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Many arthropod species have adopted vertebrate blood as their main food source. Blood is rich in nutrients and, except for the presence of parasites, sterile. However, this food source is not freely available, nor is obtaining it devoid of risk. It circulates inside vessels hidden underneath the skin of mobile hosts that are able to defend themselves and even predate the insects that try to feed on them. Thus, the haematophagous lifestyle is associated with major morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations that have accumulated throughout the evolutionary history of the various lineages of blood-sucking arthropods. These adaptations have significant consequences for the evolution of parasites as well as for the epidemiology of vector-transmitted diseases. In this review article, we analyse various aspects of the behaviour of triatomine bugs to illustrate how each behavioural trait represents a particular adaptation to their close association with their hosts, which may easily turn into predators. Our aim is to offer to the reader an up-to-date integrative perspective on the behaviour of Chagas disease vectors and to propose new research avenues to encourage both young and experienced colleagues to explore this aspect of triatomine biology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130409 5435 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

Feeding behavior of Triatoma vitticeps (Reduviidae: Triatominae) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Souza, Rita de Cássia Moreira de

; Soares, Adriana C

; Alves, Ceres Luciana

; Lorosa, Elias Seixas

; Pereira, Marcos Horácio

; Diotaiuti, Liléia

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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feb 2011, Volume 106 N. 1 Pages 16 - 22

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of Triatoma vitticeps through the identification of its food sources and the characterization of the blood ingestion process. In addition, we aimed to verify if the saliva of this vector interferes with the perception of the host during the feedings by creating a nervous impulse. Here, we demonstrated that the T. vitticeps saliva reduces, gradually and irreversibly, the amplitude of the compound action potential of the nervous fibre, which helps decrease the perception of the insect by the host. The precipitin reaction demonstrated the feeding eclecticism of this vector, with the identification of eight food sources - most of them found simultaneously in the same insect. The analysis of the electrical signals produced by the cibarial pump during meals demonstrated that the best feeding performance of T. vitticeps nymphs that fed on pigeons is mainly due to the higher contraction frequency of the pump. The longer contact period with the host to obtain a complete meal compared with other triatominae species of the same instar could favor the occurrence of multiple blood sources in T. vitticeps under natural conditions, as it was evidenced by the precipitin test.

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Influência da fermentação e secagem de amêndoas de cacau no teor de compostos fenólicos e na aceitação sensorial
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Efraim, Priscilla

; Pezoa-García, Nelson Horácio

; Jardim, Denise Calil Pereira

; Nishikawa, Amanda

; Haddad, Renato

; Eberlin, Marcos Nogueira

Food Science and Technology

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may 2010, Volume 30 Suppl. 1 Pages 142 - 150

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Devido à importância das etapas de fermentação e secagem das sementes de cacau para as características sensoriais dos produtos finais obtidos, bem como para os teores de compostos fenólicos presentes, objetivou-se avaliar a influência do tempo de fermentação e do tipo de secagem de sementes de cacaueiro nos teores de compostos fenólicos, bem como nas características físicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais dos produtos obtidos. Os tempos de fermentação avaliados foram 3 e 7 dias e a secagem foi realizada naturalmente (ao sol) e artificialmente (estufa com circulação de ar a 35 °C). Os teores de compostos fenólicos totais, flavan-3-óis e procianidinas foram quantificados durante a fermentação e ao término da secagem. Constatou-se que grande parte dos compostos fenólicos foi perdida durante a fermentação, sendo que as amêndoas fermentadas por 3 dias apresentaram teores maiores dos compostos fenólicos avaliados. Contudo, observou-se nessa condição uma significativa perda na qualidade sensorial. A secagem natural das amêndoas fermentadas permitiu maior retenção de polifenóis e também melhores resultados sensoriais em relação à secagem artificial. A avaliação sensorial realizada com uma bebida formulada com o liquor obtido dos diferentes tratamentos demonstrou que a amostra fermentada durante 7 dias apresentou as melhores notas sensoriais, sendo que o produto seco naturalmente foi o mais bem avaliado em relação aos demais.

