Worldwide, millions of people suffer from neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are often linked to hyperactivity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain, and inhibiting this enzyme can reduce oxidative stress, stabilize neurotransmitter levels, and alleviate symptoms. In this context, a pharmacophoric model was created using PharmaGist with 31 hits extracted from BindingDB to enable a pharmacophoric-based search of potential MAO-B inhibitors in ZincPharmer’s chemical space, followed by the building of 10 conformers for each molecule in the software OMEGA, screening for structural and electrostatic similarity to safinamide using ROCS (Rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (Electrostatic similarity for lead-hopping), respectively. In addition, the molecular docking with Gold using the score function was performed to rank the ligands with the highest probabilities of affinity to MAO-B and then discriminate those with suitable physical chemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological features using the tools QikProp, SwissADME, and DEREK. Four potential ligands with selective MAO-B inhibitor properties were identified, which show promise as future therapeutic agents for MAO-B-related disorders. Worldwide schizophrenia depression diseases MAOB MAO (MAO-B brain stress levels symptoms context 3 pharmacophoricbased based ZincPharmers ZincPharmer s space 1 OMEGA Rapid structures Electrostatic leadhopping, leadhopping lead hopping , lead-hopping) respectively addition pharmacokinetic QikProp SwissADME DEREK identified MAOBrelated related disorders lead-hopping

Jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) is a residue that contains phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and gallic acid. An adsorbent-bioactive complex (ABC) was synthesized using an extract rich in compounds with antioxidant properties obtained from JPP immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose from sweet sorghum bagasse. In this work, the result of thermal degradation of anthocyanins from JPP and ABC, activation energy (Ea), half-life time (t1/2), decimal reduction time (D), temperature variation (Z), thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS)) and degradation of antioxidant activities were investigated. Anthocyanin degradation of 35, 60 and 85% was observed for JPP and 10, 30 and 65% for ABC at temperatures of 90-130 °C. Ea of JPP and ABC were 110 and 91 kJ mol-1, respectively. ABC was able to increase from 143-690% the half-life time when compared to JPP. The Z parameter indicated that a greater temperature variation is necessary to degrade ABC anthocyanins (31 °C) when compared to JPP (25 °C). The thermodynamic parameters showed that the energy needed to be broken down to reach the transition state is higher for JPP than ABC, in addition ABC is closer to its thermodynamic equilibrium state. Thus, ABC can be used as an additive in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries, maintaining bioactive and antioxidant properties. (JPP acid adsorbentbioactive adsorbent (ABC bagasse work Ea, , (Ea) halflife half life t1/2, t12 t t1/2 t1 2 (t1/2) D, D (D) Z, (Z) enthalpy ΔH, ΔH (ΔH) ΔG (ΔG ΔS (ΔS) investigated 35 6 85 10 3 65 90130 90 130 90-13 C °C 11 9 mol1, mol1 mol 1, 1 mol-1 respectively 143690% 143690 143 690% 690 143-690 31 (3 25 (2 . Thus pharmaceutical industries (Ea t1/ (t1/2 (D (Z (ΔH (ΔS 8 9013 13 90-1 mol- 14369 14 69 143-69 ( (t1/ 901 90- 1436 143-6 (t1 143- (t

In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of the flowers of Fridericia platyphylla, and to characterize the bioactive compounds. The chemical diversity of the extracts and fractions was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We were able to annotate 26 compounds from the classes of flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The dichloromethane fraction showed greater cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. In addition, the inhibitory concentrations of the dichloromethane fraction were 22.14 and 30.9 µg mL−1 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, and were capable of inhibiting tumor cell migration. Brachydins A and C were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and showed the greatest cytotoxicity. The results obtained from this study show the potential biological effect of F. platyphylla flowers as a possible antitumor pharmacological agent. extract LCHRMS. LCHRMS LC HRMS . (LC-HRMS) 2 flavones flavonols flavanones isoflavones derivatives 10 mL1 mL 1 addition 2214 22 14 22.1 309 30 9 30. mL− MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 lines respectively migration F agent (LC-HRMS 221 22. 3 MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases. (PTN L. L (L. Bip species germacrene skeleton extract addition However parameters pharmacokinetic evaluations Therefore investigation P450 P 450 P-45 system catalysts metachloroperbenzoic meta chloroperbenzoic 5,10,15,20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5,10,15,20 tetrakis pentafluorophenyl porphyrin 5 10 15 20 ironIII iron III iron(III formation 1 ( R,10Repoxyparthenolide R10Repoxyparthenolide RRepoxyparthenolide R,10R epoxyparthenolide R 10R IR (IR VCD (VCD B3PW91/6311G. B3PW916311G BPWG B3PW91/6 311G. B3PW91 6 311G B PW G B3PW91/6-311G Furthermore time IC50 IC (IC50 parasites diseases (L P45 45 P-4 20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520 5,10,15,2 2 10Repoxyparthenolide Repoxyparthenolide R10R RR 6311G B3PW91/6311G B3PW916 BPW B3PW91/ B3PW9 IC5 (IC5 P4 4 P- 510152 5,10,15, B3PW (IC 51015 5,10,15 5101 5,10,1 510 5,10, 51 5,10 5,1 5,

