AbstractThe aim of this study was to manufacture a new zirconia implant (Y-TZP) and to evaluate the fracture strength and stresses generated after cyclic loading compared to titanium implants. Thirty-three zirconia and titanium implants were fabricated. The stress generated around the implants was observed by photoelastic analysis. The implants were then separated into groups (n = 10): Control (no treatment), mechanical fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue. All groups were submitted to a single cantilever flexure test to measure the material fracture strength. The results (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, p <.05) showed no statistically significant difference in the stresses generated between the zirconia and titanium implants. Titanium implants showed higher fracture strength than the zirconia implants, a property that was not altered by fatigue applied. It was concluded that stress distribution was similar for Zr and Ti and mechanical and thermomechanical fatigue had no influence on the fracture strength of the implants tested.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful response to stimulus applied to the open dentinal tubules of a vital tooth. It's a common oral condition, however, without an ideal treatment available yet. This work evaluated in vitro the effect of micron-sized particles from a novel bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) in occluding open dentinal tubules. A dentin disc model was employed to observe comparatively, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dentinal tubule occlusion by different products and deposition of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) on dentin surface by Biosilicate, after a single application: G1 - Dentifrice with potassium nitrate and fluoride; G2 - Two-step calcium phosphate precipitation treatment; G3 - Water-free gel containing Biosilicate particles (1%); G4 - Biosilicate particles mixed with distilled water in a 1:10 ratio; all of them after 1, 12 and 24 hours of immersion in artificial saliva. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to detect HCA formation on dentin discs filled with Biosilicate after 2 minutes, 30 minutes and 12 hours of immersion in artificial saliva. SEM showed a layer of HCA formed on dentin surface after 24 hours by G4. G1, G2 and G3 promoted not total occlusion of open dentinal tubules after 24 hours. FTIR showed HCA precipitation on the dentin surface induced by Biosilicate after 30 minutes. The micron-sized particles from the bioactive glass-ceramic thus were able to induce HCA deposition in open dentinal tubules in vitro. This finding suggests that Biosilicate may provide a new option for treating DH.

The intra-buccal polymeric bioadhesive systems that can stay adhered to the oral soft tissues for drug programmed release, with the preventive and/or therapeutic purpose has been employed for large clinical situations. A system based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/Carbopol 934'/magnesium stearate (HPMC/Cp/StMg) was developed having the sodium fluoride as active principle. This kind of system was evaluated according to its resistance to the removal by means of physical test of tensile strength. Swine buccal mucosa extracted immediately after animals' sacrifice was employed as substrate for the physical trials, to obtain 16 test bodies. Artificial saliva with or without mucin was used to involve the substrate/bioadhesive system sets during the trials. Artificial salivas viscosity was determined by means of Brookfield viscometer, showing the artificial saliva with mucin 10.0 cP, and the artificial saliva without mucin 7.5 cP. The tensile strength assays showed the following averages: for the group "artificial saliva with mucin" - 12.89 Pa, and for the group "without mucin" - 12.35 Pa. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the assays for both artificial salivas, and it was possible to conclude that the variable mucin did not interfered with the bioadhesion process for the polymeric devices. The device was able to release fluoride in a safe, efficient and constant way up to 8 hours.

