The Oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal agent of the disease known as late blight, is primarily responsible for the decreased in production performance and potato crops worldwide. The integration of the complete R genes sequences in the potato genome using Agro-transformation appears an alternative to be considered in the fight against this pathogen. The Rpi-blb2 gene (R gene) from the wild species Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal shows a broad resistance to isolates of P. infestans, making it an important candidate for plant breeding studies. This paper reports the integration of the Rpi-blb2 gene into potato var. Désirée genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens - mediated transformation system, the molecular characterization of 29 events transformed and whole plant infection with isolate POX67 of P. infestans from Peru. Désirée events [Rpi-blb2] 4 and Désirée [Rpi-blb2] 30, showed a substantial resistance to P. infestans infection confirming complete transfer of the Rpi-blb2 gene from a wild species to a cultivated species by genetic transformation.

El Oomiceto Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, agente causal de la enfermedad denominada tizón tardío, es el principal responsable del déficit en rendimiento y producción en el cultivo de papa a nivel mundial; una de las alternativas a considerar en la lucha contra este patógeno es la integración de secuencias completas de genes R en el genoma de la papa a través de Agrotransformación. El gen Rpi-blb2 (gen R) de la especie silvestre Solanum bulbocastanum Dunal, presenta una amplia resistencia a los aislamientos de P. infestans, haciéndolo un importante candidato en los estudios de mejoramiento genético en plantas. En el presente trabajo se describe la introducción del gen Rpi-blb2 por Agrobacterium tumefaciens en el genoma de la papa variedad Désirée, la caracterización molecular de 29 eventos transformados e infección de plantas completas con el aislamiento POX067 de P. infestans obtenido en el Perú. Los eventos Désirée [Rpi-blb2] 4 y Désirée [ Rpi-blb2] 30, presentaron una resistencia considerable frente a la infección de P. infestans, comprobando de esta manera la transferencia del gen Rpi-blb2 de una especie silvestre a una cultivada mediante transformación genética.

The aggregation behavior of thirteen 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids in aqueous solution is presented, considering variations of the alkyl side chain length as well as the anionic moiety. Cation and anion molecular volumes are selected as appropriate molecular descriptors. Additionally, the existing relationship between critical micelle concentration (CMC) and electrolyte concentration in solution is established, aiming to clarify ion effects. CMC values were obtained by measuring electrical conductivity and surface tension. It was confirmed that aggregation of ionic liquids in aqueous solution and in presence of inorganic salts is affected by the factors developed in this study.