Phosphate species can affect aquatic ecosystems, as excess of this nutrient can cause eutrophication, generating environmental impacts. Lamellar double hydroxides have shown promise in removing phosphate at low concentrations (10-50 mg L 1). In this context, lamellar double hydroxides were synthesized interspersed with nitrates and humic substances, searching for a new product that favors phosphorus adsorption. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of characteristic peaks of lamellar double hydroxides and thermogravimetric analysis showed the decomposition behavior of lamellar structure. The adsorption capacity occurred quickly (< 30 min), being more efficient for lamellar double hydroxides with NO3. The maximum adsorption capacity showed results of 35.03 and 44.20 mg g 1 for lamellar double hydroxides with humic substances and lamellar double hydroxides with NO3, respectively. The complexation capacity showed that pH directly influences complexation, being greater for lamellar double hydroxides with humic substances at pH 6.5. Thus, nanostructured materials with humic substances are promising for use in contaminant remediation and adsorption can be a fast and efficient technique for use in soil and water. ecosystems eutrophication impacts 1050 10 50 (10-5 1. . 1) context Xray X ray structure < ( 3 min, min , min) NO3 NO 3503 35 03 35.0 4420 44 20 44.2 respectively 65 6 5 6.5 Thus water 105 (10- 350 0 35. 442 4 2 44. 6. (10 (1

Protium ovatum Eng. Burseraceae is an endemic species in Brazil used in traditional medicine. This study investigated the chemical variation and the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of dichloromethane soluble fraction of hydrolate (DSFH) from leaves of P. ovatum collected from five different vegetation physiognomies within the Cerrado Goiano. The region was characterized based on the DSFH chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed to compare the different DSFHs from five Savannah regions in Brazil. The DSFHs from the Cerrado stricto sensu (CSS), Mata de Galeria (MG) and Cerradão (C) regions were grouped in the negative part of PC1, showing high similarity. Samples from the C and MG regions showed antioxidant activity of IC50 = 0.98 and 0.78 mg mL-1, respectively, and 0.250 mg mL-1 of butylated hydroxytoluene (positive control). DSFH from different regions exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The results show that the chemical composition and the biological activity of DSFHs can be affected according to the area of collection. Eng medicine (DSFH P Goiano GCMS GC MS (GC-MS PCA (PCA HCA (HCA CSS, CSS , (CSS) (MG (C PC1 PC similarity IC IC5 098 0 98 0.9 078 78 0.7 mL1, mL1 mL 1, 1 respectively 0250 250 0.25 mL- positive control. control . control) albicans collection (CSS 09 9 0. 07 7 025 25 0.2 02 2

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

The history of the discovery, use, and development of dyes is closely linked to the history of humanity itself. Among the first records of human civilization are cave paintings made from, e.g., fruits, plants, minerals, and insects. Over the centuries, using different techniques, colors have been given to all types of materials and products, from clothing to food. The chemicals responsible for colors are dyes - a vast collection of molecules of the most varied compositions, but which have in common the absorption of light within the visible window of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article aims not only to review the properties of some classes of natural dyes, their origins, and their applications but also to describe the various computational chemistry methods involved in designing new bio-inspired molecules. discovery use itself eg e g e.g. fruits plants minerals insects centuries techniques products food compositions spectrum origins bioinspired bio inspired e.g