Los sistemas bioadhesivos poliméricos intra-bucales pueden permanecer adheridos a los tejidos blandos orales para una liberación programada de fármacos, con finalidad preventiva y/o propósito terapéutico han sido empleados en diversas situaciones clínicas. Un sistema basado en Hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa/Carbopol934Ô/ estearato de magnesio (HPMC/Cp/StMg) fue desarrollado con fluorato de sodio como principio activo. Este tipo de sistema fue evaluado de acuerdo a su resistencia a la eliminación física por medio de pruebas de resistencia a la tracción. Mucosas bucales de cerdos fueron tomadas inmediatamente después del sacrificio de los animales y se utilizaron como sustrato para las pruebas físicas, obteniendo 16 cuerpos de prueba. Saliva artificial con o sin mucina fue utilizada para participar como parte del sistema sustrato/bioadesivo durante los ensayos. La viscosidad de la saliva artificial, se determinó mediante un viscosímetro Brookfield, mostrando la saliva artificial con mucina 10,0 cP y saliva artificial sin mucina 7,5 cP. Las pruebas de resistencia a la tracción mostraron los siguientes promedios: para la "saliva artificial con mucina" - 12,89 Pa, y para el grupo "sin mucina" - 12,35 Pa. El análisis estadístico no mostró diferencias significativas entre las pruebas de saliva artificial, y es posible concluir que la variable de mucina no interfiere con el proceso de bioadhesión del dispositivo polimérico. El dispositivo fue capaz de liberar fluor de forma segura, eficiente y constante durante un máximo de hasta 8 horas.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact and fracture resistance of acrylic resins: a heat-polymerized resin, a high-impact resin and an experimental polymethyl methacrylate with elastomer in different proportions (10, 20, 40 and 60%). 120 specimens were fabricated and submitted to conventional heat-polymerization. For impact test, a Charpy-type impact tester was used. Fracture resistance was assessed with a 3-point bending test by using a mechanical testing machine. Ten specimens were used for each test. Fracture (MPa) and impact resistance values (J.m-1) were submitted to ANOVA - Bonferroni's test - 5% significance level. Materials with higher amount of elastomer had statistically significant differences regarding to impact resistance (p < 0.05). Fracture resistance was superior (p < 0.01) for high-resistance acrylic resin. The increase in elastomer concentration added to polymethyl methacrylate raised the impact resistance and decreased the fracture resistance. Processing the material by injection decreased its resistance to impact and fracture.

For centuries, specific instruments or regular toothbrushes have routinely been used to remove tongue biofilm and improve breath odor. Toothbrushes with a tongue scraper on the back of their head have recently been introduced to the market. The present study compared the effectiveness of a manual toothbrush with this new design, i.e., possessing a tongue scraper, and a commercial tongue scraper in improving breath odor and reducing the aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of tongue surface. The evaluations occurred at 4 moments, when the participants (n=30) had their halitosis quantified with a halimeter and scored according to a 4-point scoring system corresponding to different levels of intensity. Saliva was collected for counts of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Data were analyzed statistically by Friedman's test (p<0.05). When differences were detected, the Wilcoxon test adjusted for Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons (group to group). The results confirmed the importance of mechanical cleaning of the tongue, since this procedure provided an improvement in halitosis and reduction of aerobe and anaerobe counts. Regarding the evaluated methods, the toothbrush's tongue scraper and conventional tongue scraper had a similar performance in terms of breath improvement and reduction of tongue microbiota, and may be indicated as effective methods for tongue cleaning.

Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are considered to be of multifactorial origin, normally associated with inadequate brushing. This study assessed the influence in vitro of simulated brushing on NCCL formation. Fifteen human premolars were submitted to brushing in the cementoenamel junction region, using hard-, medium- and soft-bristled brushes associated with a toothpaste of medium abrasiveness under a 200 g load, at a speed of 356 rpm for 100 minutes. The surface topography of the region was analyzed before and after brushing, by means of a laser interferometer, using "cut-off" values of 0.25 and considering roughness values in mm. The initial roughness (mm) results for dentin (D / bristle consistency: 1 - soft, 2 - medium and 3 - hard) were as follows: (D1) 1.25 ± 0.45; (D2) 1.12 ± 0.44; (D3) 1.05 ± 0.41. For enamel (E / bristle consistency: 1 - soft, 2 - medium and 3 - hard), the initial results were: (E1) 1.18 ± 0.35; (E2) 1.32 ± 0.25; (E3) 1.50 ± 0.38. After brushing, the following were the values for dentin: (D1) 2.32 ± 1.99; (D2) 3.30 ± 0.96; (D3) Over 500. For enamel, the values after brushing were: (E1) 1.37 ± 0.31; (E2) 2.15 ± 0.90; (E3) 1.22 ± 0.47. Based on the results of the ANOVA and Tukey statistical analyses (a = .05) it was concluded that soft, medium and hard brushes are not capable of abrading enamel, whereas dentin showed changes in surface roughness by the action of medium- and hard-bristled brushes.

