most were regular smokers. The patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, or sequential or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median progression-free survival of the entire cohort was 14.2 months, and the median overall survival was 20 months. There was no significant association between PD-L1 expression and disease progression, clinical characteristics, or overall survival. Conclusions PD-L1 expression was not correlated with EC III non-small cell lung cancer outcomes. Whether these findings differ from the association with immune checkpoint inhibitors remains to be addressed in future studies. PD1 PD (PD-1 However PDligand ligand L (L nonsmall non small understood Therefore PDL1 PDL L1 PD-L hospital staining PDL1. L1. KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier method models 4 age69 age 69 age=6 years men smokers surgery radiotherapy progressionfree progression free 142 14 2 14. months characteristics studies (PD- age6 6 age= (PD

ABSTRACT Rationale: Evidence about long-term sequelae after hospitalization for acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 is still scarce. Purpose: To evaluate changes in pulmonary, cardiac, and renal function and in quality of life after hospitalization for acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19. Methods: This will be a multicenter case–control study of 220 participants. Eligible are patients who are hospitalized for acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19. In the control group, individuals with no history of hospitalization in the last 12 months or long-term symptoms of COVID-19 will be selected. All individuals will be subjected to pulmonary spirometry with a carbon monoxide diffusion test, chest tomography, cardiac and renal magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium, ergospirometry, serum and urinary creatinine, total protein, and urinary microalbuminuria, in addition to quality-of-life questionnaires. Patients will be evaluated 12 months after hospital discharge, and controls will be evaluated within 90 days of inclusion in the study. For all the statistical analyses, p < 0.05 is the threshold for significance. Results: The primary outcome of the study will be the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide measured after 12 months. The other parameters of pulmonary, cardiac, and renal function and quality of life are secondary outcomes. Conclusion: This study aims to determine the long-term sequelae of pulmonary, cardiac, and renal function and the quality of life of patients hospitalized for acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 in the Brazilian population. Rationale longterm long term COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 scarce Purpose COVID19. 19. Methods casecontrol case 22 participants group 1 selected test tomography gadolinium ergospirometry creatinine protein microalbuminuria qualityoflife questionnaires discharge 9 analyses 005 0 05 0.0 significance Results outcomes Conclusion population COVID1 COVID- 2 00 0.

RESUMO Fundamento: As evidências acerca das sequelas a longo prazo após internação por síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo por COVID-19 ainda são escassas. Objetivo: Avaliar alterações nas funções pulmonar, cardíaca e renal e na qualidade de vida após internação por síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo secundária à COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo multicêntrico, caso-controle, incluindo 220 participantes. Os casos serão definidos como pacientes hospitalizados por síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo devido à COVID-19. No Grupo Controle, serão selecionados indivíduos sem histórico de hospitalização nos últimos 12 meses ou sintomas a longo prazo de COVID-19. Todos os indivíduos serão submetidos à espirometria pulmonar com teste de difusão pelo monóxido de carbono, tomografia de tórax, ressonância magnética cardíaca e renal com gadolínio, ergoespirometria, creatinina sérica e urinária, proteínas totais e microalbuminúria urinária, além de questionários de qualidade de vida. Os casos serão avaliados 12 meses após a alta hospitalar e os controles, 90 dias após a inclusão no estudo. Para todas as análises estatísticas, será assumido como significativo o valor p < 0,05. Resultados: O desfecho primário do estudo foi definido com a capacidade de difusão pulmonar aferida para o monóxido de carbono a partir de 12 meses. Os demais parâmetros das funções pulmonar, cardíacas e renal e da qualidade de vida foram definidos como desfechos secundários. Conclusão: Este estudo visa determinar as sequelas a longo prazo nas funções pulmonar, cardíaca e renal e na qualidade de vida de pacientes internados por síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo devido à COVID-19 na população brasileira. Fundamento COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 escassas Objetivo COVID19. 19. Métodos Tratase Trata se multicêntrico casocontrole, casocontrole caso controle, controle caso-controle 22 participantes Controle 1 tórax gadolínio ergoespirometria urinária controles 9 estatísticas 005 0 05 0,05 Resultados secundários Conclusão brasileira COVID1 COVID- 2 00 0,0 0,

