In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of the flowers of Fridericia platyphylla, and to characterize the bioactive compounds. The chemical diversity of the extracts and fractions was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We were able to annotate 26 compounds from the classes of flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The dichloromethane fraction showed greater cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. In addition, the inhibitory concentrations of the dichloromethane fraction were 22.14 and 30.9 µg mL−1 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, and were capable of inhibiting tumor cell migration. Brachydins A and C were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and showed the greatest cytotoxicity. The results obtained from this study show the potential biological effect of F. platyphylla flowers as a possible antitumor pharmacological agent. extract LCHRMS. LCHRMS LC HRMS . (LC-HRMS) 2 flavones flavonols flavanones isoflavones derivatives 10 mL1 mL 1 addition 2214 22 14 22.1 309 30 9 30. mL− MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 lines respectively migration F agent (LC-HRMS 221 22. 3 MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 so far st century However classes Hence Initially IgG receptorbinding receptor SARS-CoV- retrieved Subsequently 10 solvation Lastly dynamics Additionally way virus (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV 1 (SARS-CoV

RESUMO O manejo dos níveis de condutividade elétrica é um dos fundamentos necessários para se obter maior produção e melhor qualidade de hortaliças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva na cultura da couve-rábano cultivada em sistema semi-hidropônico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos associados à condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva (1,31; 1,71; 2,37; 2,98 e 3,75 dS m-1) e quatro repetições. As plantas foram colhidas 78 dias após o transplante e avaliadas quanto ao crescimento, produção e qualidade pós-colheita. Solução nutritiva com condutividade elétrica (CE) de 1,31 dS m-1 proporciona maior produção de couve-rábano roxa. O aumento da CE reduziu linearmente a maioria das variáveis analisadas (área foliar, massa fresca de folhas, bulbos e parte aérea, massa seca de folhas e totais, volume e firmeza de bulbos), com perdas mais expressivas para as variáveis massa fresca de bulbos (50,54%) e volume de bulbos (57,37%). A utilização de solução nutritiva com CE entre 2,3 e 2,9 dS m-1 aumentou o teor de vitamina C e a acidez titulável. hortaliças couverábano couve rábano semihidropônico. semihidropônico semi hidropônico. hidropônico semi-hidropônico 131 1 31 (1,31 1,71 171 71 2,37 237 2 37 298 98 375 3 75 3,7 m1 m repetições 7 crescimento póscolheita. póscolheita pós colheita. colheita pós-colheita (CE 1,3 m- roxa área foliar aérea totais bulbos, , bulbos) 50,54% 5054 50 54 (50,54% 57,37%. 5737 57,37% . 57 (57,37%) 23 2, 29 9 titulável 13 (1,3 1,7 17 3, 1, 50,54 505 5 (50,54 573 57,37 (57,37% (1, 50,5 (50,5 57,3 (57,37 (1 50, (50, 57, (57,3 ( (50 (57, (5 (57

ABSTRACT Managing electrical conductivity levels is one of the fundamentals required to obtain greater production and better quality of vegetables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution on the kohlrabi crop cultivated in semi-hydroponic system. A randomized block design was used with five treatments associated with the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution (1.31, 1.71, 2.37, 2.98, and 3.75 dS m-1) and four replications. The plants were harvested 78 days after transplanting and evaluated for growth, production, and postharvest quality. Nutrient solution with electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.31 dS m-1 promotes greater production of purple kohlrabi. The increase in EC reduced linearly most of the analyzed variables (leaf area, fresh mass of leaves, bulb and shoot, dry mass of leaves and total, bulb volume and firmness), with more significant losses for the bulb fresh mass (50.54%) and bulb volume (57.37%) variables. The use of nutrient solution with EC between 2.3 and 2.9 dS m-1 increased the vitamin C content and the titratable acidity. vegetables semihydroponic semi hydroponic system 1.31, 131 1 31 (1.31 171 71 1.71 237 2 37 2.37 298 98 2.98 375 3 75 3.7 m1 m replications 7 growth (EC 1.3 m- leaf area shoot total firmness, firmness , firmness) 50.54% 5054 50 54 (50.54% 57.37% 5737 57 (57.37% 23 2. 29 9 acidity 13 (1.3 17 1.7 3. 1. 50.54 505 5 (50.54 57.37 573 (57.37 (1. 50.5 (50.5 57.3 (57.3 (1 50. (50. 57. (57. ( (50 (57 (5