Este trabalho avaliou in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana de alginatos (um deles contendo agente antimicrobiano) manipulados com água ou solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,2% contra 12 cepas da microbiota oral. Vinte espécimes (0,5 x 1,0 cm) para cada grupo (1. Jeltrate manipulado com água, 2. Jeltrate manipulado com solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,2%; 3. Greengel manipulado com água; 4. Greengel manipulado com solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,2%) foram confeccionados sob condições estéreis e semeados em meios de cultura inoculados com as cepas indicadoras. Após incubação em aerobiose ou microaerofilia, a inibição do crescimento microbiano foi medida e os resultados foram interpretados. A curva normal de aderência revelou uma distribuição não-normal dos dados, então o teste não paramétrico de Friedman (p < 0,05) foi realizado. A atividade antimicrobiana dos grupos foi classificada na seguinte ordem crescente: 1, 3, 4 e 2. Os resultados sugerem que a manipulação de alginatos com solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 0,2% é um método efetivo para reduzir a contaminação-cruzada causada pelos moldes, mais que a incorporação do agente antimicrobiano no pó.

This study evaluated in vitro the antimicrobial activity of irreversible hydrocolloids (one containing an antimicrobial agent) prepared with water or with a 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution against 12 strains of the oral microbiota. Twenty specimens (0.5 x 1.0 cm) for each group (1. Jeltrate mixed with water; 2. Jeltrate mixed with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution; 3. Greengel mixed with water; 4. Greengel mixed with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution) were prepared under sterile conditions and placed in culture media inoculated with the indicator strains. After incubation in aerobiosis or microaerophilia, inhibition of the microbial growth was measured and the results were interpreted. The normal adherence curve revealed a non-normal distribution of the data, so the non-parametric Friedman Test was performed (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of the groups was classified in the following order: 1, 3, 4, and 2. The results suggest that the method of preparing irreversible hydrocolloids with a 0.2% digluconate chlorhexidine solution is more effective than the incorporation of an antimicrobial agent in the powder to reduce cross-contamination caused by impressions.

Este estudo avaliou o nível de contaminação de seis marcas comerciais de alginato (duas contendo clorexidina) e identificou a contaminação presente nesses materiais. Alíquotas de alginato (0,06 g) foram semeadas em meios de cultura seletivos e enriquecidos, em triplicata. Após incubação (37°C/7 dias), as unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) foram contadas e foram realizadas as identificações morfotintorial (Gram) e bioquímica. Os níveis de contaminação dos materiais foram: Jeltrate - 389 UFC/g; Jeltrate Plus - 516 UFC/g; Jeltrate Chromatic - 135 UFC/g; Hydrogum - 1.455 UFC/g; Kromopan - 840 UFC/g; e Greengel - 59 UFC/g. A coloração de Gram revelou a presença de bacilos Gram-positivos e cocos Gram-positivos. As bactérias Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp., Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus e Nocardia sp.; os fungos filamentosos Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp., Neurospora sp.; e a levedura Candida sp. foram isolados. A contaminação detectada nos materiais aponta a necessidade de adoção de medidas para melhorar seu controle de qualidade microbiológica. O uso de materiais contaminados na boca contradiz os princípios básicos de controle de infecção-cruzada e pode representar um risco para pacientes debilitados ou imunocomprometidos.