ABSTRACT: Native to the tropical Americas, guava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important crop in Brazil. However, the emergence of so-called guava decline, a complex disease resulting from root parasitism by the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback) in association with opportunistic fungi, has decimated guava orchards across Brazil and in other countries. In the present study, seminiferous guava accessions were vegetatively propagated by minigrafting and their genotypes preserved for resistance reassessment in clones to confirm or not host plant reactions. The results indicated a highly virulent parasite, high host suitability of the P. guajava species, and widely varying reactions among plants of the same genotype and between different genotypes, demonstrating that the strategy of preserving the germplasm and reassessing reactions in clones may be important in identifying and selecting germplasms with a degree of resistance to M. enterolobii. The progeny of cv. Paluma P02R5R2 obtained the lowest average parasite reproduction factor (RF = 22.11) among the genotypes evaluated and was; therefore; classified as moderately resistant and preserved for future research. ABSTRACT Americas Psidium L. L However socalled so called decline rootknot knot Meloidogyne Eisenback fungi countries study P species M cv PRR R P02R5R RF 22.11 2211 22 11 was therefore research 22.1 221 2 1 22.

RESUMO: Originária da América Tropical, a goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) tem grande relevância para o Brasil. Contudo, o surgimento do patossistema designado como declínio da goiabeira, problema fitossanitário provocado pelo parasitismo das raízes pelo nematoide-das-galhas (Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback) em associação com fungos oportunistas, dizimou muitos pomares em todas as regiões do Brasil e em outros países. No presente estudo, propagou-se vegetativamente, por miniestaquia, acessos de goiabeiras seminíferas mantendo seus genótipos preservados e reavaliando a resistência por meio dos clones de forma a comprovar ou não as reações das plantas hospedeiras. Os resultados apontam para alta virulência do parasita, bem como alta hospedabilidade da espécie P. guajava, além da existência de grande variação da reação entre plantas do mesmo genótipo e entre genótipos distintos, o que indica que a estratégia de preservação do germoplasma e a reavaliação da reação em clones pode ser importante na busca e seleção de germoplasma com algum grau de resistência a M. enterolobii. A progênie da cv. Paluma P02R5R2 obteve a menor média de Fator de Reprodução do parasita (FR = 22,11) entre os genótipos avaliados, sendo classificada como moderadamente resistente e preservada para estudos posteriores. RESUMO Tropical Psidium L. L Contudo nematoidedasgalhas nematoide galhas Meloidogyne Eisenback oportunistas países estudo propagouse propagou se vegetativamente miniestaquia hospedeiras P distintos M cv PRR R P02R5R FR 22,11 2211 22 11 avaliados posteriores 22,1 221 2 1 22,

Abstract The study aimed to compare the adherence of Brazilian and Italian pediatric dentists to the biosafety measures and operative protocols recommended by the health authorities during COVID-19 pandemic and to classify the participants according to their risk of infection. An online questionnaire with 34 questions about sociodemographic and occupational data, dental practice organization, biological risk management, and clinical operative protocols was sent to Brazilian and Italian pediatric dentists using a convenience sampling strategy. Chi-square test and multivariate analysis (two-step cluster) were performed (α = 5%). Of 641 respondents (377 Brazilians and 264 Italians), most were female (94% and 70%, respectively), aged 20-39 years (63%), with over 10 years of professional experience (58% and 49%, respectively). Based on adherence to recommended biosafety measures, participants were classified as “safer” (n = 219) or “less safe” (n = 422). Adherence to recommended protocols by the majority of participants resulted in low contagion rates (Brazilians = 5%; Italians = 12.5%). Participants with extensive professional experience in the dental setting exhibited a greater tendency to implement multiple adaptations (three or more) in their practice. Most participants (Brazilians = 92%; Italians = 80.7%) adopted the recommended minimal intervention dentistry approaches, with the use of fissure sealants and the use of non-rotary instruments for caries removal the most frequently techniques used among Brazilians (36%) and Italians (66%), respectively. Two different profiles of pediatric dentists were identified based on the biosafety protocols adopted during the pandemic. In addition, changes were implemented in the dental care provided to children, with focus on the minimal intervention dentistry. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 infection 3 data organization management strategy Chisquare Chi square twostep two step cluster α 5%. 5 5% . 5%) 64 377 (37 26 Italians, , Italians) 94% 94 (94 70 70% respectively, respectively respectively) 2039 20 39 20-3 63%, 63 63% (63%) 1 58% 58 (58 49 49% safer “safer n 219 less safe 422. 422 422) 12.5%. 125 12.5% 12 12.5%) three more 92% 92 80.7% 807 80 7 approaches nonrotary non rotary 36% 36 (36% 66%, 66 66% (66%) addition children COVID1 COVID- 6 37 (3 2 9 (9 203 20- (63% (5 4 21 42 12.5 80.7 8 (36 (66% ( (63 12. 80. (66 (6