Resumo O setor florestal brasileiro se destaca pela tecnologia, práticas de manejo florestal, responsabilidade social e ambiental e, principalmente, alta produtividade, mas pragas exóticas podem reduzir isto. O parasitoide Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), percevejos predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos como Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae são inimigos naturais usados no controle biológico do psilídeo-de-concha do eucalipto Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), praga em plantios de eucalipto. A utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos contra pragas exóticas vem aumentando no setor florestal e a prospecção e identificação de isolados fúngicos é importante para o manejo integrado de pragas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o isolamento e identificação molecular de Cordyceps spp. e avaliar a patogenicidade dos isolados de Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e Cordyceps fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63), obtidos de adultos de Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), ao psilídeo-de-concha G. brimblecombei. Os fungos foram isolados de adultos de B. tabaci encontrados em culturas de soja e tomate e identificados molecularmente. Os conídios foram suspensos em solução com Tween 80 (0,1%) na concentração de 1,0 x 108 conídios/mL e pulverizados sobre dez ninfas de G. brimblecombei por folha de Eucalyptus cortada e colocada sobre gel hidrorretentor no interior de placas de Petri por repetição. O número de insetos mortos foi quantificado, diariamente, por sete dias e transferidos para câmaras úmidas. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63) foram identificados por análise molecular e todos os isolados foram patogênicos para os insetos. Isto indica serem importantes para o manejo de G. brimblecombei e confirma relatos de que, normalmente, fungos causam maiores mortalidades em insetos da mesma ordem daquela da qual foram isolados.

Abstract The Brazilian forestry sector stands out for its technology, forestry management practices, social and environmental responsibility and, mainly, for its high productivity and exotic pests can reduce it. The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is an important pest in Eucalyptus plantations. The parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), predatory bugs and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are the natural enemies and used in the biological control of the red gum lerp psyllid. The use of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic pests is increasing in the forestry sector and the prospecting and identification of fungus isolates is important for integrated pest management. The objective of this work was the isolation and molecular identification of Cordyceps spp. And to evaluate the pathogenicity of isolates, obtained from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults, against to the red gum lerp psyllid G. brimblecombei. The fungi were isolated from B. tabaci adults found in soybean and tomato crops and molecularly identified. The conidia obtained were suspended in solution with Tween 80 (0.1%) at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 conidia/mL and sprayed on ten G. brimblecombei nymphs per Eucalyptus leaf cut and placed on a hydroretentive gel inside per Petri dishes as a replication. The number of dead insects was quantified, daily, for seven days, and transferred to humid chambers. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) and C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 and LCBPF 63) were identified with a molecular analysis and all isolates were pathogenic to the insects and indicates that they could be used to manage G. brimblecombei and adds to reports that, normally, fungi cause greater mortality on insects of the same order as that from which they were isolated.

Low-cost adsorbents promote the valorization of locally sourced waste materials and are still a significant challenge for removing toxic metal ions from industrial effluents. In this sense, Castor (Ricinus communis L.) stalks (CS) were activated with an alkaline solution and tested as an adsorbent to remove nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead ions. A 24-1 factorial design was carried out and showed a correlation and influence of the variables, such as pH, adsorbent mass, agitation rate, and initial concentration in the adsorption process. The adsorbents in their natural, activated, and saturated states were characterized. After activation, X-ray diffraction results revealed a change from cellulose I to cellulose II. The X-ray fluorescence showed that the ion exchange adsorption mechanism occurred. For the kinetic adsorption studies, the equilibrium time was reached up to 15 min. Different isotherm models described the adsorption process, with the Sips model providing the best fit to the experimental data. Five cycles of sorption/desorption using 0.1 mol L-1 HCl elution were carried out with a minimal loss in sorption capacity and physical degradation. Nickel and copper ions exhibited the lowest desorption rates. Due to their efficiency, CS can be a promising and low-cost alternative for removing metal ions. Lowcost Low cost effluents sense Ricinus L. L (CS nickel cadmium 241 24 1 24- variables pH mass rate process natural characterized activation Xray X ray II occurred studies min data sorptiondesorption 01 0 0. L1 L- degradation rates efficiency lowcost low 2