This study assessed the level of contamination of six commercially available irreversible hydrocolloids (two containing chlorhexidine) and identified the contamination present in the materials. Petri dishes containing selective and enriched culture media were inoculated with alginate powder (0.06 g), in triplicate. After incubation (37°C/7 days), the colony-forming units (CFU) were counted and Gram stained. Biochemical identification of the different morphotypes was also performed. The contamination levels for the materials were: Jeltrate - 389 CFU/g; Jeltrate Plus - 516 CFU/g; Jeltrate Chromatic - 135 CFU/g; Hydrogum - 1,455 CFU/g; Kromopan - 840 CFU/g; and Greengel - 59 CFU/g. Gram staining revealed the presence of Gram-positive bacillus and Gram-positive cocci. The bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp., Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, and Nocardia sp.; the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp., Neurospora sp.; and the yeast Candida sp. were isolated. The contamination detected in the impression materials points out the need for adopting measures to improve the microbiological quality of these materials. The use of contaminated materials in the oral cavity goes against the basic principles for controlling cross-contamination and may represent a risk for debilitated or immunocompromised patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the bond strength of indirect composite restorations cemented with a resin-based cement associated with etch-and-rinse and self-etching primer adhesive systems to dentin treated or not with a bioactive material. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Twenty bovine incisor crowns had the buccal enamel removed and the dentin ground flat. The teeth were assigned to 4 groups (n=5): Group I: acid etching + Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply); Group II: application of a bioactive glass (Biosilicato®)+ acid etching + Prime & Bond NT; Group III: One-up Bond F (J Morita); Group IV: Biosilicato® + One-up Bond F. Indirect composite resin (Artglass, Kulzer) cylinders (6x10mm) were fabricated and cemented to the teeth with a dual-cure resin-based cement (Enforce, Dentsply). After cementation, the specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37ºC for 30 days and thereafter tested in tensile strength in a universal testing machine (EMIC) with 50 kgf load cell at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Failure modes were assessed under scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (95% level of confidence). RESULTS: Groups I, II and III had statistically similar results (p>0.05). Group IV had statistically significant higher bond strength means (p<0.05) than the other groups. The analysis of the debonded surfaces showed a predominance of adhesive failure mode for Group III and mixed failure mode for the other groups. CONCLUSION: The use of desensitizing agent did not affect negatively the bonding of the indirect composite restorations to dentin, independently of the tested adhesive systems.

Este estudio pretendió evaluar el comportamiento de resistencia a la tensión de modelos odontológicos obtenidos a partir de una resina epóxica de uso industrial modificada con circonita. A la resina Epoxiglass 1504 y el endurecedor Epoxiglass 1603 les fue adicionada circonita en una proporción de 1 para 1 en peso; modificada de esta manera fue manipulada siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante, el cual establece una proporción de 35% en peso entre la resina y el endurecedor. Fueron realizadas 15 impresiones de un modelo matriz, utilizando silicona de adición, siendo vaciados con Epoxiglass 1504, Epoxiglass 1504 modificada y Yeso Piedra tipo IV, obteniéndose 60 cuerpos de prueba en total. Las características de los mismos fueron: 12 mm. de altura y 6.0 mm. de diámetro. Los cuerpos de prueba fueron divididos en dos grupos de 30 cada uno, de estos uno de ellos fue sometido al ensayo mecánico de compresión y el otro al de tracción por compresión diametral, utilizando una máquina universal de ensayos DL2000 EMIC, con una célula de carga de 2000kgf y velocidad de 0,5mm/min. Los resultados fueron analizados con el análisis estadístico ANOVA y comprobación con el test de Tuckey con grado de exactitud de 5% verificando que: los modelos de resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 mostraron resistencia a compresión y resistencia a tracción por compresión diametral superior a los modelos de yeso tipo IV; la circonita aumenta la resistencia a tracción por compresión diametral de la resina Epoxiglass 1504. Frente a estos resultados, se puede concluir que la resina epoxica Epoxiglass 1504 se presenta como un material viable para la obtención de modelos odontológicos, así como también, que la circonita mejoró comportamiento mecánico del material en relación a las propiedades mecánicas estudiadas.

This study evaluated the tensil behavior of dental models obtained using an industrial epoxic resin modified with zirconita. The Epoxiglass resin 1504 and the hardener Epoxiglass 1603 were added with zirconita in a ratio of 1/1 in weight. The modified resin was manipulated in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, which establishes a relation of 35% in weight between the resin and the hardener. Fifteen moldings of a matrix were conducted using addition silicone. Then, they were filled with epoxic resin Epoxiglass 1504, resin Epoxiglass 1504 modified or type IV Durone plaster, which provided 60 test specimens with 12mm of height and 6mm of diameter. Thirty specimens were submitted to the compression assay and thirty to the traction assay by diametrical compression, using the universal machine DL2000 (EMIC), with a load cell of 2000 Kgf and 0,5mm/mim speed. The results were analyzed by Variance analysis followed by Tukey test with significance level set at 5%. It was verified that models made of Epoxiglass 1504 presented superior tensile strenght for diametrical compression and also superior compressive strength than models made of plaster type IV. The zirconita increased the tensile strenght for diametrical compression of the epoxic resin Epoxiglass 1504. In accordance to the present results, it was verified that the epoxic resin Epoxiglass 1504 is a viable material for dental modeling and that the zirconita provides mechanical benefit for the epoxic resin.