Abstract This study aimed to develop an instrument capable of measuring the level of functional impairment caused by migraine. In the initial phase, based on literature analysis and interviews with eight individuals diagnosed with migraine, 54 items were constructed describing impairments in individuals’ functioning during a migraine episode. Semantic and content analyses led to the exclusion of 14 items. In the second phase, 354 migraineurs participated. The internal structure was investigated using exploratory factor analyses, reliability was assessed using McDonald’s omega, and initial standardization was established by percentiles. The instrument, named the Migraine Functional Impairment Scale, consisted of 20 items divided into three factors: Activity Limitation (9 items, ω = .90), Emotional Impact (6 items, ω = .87), and Cognitive Impact (5 items, ω = .90). Although preliminary, the results suggest promising potential for the instrument in screening for signs of migraine-related impairment. phase 5 episode 1 35 participated McDonalds McDonald s omega percentiles Scale 2 factors 9 ( .90, 90 .90 , .90) 6 .87, 87 .87 .87) .90. . preliminary migrainerelated related 3 .9 8 .8

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um instrumento capaz de medir o nível de incapacitação funcional causado por enxaqueca. Na primeira etapa, a partir de análise da literatura e entrevistas com oito pessoas diagnosticadas com enxaqueca, foram construídos 54 itens que descrevem prejuízos no funcionamento dos indivíduos quando passam por uma crise de enxaqueca. As análises semântica e de conteúdo resultaram na exclusão de 14 itens. Na segunda etapa, participaram 354 enxaquecosos. Foram investigadas a estrutura interna por análises fatoriais exploratórias, a fidedignidade por ômega de Mcdonald e estabelecida normatização inicial por percentis. O instrumento, nomeado como Escala de Incapacitação Funcional por Enxaqueca, ficou composto por 20 itens, divididos em três fatores: Limitação de atividades (9 itens, ω = 0,90), Impacto emocional (6 itens, ω = 0,87) e Impacto cognitivo (5 itens, ω = 0,90). Os resultados, ainda que iniciais, indicam que o instrumento é promissor no rastreio de sinais de incapacitação causada pela enxaqueca. enxaqueca etapa 5 1 35 enxaquecosos exploratórias percentis Enxaqueca 2 fatores 9 ( 0,90, 090 0,90 , 0 90 0,90) 6 0,87 087 87 0,90. . resultados iniciais 3 09 0,9 0,8 08 8 0,

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un instrumento capaz de medir el nivel de incapacidad funcional causada por la migraña. En la primera etapa, a través del análisis de la literatura y entrevistas con ocho personas diagnosticadas con migraña, se construyeron 54 ítems que describen los perjuicios en el funcionamiento de los individuos durante una crisis de migraña. Los análisis semántico y de contenido resultaron en la exclusión de 14 ítems. En la segunda etapa, participaron 354 individuos con migraña. Se investigó la estructura interna mediante análisis factoriales exploratorios, la confiabilidad mediante el índice omega de McDonald y se estableció la normalización inicial mediante percentiles. El instrumento, denominado Escala de Incapacidad Funcional por Migraña, quedó compuesto por 20 ítems, divididos en tres factores: Limitación de Actividades (9 ítems, ω = .90), Impacto Emocional (6 ítems, ω = .87) e Impacto Cognitivo (5 ítems, ω = .90). Aunque preliminares, los resultados sugieren que el instrumento es prometedor para la detección de signos de incapacidad causada por la migraña. migraña etapa 5 1 35 exploratorios percentiles Migraña 2 factores 9 ( .90, 90 .90 , .90) 6 .87 87 .90. . preliminares 3 .9 .8 8

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forest restoration consortium or not with eucalyptus in the recovery of edaphic attributes. Three of them were managed with the following forest restorations: natural regeneration after clear cutting of eucalyptus planting (RP), planting of native species after clear cutting of eucalyptus planting (RA) and planting of native species after cutting 50% of eucalyptus planting (RAE), and of a secondary forest (FR). Sixteen (16) soil samples were collected in each area for the analysis of the physical and chemical attributes. The restoration with RA promoted a less acidic pH, lower Al 3+ content, higher P content and higher V%, similar to FR. The RAE and RP restorations favor an increase in SB, CTC, N and in the organic carbon content. attributes RP, , (RP) (RA 50 RAE, (RAE) FR . (FR) 16 (16 pH 3 V V% SB CTC (RP 5 (RAE (FR 1 (1 (