Stemodin (1) is a diterpene produced by Stemodia maritima L. (Scrophulariaceae) and shows antiviral and tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Chemical modifications of 1 were performed to produce the known stemodinone (2), two new stemodinone oximes, Z (3) and E (4), and seven new oxime esters derivatives (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11). All derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in HL60 (promyelocytic leukemia), SNB-19 (astrocytoma), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), and PC3 (prostate) human cancer cell lines, and L929 (healthy murine cells). Oximes 3 and 4 showed lower cytotoxic values than 1 against all cancer cell lines tested. However, esters 9 and 10 exhibited cell growth inhibition percentages higher than 1 against PC3, SNB-19, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, ranging from 62.96 to 94.27%. Many of these values exceed that presented by doxorubicin (66.05-86.87%). All compounds showed no cytotoxic effect on healthy cells at the tested concentration of 25 µg mL-1. (1 L Scrophulariaceae (Scrophulariaceae activities 2, 2 , (2) oximes (3 4, (4) 5, 5 (5 6 7 8 11. 11 . 11) HL HL6 promyelocytic leukemia, leukemia leukemia) SNB19 SNB 19 SNB-1 astrocytoma, astrocytoma (astrocytoma) HCT116 HCT 116 HCT-11 colon carcinoma, carcinoma carcinoma) PC prostate (prostate L92 cells. cells) However SNB19, 19, 6296 62 96 62.9 9427 94 27 94.27% 66.0586.87%. 66058687 66.05 86.87% 66 05 86 87 (66.05-86.87%) mL1. mL1 mL 1. mL-1 ( (2 (4 SNB1 SNB- (astrocytoma HCT11 HCT-1 L9 629 62. 942 94.27 0586 66.0586.87% 6605868 6605 66.0 8687 86.87 0 (66.05-86.87% mL- HCT1 HCT- 94.2 058 66.0586.87 660586 660 66. 868 86.8 (66.05-86.87 94. 66.0586.8 66058 86. (66.05-86.8 66.0586. (66.05-86. 66.0586 (66.05-86 66.058 (66.05-8 (66.05- (66.05 (66.0 (66. (66 (6

The potential of four commercial clones of unripe acerola fruit was investigated regarding a source of nutraceuticals and functional foods for industrial use. The chemical profiling of the BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 236-Cereja, BRS 237-Roxinha, and BRS 238-Frutacor clones was determined by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS-MS) technique coupled to multivariate statistical analysis, which were then correlated to ABTS•+ radical capture (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays in order to measure the antioxidant capacity. A total of 24 bioactive compounds were identified, including high amounts of quercetin-O-hexoside, astilbin, and apigenin, which were correlated to three clones (BRS 235, BRS 237, and BRS 238). On the other hand, the BRS 236 clone presented high contents of ascorbic acid, iso-ascorbic acid, citric acid, procyanidin B trimer, rutin, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. These compounds were additionally found to be strongly associated with the antioxidant capacity of unripe acerola fruits. Therefore, the present study revealed that BRS 236 is a promising clone as an antioxidant source to be used as a functional food or ingredient. use 235Apodi, 235Apodi Apodi 235 Apodi, 235-Apodi 236Cereja, 236Cereja Cereja Cereja, 236-Cereja 237Roxinha, 237Roxinha Roxinha 237 Roxinha, 237-Roxinha 238Frutacor Frutacor 238 ultrahigh ultra chromatographyquadrupole chromatography quadrupole timeofflight time flight UPLCQTOF/MSMS UPLCQTOFMSMS UPLC QTOF/MS MS QTOF (UPLC-QTOF/MS-MS analysis ABTS ABTS• 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulfonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulfonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic 2,2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic 2 acid FRAP (FRAP identified quercetinOhexoside, quercetinOhexoside quercetin O hexoside, hexoside quercetin-O-hexoside astilbin apigenin 238. . 238) hand 23 isoascorbic iso trimer rutin activity fruits Therefore ingredient UPLCQTOF MSMS QTOFMS 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulfonic azinobis 22 2,

The reduction of nitroarenes is the main methodology to produce anilines, important precursors of building blocks, dyes, and drugs. Continuing our goal of describing sustainable methodologies for the reduction of nitroarenes to their respective anilines, herein we compile selected reaction protocols, using organic medium, reported from 2017 to 2023, in order to provide a comprehensive and complementary view of the new processes and catalysts developed during this period. anilines blocks dyes drugs protocols medium 201 2023 period 20 202 2