Esse estudo avaliou o comportamento tensil de modelos odontológicos obtidos a partir de uma resina epóxica de uso industrial modificada com zirconita. A resina Epoxiglass 1504 e o endurecedor Epoxiglass 1603 foram carregados com zirconita numa proporção de 1/1 em peso. A resina modificada foi manipulada de acordo com as especificações do fabricante, que estabelece uma relação de 35% em peso entre a resina e o endurecedor. Foram realizadas quinze moldagens de uma matriz, os moldes foram obtidos com silicone de adição e preenchidos com resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504, resina Epoxiglass 1504 modificada e gesso tipo IV Durone, o que proporcionou 60 corpos de prova com 12mm de altura e 6mm de diâmetro. Trinta corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de compressão e trinta ao ensaio de tração por compressão diametral, empregando-se a máquina universal de ensaios DL2000 da EMIC, com célula de carga de 2000Kgf e velocidade de 0,5mm/mim. Os resultados foram analisados com Teste de Variância e Tukey com significância de 5%, e verificou-se que: Modelos obtidos em resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 apresentam superior resistência à tração por compressão diametral que modelos obtidos em gesso tipo IV; Modelos obtidos em resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 apresentam superior resistência à compressão que modelos obtidos em gesso tipo IV; A zirconita aumenta a resistência à tração por compressão diametral da resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504. Diante dos resultados encontrados, verificou-se que a resina epóxica Epoxiglass 1504 apresenta-se como material viável para a modelagem odontológica e que a zirconita proporciona ganho mecânico para a resina epóxica.

A doença periodontal é morbidade com alta prevalência na população mundial. É causada pelo acúmulo de componentes microbianos do biofilme dental no interior das áreas subgengivais do periodonto, desencadeando processo inflamatório que afeta as estruturas de suporte dental, resultando em formação de bolsa periodontal e perda dos dentes, se não tratada. O tratamento convencional consiste de raspagem e alisamento radicular, associado ou não ao uso de antimicrobianos de ação sistêmica, o que implica altas doses, porém com eficácia reduzida, efeitos adversos e dificuldades de adesão ao tratamento por parte do paciente. Nas últimas décadas, o tratamento tem sido otimizado pelo uso de sistemas de liberação de fármaco intrabolsa periodontal, com a vantagem de liberar o fármaco no local de ação, possibilitando prolongar e/ou controlar sua concentração. A presente revisão aborda os principais sistemas de liberação de fármaco intrabolsa periodontal, o potencial de utilização, assim como os protocolos disponíveis para a avaliação da efetividade dos mesmos na terapia periodontal.

Periodontal disease is very common in the world population. It is caused by the accumulation of microbial components of the dental biofilm inside the subgingival areas, producing an inflammatory process that affects the supporting structures of tooth, periodontal pockets and loss of the teeth, if not treated. The conventional treatment consists of tooth surface mechanical cleaning and root planning, associated or not to the systemic use of high concentrations of antibiotics, but with reduced effectiveness, and adverse effects. The patient compliance to the therapeutic is committed too. In the last decades, the treatment has been optimized for the use of drug delivery systems to the periodontal pocket, with the advantage of delivering the drug in the specific site, sustaining and/or controlling the drug concentration. Recently, the use of new drug delivery systems has been receiving great interest. This review approaches the main delivery systems for the administration of drugs to the periodontal pocket, their usefulness, as well as the available protocols for the evaluation of these systems effectiveness in the periodontal therapy.

