Abstract Objective Evaluate autonomic function and low-grade inflammation and characterize the correlation between these variables in schoolchildren with obesity living in the Brazilian northeast region. Methods 84 children with obesity and 41 with normal weight were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure (BP), inflammatory biomarkers, and heart rate variability (HRV) indexes were analyzed in children aged 7 to 11 years. Results children with obesity had increased systolic (p= 0.0017) and diastolic (p= 0.0131) BP and heart rate (p= 0.0022). The children with obesity displayed significantly lower SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, HF (ms), HF (nu), SD1, SD2, and higher LF (ms), LF (nu), LF/HF, SD1/SD2, DFA-α1, and DFA-α2, compared to normal weight. A lower and higher capacity for producing IL-10 (p= 0.039) and IL-2 (p= 0.009), respectively, were found in children with obesity compared to children with normal weight. Although IL-2, IL-4 and IL17A did not correlate with HRV parameters, IL-6 was positively correlated with SDNN, LF (ms) and SD2, TNF-α was positively correlated with LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratio, and IFN-γ was positively correlated with SDNN, RMMSSD, NN50, LF (ms), HF (ms), SD1, and SD2. Conclusions The findings suggest that children with obesity have impaired autonomic function and systemic low-grade inflammation compared to children within the normal weight range, the inflammatory biomarkers were correlated with HRV parameters in schoolchildren living in the northeastern region of Brazil. lowgrade low grade 8 4 crosssectional cross sectional study Anthropometry composition BP, , (BP) (HRV 1 years p= p (p 0.0017 00017 0 0017 0.0131 00131 0131 0.0022. 00022 0.0022 . 0022 0.0022) SDNN RMSSD NN50 NN ms, ms nu, nu (nu) SD1 SD SD2 LFHF SD1SD2 SDSD DFAα1, DFAα1 DFAα DFA α1, α1 α DFA-α1 DFAα2, DFAα2 α2, α2 DFA-α2 IL10 IL 10 IL-1 0.039 0039 039 IL2 2 IL- 0.009, 0009 0.009 009 0.009) respectively IL2, 2, IL4 ILA IL6 6 (ms TNFα TNF SD1/SD ratio IFNγ IFN γ RMMSSD range Brazil (BP 0.001 0001 001 0.013 0013 013 0002 0.002 002 NN5 (nu SD1SD DFA-α IL1 0.03 003 03 000 0.00 00 0.01 01 0.0 0.

Abstract The objective of this work was to verify if the nutrients sulfur and nitrogen, once applied to wheat through the process of agronomic biofortification, contribute to the formation of proteins and sulfur amino acids, increasing, consequently, the strength of semolina wheat flour and its ability to form gluten. The chemical, colorimetric, rheological, and enzymatic analyses of biofortified and non-biofortified semolina wheat flour were carried out and submitted to analysis of variance. Regarding the color, there was no difference among the samples, which present a light color. The average protein value was appropriate in both flours, with an average content of 11.32g 100g-1. The wet gluten, the dry gluten, and the content of sulfur amino acids also did not present significant differences among the samples. According to the alveography analysis, the samples presented differences in the analyzed parameters. Among the quality characteristics measured through the farinography, the falling number and the valorimeter value were lower in the biofortified sample, indicating that it weakens quicker throughout the mixture process. The enzymatic activity of the flours were different between them. The semolina wheat flours studied are classified as improver what. With the obtained results, it will be necessary the realization of new experiments with appropriate dosages in order to verify if the biofortification really alters the amount of proteins, as well as sulfur amino acids and other parameters. nitrogen increasing consequently gluten chemical colorimetric rheological nonbiofortified non variance color 1132g g 11 32g 100g1. 100g1 100g 1. 1 100g-1 parameters farinography sample them what results 100g-