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining two injectable progesterone (iP4) formulas for estrous synchronization in ewes and to compare it with traditional intravaginal progesterone devices. Additionally, the study assessed whether the inclusion of GnRH enhances the reproductive outcomes of the iP4 treatment. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 20 Santa Inês ewes were divided into two groups: one group received intravaginal progesterone devices, and the other received combined long-acting and short-acting iP4. In the second experiment, 30 Corriedale ewes were divided into two groups: one received the combined iP4 with GnRH, and the other without GnRH. Estrous, ovulation, follicular populations, and progesterone concentrations were monitored. The combined iP4 treatment induced an artificial luteal phase and produced reproductive responses similar to those obtained with intravaginal devices. In the first experiment, the iP4 treatment tended to result in more synchronized ovulation compared to the control (P=0.095). In the second experiment, adding GnRH enhanced the quality of the corpus luteum, as indicated by increased diameter and vascularization on Day 23 (P=0.047 and P=0.02, respectively). The combined administration of long-acting and short-acting iP4 effectively synchronized estrous in ewes and showed similar efficacy to traditional intravaginal devices. The inclusion of GnRH improved luteal quality, suggesting potential benefits for reproductive management in ewes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the fertility outcomes of these protocols under field conditions. iP (iP4 devices Additionally conducted experiment 2 groups longacting long acting shortacting short 3 Estrous populations monitored P=0.095. P0095 P P=0.095 . 0 095 (P=0.095) luteum P=0.047 P0047 047 (P=0.04 P002 02 P=0.02 respectively. respectively respectively) conditions (iP P009 P=0.09 09 (P=0.095 P=0.04 P004 04 (P=0.0 P00 P=0.0 (P=0.09 (P=0. P0 P=0. (P=0 P=0 (P= P= (P

ABSTRACT Objective: Abdominal ultrasonography is widely used to evaluate suspected cases of appendicitis. Objective descriptions of the direct and indirect signs of appendicitis result in varied assessments of its likelihood. This study introduces the Appendix Imaging Reporting and Data System (APENDIC-RADS) to standardize the reporting of appendix ultrasound findings. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included consecutive patients of all ages who underwent abdominal ultrasonography for the investigation of acute appendicitis. The primary outcome was histopathological confirmation of acute appendicitis post-surgery. The imaging findings were classified into five categories: APENDIC-RADS 0, where the appendix cannot be visualized; APENDIC-RADS 1, indicating a normal appendix; APENDIC-RADS 2, describing an appendix that is likely normal but only partially visualized; APENDIC-RADS 3, appendicitis cannot be ruled out due to uncertain features and APENDIC-RADS 4, acute appendicitis. Results: A total of 747 patients were assessed for suspected acute appendicitis using ultrasonography. Of the diagnosed patients, 52% were male, primarily exhibiting symptoms such as nausea and/or vomiting (60%), right iliac fossa pain (54%), and sudden decompression in the right iliac fossa (24%). Stratification into APENDIC-RADS categories revealed a significant variation in the incidence of acute appendicitis, with incidence rates of 4.5% for category 0 and 0.7%, 2.2%, 11.5%, and 93.5% for categories 1 to 4, respectively (p<0.001). The APENDIC-RADS showed excellent discriminative ability, evidenced by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.950 (95%CI=0.899-1). Conclusion: APENDIC-RADS categorization demonstrated excellent performance in standardizing the ultrasound-determined probability of acute appendicitis. Its implementation could improve physician communication and standardization of patient management. likelihood APENDICRADS APENDIC RADS (APENDIC-RADS Methods singlecenter single center postsurgery. postsurgery post surgery. surgery post-surgery visualized 2 3 4 Results 74 52 male andor or 60%, 60 60% , (60%) 54%, 54 54% (54%) 24%. 24 24% . (24%) 45 5 4.5 07 7 0.7% 22 2.2% 115 11 11.5% 935 93 93.5 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) ability 0950 950 0.95 95%CI=0.8991. 95CI08991 CI 95%CI=0.899 95 899 (95%CI=0.899-1) Conclusion ultrasounddetermined determined management 6 (60% (54% (24% 4. 0.7 2.2 11.5 9 93. p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 095 0.9 8991 95%CI=0.8991 95CI0899 95%CI=0.89 89 (95%CI=0.899-1 (60 (54 (24 0. 2. 11. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 09 95CI089 95%CI=0.8 8 (95%CI=0.899- (6 (5 (2 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 95CI08 95%CI=0. (95%CI=0.899 ( p<0 (p<0. 95CI0 95%CI=0 (95%CI=0.89 p< (p<0 95CI 95%CI= (95%CI=0.8 (p< 95%CI (95%CI=0. (p (95%CI=0 (95%CI= (95%CI