O trabalho comparou a perda de massa e a rugosidade superficial de materiais restauradores diretos polimerizados por luz halógena e por diodo emissor de luz (LED). A partir de uma matriz de politetrafluoretileno, foram confeccionados 20 corpos-de-prova (12 mm de diâmetro; 1,0 mm de espessura) para cada material restaurador [TPH (Dentsply); Definite (Degussa); Charisma (Heraus Kulzer)], sendo 10 espécimes polimerizados por LED e 10 polimerizados por luz halógena durante 40 s. Os corpos-de-prova foram polidos, levados ao rugosímetro para análise da rugosidade superficial (Ra inicial - mim) e armazenados em água a 37°C por 15 dias. Os corpos-de-prova foram pesados (M1) e submetidos a escovação simulada com suspensão preparada com dentifrício de alta abrasividade. Após 100 minutos no simulador de escovação, os espécimes foram limpos e tiveram o peso (M2) e rugosidade superficial (Ra final - mim) aferidos novamente. A perda de massa foi calculada pela diferença entre M1 e M2. Os dados foram registrados e analisados por meio de ANOVA a um critério e teste de Tukey para diferenciação das médias com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que a resina Definite foi o material que apresentou menor resistência à abrasão quando polimerizada com luz LED, apresentando maiores valores de rugosidade superficial e perda de massa (p<0.05). Quando utilizada a lâmpada halógena, os valores não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si (p>0.05). O LED não mostrou a mesma eficiência que a lâmpada halógena para polimerização desta resina especificamente. Pode-se concluir que a unidade de luz fotopolimerizadora e a composição das resinas compostas interferiram na resistência à abrasão dos materiais restauradores testados.

This study compared the abrasion resistance of direct composite resins cured by light-emitting diodes (LED) and halogen light-curing units. Twenty specimens (12 mm in diameter; 1.0 mm thick) of each composite resin [TPH (Dentsply); Definite (Degussa); Charisma (Heraus Kulzer)] were prepared using a polytetrafluoroethylene matrix. Ten specimens per material were cured with the LED source and 10 with the halogen lamp for 40 s. The resin discs were polished, submitted to initial surface roughness reading (Ra initial - mum) in a roughness tester and stored in water at 37°C for 15 days. The specimens were weighed (M1) and submitted to simulated toothbrushing using slurry of water and dentifrice with high abrasiveness. After 100 minutes in the toothbrushing simulator, the specimens were cleaned, submitted to a new surface roughness reading (Ra final - mum) and reweighed (M2). Mass loss was determined as the difference between M1 and M2. Data were recorded and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey Test at 5% significance level. The composite resin with greater size of inorganic fillers (TPH) showed the lowest mass loss and surface roughness means, indicating a higher resistance to toothbrush abrasion (p<0.05). Definite cured with LED presented the least resistance to toothbrush abrasion, showing the highest means of surface roughness and mass loss (p<0.05). The LED source did not show the same effectiveness as the halogen lamp for polymerizing this specific composite resin. When the composite resins were cured a halogen LCU, no statistically significant difference was observed among the materials (p>0.05). It may be concluded that the type of light-curing unit and the resin composition seemed to interfere with the materials' resistance to abrasion.

A resistência da união metal/porcelana tem um importante papel na subistituição das ligas de ouro por ligas à base de níquel-cromo na Odontologia. Este estudo avaliou a resistência da união metal/porcelana de três sistemas cerâmicos (Vita VMK 88, Williams e Duceram) em combinação com três ligas metálicas à base de níquel-cromo (Durabond, Lite Cast B e Resistal P) e uma liga experimental à base de cobalto-cromo-titânio. Trinta corpos-de-prova cilíndricos (15 mm de altura; 6 mm de diâmetro) foram obtidos para cada liga, sendo 10 corpos-de-prova de cada liga testados com cada uma das porcelanas. A resistência de união foi calculada utilizando uma máquina EMIC aplicando uma força de cisalhamento paralela ao corpo-de-prova até a fratura. Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e U de Mann-Whitney foram usados para a análise estatistica das interações metal/porcelana (p<0,05). A combinação Duceram/Resistal P apresentou resistência de união significantemente maior (44,38±9,12 MPa) (p<0,05) que as outras combinações, exceto a associaçãoVita VMK 88/liga experimental Co-Cr-Ti (38,41±12,64 MPa). A combinção da liga de Co-Cr-Ti com o sistema cerâmico Williams teve resistência ao cisalhamento significantemente maior que a combinação das outras ligas com a mesma porcelana (28,20±3,86 MPa) (p<0,05). Com base nestes resultados e dentro das limitações de um estudo in vitro, pode-se concluir que a resistência da união metal/porcelana dos três sistemas cerâmicos testados às ligas de Ni-Cr e Co-Cr-Ti variaram significativamente, mostrando que a compatibilidade metal/porcelana foi muito importante para esta união.