RESUMO Regiões com climas semiáridos apresentam condições ambientais que resultam em estresses abióticos às plantas. A maior área de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, possui essas características climáticas. O uso de bioestimulantes nesses sistemas de produção pode mitigar os efeitos dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as características fisiológicas e de produção do meloeiro, sob aplicação de bioestimulantes. Os bioestimulantes Acadian®, Folicist® e Nov@® foram aplicados e comparados ao tratamento controle (sem bioestimulantes), em melões ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Nov@® proporcionou maior assimilação de CO2, transpiração e condutância estomática, assim como ascorbato peroxidase em ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Maior catalase foi obtida pela aplicação de Nov@®, enquanto que o uso de Folicist® resultou em maior teor de malondialdeído. A cultivar McLaren apresentou o melhor desempenho fisiológico e bioquímico e a ‘Goldex’ o melhor rendimento. Folicist® promove adaptações fisiológicas aos estresses sem prejudicar a atividade fotossintética. Os bioestimulantes aumentaram a produtividade e o número de frutos por planta e promoveram adaptações fisiológicas às condições semiáridas. plantas Cucumis L. L Brasil Norte climáticas meloeiro Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ bioestimulantes, , bioestimulantes) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren. ‘McLaren . ‘McLaren’ CO2 CO estomática malondialdeído rendimento fotossintética semiáridas

ABSTRACT Regions with semi-arid climates have environmental conditions that result in abiotic stress to plants. The largest melon (Cucumis melo L.) production area in Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Norte, has these climatic characteristics. Use of biostimulants in these production systems can mitigate effects of abiotic stress and increase yield and fruit quality. The objective in this study was to evaluate the physiological and production characteristics of melon, under the application of biostimulants. The biostimulants Acadian®, Folicist® and Nov@® were applied and compared to the control treatment (no biostimulants), in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’ melons. Nov@® led to higher CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, as well as ascorbate peroxidase, in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’. Greater catalase was obtained with the application of Nov@®, while the use of Folicist® resulted in higher malondialdehyde content. The cultivar ‘McLaren’ exhibited the best physiological and biochemical performance, and ‘Goldex’ the best yield. Folicist® promotes physiological adaptations to stress without impairing photosynthetic activity. The biostimulants increased yield and number of fruits per plant and promoted physiological adaptations to semi-arid conditions. semiarid semi arid plants Cucumis L. L Brazil Norte quality Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ no biostimulants, , biostimulants) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren McLaren melons CO assimilation conductance peroxidase ‘McLaren. . content performance activity

RESUMO Devido às importantes funções do cálcio na fisiologia vegetal, a suplementação deste nutriente pode ser uma estratégia viável para aumentar a tolerância das plantas à salinidade. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas e o crescimento de cultivares de rúcula de folhas largas cultivadas em fibra de coco submetidas ao estresse salino. Quatro soluções nutritivas [(S1-solução nutritiva padrão (condutividade elétrica da água - CEa de 0,5 dS m-1; S2- solução nutritiva utilizando água salina com NaCl a 3,5 dS m-1; S3-S2 enriquecida com Ca(NO3)2 a 50%; S4-S2 enriquecido com Ca(NO3)2 a 100%, obtendo valores de 2,3, 5,1, 5,5 e 5,9 dS m-1, para S1, S2, S3 e S4, respectivamente], e duas cultivares de rúcula. (Donatella e Gigante Folha Larga), dispostas em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com três repetições, foram estudadas. As plantas foram colhidas 40 dias após a semeadura e avaliadas quanto às seguintes variáveis: altura de planta, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca total, massa seca total, área foliar específica, suculência foliar, índice relativo de clorofila, condutância estomática, taxa de assimilação de CO2, taxa de transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e eficiência instantânea do uso da água e eficiência intrínseca de carboxilação. A cultivar Gigante Folha Larga foi mais tolerante à salinidade da solução nutritiva. O uso de solução nutritiva salinizada afetou negativamente o crescimento e a fisiologia da rúcula, mas a adição extra de Ca(NO3)2 reduziu os efeitos nocivos da salinidade. Recomenda-se adição extra de 50% de Ca(NO3)2 na solução nutritiva para reduzir o efeito do estresse salino. vegetal Assim salino S1solução Ssolução S1 S condutividade 05 0 5 0, m1 m 1 m-1 S2 35 3 3, S3S2 SS S3-S CaNO32 CaNO Ca NO3 NO Ca(NO3) 50 S4S2 S4 S4-S 100 100% 23 2,3 51 5,1 55 5, 59 9 m1, 1, respectivamente, respectivamente , respectivamente] Donatella Larga, Larga) 4 repetições estudadas variáveis planta total específica clorofila estomática CO transpiração carboxilação Recomendase Recomenda se m- S3S CaNO3 Ca(NO3 S4S 10 2, Ca(NO