Resumo A Região Hidrográfica do Rio Paraná possui grande relevância socioeconômica para o Brasil. Devido ao histórico de secas na região, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial e temporal das chuvas, bem como analisar as características das secas com base no Índice de Porcentagem Normal (IPN) de modo a contribuir com a gestão da água no Alto Rio Paraná (ARP). A área de estudo compreendeu 14 unidades hídricas de planejamento, distribuídas nos estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e São Paulo. Os dados climáticos foram obtidos junto a Rede Hidrometeorológica Nacional. Efetuou-se a análise geoestatística dos dados de precipitação, a partir das séries anuais de 408 estações, e posteriormente o cálculo do IPN para classificação da severidade das secas. Todos os períodos analisados (1990-2020) indicaram dependência espacial (moderada-alta), possibilitando a elaboração dos mapas de secas. Os períodos e áreas secas e chuvosas não indicaram influência direta do El Niño-Oscilação Sul (ENOS). Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo foram os maiores contribuintes nas secas. Os dados indicaram que 2010-2020 foi o decênio mais seco do período, com maior contribuição em 2019/2020, onde as secas superaram 60% da área, evento nunca identificado nas últimas 3 décadas. As curvas IPN referente a “seca inicial” e “suave” permitiram verificar anos de crise hídrica quando seus percentuais somados atingiram pelo menos 50% da bacia do ARP. A metodologia utilizada mostrou versatilidade permitindo seu uso em qualquer escala hidrográfica, apresentando-se como alternativa em regiões com escassez de dados. Brasil região chuvas (IPN ARP . (ARP) 1 planejamento Goiás Nacional Efetuouse Efetuou se precipitação 40 estações 19902020 1990 2020 (1990-2020 moderadaalta, moderadaalta moderada alta , (moderada-alta) NiñoOscilação Niño Oscilação ENOS. ENOS (ENOS) 20102020 2010 2010-202 período 20192020 2019 2019/2020 60 décadas seca inicial suave “suave 50 hidrográfica apresentandose apresentando (ARP 4 1990202 199 202 (1990-202 (moderada-alta (ENOS 2010202 201 2010-20 2019202 2019/202 6 5 199020 19 20 (1990-20 201020 2010-2 201920 2019/20 19902 2 (1990-2 20102 2010- 20192 2019/2 (1990- 2019/ (1990 (199 (19 (1 (

Abstract The Paraná River Hydrographic Region is of great socioeconomic relevance for Brazil. Therefore, due to the history of droughts in the region, the aims of the current study were to assess rainfall spatial and temporal variability, as well as to analyze drought features based on using the Normalized Percentage Index (NPI) to contribute to water management processes in Upper Paraná River (UPR). The study area encompasses 14 Planning and Management Units, distributed in Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo states. Climate data were obtained from the National Hydrometeorological Network database. A geostatistical analysis of rainfall was carried out, based on the annual series of 408 stations, and subsequently the calculation of NPI for classifying the droughts severity. All periods analyzed (1990-2020) showed spatial dependence (moderate to high), allowing the elaboration of droughts maps. The dry and rainy periods and areas did not indicate direct influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo units were the main contributors to the identified droughts. The data showed that 2010-2020 was the driest decade of the period, with a greater contribution from the 2019/2020 period, where droughts exceeded 60% of the area for two consecutive years, an event never identified in the last 3 decades. The NPI curves referring to “initial drought” and “mild” allowed verifying years of water crisis when their summed percentages reached at least 50% of the region. The methodology used is versatile, allowing its use in any watershed. Brazil Therefore region variability (NPI UPR. UPR . (UPR) 1 Units Goiás states database out 40 stations severity 19902020 1990 2020 (1990-2020 moderate high, high , high) maps NiñoSouthern Niño Southern ENSO. ENSO (ENSO) 20102020 2010 2010-202 period 20192020 2019 2019/202 60 decades initial mild “mild 50 versatile watershed (UPR 4 1990202 199 202 (1990-202 (ENSO 2010202 201 2010-20 2019202 2019/20 6 5 199020 19 20 (1990-20 201020 2010-2 201920 2019/2 19902 2 (1990-2 20102 2010- 20192 2019/ (1990- (1990 (199 (19 (1 (