Due to the importance of the fermentation and drying stages in the sensory characteristics and in the phenolic content of cocoa products, the present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the fermentation period and the type of drying of cocoa seeds, on the phenolic compounds content, as well as on the physical, physicochemical, and sensorial characteristics of the products. The periods of fermentation were 3 and 7 days and the fermented beans were dried naturally (sun drying) and artificially (under air circulation at 35 °C). The total phenolic compounds, flavan-3-ols and procyanidins content were quantified during fermentation and after drying. It was observed that most of the phenolic compounds were lost during the fermentation, and the beans that fermented for 3 days had higher levels of phenolic compounds. However, a significant loss in the sensorial quality was observed. The natural drying provided higher retention of phenols and the best sensorial results in comparison with artificial drying. The sensory evaluation, performed with a drink formulated with the liquor obtained from different treatments, showed that the product that fermented for 7 days presented the best sensorial notes, and the product dried naturally was considered the best among the others.

36503 downloads Cited 5 times in SciELO

Microplate reader analysis of triatomine saliva effect on erythrocyte aggregation
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Cardoso, Antonio Valadão

; Pereira, Marcos Horácio

; Marcondes, Guilherme de Araújo

; Ferreira, Adriana Rosa

; Araújo, Patrícia Rosa de

Materials Research

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mar 2007, Volume 10 N. 1 Pages 31 - 36

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Our hypothesis is that the action of aggregating and disaggregating substances in the blood can be detected and quantified by the Microplate Reader. To ascertain the validity of this hypothesis, we selected two types of blood: one that naturally presents erythrocyte aggregation (pig blood) and the other that does not present aggregation (bovine blood). One important reason for the choice of pig blood is that its erythrocyte aggregation resembles that of human blood. T. infestans saliva was added to the pig blood as a disaggregating substance, while bovine fibrinogen was added to the bovine blood as a substance that promotes erythrocyte aggregation. We investigated the dynamic viscosity (h) of these mammals' blood, of T. infestans saliva and of the absorption (A) by Microplate Reader, carrying out UV-Vis spectrophotometric assays of pig plasma with different concentrations of triatominae saliva and of bovine blood with different concentrations of fibrinogen. Our findings indicate that spectroscopic techniques such as the Microplate Reader complement and expand the study of blood rheology, erythrocyte sedimentation and aggregation.

2284 downloads

Potencial biológico do Triatoma brasiliensis
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Guarneri, Alessandra A.

; Carvalho, Maria das Graças

; Pereira, Marcos Horácio

; Diotaiuti, Liléia

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2000, Volume 16 Suppl. 2 Pages S101 - S104

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Foram estudados alguns parâmetros biológicos e fisiológicos do Triatoma brasiliensis em comparação com o Triatoma infestans e com o Triatoma pseudomaculata. O T. brasiliensis, alimentado em camundongos, apresentou um ciclo evolutivo de ninfa de primeiro estádio a adulto mais rápido e uma fecundidade maior quando comparado às demais espécies. O T. infestans apresentou a maior velocidade de ingestão sangüínea nos dois hospedeiros testados, seguido pelo T. brasiliensis e pelo T. pseudomaculata. Os testes de coagulação nos quais foram utilizados extratos de glândulas salivares de T. brasiliensis apresentaram valores de atividade anticoagulante intermediários entre os de T. infestans e os de T. pseudomaculata.

Biological and physiological parameters of Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma infestans, and Triatoma pseudomaculata were studied and compared. T. brasiliensis, reared on mice, showed a faster evolutionary cycle from first stage to adult and higher fecundity, when compared to the other species. T. infestans showed the fastest blood intake in both hosts tested, followed by T. brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata. Clotting tests using salivary gland extracts of T. brasiliensis presented intermediary values of anti-clotting activity when compared to T. infestans and T. pseudomaculata.

2889 downloads

Potencial biológico do Triatoma brasiliensis
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Guarneri, Alessandra A.