ABSTRACT Due to the important functions of calcium in plant physiology, supplementation of this nutrient may be a viable strategy to increase the tolerance of plants to salinity. Thus, the objective in this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and growth of broad-leaf arugula cultivars cultivated in coconut fiber subjected to salt stress. Four nutrient solutions [(S1 - standard nutrient solution (electrical conductivity of water - ECw of 0.5 dS m-1; S2 - nutrient solution using saline water with NaCl at 3.5 dS m-1; S3 - S2 enriched with Ca(NO3)2 at 50%; S4 - S2 enriched with Ca(NO3)2 at 100%, obtaining values of 2.3, 5.1, 5.5, and 5.9 dS m-1, for S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively], and two cultivars of arugula (Donatella and Gigante Folha Larga), arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, were studied. Plants were harvested 40 days after sowing and evaluated for the following variables: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh mass, total dry mass, specific leaf area, leaf succulence, relative chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous water use efficiency, and intrinsic carboxylation efficiency. The cultivar Gigante Folha Larga was more tolerant to salinity of nutrient solution. The use of salinized nutrient solution negatively affected arugula growth and physiology, but the extra addition of Ca(NO3)2 reduced the harmful effects of salinity. Extra addition of 50% of Ca(NO3)2 in the nutrient solution is recommended to reduce the effect of salt stress. physiology Thus broadleaf broad stress S1 S [(S electrical 05 0 5 0. m1 m 1 m-1 35 3 3. CaNO32 CaNO Ca NO3 NO Ca(NO3) 50 100 100% 23 2.3 51 5.1 55 5.5 59 9 5. m1, 1, respectively, respectively , respectively] Donatella Larga, Larga) scheme replicates studied variables height leaves area mass succulence index conductance CO rate concentration efficiency m- CaNO3 Ca(NO3 10 2. Ca(NO

RESUMO Uma das dificuldades encontradas no manejo da cultura é o controle de plantas daninhas, pois existem poucas opções de herbicidas registrados, principalmente em pré-emergência. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a seletividade dos herbicidas préemergentes com diferentes mecanismos de ação para a cultura do trigo. Os experimentos foram divididos em duas etapas: na primeira, foi realizada uma seleção preliminar em casa de vegetação e na segunda, os tratamentos selecionados foram avaliados em campo, visando principalmente a produtividade da cultura. Em casa de vegetação foram avaliadas a fitointoxicação, o estande e a massa seca da parte aérea. Em condições de campo, foram avaliados o estande, o perfilhamento, a altura das plantas, o fechamento do dossel, o rendimento, a massa de mil grãos e o peso hectolitrico. Em estufa, [imazapic + imazapyr], pendimethalin, isoxaflutole, florpyrauxifen e halosulfuron-methyl apresentaram os melhores resultados e foram selecionados para os experimentos em condições de campo. O florpyrauxifen foi o único herbicida que se destacou positivamente na estufa e nas experiências de campo. Isoxaflutole e trifluralin não prejudicaram a cultura em nenhuma das avaliações de campo. Pendimethalin e flumioxazin, embora tenham reduzido o desempenho da cultura em algumas avaliações, forneceram resultados em rendimento, peso de hectolitros e mil massa de grãos equivalente ao controle. Florpyrauxifen (1,08 g ha-1) foi o herbicida mais promissor. Trifluralin (900 g ha-1), pendimethalin (1750 g ha-1), isoxaflutole (60 g ha-1) e flumioxazin (40 e 60 g ha-1) apresentaram um rendimento de grãos equivalente ao controle sem herbicida. daninhas registrados préemergência. préemergência pré emergência. emergência pré-emergência trigo etapas primeira segunda campo fitointoxicação aérea perfilhamento dossel hectolitrico imazapic imazapyr, imazapyr , imazapyr] halosulfuronmethyl halosulfuron methyl 1,08 108 1 08 (1,0 ha1 ha ha-1 promissor 900 (90 ha1, 1750 (175 (6 40 (4 6 1,0 10 0 (1, ha- 90 (9 175 (17 ( 4 1, (1 9 17