Resumen La Región Hidrográfica del Río Paraná es de gran relevancia socioeconómica para Brasil. Debido a la historia de sequías en la región, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la variabilidad espacial y temporal de las precipitaciones, así como las características de la sequía con base en el Índice Porcentual Normal (IPN) con el fin de contribuir a la gestión del agua en el Alto Río Paraná (ARP). El área de estudio comprende 14 unidades hídricas distribuidas en los estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais y São Paulo. Los datos climático se obtuvieron de la Red Hidrometeorológica Nacional. Se realizó un análisis geoestadístico de las precipitaciones, a partir de la serie anual de 408 estaciones, y posteriormente el cálculo del IPN para clasificar la severidad de las sequías. Todos los períodos (1990-2020) mostraron dependencia espacial (moderada-alta), lo que permitió la elaboración de mapas de sequías. Los períodos y áreas secas y lluviosas no indicaron influencia directa de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS). Mato Grosso do Sul y São Paulo fueron las principales contribuyentes a las sequías. Los datos mostraron que 2010-2020 fue la década más seca, con mayor contribución del 2019/2020, donde las sequías superaron el 60% del área, evento nunca identificado en las últimas 3 décadas. Las curvas IPN referidas a “sequía inicial” y “leve” permitieron verificar años de crisis hídrica cuando sus porcentajes sumados alcanzaron al menos el 50% de la región. La metodología utilizada es versátil, permitiendo su uso en cualquier cuenca hidrográfica. Brasil región precipitaciones (IPN ARP. ARP . (ARP) 1 Goiás Nacional 40 estaciones 19902020 1990 2020 (1990-2020 moderadaalta, moderadaalta moderada alta , (moderada-alta) NiñoOscilación Niño Oscilación ENOS. ENOS (ENOS) 20102020 2010 2010-202 seca 20192020 2019 2019/2020 60 décadas inicial leve “leve 50 versátil hidrográfica (ARP 4 1990202 199 202 (1990-202 (moderada-alta (ENOS 2010202 201 2010-20 2019202 2019/202 6 5 199020 19 20 (1990-20 201020 2010-2 201920 2019/20 19902 2 (1990-2 20102 2010- 20192 2019/2 (1990- 2019/ (1990 (199 (19 (1 (

Abstract The potential of H. virginiana L. was evaluated against Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis) and bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans). Effect on murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) was also evaluated with respect to cytotoxicity and production of cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The most effective concentrations of the extract were determined by microdilution broth. These concentrations were analyzed on biofilms, after 5 min or 24 h exposure. Cytotoxicity was performed by MTT assay and quantification of cytokines and NO by ELISA and Griess reagent, respectively. The extract acted against the planktonic forms and provided significant reductions of all the microbial biofilms; besides, showed no cytotoxic effect, except at 100 mg/mL, after 24 h exposure. There was cytokine production; however, a modulatory effect was observed in groups exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli. NO production was similar or higher than the control group. Thus, H. virginiana L. extract showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects; absence of cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7; anti-inflammatory action; and potential to fight infections through the NO production. H L spp C (C albicans dubliniensis glabrata guilliermondii krusei tropicalis Acinetobacter baumannii coli faecalis pneumoniae aureus mutans. mutans . mutans) 264.7 2647 264 7 IL1β ILβ IL 1β β TNFα TNF α TNF-α NO. (NO) broth biofilms 2 exposure reagent respectively besides 10 mgmL mg mL mg/mL however LPS (LPS E group Thus effects antiinflammatory anti inflammatory action 264. 26 (NO 1