; Carvalho, Maria das Graças

; Pereira, Marcos Horácio

; Diotaiuti, Liléia

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2000, Volume 16 Suppl. 2 Pages S101 - S104

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

1143 downloads

Antischistosomal activity of acridanone- hydrazones in Cebus monkeys experimentally infected with the SJ strain of Schistosoma mansoni
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Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech

; Pereira, Leógenes Horácio

; Mello, Rômulo Teixeira de

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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sep 1995, Volume 28 N. 3 Pages 179 - 183

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

No presente trabalho, quatro compostos foram utilizados na dose de 12,5mg/kg de peso, por via oral, em macacos infectados transcutaneamente com cerca de 200 cercárias de Schistosoma mansoni. Os oogramas realizados com fragmentos de mucosa retal e os exames de fezes realizados, periodicamente, demonstraram a ausência de ovos viáveis do parasito a partir do 29- até o 226a dia pós-tratamento. A perfusão, apôs sacrifício dos animais tratados, não detectou vermes, enquanto que do macaco cotztrole 83 vermes foram recuperados, confirmando assim os resultados dos oogramas e da coproscopia. Estes resultados confirmam a eficácia das 9-acridanonas- hydrazonas já observada anteriormente contra a cepa LE de S. mansoni. A baixa dosagem curativa e aparente ausência de toxicidade colocam estas drogas como uma reserva terapêutica importante, tendo em vista o relato de resistência do S. mansoni às drogas modernas oxamniquína e praziquantel.

In this study, four compounds were utilized at the dose of 12.5mg/kg body weight, p.o., to treat Cebus monkeys experimentally infected with about 200 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni (SJ strain), via transcutaneous route. The oograms performed with rectal snips, as well as stool examinations carried out periodically, showed no viable eggs of the parasite, from day 29 to 226post-treatment. The perfusion undertaken after killing the animals showed absence of worms in the treated monkeys, whereas 83 worms were recovered from the control, thus corroborating the results obtained by means of oograms and coproscopy. These results confirm the efficacy of 9-acridanone- hydrazones previously tested against the LE strain of S. mansoni. The low curative dose and apparent absence of toxicity render these dmgs an important therapeutic reserve, taking into consideration the reports on the resistance of S. mansoni to the modern drugs oxamniquine and praziquantel.

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Activity of 9-acridanone-hydrazone drugs detected at the pre-postural phase, in the experimental schistosomiasis mansoni
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Pereira, Leogenes Horacio

; Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech

; Costa, Jose Oswaldo

; Mello, Rômulo Teixeira de

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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jun 1995, Volume 90 N. 3 Pages 425 - 428

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The compound Ro-15.5458/000, derivative in the class of 9-acridanone-hydrazones, was found to be effective against Schistosoma mansoni in mice, killing almost all the skin schistosomules (24 hr after infection), when administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg. In experiments carried out with Cebus monkeys, the drug was shown to be fully effective at 25 mg/kg, 7 days after infection. These data, associated with the good results obtained earlier at the post-postural phase of schistosomiasis, allow the inference that this promising compound may be important in the set of antischistosomal drugs, depending on further toxicological and clinical tests.

1504 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

10.

Schistosoma mansoni: preclinical studies with 9-acridanone-hydrazones in Cebus monkeys experimentally infected
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Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech

; Pereira, Leógenes Horácio

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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feb 1991, Volume 33 N. 1 Pages 50 - 57

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Derivados de acridina (9-acridanona-hidrazonas) foram testados em macacos Cebus experimentalmente infectados com Schistosoma mansoni, nas doses de 50, 25 e 12,5 mg/kg, em dose única, via oral. Quatro compostos, pelo menos, mostraram-se muito promissores, causando alterações no oograma e reduzindo drasticamente a carga de vermes, mesmo quando a dose mais baixa (12,5 mg/kg) foi usada. Efeitos colaterais não foram detectados após administração da droga.

Derivatives of acridine (9-Acridanone-hydrazones) were tested in Cebus monkeys experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni, at the dosages of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/kg (p.o., single dose). At least, four compounds seemed to be very promising, promoting alterations in the oogram and reducing the worm burden drastically, even at the lowest dose (12.5 mg/kg). No side effects could be detected after drug administration.

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