ABSTRACT Weed control is a challenge in crop management due to the limited number of registered herbicides, especially for preemergent application. This study aimed to investigate the selectivity of pre-emergent herbicides with different mechanisms of action for wheat. The experiment consisted of two stages: the first involved screening under greenhouse conditions, and the second assessing the selected treatments under field conditions, with a focus on crop yield. Plant phytointoxication, crop stand, and shoot dry weight were assessed in the greenhouse experiment, and tillering, crop stand, plant height, canopy closure, yield, 1000-grain weight, and hectoliter weight in the field. Under greenhouse conditions, [imazapic + imazapyr], pendimethalin, isoxaflutole, florpyrauxifen, and halosulfuron-methyl produced the best results and were selected for the field experiment. Florpyrauxifen was the only herbicide that was selective both in greenhouse and field experiments. Isoxaflutole and trifluralin did not damage wheat in any of the field evaluations. Despite reducing crop performance in some assessments, pendimethalin and flumioxazin provided yield, hectoliter weight, and 1000-grain weight results equivalent to the herbicide-free control. Florpyrauxifen (1.08 g ha-1) was the most promising herbicide. Trifluralin (900 g ha-1), pendimethalin (1750 g ha-1), isoxaflutole (60 g ha-1), and flumioxazin (40 and 60 g ha-1) also produced grain yields equivalent to the control without herbicide. application pre emergent stages conditions yield phytointoxication stand tillering height closure 1000grain 1000 imazapic imazapyr, imazapyr , imazapyr] florpyrauxifen halosulfuronmethyl halosulfuron methyl experiments evaluations assessments herbicidefree free 1.08 108 1 08 (1.0 ha1 ha ha-1 900 (90 ha1, 1750 (175 (6 40 (4 6 100 1.0 10 0 (1. ha- 90 (9 175 (17 ( 4 1. (1 9 17

RESUMO Objetivou-se estudar a fenologia reprodutiva e o requerimento térmico de duas espécies de pitaia nas condições climáticas do extremo Norte da Amazônia. O experimento foi realizado no município de Boa Vista, Roraima durante dois ciclos produtivos (2020/2021 e 2021/2022). Utilizou-se duas espécies de pitaia, a Selenicereus costaricensis, com frutos de casca vermelha e polpa roxa e formato cilíndrico e a Hylocereus polyrhizus, com frutos de casca e polpa vermelha e formato alongado. Selecionou-se 10 plantas de cada espécie, dividindo-as em quatro quadrantes, sendo selecionado 10 cladódios por quadrante e 2 gemas floral por cladódio, totalizando 800 flores por espécie, as quais foram acompanhadas da intumescência da gema até a colheita dos frutos. Avaliou-se os períodos fenológicos da poda até a colheita dos frutos, baseando-se na descrição dos estádios fenológicos da escala Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry (BBCH). As condições climáticas influenciaram as espécies entre os anos, principalmente devido as variações de temperatura do ar no momento da que antecede as fenofases. As variações entre os anos ocasionaram um aumento no ciclo produtivo de 20 dias para S. costaricensis e 34 dias para H. polyrhizus entre o primeiro (2020/2021) e segundo (2021/2022) ano produtivo. As propriedades organolépticas das espécies apresentaram excelentes resultados, como sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relações sólidos solúveis/ acidez titulável, inerente as espécies. A maturidade fisiológica completa de frutos de H. costaricensis e H. polyrhizus ocorre aos 31 e 38 dias após a antese (DAA), quando os frutos apresentam coloração vermelho intenso da casca e da polpa. Objetivouse Objetivou se Amazônia Vista 2020/2021 20202021 2020 2021 (2020/202 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2022 2021/2022) Utilizouse Utilizou alongado Selecionouse Selecionou 1 espécie dividindoas dividindo quadrantes cladódio 80 Avaliouse Avaliou baseandose baseando BBCH. BBCH (BBCH) fenofases S 3 H (2021/2022 resultados solúveis DAA, DAA , (DAA) 2020/202 2020202 202 (2020/20 2021202 2021/202 8 (BBCH (2021/202 (DAA 2020/20 202020 (2020/2 202120 2021/20 (2021/20 2020/2 20202 (2020/ 20212 2021/2 (2021/2 2020/ (2020 2021/ (2021/ (202 (2021 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the reproductive phenology and thermal requirements of two dragon fruit species grown under the climate conditions of northern Amazon. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, during two production cycles (2020-2021 and 20212022). Two dragon fruit species were used: Hylocereus costaricensis, which produces cylindrical fruits with a red skin and purple pulp; and Hylocereus polyrhizus, which produces elongated fruits with red skin and pulp. Ten plants of each species were selected and divided into four quadrants; ten cladodes were selected per quadrant and two flower buds were selected per cladode, totaling 800 flowers for each species. The plants were monitored from the beginning of flower bud intumescence until fruit harvest. Phenological periods were evaluated from production pruning to fruit harvest, based on the phenological stage descriptions of the Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry (BBCH) scale. Climate conditions affected the species over the years, mainly due to variations in air temperature preceding phenophases. Variations between years increased the production cycle in 20 days for H. costaricensis and 34 days for H. polyrhizus from the first (2020-2021) to the second (2021-2022) production year. Organoleptic properties of species showed excellent results, including soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS to TA ratio. Complete physiological maturity of H. costaricensis and H. polyrhizus fruits occurred at 31 and 38 days after anthesis, respectively, when the fruits presented an intense red skin and pulp. Amazon Vista Roraima Brazil 20202021 2020 2021 (2020-202 20212022. 20212022 . 20212022) used pulp quadrants cladode 80 harvest BBCH (BBCH scale phenophases 2 H 3 2022 (2021-2022 year results SS, , (SS) TA, (TA) ratio anthesis respectively 2020202 202 (2020-20 2021202 8 (2021-202 (SS (TA 202020 (2020-2 202120 (2021-20 20202 (2020- 20212 (2021-2 (2020 (2021- (202 (2021 (20 (2 (