Resumo Antecedentes A COVID-19 emergiu como uma emergência de saúde pública em todo o mundo, proporcionando lesão principalmente do trato respiratório. No entanto, várias evidências apontam para acometimento de sítios extrapulmonares, incluindo relatos de hemorragias intracranianas. Objetivo Descrever seis casos originais e revisar a literatura sobre hemorragias intracranianas em pacientes com diagnostico de COVID-19 por métodos moleculares. Métodos A revisão sistemática da literatura foi feita nas bases de dados eletrônicas da MEDLINE, PubMed e NCBI para identificar os estudos elegíveis. Do total de 1.624 artigos recuperados, apenas 53 artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Resultados A incidência geral de hemorragia intracraniana nos pacientes internados por COVID-19 foi de 0,26%. A média de idade foi de 60 anos, e a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (68%) com sintomas respiratórios iniciais (73%) e alguma comorbidade. Antes do diagnóstico de hemorragia, 43% estavam em uso de anticoagulantes, 47,3% destes em doses terapêuticas. O compartimento mais acometido foi o intraparenquimatoso (50%), seguido do subaracnoideo (34%), intraventricular (11%) e subdural (7%). Houve predomínio de topografias lobares sobre as não-lobares. Hemorragias multifocais ou multicompartimentais foram descritas em 25% dos casos. A mortalidade geral nos estudos de coorte foi de 44%, enquanto houve alta hospitalar em cerca de 55% dos pacientes. Conclusão Apesar da associação incomum, a combinação dessas doenças está relacionada com altas taxas de mortalidade e morbidade, bem como apresentações clínico-radiológicas mais graves. Mais estudos são necessários para oferecer evidências robustas sobre a fisiopatologia exata por trás da ocorrência de hemorragias intracranianas após infecção por COVID-19. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 mundo respiratório entanto extrapulmonares moleculares MEDLINE elegíveis 1624 1 624 1.62 recuperados 5 inclusão 026 0 26 0,26% 6 anos 68% 68 (68% 73% 73 (73% comorbidade 43 anticoagulantes 473 47 3 47,3 terapêuticas 50%, 50 50% , (50%) 34%, 34 34% (34%) 11% 11 (11% 7%. 7 7% . (7%) nãolobares. nãolobares não lobares. não-lobares 25 44 44% 55 incomum morbidade clínicoradiológicas clínico radiológicas graves COVID19. 19. COVID1 COVID- 162 62 1.6 02 2 0,26 (68 (73 4 47, (50% (34% (11 (7% 16 1. 0,2 (6 (7 (50 (34 (1 0, ( (5 (3

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a public health emergency worldwide, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. However, evidence supports the involvement of extrapulmonary sites, including reports of intracranial hemorrhages. Objective To describe six original cases and review the literature on intracranial hemorrhages in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by molecular methods. Methods A systematic literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and NCBI electronic databases to identify eligible studies. Of the total 1,624 articles retrieved, only 53 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results The overall incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was 0.26%. In this patient group, the mean age was 60 years, and the majority were male (68%) with initial respiratory symptoms (73%) and some comorbidity. Before the diagnosis of hemorrhage, 43% of patients were using anticoagulants, 47.3% at therapeutic doses. The intraparenchymal (50%) was the most affected compartment, followed by the subarachnoid (34%), intraventricular (11%), and subdural (7%). There was a predominance of lobar over non-lobar topographies. Multifocal or multicompartmental hemorrhages were described in 25% of cases. Overall mortality in the cohort studies was 44%, while around 55% of patients were discharged from hospital. Conclusion Despite the unusual association, the combination of these two diseases is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, as well as more severe clinicoradiological presentations. Further studies are needed to provide robust evidence on the exact pathophysiology behind the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhages after COVID-19 infection. 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 worldwide tract However sites COVID-1 methods MEDLINE PubMed 1624 1 624 1,62 retrieved 5 criteria 026 0 26 0.26% group 6 years 68% 68 (68% 73% 73 (73% comorbidity 43 anticoagulants 473 47 3 47.3 doses 50% 50 (50% compartment 34%, 34 34% , (34%) 11%, 11 11% (11%) 7%. 7 7% . (7%) nonlobar non topographies 25 44 44% 55 hospital association morbidity presentations infection 20 COVID1 (COVID-1 COVID- 162 62 1,6 02 2 0.26 (68 (73 4 47. (50 (34% (11% (7% (COVID- 16 1, 0.2 (6 (7 (5 (34 (11 (COVID 0. ( (3 (1

