Worldwide, millions of people suffer from neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are often linked to hyperactivity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain, and inhibiting this enzyme can reduce oxidative stress, stabilize neurotransmitter levels, and alleviate symptoms. In this context, a pharmacophoric model was created using PharmaGist with 31 hits extracted from BindingDB to enable a pharmacophoric-based search of potential MAO-B inhibitors in ZincPharmer’s chemical space, followed by the building of 10 conformers for each molecule in the software OMEGA, screening for structural and electrostatic similarity to safinamide using ROCS (Rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (Electrostatic similarity for lead-hopping), respectively. In addition, the molecular docking with Gold using the score function was performed to rank the ligands with the highest probabilities of affinity to MAO-B and then discriminate those with suitable physical chemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological features using the tools QikProp, SwissADME, and DEREK. Four potential ligands with selective MAO-B inhibitor properties were identified, which show promise as future therapeutic agents for MAO-B-related disorders. Worldwide schizophrenia depression diseases MAOB MAO (MAO-B brain stress levels symptoms context 3 pharmacophoricbased based ZincPharmers ZincPharmer s space 1 OMEGA Rapid structures Electrostatic leadhopping, leadhopping lead hopping , lead-hopping) respectively addition pharmacokinetic QikProp SwissADME DEREK identified MAOBrelated related disorders lead-hopping

Jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) is a residue that contains phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and gallic acid. An adsorbent-bioactive complex (ABC) was synthesized using an extract rich in compounds with antioxidant properties obtained from JPP immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose from sweet sorghum bagasse. In this work, the result of thermal degradation of anthocyanins from JPP and ABC, activation energy (Ea), half-life time (t1/2), decimal reduction time (D), temperature variation (Z), thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS)) and degradation of antioxidant activities were investigated. Anthocyanin degradation of 35, 60 and 85% was observed for JPP and 10, 30 and 65% for ABC at temperatures of 90-130 °C. Ea of JPP and ABC were 110 and 91 kJ mol-1, respectively. ABC was able to increase from 143-690% the half-life time when compared to JPP. The Z parameter indicated that a greater temperature variation is necessary to degrade ABC anthocyanins (31 °C) when compared to JPP (25 °C). The thermodynamic parameters showed that the energy needed to be broken down to reach the transition state is higher for JPP than ABC, in addition ABC is closer to its thermodynamic equilibrium state. Thus, ABC can be used as an additive in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries, maintaining bioactive and antioxidant properties. (JPP acid adsorbentbioactive adsorbent (ABC bagasse work Ea, , (Ea) halflife half life t1/2, t12 t t1/2 t1 2 (t1/2) D, D (D) Z, (Z) enthalpy ΔH, ΔH (ΔH) ΔG (ΔG ΔS (ΔS) investigated 35 6 85 10 3 65 90130 90 130 90-13 C °C 11 9 mol1, mol1 mol 1, 1 mol-1 respectively 143690% 143690 143 690% 690 143-690 31 (3 25 (2 . Thus pharmaceutical industries (Ea t1/ (t1/2 (D (Z (ΔH (ΔS 8 9013 13 90-1 mol- 14369 14 69 143-69 ( (t1/ 901 90- 1436 143-6 (t1 143- (t

In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of the flowers of Fridericia platyphylla, and to characterize the bioactive compounds. The chemical diversity of the extracts and fractions was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We were able to annotate 26 compounds from the classes of flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The dichloromethane fraction showed greater cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. In addition, the inhibitory concentrations of the dichloromethane fraction were 22.14 and 30.9 µg mL−1 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, and were capable of inhibiting tumor cell migration. Brachydins A and C were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and showed the greatest cytotoxicity. The results obtained from this study show the potential biological effect of F. platyphylla flowers as a possible antitumor pharmacological agent. extract LCHRMS. LCHRMS LC HRMS . (LC-HRMS) 2 flavones flavonols flavanones isoflavones derivatives 10 mL1 mL 1 addition 2214 22 14 22.1 309 30 9 30. mL− MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 lines respectively migration F agent (LC-HRMS 221 22. 3 MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