Ceramometal bond strength has played an important role for the replacement of gold alloys by nickel-chromium alloys in dentistry. This study evaluated the metal/porcelain bond strength of three ceramic systems (Vita VMK 88, Williams and Duceram) associated with three nickel-chromium alloys (Durabond, Lite Cast B and Resistal P) and one experimental cobalt-chromium-titanium alloy. Thirty cast cylinder specimens (15 mm in height; 6 mm in diameter) were obtained for each alloy, in away that 10 specimens of each alloy were tested with each porcelain. Bond strength was measured with an Emic screw-driven mechanical testing machine by applying parallel shear forces to the specimens until fracture. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis of the alloy/ceramic combinations (p<0.05). Resistal P/Duceram had significantly higher bond strength (44.38±9.12 MPa) (p<0.05) than the other combinations, except for Co-Cr-Ti alloy/Vita VMK 88 (38.41±12.64 MPa). The association of the experimental Co-Cr-Ti alloy with Williams porcelain had significantly higher bond strength (28.20±3.86 MPa) than the combination of other alloys with the same porcelain (p<0.05). Based of these results and within the limitations of an in vitro study, it may be concluded that the bond strength of the three ceramic systems to the Ni-Cr and Co-Cr-Ti alloys varied significantly, indicating that metal/ceramic compatibility was very important to the bond strength.

Durante a confecção de restaurações de cerâmica aderidas, a adaptação cervical, o ajuste oclusal e o polimento/acabamento final são procedimentos a serem executados no consultório odontológico após a cimentação adesiva. Os ajustes finais podem resultar na perda do "glaze" da cerâmica, o que requer novo polimento da superfície da restauração, necessitando de atenção especial em relação aos materiais e instrumentos adequados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes veículos associados a pastas diamantadas indicadas para polimento de cerâmicas odontológicas. Duas pastas de polimento diamantadas (Crystar Paste and Diamond Excell) associadas a quatro veículos (taça de borracha, escova de Robinson, roda de feltro e disco de feltro) foram avaliadas. A cerâmica Ceramco II foi selecionada para a confecção dos espécimes. A rugosidade superficial (Ra) dos espécimes de cerâmica foi determinada por um rugosímetro. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância a dois critérios e ao teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,01) entre as pastas de polimento avaliadas. Contudo, houve diferença significante (p<0,01) entre os veículos. A interação veículo-pasta revelou diferença significante (p<0,05). Conlcuir que: 1) A escova de Robinson, a roda de feltro e o disco de feltro foram veículos efetivos para serem usados em associação com as pastas de diamante; 2) O uso da taça de borracha como veículo foi menos eficiente para o polimento mecânico das superfícies cerâmicas; 3) Ambas as pastas de polimento apresentaram comportamento similar e eficiente e podem ser indicadas para o polimento final de restaurações cerâmicas com um veículo apropriado

During fabrication of bonded ceramic restorations, cervical adaptation, occlusal adjustment and final finishing/polishing are procedures to be performed at the dental office after adhesive cementation. Final adjustments may result in loss of ceramic glaze, which requires new polishing of the ceramic surface, with special attention for selection of adequate materials and instruments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different vehicles associated with diamond pastes indicated for dental ceramic polishing. Two polishing pastes (Crystar Paste and Diamond Excell) associated with four vehicles (rubber cup, Robinson bristle brush, felt wheel and buff disc) were evaluated. Disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from Ceramco II dental ceramic. Surface roughness means (Ra) of the ceramic specimens were determined with a rugosimeter. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.01) between the polishing pastes. However, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.01) among the tested vehicles. Vehicle-paste interaction showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) as well. It may be concluded that: 1) Robinson bristle brush, felt wheel and buff disc were efficient vehicles to be used in association with a diamond polishing paste; 2) The use of rubber cup as a vehicle showed poor efficiency for mechanical polishing of the ceramic surfaces; 3) Both pastes provided similar and efficient polishing and may be recommended for use with an appropriated vehicle.