Controlling the chemical parameters of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is essential for the bioconversion of organic matter to methane; among these parameters include the presence and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). It is thus necessary to use efficient analytical methods that are capable of identifying and quantifying VFAs in reactor effluents in order to obtain an immediate response to their conditions. In this study, the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was optimized and validated - through an adaptation of the official method, using acetone and KHSO4, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used for the determination of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acids present in the effluents. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 1.2-2.5 mg L-1 and 1.9-3.7 mg L-1, respectively, for all analytes. These low LODs and LOQs are essentially important because the presence of isobutyric and isovaleric acids above 5.0 mg can be considered indicative of imbalances in AD. The proposed method, which presented satisfactory results with good repeatability (4.2-20.7%) and recovery (90.9-104.0%) rates, was applied for the analysis of effluent samples from three continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR). AD (AD methane VFAs. . (VFAs) conditions study liquidliquid liquid LLE (LLE KHSO4 KHSO GCFID GC FID (GC-FID acetic propionic butyric LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 1.22.5 1225 1.2 2.5 1 2 5 1.2-2. L1 L L- 1.93.7 1937 1.9 3.7 9 3 7 1.9-3. L1, 1, respectively analytes 50 0 5. 4.220.7% 42207 4.2 20.7% 4 20 (4.2-20.7% 90.9104.0% 9091040 90.9 104.0% 90 104 (90.9-104.0% rates stirredtank stirred tank CSTR. CSTR (CSTR) (VFAs 22 1.22. 122 12 1. 25 2. 1.2-2 93 1.93. 193 19 37 3. 1.9-3 220 4.220.7 4220 42 4. 207 20.7 (4.2-20.7 9104 90.9104.0 909104 909 90. 1040 104.0 10 (90.9-104.0 (CSTR 1.22 1.2- 1.93 1.9- 4.220. 422 20. (4.2-20. 910 90.9104. 90910 104. (90.9-104. 4.220 (4.2-20 91 90.9104 9091 (90.9-104 4.22 (4.2-2 90.910 (90.9-10 (4.2- 90.91 (90.9-1 (4.2 (90.9- (4. (90.9 (4 (90. ( (90 (9

Resumo O presente estudo buscou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata frente às cepas de veiculação alimentar de Escherichia coli. O estudo foi realizado usando a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Além disso, a técnica de difusão em disco foi usada para avaliar a associação do óleo essencial de Eucalipto radiata com antimicrobianos sintéticos. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) também foi realizada. Os resultados revelaram que E. radiata apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra as cepas de E. coli testadas, com valores de CIM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1000 μg/mL e valores de CBM variando entre 500 μg/mL a 1,024 μg/mL. Quanto às associações, observou-se que o óleo de E. radiata exibiu efeito sinérgico para alguns antibióticos, sobretudo a Ceftriaxona, apresentando maior interferência do óleo essencial. Além disso, foi eficaz na inibição a aderência das cepas bacterianas de E. coli, mostrando um efeito antibiofilme mais significativo que o agente antibacteriano digluconato de clorexidina a 0.12%. Em resumo, o óleo essencial de E. radiata apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra cepas de E. coli de origem alimentar, podendo assim, mediante estudos aprofundados, ser utilizado isoladamente ou em associação com antimicrobianos sintéticos para combater infecções causadas por esse patógeno. (CIM CBM. . (CBM) disso CIMA (CIMA realizada E testadas 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associações observouse observou se antibióticos Ceftriaxona 012 0 12 0.12% resumo assim aprofundados patógeno (CBM 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.12 1, 0.1 0.

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent potential of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil against food-borne strains of Escherichia coli. The study was performed using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the disk diffusion technique was used to evaluate the association of Eucalyptus radiata essential oil with synthetic antimicrobials. The Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC) was also performed. The results revealed that E. radiata showed antimicrobial activity against the E. coli strains tested, with MIC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL and MBC values ranging from 500 μg/mL to 1,024 μg/mL. As for the associations, it was observed that E. radiata oil exhibited a synergistic effect for some antibiotics, especially Ceftriaxone, with greater interference from the essential oil. Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting the adherence of bacterial strains of E. coli, showing a more significant antibiofilm effect than the antibacterial agent 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. In summary, the essential oil of E. radiata showed antimicrobial potential against strains of E. coli of food origin, and can therefore, through in-depth studies, be used alone or in association with synthetic antimicrobials to combat infections caused by this pathogen. antiadherent anti adherent foodborne borne (MIC MBC. . (MBC) addition E tested 50 μgmL μg mL 100 1024 1 024 1,02 associations antibiotics Ceftriaxone Furthermore 012 0 12 0.12 digluconate summary origin therefore indepth depth studies pathogen (MBC 5 10 102 02 1,0 01 0.1 1, 0.