Resumo Este artigo aborda a necessidade de utilizar a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) como instrumento para avaliar os impactos ambientais decorrentes da implantação da Rota Bioceânica em Mato Grosso do Sul, também conhecida como Corredor Bioceânico ou Rota de Integração Latino-Americana (RILA). O objetivo principal é examinar a falta de ação coordenada na previsão dos impactos ambientais dessa rota e identificar os melhores instrumentos jurídicos dentro do sistema brasileiro para realizar essa avaliação. A metodologia utilizada inclui revisão bibliográfica, análise de dados documentais de órgãos públicos e investigação da legislação relacionada ao tema. O modelo de desenvolvimento brasileiro, que prioriza interesses econômicos, requer a proteção de outras questões, especialmente as ambientais. A tomada de decisões sobre políticas públicas deve ser permeada pelo princípio do desenvolvimento sustentável, envolvendo a participação e conscientização da coletividade. O artigo analisa diferentes instrumentos de Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais (AIA), como o Estudo Prévio de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) e seu Relatório de Impacto Ambiental, além das Avaliações Ambientais Estratégica e Integrada. Como estratégia para enfrentar as possíveis consequências negativas da Rota Bioceânica, propõe-se a implementação da AAE como política, promovendo maior transparência governamental e conexão entre economia, qualidade de vida e meio ambiente. Os autores argumentam que, no caso da Rota Bioceânica, a AAE é o instrumento mais adequado para avaliar os impactos ambientais e sociais decorrentes desse empreendimento. Em suma, a implementação da Rota Bioceânica em Mato Grosso do Sul requer uma análise abrangente dos impactos ambientais e a adoção de medidas adequadas para mitigar possíveis consequências negativas. A utilização da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) se apresenta como uma solução promissora para avaliar e gerenciar os efeitos dessa rota, assegurando um desenvolvimento sustentável e equilibrado para a região. (AAE LatinoAmericana Latino Americana RILA. RILA . (RILA) avaliação bibliográfica tema econômicos questões coletividade AIA, AIA , (AIA) EIA (EIA Integrada propõese propõe política economia ambiente empreendimento suma região (RILA (AIA

Abstract This article addresses the need to use Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as a tool to assess the environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of the Bioceanic Route in Mato Grosso do Sul, also known as the Bioceanic Corridor or the Latin American Integration Route (RILA). The main objective is to examine the lack of coordinated action in predicting the environmental impacts of this route and identify the best legal instruments within the Brazilian system to conduct this assessment. The methodology used includes literature review, analysis of documentary data from public agencies, and investigation of relevant legislation on the subject. The Brazilian development model, which prioritizes economic interests, requires the protection of other issues, especially environmental ones. Decision-making on public policies should be guided by the principle of sustainable development, involving participation and awareness of the community. The article examines different instruments of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), such as the Preliminary Environmental Impact Study (EIS) and its Environmental Impact Report, as well as Strategic and Integrated Environmental Assessments. Asa strategy to address the potential negative consequences of the Bioceanic Route, the implementation of SEA is proposed as a policy, promoting greater government transparency and connection between the economy, quality of life, and the environment. The authors argue that, in the case of the Bioceanic Route, SEA is the most suitable instrument to assess the environmental and social impacts resulting from this undertaking. In summary, the implementation of the Bioceanic Route in Mato Grosso do Sul requires a comprehensive analysis of environmental impacts and the adoption of appropriate measures to mitigate potential negative consequences. The use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) emerges as a promising solution to evaluate and manage the effects of this route, ensuring sustainable and balanced development for the region. (SEA RILA. RILA . (RILA) assessment review agencies subject model interests issues ones Decisionmaking Decision making community EIA, EIA , (EIA) EIS (EIS Report Assessments policy economy life environment that undertaking summary region (RILA (EIA

Resumen Este artículo aborda la necesidad de utilizar la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE) como herramienta para evaluar los impactos ambientales derivados de la implementación de la Ruta Bioceánica en Mato Grosso do Sul, también conocida como Corredor Bioceánico o Ruta de Integración Latinoamericana (RILA). El objetivo principal es examinar la falta de acción coordinada en la predicción de los impactos ambientales de esta ruta e identificar los mejores instrumentos legales dentro del sistema brasileño para llevar a cabo esta evaluación. La metodología utilizada incluye revisión bibliográfica, análisis de datos documentales de organismos públicos e investigación de la legislación relevante sobre el tema. El modelo de desarrollo brasileño, que prioriza los intereses económicos, requiere la protección de otras cuestiones, especialmente las ambientales. La toma de decisiones en políticas públicas debe estar guiada por el principio del desarrollo sostenible, involucrando la participación y conciencia de la comunidad. El artículo examina diferentes instrumentos de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), como el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Preliminar (EIS) y su Informe de Impacto Ambiental, así como Evaluaciones Ambientales Estratégicas e Integradas. Como estrategia para abordar las posibles consecuencias negativas de la Ruta Bioceánica, se propone la implementación de la EAE como política, promoviendo una mayor transparencia gubernamental y conexión entre la economía, la calidad de vida y el medio ambiente. Los autores argumentan que, en el caso de la Ruta Bioceánica, la EAE es el instrumento más adecuado para evaluar los impactos ambientales y sociales resultantes de esta iniciativa. En resumen, la implementación de la Ruta Bioceánica en Mato Grosso do Sul requiere un análisis integral de los impactos ambientales y la adopción de medidas adecuadas para mitigar posibles consecuencias negativas. El uso de la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE) se presenta como una solución prometedora para evaluar y gestionar los efectos de esta ruta, asegurando un desarrollo sostenible y equilibrado para la región. (EAE RILA. RILA . (RILA) evaluación bibliográfica tema económicos cuestiones comunidad EIA, EIA , (EIA) EIS (EIS Integradas política economía ambiente iniciativa resumen región (RILA (EIA

Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate bread with the use of pulp and flours of pequi, in partial replacement of water and wheat flour, to develop a bakery product with good technological, nutritional and sensorial qualities. The pequi husk and pulp flours were obtained by means of a thermal pre-treatment, oven drying and standardization of the dry material. Whereas, the bread formulation was defined through the baker’s formulation. Besides, the dehydration process caused significant changes (p<0.05) in the L* value and chromaticity (C*), mainly of the flours (husk and pequi pulp), such changes are due to non-enzymatic oxidative processes and pigment degradation, especially carotenoids. The effect of the substitution of ingredients (wheat flour and water) by husk and pulp flours and pequi pulp contributed to the increase in lipid, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and energy value content. However, the substitution promoted changes in the attributes of color and textural properties, such as increased hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness. Nevertheless, all formulations showed good sensory acceptance and thus, pequi sweet breads can be implemented in school meals for contributing and meeting the nutritional recommendations established by the School Feeding Brazilian Program (PNAE). technological qualities pretreatment, pretreatment pre treatment, treatment pre-treatment material Whereas bakers baker s Besides p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 L C*, C C* , (C*) pulp, pulp) nonenzymatic non enzymatic degradation carotenoids lipid fiber nitrogenfree nitrogen free content However properties hardness cohesiveness Nevertheless thus PNAE. PNAE . (PNAE) p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (C* (PNAE p<0. p0 (p<0. (C p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Resumen Introducción. Los individuos infectados por el virus linfotrópico T humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1) pueden presentar formas graves y diseminadas de infestación por Strongyloides stercoralis con poca mejoría terapéutica. Objetivo. Investigar la infestación por S. stercoralis y la seroprevalencia de IgG anti-S. stercoralis en individuos infectados por HTLV-1 atendidos en el Centro de Referencia para HTLV-1 (CHTLV), en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal con 178 individuos infectados por HTLV-1 atendidos en el centro especializado de HTLV entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. El diagnóstico parasitológico de S. stercoralis se hizo mediante los métodos de Hoffman, Pons y Janer, cultivo en placa de agar y Baermann-Morais. Para la detección de IgG anti-S. stercoralis, se utilizó una prueba casera de inmunoabsorción ligada a enzimas (ELISA). La infección por HTLV-1 se diagnosticó usando un ELISA comercial y se confirmó mediante Western blot. Resultados. La frecuencia de infestación por S. stercoralis fue del 3,4 % (6/178). Además, los individuos infestados por S. stercoralis provenientes de la zona rural (50,0 %; 3/6) también mostraron hiperinfestación por S. stercoralis (>3.000 larvas/gramo de heces). La frecuencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-S. stercoralis fue del 20,8 % (37/178). Conclusiones. Las personas infectadas por HTLV-1 que viven en condiciones sanitarias precarias son más propensas a desarrollar formas graves de infestación por S. stercoralis. Teniendo en cuenta la gran vulnerabilidad y el resultado desfavorable de la infección en estos individuos, se debe considerar el diagnóstico serológico de S. stercoralis para administrar el tratamiento.