Abstract Although control of Covid-19 has improved, the virus continues to cause infections, such as tuberculosis, that is still endemic in many countries, representing a scenario of coinfection. To compare Covid-19 clinical manifestations and outcomes between patients with active tuberculosis infection and matched controls. This is a matched case-control study based on data from the Brazilian Covid-19 Registry, in hospitalized patients aged 18 or over with laboratory confirmed Covid-19 from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022. Cases were patients with tuberculosis and controls were Covid-19 patients without tuberculosis. From 13,636 Covid-19, 36 also had active tuberculosis (0.0026%). Pulmonary fibrosis (5.6% vs 0.0%), illicit drug abuse (30.6% vs 3.0%), alcoholism (33.3% vs 11.9%) and smoking (50.0% vs 9.7%) were more common among patients with tuberculosis. They also had a higher frequency of nausea and vomiting (25.0% vs 10.4%). There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation, need for dialysis and ICU stay. Patients with TB infection presented a higher frequency of pulmonary fibrosis, abuse of illicit drugs, alcoholism, current smoking, symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The outcomes were similar between them. Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 improved infections countries coinfection casecontrol case Registry 1 2020 31 2022 13636 13 636 13,63 Covid19, 19, 3 0.0026%. 00026 0.0026% . 0 0026 (0.0026%) 5.6% 56 5 6 (5.6 0.0%, 00 0.0% , 0.0%) 30.6% 306 30 (30.6 3.0%, 3.0% 3.0%) 33.3% 333 33 (33.3 11.9% 119 11 9 50.0% 500 50 (50.0 9.7% 97 7 25.0% 250 25 (25.0 10.4%. 104 10.4% 10 4 10.4%) inhospital hospital mortality ventilation stay drugs them Covid1 Covid- 202 1363 63 13,6 0002 0.0026 002 (0.0026% 5.6 (5. 0.0 30.6 (30. 3.0 33.3 (33. 11.9 50.0 (50. 9.7 25.0 2 (25. 10.4 20 136 13, 000 0.002 (0.0026 5. (5 0. 30. (30 3. 33. (33 11. 50. (50 9. 25. (25 10. 0.00 (0.002 ( (3 (2 (0.00 (0.0 (0. (0

Este artículo describe historicamente el diagnóstico clínico del trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado de ánimo (TDDEA). Con base en el método genealógico, esta categoria diagnostica se desnaturaliza y recontextualiza en su origen. Se analiza el concepto de desregulación del estado de ánimo a partir de la escala CBCL (Childhood Behavior Checklist), su identificación como trastorno bipolar pediátrico, posterior transformación en el diagnóstico de TDDEA y posterior crítica al mismo, con la propuesta de englobar los síntomas de desregulación del estado de ánimo en el diagnóstico de trastorno negativista desafiante. Como alternativa, se sugiere que el estado de ánimo de irritabilidad en la infancia es un estado afectivo primario, constituyendo una predisposición orgánica primaria. La regulación emocional, por su parte, es una construcción adaptativa, que se modela a lo largo de la vida, generando diversas presentaciones subjetivas. TDDEA. . (TDDEA) genealógico origen Childhood Checklist, Checklist , Checklist) pediátrico mismo desafiante alternativa primario primaria emocional parte adaptativa vida subjetivas (TDDEA

Resumos This article historically outlines the clinical diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Based on the genealogical method, this diagnostic category is denaturalized and recontextualized in its origin. The concept of mood dysregulation is analyzed from the Childhood Behavior Checklist scale (CBCL), its identification as a childhood bipolar disorder, subsequent transformation in the diagnosis of DMDD and subsequent criticism of it, with the proposal of encompassing the symptoms of mood dysregulation humor in childhood into the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder. As an alternative, the article suggests that irritable mood in childhood is a primary affective state, thus, constituting a primary organic predisposition. Emotional regulation, on the other hand, is an adaptive construction, which is modeled throughout life, generating diverse subjective presentations. DMDD. . (DMDD) method origin CBCL, CBCL , (CBCL) it alternative state thus predisposition regulation hand construction life presentations (DMDD (CBCL