Resumo O resfriamento do sêmen mantém espermatozóides viáveis para estender o período útil para fertilização artificial e evita o uso de protocolos robustos e altos custos associados à criopreservação. No entanto, as curvas de qualidade espermática do sêmen fresco e refrigerado ainda não foram comparadas para o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), que é frequentemente usado como modelo biológico. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade do sêmen de P. mesopotamicus durante 24 horas de refrigeração. Seis machos adultos foram induzidos com extrato de hipófise de carpa. Os dados de movimento espermático, integridade da membrana e morfologia foram comparados entre amostras de sêmen armazenadas por 24 horas em temperatura ambiente ou sob refrigeração a 12,63 °C. A motilidade dos espermatozoides diferiu significativamente ao longo do tempo. Após 24 horas de armazenamento, os valores de motilidade foram maiores nos espermatozoides refrigerados do que naqueles mantidos em temperatura ambiente. As taxas de sobrevivência dos espermatozoides não diferiram em 4 e 8 h após a coleta. Após 16 h, as células refrigeradas apresentaram integridade de membrana superior (82,05 ± 4,23%) em comparação àquelas armazenadas em temperatura ambiente (66,98 ± 6,45%), mantendo esse padrão até 24 h. Em termos de taxa de morfologia espermática, o sêmen de ambos os tratamentos ainda era viável para uso 8 horas após a coleta. Porém, após 16 h de armazenamento, ambos os grupos apresentaram grande redução nas taxas de normalidade, e às 24 h, todo sêmen estava inviável. Conclui-se que o sêmen de P. mesopotamicus pode ser armazenado até 8 h após a coleta quando refrigerado a 12,63 °C, sem uso de diluentes e/ou crioprotetores, mantendo qualidade suficiente para a fertilização de ovócitos. criopreservação entanto Piaractus mesopotamicus, , mesopotamicus) biológico P 2 carpa espermático 1263 12 63 12,6 C °C tempo armazenamento 1 82,05 8205 82 05 (82,0 4,23% 423 23 66,98 6698 66 98 (66,9 6,45%, 645 6,45% 6 45 6,45%) Porém normalidade inviável Concluise Conclui se eou crioprotetores ovócitos 126 12, 82,0 820 0 (82, 4,23 42 66,9 669 9 (66, 64 6,45 82, (82 4,2 66, (66 6,4 (8 4, (6 6, (

Abstract Cooling milt conserves viable spermatozoa to extend the period available for artificial fertilization and avoids the robust protocols and high costs associated with cryopreservation. Yet, the sperm quality curves of fresh and refrigerated milt have not yet been compared for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), which is often used as a biological model. This study aimed to analyze the milt quality of male P. mesopotamicus across 24 h of refrigeration. Six adult males were induced with carp pituitary extract. Sperm movement, membrane integrity, and morphology was compared between extruded milt samples stored for 24 h under either ambient temperature or under refrigeration at 12.63 °C. Sperm motility differed significantly over time. After 24 h of storage, motility values were higher in refrigerated spermatozoa than in those kept at ambient temperature. Sperm cell survival rates did not differ 4–8 h post collection. After 16 h, refrigerated cells showed superior membrane integrity (82.05 ± 4.23%) compared to those stored at ambient temperature (66.98 ± 6.45%), maintaining this pattern up to 24 h. In terms of sperm morphology rate, milt from both treatment groups was still viable for use 8 h after collection. However, after 16 h of storage, both groups exhibited a large reduction in normality rates, and at 24 h, all milt were unfeasible. In conclusion, P. mesopotamicus milt can be stored up to 8 h after collection when refrigerated at 12.63 °C, without the use of extenders and/or cryoprotectants, maintaining enough quality for egg fertilization. cryopreservation Yet Piaractus mesopotamicus, , mesopotamicus) model P 2 extract movement 1263 12 63 12.6 C °C time storage 48 4 4– 1 82.05 8205 82 05 (82.0 4.23% 423 23 66.98 6698 66 98 (66.9 6.45%, 645 6.45% 6 45 6.45%) rate However unfeasible conclusion andor cryoprotectants 126 12. 82.0 820 0 (82. 4.23 42 66.9 669 9 (66. 64 6.45 82. (82 4.2 66. (66 6.4 (8 4. (6 6. (