Abstract Introduction: Individuals infected with the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) may present severe and disseminated forms of Strongyloides stercoralis infection with low therapeutic response. Objective: To investigate the S. stercoralis infection and the seroprevalence of IgG anti-S. stercoralis antibodies in individuals infected with HTLV-1 attending the Reference Center for HTLV-1 (CHTLV) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 178 HTLV-1-infected individuals treated at the HTLV specialized center between January, 2014, and December, 2018. The parasitological diagnosis of S. stercoralis was performed using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer, agar plate culture, and Baermann-Morais methods. The IgG anti-S. stercoralis detection was performed using an in house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The HTLV-1 infection was diagnosed using a commercial ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. Results: The frequency of S. stercoralis infection was 3.4% (6/178). Individuals infected with S. stercoralis from rural areas (50.0%; 3/6) also showed S. stercoralis hyperinfection (>3,000 larvae/ gram of feces). The frequency of circulating anti-S. stercoralis IgG antibodies was 20.8% (37/178). Conclusions: HTLV-1-infected people living in precarious sanitary conditions are more prone to develop severe forms of S. stercoralis infection. Considering the high susceptibility and unfavorable outcome of the infection in these individuals, the serological diagnosis for S. stercoralis should be considered when providing treatment.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de um antibiótico promotor de crescimento por óleos essenciais de erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare) e citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) na dieta de codornas sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Para isso, foram utilizadas 240 codornas europeias machos e fêmeas de um dia de idade distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e 12 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em: CP- Dieta sem os óleos essenciais de erva-doce ou citronela e com o promotor de crescimento (bacitracina de zinco); CN- Dieta sem os óleos essenciais e sem o promotor de crescimento; OC- Dieta com + 0,078% de óleo essencial de citronela sem o promotor de crescimento; OED- Dieta com + 0,078% de óleo essencial de erva-doce sem o promotor de crescimento. O experimento teve duração de 42 dias, no qual as variáveis de desempenho foram analisadas em três períodos (1-14 dias; 14-21 dias e 22-42 dias) e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes em dois períodos (aos 21 e 42 dias). Os dados observados foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação das médias foi realizada pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A presença dos óleos essenciais influenciou positivamente (P<0,05) as variáveis de desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes em todos os períodos analisados. A utilização de óleos essenciais de erva-doce e citronela em substituição a bacitracina de zinco na dieta de codornas europeias melhora o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of a growth-promoting antibiotic by fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oils in the quail diet on performance variables (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion), as well as the carcass and cut yield. To do so, 240 one-day-old male and female European quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, five replications and 12 animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of: PC – positive control diet without fennel or citronella essential oils and with the growth promoter (zinc bacitracin); NC – negative control diet without essential oils and without growth promoter; CEO - Diet with +0.078% citronella essential oil without the growth promoter; and FEO - Diet with +0.078% fennel essential oil without the growth promoter. The experiment lasted 42 days, in which the performance variables were analyzed in three periods (1-14 days; 14-21 days; and 22-42 days) and the carcass and cut yield in two periods (at 21 and 42 days). The observed data were submitted to analysis of variance and the comparison of means was performed using the Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The presence of essential oils positively influenced (P<0.05) the performance variables and the carcass and cuts yield in all analyzed periods. The use of fennel and citronella essential oils to replace zinc bacitracin in the diet of European quails improves performance and the carcass and cut yield.

BACKGROUND Distinct N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) slow acetylators genotypes have been associated with a higher risk to develop anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). However, studies have not pointed the relevance of different acetylation phenotypes presented by homozygotes and compound heterozygotes slow acetylators on a clinical basis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between NAT2 genotypes and the risk of developing DIH in Brazilian patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment, focusing on the discrimination of homozygotes and compound heterozygotes slow acetylators. METHODS/FINDINGS The frequency of NAT2 genotypes was analysed by DNA sequencing in 162 patients undergoing tuberculosis therapy. The mutation analyses revealed 15 variants, plus two new NAT2 mutations, that computational simulations predicted to cause structural perturbations in the protein. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that carriers of NAT2*5/*5 slow acetylator genotype presented a higher risk of developing anti-tuberculosis DIH, on a clinical basis, when compared to the compound heterozygotes presenting NAT2*5 and any other slow acetylator haplotype [aOR 4.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-16.82, p = 0.01]. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that patients with TB diagnosis who present the NAT2*5B/*5B genotype should be properly identified and more carefully monitored until treatment outcome in order to prevent the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis DIH.