We report a facile hydrothermal method for the synthesis of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) under two different temperatures, 120 °C (Nb2O5-120) and 150 °C (Nb2O5-150). The obtained materials were characterized by structural, optical and morphological techniques. Also, the photocatalytic properties of the Nb2O5 samples were evaluated in two reactions under ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation: degradation of methylene blue (MB) and indigo carmine (IC) dyes; and esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) present in waste cooking oil (WCO). The Nb2O5 was formed at different temperatures of synthesis, and the increase in temperature did not cause significant changes in the structural and optical characteristics, but resulted in an increased surface area of the synthesized materials. Both synthesized materials showed excellent efficiency for dye photodegradation. The sample Nb2O5-150 presented the best performance for the MB photodegradation, with almost 85% of the removal efficiency. In this case, the adsorption of MB molecules on the surface of the material was high due to the favorable electrostatic interaction and also because of its high surface area. For the IC photodegradation, the adsorption was insignificant, and both samples presented approximately 100% of the removal efficiency. These materials were also promising for the reduction of free fat acids in waste oil by photoesterification. NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 12 C Nb2O5120 (Nb2O5-120 15 Nb2O5150. Nb2O5150 . (Nb2O5-150) techniques Also Nb2O UVC (UVC irradiation (MB (IC dyes FFA (FFA WCO. WCO (WCO) characteristics photodegradation Nb2O5-15 85 case insignificant 100 photoesterification (Nb2O 1 Nb2O512 (Nb2O5-12 Nb2O515 (Nb2O5-150 (WCO Nb2O5-1 8 10 Nb2O51 (Nb2O5-1 (Nb2O5-15 Nb2O5- (Nb2O5-

Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases. (PTN L. L (L. Bip species germacrene skeleton extract addition However parameters pharmacokinetic evaluations Therefore investigation P450 P 450 P-45 system catalysts metachloroperbenzoic meta chloroperbenzoic 5,10,15,20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5,10,15,20 tetrakis pentafluorophenyl porphyrin 5 10 15 20 ironIII iron III iron(III formation 1 ( R,10Repoxyparthenolide R10Repoxyparthenolide RRepoxyparthenolide R,10R epoxyparthenolide R 10R IR (IR VCD (VCD B3PW91/6311G. B3PW916311G BPWG B3PW91/6 311G. B3PW91 6 311G B PW G B3PW91/6-311G Furthermore time IC50 IC (IC50 parasites diseases (L P45 45 P-4 20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520 5,10,15,2 2 10Repoxyparthenolide Repoxyparthenolide R10R RR 6311G B3PW91/6311G B3PW916 BPW B3PW91/ B3PW9 IC5 (IC5 P4 4 P- 510152 5,10,15, B3PW (IC 51015 5,10,15 5101 5,10,1 510 5,10, 51 5,10 5,1 5,

Phosphate species can affect aquatic ecosystems, as excess of this nutrient can cause eutrophication, generating environmental impacts. Lamellar double hydroxides have shown promise in removing phosphate at low concentrations (10-50 mg L 1). In this context, lamellar double hydroxides were synthesized interspersed with nitrates and humic substances, searching for a new product that favors phosphorus adsorption. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of characteristic peaks of lamellar double hydroxides and thermogravimetric analysis showed the decomposition behavior of lamellar structure. The adsorption capacity occurred quickly (< 30 min), being more efficient for lamellar double hydroxides with NO3. The maximum adsorption capacity showed results of 35.03 and 44.20 mg g 1 for lamellar double hydroxides with humic substances and lamellar double hydroxides with NO3, respectively. The complexation capacity showed that pH directly influences complexation, being greater for lamellar double hydroxides with humic substances at pH 6.5. Thus, nanostructured materials with humic substances are promising for use in contaminant remediation and adsorption can be a fast and efficient technique for use in soil and water. ecosystems eutrophication impacts 1050 10 50 (10-5 1. . 1) context Xray X ray structure < ( 3 min, min , min) NO3 NO 3503 35 03 35.0 4420 44 20 44.2 respectively 65 6 5 6.5 Thus water 105 (10- 350 0 35. 442 4 2 44. 6. (10 (1

The inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an endocannabinoid system component, emerged as a potentially new therapeutic target for a range of clinical disorders such as acute and chronic pain. Some α-ketoheterocycle derivatives demonstrated interesting analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Ligand-Based Drug Design techniques such as knowledge graph convolutional networks (kGCN) and hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) using α-ketoheterocycle derivatives from five different datasets were generated to discover the relation between the chemical structures and the inhibition activity. Meanwhile, structure-based drug design simulations as interaction fields (MIF), molecular docking, and ligand sites studies (LSI) from FAAH were performed using Autogrid software and FTmap/FTsite servers. The results of both studies were merged to propose predictive models. The resulting kGCN model demonstrated adequate accuracy area under the curve by receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC 0.7922). From contribution maps of the Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) models and the generated probes using MIF and LSI, it was observed that the oxazole ring, the ketone group, and the apolar chain present in the structures of the inhibitors are important, besides the evidence of the Cys269 and Val270 residues importance for the potential interaction, confirmed by carried docking studies. These fragments and structural information can be used to carry out new FAAH potential inhibitors studies and report kGCN as an accurate classification technique. FAAH, , (FAAH) component pain αketoheterocycle α ketoheterocycle antiinflammatory anti inflammatory vitro LigandBased Ligand Based (kGCN structureactivity structure activity HQSAR (HQSAR Meanwhile structurebased based MIF, (MIF) LSI (LSI FTmapFTsite FTmap FTsite servers AUCROC AUC ROC 0.7922. 07922 0.7922 . 0 7922 0.7922) LBDD (LBDD ring group important Cys Cys26 Val Val27 technique (FAAH (MIF 0792 0.792 792 Cys2 Val2 079 0.79 79 07 0.7 7 0.

The essential oil extracted from Anemia tomentosa (EOAT) has shown larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti, based on methods in vitro and in silico. Chromatographic and spectrometric techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)), as well as mono and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to assess 10 essential oil components. Chemical composition of essential oil comprised 87.51% sesquiterpenes, with emphasis on presilphiperfolan-1-ol (42.13%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (19.47%). Larvicidal assay conducted in vitro with EOAT has evidenced potential cytotoxic activity up to 48 h exposure to it; mortality rate observed for A. aegypti larvae exposed to essential oil reached 100%. Study conducted in silico with chemical compounds deriving from the herein investigated plant species has evidenced its potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase in A. aegypti. Activity of triquinane sesquiterpenes ranging from -6.8 to -8.2 kcal mol-1 stood out in comparison to that of temephos (-7.5 kcal mol-1). Chemical compounds identified in the investigated essential oil presented low human and environmental toxicity, as observed in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) predictions. (EOAT chromatographymass chromatography mass CGMS, CGMS CG MS , (CG-MS) chromatographyflame flame GCFID, GCFID GC FID (GC-FID)) NMR (NMR 1 components 8751 87 51 87.51 presilphiperfolan1ol presilphiperfolanol presilphiperfolan ol 42.13% 4213 42 13 (42.13% silphiperfol5ene silphiperfolene silphiperfol 5 ene 19.47%. 1947 19.47% . 19 47 (19.47%) 4 it A 100 100% 6.8 68 6 8 -6. 8.2 82 2 -8. mol1 mol mol- 7.5 75 7 (-7. mol1. mol-1) absorption distribution excretion ADMETox (ADMETox predictions (CG-MS (GC-FID) 875 87.5 42.13 421 (42.13 194 19.47 (19.47% 6. -6 8. -8 7. (-7 (GC-FID 87. 42.1 (42.1 19.4 (19.47 - (- 42. (42. 19. (19.4 ( (42 (19. (4 (19 (1

Methods used to determine pesticide residues in teas typically require several laborious steps for sample preparation before analysis. In this study, a simple method based on solid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning (SLE/LTP) and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized and validated for the determination of pesticide residues (pirimiphos-methyl, flutriafol, cyproconazole, and bifenthrin) in dehydrated green tea leaves. After low-temperature partitioning (LTP), the extract in acetonitrile was subjected to a clean-up step using primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecylsilane (C18) as sorbents for chlorophyll removal. The optimized SLE/LTP-GC-MS method was validated, and it proved to be effective and selective for extracting pesticides from green tea samples, presenting limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.015 and 0.050 mg kg-1, respectively. Recovery ranged between 81-111%, coefficients of variation were less than 16% and coefficients of determination (R2) were greater than 0.990. The optimized and validated method was applied to green tea and 13 other tea varieties sampled in South and Southeast regions of Brazil. The pesticides under study were detected in some of those samples at values higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) allowed by the European Union. solidliquid solid liquid lowtemperature low temperature SLE/LTP SLELTP SLE LTP (SLE/LTP GCMS GC MS (GC-MS pirimiphosmethyl, pirimiphosmethyl pirimiphos methyl, methyl (pirimiphos-methyl flutriafol cyproconazole bifenthrin leaves LTP, , (LTP) cleanup clean up PSA (PSA C18 C (C18 removal SLE/LTPGCMS SLELTPGCMS LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 0015 0 015 0.01 0050 050 0.05 kg1, kg1 kg 1, 1 kg-1 respectively 81111%, 81111 81 111%, 111 81-111% 16 R2 R (R2 0990 990 0.990 Brazil MRLs (MRLs Union (LTP C1 (C1 LTPGCMS 001 01 0.0 005 05 kg- 81111% 8111 8 111% 11 81-111 (R 099 99 0.99 (C 00 0. 811 81-11 09 9 0.9 81-1 81-