It is essential to diversity energy sources for ensuring sustainability. While hydrogen is considered a promising energy storage medium, its potential hinges on the development of efficient photocatalysts for green production. In addressing this challenge, we evaluated the performance of a heterojunction system composed of non-stoichiometric molybdenum oxides (MoO3−x) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) for water splitting. MoO3−x were synthesized via gamma irradiation of the MoO3 in the presence of formic acid (FA), while CdS-MPA QDs were electrosynthesized. The heterojunction was formed through adsorption. The structural and electronic characterization revealed a progressive transformation from MoO3 to MoO3−x and MoO3−x/CdS-MPA QDs, demonstrating enhanced water-splitting performance. Upon evaluation, the study revealed a charge transfer mechanism, highlighting the significance of relative band positions between MoO3−x and CdS-MPA QDs in promoting eco-friendly hydrogen evolution and methanol processing. Thus, we suggest that the synergism between MoO3−x and CdS-MPA QDs semiconductors makes the heterojunction system a promising solution for photocatalytic production of hydrogen and oxygen. sustainability medium challenge nonstoichiometric non stoichiometric MoO3x MoOx x MoO (MoO3−x CdS (CdS (QDs splitting FA, FA , (FA) CdSMPA MPA electrosynthesized adsorption MoO3−x/CdSMPA MoO3xCdSMPA MoOxCdSMPA MoO3−x/CdS watersplitting evaluation mechanism ecofriendly eco friendly processing Thus oxygen (FA xCdSMPA MoO3xCdS MoOxCdS xCdS

RESUMO A água é um recurso essencial na agricultura e a sua utilização eficiente é fundamental para garantir a sustentabilidade do sector. A utilização de tecnologias mais racionais e sustentáveis é uma estratégia importante para otimizar o uso da água na agricultura. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação nas variáveis químicas e físicas de melão, e produtividade, em plantas cultivadas com ou sem aplicação de hidrogel. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados com dez tratamentos e quatro blocos. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, referente a cinco lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc), e com ou sem aplicação de hidrogel (4 g L-1). O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi o gotejamento. As lâminas de irrigação influenciaram positivamente as variáveis avaliadas, sendo a maior produtividade (39.075,69 kg ha-1) obtida com a maior lâmina de água de 394 mm (150% ETc), enquanto o uso de hidrogel reduziu a cavidade interna do fruto. As características físicas dos frutos (espessura da polpa e cavidade interna) apresentaram incrementos lineares positivos dentro do intervalo de lâminas de irrigação avaliadas. A condutividade elétrica dos frutos apresentou diminuição linear com o aumento das lâminas de irrigação, enquanto o pH se comportou como equação polinomial quadrática. O uso de hidrogel não foi suficiente para mitigar os efeitos negativos das lâminas deficitárias. Porém, o aumento das lâminas de água melhorou a qualidade e a produtividade de melão. sector exposto melão 2 50, 50 (50 75 100 12 150 ETc, ETc , ETc) 4 ( L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) gotejamento avaliadas 39.075,69 3907569 39 075 69 (39.075,6 ha1 ha ha-1 (150 fruto espessura quadrática deficitárias Porém (5 7 10 15 L-1 39.075,6 390756 3 07 6 (39.075, ha- (15 L- 39.075, 39075 0 (39.075 (1 39.075 3907 (39.07 39.07 390 (39.0 39.0 (39. 39. (39 (3

ABSTRACT Water is an essential resource in agriculture, and its efficient use is fundamental to ensuring the sustainability of the sector. The use of more rational and sustainable technologies is an important strategy for optimizing the use of water in agriculture. In view of the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on both chemical and physical variables of melon fruits, and yield, in plants grown with or without hydrogel application. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with ten treatments and four blocks. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc), and with or without hydrogel application (4 g L-1). The irrigation system used was drip irrigation. Irrigation depths positively influenced the variables evaluated, with the highest yield (39,075.69 kg ha-1) obtained with the highest water depth of 394 mm (150% ETc), while the use of hydrogel reduced the internal cavity of the fruit. The fruit physical characteristics (pulp thickness and internal cavity) showed positive linear increments within the interval of irrigation depth evaluated. Fruit electrical conductivity showed a linear decrease as the irrigation depths increased, while the pH was described by a quadratic polynomial equation. The use of hydrogel was not enough to mitigate the negative effects of deficit irrigation. However, the increase in irrigation depths improved the quality and yield of melon fruit. agriculture sector above fruits blocks scheme 50, 50 (50 75 100 125 150 ETc, ETc , ETc) 4 ( L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) evaluated 39,075.69 3907569 39 075 69 (39,075.6 ha1 ha ha-1 (150 pulp increased equation However (5 7 10 12 15 L-1 39,075.6 390756 3 07 6 (39,075. ha- (15 L- 39,075. 39075 0 (39,075 (1 39,075 3907 (39,07 39,07 390 (39,0 39,0 (39, 39, (39 (3