BACKGROUND Behavioral and neurochemical alterations associated with toxoplasmosis may be influenced by the persistence of tissue cysts and activation of an immune response in the brain of Toxoplasma gondii-infected hosts. The cerebral extracellular matrix is organised as perineuronal nets (PNNs) that are both released and ensheath by some neurons and glial cells. There is evidences to suggest that PNNs impairment is a pathophysiological mechanism associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. However, there is a lack of information regarding the impact of parasitic infections on the PNNs integrity and how this could affect the host’s behavior. OBJECTIVES In this context, we aimed to analyse the impact of T. gondii infection on cyst burden, PNNs integrity, and possible effects in the locomotor activity of chronically infected mice. METHODS We infected mice with T. gondii ME-49 strain. After thirty days, we assessed locomotor performance of animals using the open field test, followed by evaluation of cysts burden and PNNs integrity in four brain regions (primary and secondary motor cortices, prefrontal and somesthetic cortex) to assess the PNNs integrity using Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) labeling by immunohistochemical analyses. FINDINGS AND MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a random distribution of cysts in the brain, the disruption of PNNs surrounding neurons in four areas of the cerebral cortex and hyperlocomotor behavior in T. gondii-infected mice. These results can contribute to elucidate the link toxoplasmosis with the establishment of neuroinflammatory response in neuropsychiatric disorders and to raise a discussion about the mechanisms related to changes in brain connectivity, with possible behavioral repercussions during chronic T. gondii infection.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o amido de Xanthosoma riedelianum, comumente conhecido como mangarito no Brasil, e avaliar suas propriedades para a indústria alimentícia. O amido foi caracterizado quanto à sua morfologia e às suas propriedades térmicas e tecnológicas. A morfologia foi avaliada por meio de análises de distribuição de tamanho dos grânulos, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e difração de raios X. As propriedades térmicas foram examinadas por meio da determinação das temperaturas inicial, de pico e de conclusão de gelatinização, enquanto as propriedades tecnológicas foram obtidas pelas análises de viscosidade, poder de inchamento, solubilidade, claridade da pasta e sinérese. Embora a extração do amido de X. riedelianum tenha apresentando baixo rendimento, a espécie é uma fonte de amido com altas temperaturas de empastamento, resistência à agitação mecânica e tendência à retrogradação, bem como elevada viscosidade final. Portanto, o amido é indicado para produtos que requerem elevada viscosidade, como recheios de tortas, pudins, alimentos infantis e produtos de panificação, e sua pasta, que é opaca e viscosa, também pode ser usada na formulação de caldos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize the starch of Xanthosoma riedelianum, commonly known as “mangarito” in Brazil, and to evaluate its properties for the food industry. The starch was characterized as to its morphology and its thermal and technological properties. Morphology was evaluated by the analysis of granule size distribution, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The thermal properties were examined by determining the initial, peak, and conclusion gelatinization temperatures, whereas the technological properties were obtained by analyzing viscosity, swelling power, solubility index, paste clarity, and syneresis. Although the extraction of X. riedelianum starch showed a low yield, the species is a source of starch with a high sticking temperature, mechanical stirring resistance, tendency to retrograde, and final viscosity. Therefore, this starch is ideal for products that require high viscosity, such as pie fillings, puddings, children’s foods, and bakery products, and its paste, which is opaque and viscous, can also be used in the formulation of broths.

ABSTRACT Arrowroot is a plant originated in Latin America that has aroused interest in the food industry due to its high starch content, with differentiated characteristics and high commercial value. However, information on the management of arrowroot are scarce, precluding its commercial competition with other similar species, being necessary further studies with the crop. Thus, the objective of the present study was to characterize extracted starch from arrowroot grown under different agronomic management. Three agronomic factors were studied: planting systems (PS), forms of water management (WM) and planting density (PD). The experimental analyses were performed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates, being evaluated the extraction yield, percent composition, quantity of starch, pH, titratable acidity, swelling power, solubility and electron microscopy analysis. In general, the analyzed extracted starches deriving from different agronomic treatments have low crude fiber, besides typical characteristics of arrowroot extracted starch such as texture, color, shape and size of granules, without any other apparent particle than the starch itself, indicating extraction efficiency. However, the planting density may have contributed to influence some parameters of the chemical composition of the extracted starch, such as the content of starch, ash, ether extract, protein and carbohydrate fraction.

Resumo Os emulsionantes são responsáveis pela formação de uma massa que contribui para a retenção de glúten em alvéolos, o gás produzido por levedura, aumentando assim o volume e a suavidade do pão. Há indícios de que os hidrocoloides, como a mucosa de taro (Colocasia esculenta), podem apresentar características semelhantes às dos emulsionantes. A presença de arabinose e galactose na mucosa de taro é responsável pela formação de um complexo com proteínas, chamado Proteoglycan arabinogalactan, que poderia apresentar um poder emulsionante substancial e, consequentemente, favorecer a retenção de gás nos alvéolos. Assim, a quantidade, a distribuição e o tamanho dos alvéolos devem ser analisados para um controle de qualidade efetivo no processo de fabricação de pão e, portanto, tal análise é recomendada. Métodos estatísticos convencionais já são usados regularmente nas análises dessas variáveis, embora as estatísticas espaciais não tenham sido utilizadas para esse fim. Neste artigo, defendemos a aplicação de métodos de processos pontuais univariados que não tenham sido aplicados na análise de distribuição espacial de alvéolos localizados em pão francês com mucilagem de taro. Os resultados mostraram que esses métodos possibilitaram caracterizar a distribuição espacial dos alvéolos no pão francês, demonstrando que o uso da mucilagem de taro fornece uma boa distribuição alveolar ao pão tipo francês.