Este artigo se propõe a delinear, historicamente, o diagnóstico clínico do Transtorno Disruptivo da Desregulação do Humor (TDDH). Com base no método genealógico, essa categoria diagnóstica é desnaturalizada e recontextualizada em sua origem. Analisa-se o conceito de desregulação do humor a partir da escala CBCL (Childhood Behaviour Checklist), sua identificação como um transtorno bipolar da infância, posterior transformação no diagnóstico de TDDH e subsequente crítica deste, com a proposta de englobar os sintomas de desregulação do humor na infância, no diagnóstico de transtorno opositor-desafiante. Como alternativa, o artigo sugere que o humor irritadiço na infância é um estado afetivo primário, constituindo-se, assim, em uma predisposição orgânica primária. Já a regulação emocional é uma construção adaptativa, que se modela ao longo da vida, gerando apresentações subjetivas diversas. delinear historicamente TDDH. . (TDDH) genealógico origem Analisase Analisa Childhood Checklist, Checklist , Checklist) deste opositordesafiante. opositordesafiante opositor desafiante. desafiante opositor-desafiante alternativa primário constituindose, constituindose constituindo se, constituindo-se assim primária adaptativa vida diversas (TDDH

Cet article retrace l’historique du diagnostic clinique du trouble disruptif avec dysrégulation émotionnelle (TDDE). Basée sur la méthode généalogique, cette catégorie diagnostique est dénaturalisée et recontextualisée dans ses origines. Le concept de dysrégulation émotionnelle est analysé à partir de l’échelle CBCL (Childhood Behavior Checklist), de son identification en tant que trouble bipolaire de l’enfance, de sa transformation ultérieure en diagnostic de TDDE et de sa critique ultérieure, avec la proposition d’inclure les symptômes de dysrégulation émotionnelle dans l’enfance dans le diagnostic du trouble oppositionnel avec provocation. Comme alternative, l’article suggère que l’humeur irritable dans l’enfance est un état affectif primaire, constituant ainsi une prédisposition organique primaire. La régulation émotionnelle, quant à elle, est une construction adaptative qui est modelée tout au long de la vie, générant diverses présentations subjectives. lhistorique l historique TDDE. . (TDDE) généalogique origines léchelle échelle Childhood Checklist, Checklist , Checklist) lenfance, lenfance enfance, enfance dinclure d inclure provocation alternative larticle lhumeur humeur primaire elle vie subjectives (TDDE

Abstract Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota metabolite, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. TMAO can trigger an inflammatory response by inducing the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling cascade and increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the worsening of CVD. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TMAO plasma levels and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 29 patients with CAD. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from fasting blood samples, and NF-κB and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM1) mRNA expression were estimated using real-time quantitative PCR. We determined TMAO plasma levels by LC-MS/MS and TNF-α by ELISA. Routine biochemical parameters were evaluated using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Correlations were estimated by Spearman or Pearson test. Statistical significance was set at the level of p < 0.05. Results: All patients presented TMAO levels within the normal range according to EUTox (normal range: 2.83 ± 1.53 mg/L; CAD patients: 0.2 [0.1 to 0.2] ng/μL). TMAO plasma levels were positively correlated with NF-κB mRNA expression (0.555; p = 0.002). Conclusion: TMAO plasma levels may be associated with NF-κB mRNA expression in patients with CAD and may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Background Noxide N oxide TMAO, , (TMAO) metabolite CVD (CVD development factorkappa factor kappa NFκB NF κB (NF-κB proinflammatory pro cytokines . (CAD) Methods crosssectional cross sectional 2 PBMC (PBMC samples VCAM1 VCAM (VCAM1 realtime real time PCR LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS/MS MS TNFα TNF α ELISA analyzer test 005 0 05 0.05 Results 283 83 2.8 153 53 1.5 mg/L mgL mg L 02 0. 0.1 01 [0. ng/μL. ngμL ng/μL ng μL ng/μL) 0.555 0555 555 (0.555 0.002. 0002 0.002 002 0.002) Conclusion (TMAO (CAD (VCAM LCMS MSMS 00 0.0 28 8 2. 15 5 1. [0 0.55 055 55 (0.55 000 0.00 [ 0.5 (0.5 (0. (0 (