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the total macular thickness as well as the thickness of the inner and outer retinal layers in patients with Parkinson’s disease. It also aimed to verify the correlation of these parameters with motor symptoms and cognitive function. Methods: A total of 46 eyes of 23 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 40 eyes of 20 healthy controls were included in the study. The patients’ cognitive, functional, and nonmotor symptoms were evaluated using the Katz Index of Independence and Pfeffer’s Activities of Daily Living, Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, Schwab and England Staging Scales, and Movement Disorders Society Nonmotor Symptoms Scale. The macular thickness measurements obtained via total, inner, and outer optical coherence tomography were recorded. Furthermore, the correlation of the parameters of optical coherence tomography with cognitive, functional, and nonmotor symptoms was assessed. Results: The scores of the Katz Index of Independence and Pfeffer’s Activities of Daily Living as well as the Movement Disorders Society Nonmotor Symptoms Scale were significantly lower in patients with Parkinson’s disease than in healthy controls. Moreover, the former had greater total macular thickness. The temporal and inferior outer sectors were significantly greater for the ganglion cell complex thickness in patients. A significant correlation was observed between the total macular thickness and the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Parte III (MDS-UPDRS-III) values. Contrarily, there was a negative correlation between the outer macular thickness and the MDS-UPDRS-III values. Meanwhile, the total macular thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness were significantly correlated with the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Schwab and England Staging Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Katz Index of Independence and Pfeffer’s Activities of Daily Living. In addition, the Schwab and England scale was correlated with the outer macular thickness. Conclusion: The total and inner macular thicknesses at the temporal and inferior outer sectors were greater in patients with Parkinson’s disease than in the control group. These findings indicate that macular thickness may be greater in those with Parkinson’s disease, particularly when associated with mild motor symptoms. In addition, the parameters of the total, inner, and outer optical coherence tomography were significantly associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms as well as cognitive function impairment. Purpose Parkinsons Parkinson s Methods 4 2 functional Pfeffers Pfeffer MiniMental Mini Mental Examination Battery Scales recorded Furthermore assessed Results Moreover SocietyUnified Unified MDSUPDRSIII MDS UPDRS (MDS-UPDRS-III values Contrarily Meanwhile addition Conclusion group impairment

This study details the preparation, antileishmanial assay, and in silico analysis of twenty 2-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3-triazolyl)propyl vanillin derivatives. These compounds were synthesized in three steps and evaluated against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. Compounds 3s and 3t were the most effective, showing good activity against all Leishmania species tested. Molecular docking indicated that all compounds bind favorably to the sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme from L. infantum. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) analysis indicated good oral bioavailability, non blood-brain barrier penetration, and high gastrointestinal absorption. Posaconazole and compounds 3e, 3s, and 3t remained stable in the CYP51 binding region during 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) analyses from the MD trajectory revealed significant conformational fluctuations of the CYP51 N-terminal, suggesting occasional expulsion of 3e, potentially explaining its higher IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values. Pairwise decomposition analyses from molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations highlighted the importance of hydrophobic residues in interacting with the synthesized derivatives. preparation assay 2hydroxy31,2,3triazolylpropyl 2hydroxy3123triazolylpropyl hydroxytriazolylpropyl 2 hydroxy 3 1,2,3 triazolyl propyl 1 derivatives infantum amazonensis promastigotes s t effective tested 14αdemethylase αdemethylase 14α demethylase α CYP (CYP51 L absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity bioavailability bloodbrain blood brain penetration 3e e CYP5 10 (MD simulations RMSD (RMSD RMSF (RMSF Nterminal, Nterminal N terminal, terminal N-terminal IC IC5 halfmaximal half maximal concentration values PoissonBoltzmann Poisson Boltzmann MM/PBSA MMPBSA MM PBSA (MM/PBSA 2hydroxy31 3triazolylpropyl triazolylpropyl 123 1,2, (CYP5 2hydroxy3 12 1,2 (CYP 2hydroxy 1,