Abstract Emulsifiers are responsible for forming a dough that contributes to the retention of gluten in alveoli, the gas produced by the yeast, thus increasing the volume and softness of the bread. There are indications that hydrocolloids, such as taro mucilage (Colocasia esculenta), can present similar characteristics to emulsifiers. The presence of arabinose and galactose in the taro mucilage is responsible for the formation of a complex with proteins, called Proteoglycan arabinogalactan, that could present substantial emulsifying power, consequently favouring gas retention in the alveoli. Thus, the quantity, distribution and size of the alveoli must be analysed for the effective quality control of the breadmaking process, and this is therefore recommended. Conventional statistical methods are already used regularly in analyses of these variables, although spatial statistics have not been used for this purpose. In this paper, the authors defend the application of univariate point processes that have not been applied to the analysis of the spatial distribution of the alveoli in French bread made with taro mucilage. The results showed that these methods made it possible to characterize the spatial distribution of alveoli in French bread, demonstrating that the use of taro mucilage provided a good alveolar distribution in French type bread.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e colonização de Candida na cavidade oral de indivíduos pediátricos com leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA) e sua susceptibilidade/resistência à nistatina e à anfotericina B. Métodos: estudo transversal observacional com abordagem descritiva e analítica. A saliva foi coletada de 40 indivíduos diagnosticados com LLA e de 40 indivíduos saudáveis, como grupo comparativo, combinados por idade e sexo com o grupo LLA. A idade média para ambos os grupos foi de 8 anos de idade. O isolamento e a identificação das espécies de Candida foram realizados utilizando o CHROMagarCandidaTM e confirmados pela reação em cadeia da polimerase. As amostras foram submetidas a susceptibilidade antifúngica por meio de ensaio de microdiluição para nistatina e anfotericina B. As alterações salivares e a mucosite oral induzida por quimioterapia foram avaliadas utilizando o Guia de avaliação modificada. Resultados: A positividade para Candida foi superior aos indivíduos in situ (32,5%, 13/40) do que em um grupo comparativo (2,5%, 1/40) (p <0,001). Candida albicans foi a cepa mais prevalente (86,6%). A mucosite foi diretamente associada à colonização positive por Candida (p = 0,017) no grupo LLA, mas não relacionada com alterações salivares (p = 0,479). Seis estirpes de C. albicans (54,5%), no grupo LLA, eram resistentes à nistatina e todas as cepas não eram suscetíveis à anfotericina B. Conclusão: A colonização por Candida foi associada à condição LLA e à mucosite oral nesses indivíduos. C. albicans era a cepa predominante e a maioria das amostras eram resistentes aos agentes antifúngicos testados, nistatina e anfotericina B.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Candida colonizationon oral cavity of pediatric individuals with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its susceptibility/resistance to nystatin and amphotericin B. Methods: This was a cross sectional study with observational, descriptive and analytic approach. Saliva was collected from40 individuals diagnosed with ALL and from40 healthy subjects, as a comparative group, matched by age and gender with ALL group. The mean age for both groups were 8 years-old. The isolation and identification of the Candidaspecies were performed using the CHROMagarCandidaTM and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The samples were subjected to antifungal susceptibility by microdilution assay for nystatin and amphotericin B. Salivary alterations and chemotherapy-induced oralmucositis were evaluated using modifiedOral Assessment Guide. Results: The positivity to Candida was higher inALL individuals (32.5%,13/40)than in a comparative group(2.5%, 1/40) (p<0.001). Candida albicans was the most prevalent strain (86.6%). The mucositis was directly associated with positive Candidacolonization (p=0.017) in the ALL group but not related with salivary alterations (p= 0.479). Six strains of C. albicans (54.5%), on ALL group, were resistant to nystatin and all strains were not susceptible to amphotericin B. Conclusion: Candida colonization was associated with ALL condition and with oral mucositis in these individuals. C. albicans was the prevalent strain and most samples were resistant to antifungal agents tested, nystatin and amphotericin B.