Devido ao contínuo avanço tecnológico e crescente disponibilidade de novas ligas não-nobres e sistemas cerâmicos no mercado, e também à prática clínica diária, a constante avaliação da resistência de união das combinações metal/porcelana tornou-se necessária. Este estudo avaliou a resistência da união metal/porcelana de três sistemas cerâmicos (Duceram, Williams e Noritake) em combinação com três ligas à base de níquel-cromo (Ni-Cr) (Durabond, Verabond e Viron). Trinta cilindros fundidos (15 mm de altura; 6 mm de diâmetro) foram obtidos para cada liga e 10 espécimes de cada liga foram testados com cada porcelana. A resistência de união foi calculada utilizando uma máquina EMIC aplicando uma força de cisalhamento paralela ao corpo-de-prova até a fratura. A resistência ao cisalhamento foi calculada usando a força aplicada dividida pela área de superfícia da camada de opaco. O teste U de Mann-Whitney foi empregado para a análise estatistica das interações metal/porcelana (p<0,05). Viron/Noritake apresentou a maior média de resistência adesiva (32,93 MPa), enquanto Verabond/Duceram apresentou a menor média (16,31 MPa). Viron/Noritake diferiu estatisticamente das demais combinações (p<0,05). Viron/Duceram apresentou média estatisticamente maior que Verabond/Duceram, Verabond/Williams e Durabond/Noritake (p<0,05). Houve diferença significante (p<0.05) também entre Verabond/Noritake, Verabond/Duceram e Durabond/Noritake. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as demais combinações (p>0,05). Em conclusão, o sistema cerâmico Noritake utilizado em associação com a liga Viron apresentou a maior resistência às forças de cisalhamento, enquanto o sistema Duceram em combinação com a liga Verabond apresentou a menor média de resistência ao cisalhamento. Viron/Duceram e Verabond/Noritake promoveram resultados intermediários. As combinações entre o sistema cerâmico Williams e as ligas de Ni-Cr apresentaram médias de resistência ao cisalhamento semelhantes entre si.

The continuous technological advance and increasing availability of new base metal alloys and ceramic systems in the market, coupled to the demands of daily clinical practice, have made the constant evaluation of the bond strength of metal/porcelain combinations necessary. This study evaluated the metal/porcelain shear bond strength of three ceramic systems (Duceram, Williams and Noritake) in combination with three nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys (Durabond, Verabond and Viron). Thirty cast cylinder specimens (15 mm high; 6 mm in diameter) were obtained for each alloy, in a way that 10 specimens of each alloy were tested with each porcelain. Bond strength was measured with an Emic screw-driven mechanical testing machine by applying parallel shear forces to the specimens until fracture. Shear strength was calculated using the ratio of the force applied to a demarcated area of the opaque layer. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of the alloy/ceramic combinations (p<0.05). Viron/Noritake had the highest shear bond sregnth means (32.93 MPa), while Verabond/Duceram (16.31 MPa) presented the lowest means. Viron/Noritake differed statistically from other combinations (p<0.05). Viron/Duceram had statistically significant higher bond strengths than Verabond/Duceram, Verabond/Williams and Durabond/Noritake (p<0.05). It was also found significant difference (p<0.05) between Verabond/Noritake, Verabond/Duceram and Durabond/Noritake. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) were observed among the other combinations. In conclusion, the Noritake ceramic system used together with Viron alloy presented the highest resistance to shear forces, while Duceram bonded to Verabond presented the lowest bond strength. Viron/Duceram and Verabond/Noritake provided intermediate results. The combinations between the Williams ceramic system and Ni-Cr alloys had similar shear strengths among each other.