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 so far st century However classes Hence Initially IgG receptorbinding receptor SARS-CoV- retrieved Subsequently 10 solvation Lastly dynamics Additionally way virus (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV 1 (SARS-CoV

RESUMO O uso de estimulante de crescimento é uma tecnologia promissora para a agricultura por proporcionar melhor condição de crescimento para as plantas, pois são oriundos da mistura de reguladores vegetais, minerais, aminoácidos e outras substâncias que têm sido testadas em diferentes plantas. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com micronutrientes e aminoácidos em sementes e adubação foliar em plantas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus), sobre o crescimento inicial das plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e arranjo fatorial 6 x 2 composto por seis doses do tratamento de sementes (0; 1; 2; 3; 4 e 5 mL kg-1 sementes) e sem ou com adubação foliar utilizando o bioestimulante na dose de 300 mL ha-1. Foram avaliados: número de folhas por planta; comprimento da parte aérea, raiz e total das plantas (cm); massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plantas. A dose de 4 mL kg-1 sementes de melancia, cultivar Crimson Sweet, no tratamento de sementes e a adubação foliar no vigésimo sexto dia após a emergência das plântulas na dose de 300 ml ha-1 proporcionam melhores condições de crescimento as plantas devido aos incrementos nas variáveis número de folhas, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea e total. vegetais minerais Assim objetivouse objetivou se Citrullus lanatus, lanatus , lanatus) casualizados 0 (0 1 3 kg1 kg kg- 30 ha1. ha1 ha 1. avaliados planta cm (cm) Sweet ha- ( (cm

ABSTRACT Plant growth stimulants are a promising technology for agriculture to improve plant growth. These stimulants are often derived from a blend of plant regulators, minerals, amino acids, and other substances tested on various plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a growth stimulant (micronutrients and amino acids) for seed treatment and foliar application on the initial growth of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus; cultivar Crimson Sweet). A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, in a 6×2 factorial arrangement consisted of six growth stimulant rates (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL kg-1) for seed treatment, combined or not with foliar application of the same growth stimulant at 300 mL ha-1 26 days after sowing. The plant characteristics evaluated were: number of leaves per plant; shoot, root, and total plant lengths (cm); and shoot, root, and total dry weights. The use of the growth stimulant rate of 4 mL kg-1 for treating watermelon seeds, combined with foliar application of the growth stimulant (300 mL ha-1 26 days after sowing), provided the best growth conditions to the plants, which was shown by their higher number of leaves, shoot length, and shoot and total dry weights. regulators minerals acids plants micronutrients Citrullus lanatus Sweet. Sweet . Sweet) used 62 6 2 6× 0, 0 (0 1 3 kg1 kg 30 ha1 ha ha- sowing were root cm (cm) weights kg- seeds (30 sowing, , sowing) length ( (cm (3

RESUMO A aplicação de cinza vegetal na agricultura surge como técnica promissora para potencializar a produtividade agrícola. Sua composição química tem aptidão para aprimorar os atributos do solo, atuando como fertilizante, corretivo e auxiliando na retenção de água. Entretanto, estudos recomendam adoção controlada, para evitar impactos adversos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial da cinza vegetal como estratégia de adubação na cultura do amendoim, com ênfase na otimização da produtividade das plantas e na redução do déficit hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em vasos de 5 dm3; o delineamento experimental aplicado foi em blocos casualizados, formando um esquema fatorial 5x5, correspondente a cinco doses de cinza vegetal (0; 8; 16; 24 e 32 g dm3) e cinco disponibilidades hídricas (25; 50; 75; 100 e 125% da capacidade de campo), com quatro repetições. A cultivar utilizada foi a IAC OL-3. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade para verificar se seguiram a distribuição normal e, posteriormente, submetidos à análise de variância e, quando significativo, submetidos à análise de regressão, a 5% de probabilidade de erro. A cinza vegetal, rica em nutrientes demonstrou ser uma alternativa viável de fonte de nutrientes. Doses entre 18 e 23 g dm-3 de cinza vegetal apresentaram os resultados mais satisfatórios. A disponibilidade hídrica que melhor respondeu foi de 96 a 112%. A cinza vegetal, nas doses de 23 e 20 g dm-3, contribuiu no consumo da água e na eficiência hídrica do solo. agrícola solo fertilizante Entretanto controlada adversos amendoim hídrico dm3 dm casualizados 5x5 x 0 (0 8 16 2 3 25 (25 50 75 10 125 campo, campo , campo) repetições OL3. OL3 OL 3. OL-3 posteriormente significativo regressão erro 1 dm- satisfatórios 9 112 112% dm3, 3, 5x ( (2 7 12 OL- 11