RESUMO O selênio (Se) é essencial para o metabolismo humano, porém, grande parte da população mundial apresenta deficiência nesse elemento. Isto pode ser revertido pelo consumo de alimentos biofortificados, uma vez que as plantas podem atuar de forma eficiente no controle do consumo excessivo e / ou acidental de um elemento que pode ocorrer nos seres humanos através do uso de suplementos dietéticos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito de formas de aplicação e fontes de Se no crescimento, produção, nutrição, características físico-químicas, teor e acúmulo de Se na cenoura. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, utilizando vasos com quatro dm3 contendo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (com e sem aplicação do Se; duas fontes do Se: selenato e selenito; duas formas de aplicação do Se: via solo e foliar), com cinco repetições. O selenato aplicado via foliar aumenta a produção e a acidez titulável e reduz o índice de maturação das raízes. O selenito via foliar aumenta o teor de Se na parte aérea e o teor de carotenoides nas raízes de cenoura. As duas fontes de Se (selenato e selenito) e formas de aplicação (via solo ou foliar) promovem aumento do seu teor nas raízes de cenoura, porém o selenato via foliar é a fonte e forma mais efetiva. Dessa forma, é possível aumentar os teores de Se na parte comestível da cenoura e, assim, favorecer a ingestão desse elemento pela população.

ABSTRACT The selenium (Se) is essential for human metabolism, but a large part of the world’s population has deficiency in this element. This can be reversed by the consumption of biofortified foods, given that plants can efficiently act in controlling excessive and/or accidental consumption of an element that can occur in humans through the use of dietary supplements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different application forms and sources of Se in the growth, production, nutrition, physical-chemical characteristics, content and accumulation of Se in carrots. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, using pots containing 4 dm3 of Red-yellow Latosol. A completely randomized design was used in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme (with and without Se application, two sources of Se: selenate and selenite, two forms of application of Se: soil and foliar applications), with five replicates. Foliar application of selenate increased the yield and titratable acidity, reducing root ripening index. Foliar application of selenite increased the content of Se in the shoots and the content of carotenoids in the roots. Both sources of Se (selenate and selenite) and application forms (soil or foliar application) increased their content in the roots. However, the foliar application of selenate was the most effective source and form of application. Therefore, it is possible to increase the contents of Se in the edible part of carrots, favoring the consumption of this element by the population.

Resumo Devido ao processamento industrial do mamão, uma grande quantidade de subprodutos dessa fruta é gerada. Dentre esses subprodutos, estão as cascas e sementes, que têm grande valor nutricional, pois apresentam valores consideráveis de fibras, proteínas e antioxidantes. O objetivo, neste estudo, foi desenvolver um pão de fôrma integral adicionado de farinha mista, proveniente das cascas e sementes do mamão da cultivar Havaí. Na elaboração do pão de fôrma integral, foi adicionada farinha mista (casca e semente) em diferentes concentrações (0%, 3%, 6% e 9%), na proporção de 70% de farinha da casca e 30% da farinha da semente do mamão. A adição da farinha mista resultou em produtos com elevados teores de fibras (7,96 g 100 g-1) e proteínas (12,71 g 100 g-1), e baixos teores de lipídeos (0,55 g 100 g-1). Os resultados da análise sensorial mostraram que a fabricação do pão com 3% de adição da farinha mista resultou em boa aceitação, quando comparado com o controle. Assim, a adição da farinha dos subprodutos do mamão na fabricação de pães é uma boa alternativa para compor a dieta da população, por ser nutricionalmente rico em fibras e proteínas.

Abstract Due to the industrial processing of papaya, a great amount of byproducts from this fruit is generated. The peel and seeds are amongst these byproducts and have great nutritional value, since they present considerable amounts of fibre, lipids, proteins and antioxidants. The objective of this study was to develop whole wheat bread loaves with the addition of a mixed flour made from the peel and seeds of papayas of the Hawaiian cultivar. In the whole-grain breadmaking process, the mixed flour (peel and seeds) was added in different concentrations (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%), in the proportion of 70% of papaya peel flour to 30% of papaya seed flour. The addition of the mixed flour resulted in products with high fibre (7.96 g 100 g-1) and protein (12.71 g 100 g-1) contents and low lipid contents (0.55 g 100 g-1). The results of the sensory analysis showed that the bread made with the addition of 3% of the mixed flour resulted in good acceptance when compared to the control. Thus the addition of papaya byproducts flour in the manufacture of bread is a good alternative for the diet of the population, since it is nutritionally rich in fibre and protein.