ABSTRACT The application of wood ash in agriculture emerges as a promising technique to enhance agricultural productivity. Its chemical composition can improve soil attributes, acting as a fertilizer, corrective agent, and assisting in water retention. However, studies recommend controlled adoption to avoid adverse impacts. The objective of this article is to evaluate the potential of wood ash as a fertilization strategy in peanut cultivation, with an emphasis on optimizing plant productivity and reducing water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in 5 dm3 pots; the experimental design applied was randomized blocks, forming a 5x5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five doses of wood ash (0; 8; 16; 24 and 32 g dm-3) and five levels of water availability (25; 50; 75; 100 and 125% of field capacity), with four repetitions. The cultivar used was IAC OL-3. The data were subjected to the normality test to check whether they followed the normal distribution and, subsequently, subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, subjected to regression analysis, at a 5% probability of error. Wood ash, rich in nutrients, proved to be a viable alternative source of nutrients. Doses between 18.4 and 22.8 g dm-3 of wood ash led to the most satisfactory results. The water availability that responded best ranged from 96 to 111.3%. Wood ash, at doses of 22.8 and 19.64 g dm-3, contributed to water consumption and soil water efficiency. attributes fertilizer agent retention However impacts cultivation deficit dm pots blocks x 5x scheme 0 (0 8 16 2 3 25 (25 50 75 10 125 capacity, capacity , capacity) repetitions OL3. OL3 OL 3. OL-3 subsequently significant error nutrients 184 18 4 18. 228 22 22. dm- results 9 1113 111 111.3% 1964 19 64 19.6 dm3, 3, efficiency ( 1 (2 7 12 OL- 11 111.3 196 6 19. 111.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Studies have shown an association between the clinical severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and sociodemographic and clinical variables in older adults. However, few studies have described the explanatory factors of the relationship between these variables and the clinical severity of COVID-19 using structural equation modeling. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors directly and indirectly associated with the clinical severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among older adults in Minas Gerais, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective epidemiological study. METHODS: This study included 51,141 elderly adults with COVID-19 living in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected through the Individual Registration Form – Hospitalized Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome from January 28, 2020, to January 27, 2022. RESULTS: Older age (P < 0.001), male sex (P < 0.001), dyspnea (P < 0.001), change in chest X-ray examination findings (P < 0.001), greater number of risk factors/comorbidities (P < 0.001), and longer hospitalization time (P < 0.001) were directly associated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. Female sex, mediated by the greater number of risk/comorbidity factors (β = -0.02, P < 0.001), and younger age, mediated by longer hospitalization time (β = -0.01; P < 0.001), were indirectly associated with the clinical severity of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Demographic and clinical variables were directly associated with increased disease severity. In addition to the direct effect, a greater number of risk/comorbidity factors and longer hospitalization time mediated the association between demographic variables and outcomes. BACKGROUND COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 However COVID-1 modeling OBJECTIVE Gerais Brazil SETTING METHODS 51141 51 141 51,14 28 2020 27 2022 RESULTS 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 0 001 Xray X ray factorscomorbidities comorbidities COVID19. 19. riskcomorbidity comorbidity β 0.02, 002 02 -0.02 0.01 01 -0.01 CONCLUSION effect outcomes COVID1 1 (COVID-1 COVID- 5114 5 14 51,1 2 202 000 0.00 00 0.02 -0.0 0.0 (COVID- 511 51, 20 -0. 0. (COVID -0 -