RESUMO A salinidade é um fator abiótico que prejudica o crescimento e os mecanismos fisiológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares das plantas. Entre as plantas, a soja é uma cultura importante mundialmente, portanto, o manejo de fatores abióticos é essencial para mitigar os danos às plantas. No entanto, bioestimulantes, como a melatonina, estão sendo usados para aliviar o estresse causado por esses fatores. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, os pigmentos fotossintéticos e as relações hídricas de plantas de soja aplicadas a níveis de salinidade e aplicação exógena de melatonina. A pesquisa foi realizada em área experimental pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do SemiÁrido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação - 0.50, 3.00 e 5.00 dS m-1 e três concentrações de melatonina - 0, 0.5 e 1 mM), com três repetições. Aos 47 dias após o plantio, foram avaliados a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, comprimento radicular, teor de clorofila (a, b e total), conteúdo relativo de água, umidade foliar e extravasamento de eletrólitos. As plantas de soja toleraram os efeitos da salinidade nos aspectos de crescimento, nos pigmentos fotossintéticos e nas relações hídricas até 3,00 dS m-1, independentemente da concentração de melatonina. A aplicação exógena de melatonina mitigou os efeitos do estresse salino na clorofila b e no conteúdo relativo de água, no nível de salinidade de 5.00 dS m-1 e concentração de 1 mM. fisiológicos mundialmente portanto entanto bioestimulantes Portanto SemiÁrido Mossoró RN Brasil casualizados 050 0 50 0.50 300 00 3.0 500 5 5.0 m1 m m- 05 0. mM, mM , mM) repetições 4 plantio planta caule folhas radicular a, (a total, total total) eletrólitos 3,0 m1, 1, 30 3. 5. 3,

ABSTRACT Salinity is an abiotic factor that impairs the growth and physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of plants. Among plants, soybeans are an important crop worldwide, so managing abiotic factors is essential to mitigate plant damage. However, biostimulants, such as melatonin, are being employed to alleviate the stress caused by these factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and water relations of soybean plants subjected to salinity levels and exogenous melatonin application. The research was conducted in experimental area belonging to the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme (three salinity levels in the irrigation water - 0.50, 3.00, and 5.00 dS m-1 and three melatonin concentrations - 0, 0.5, and 1 mM) with three replications. At 47 days after planting, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, chlorophyll content (a, b, and total), relative water content, leaf moisture, and electrolyte leakage were evaluated. Soybean plants tolerated the effects of salinity on growth aspects, photosynthetic pigments, and water relations up to 3.00 dS m-1, regardless of melatonin concentration. Exogenous application of melatonin mitigated the effects of salt stress on chlorophyll b and relative water content at salinity level of 5.00 dS m-1 and concentration of 1 mM. physiological biochemical worldwide damage However biostimulants Therefore pigments SemiArid Semi Arid Region Mossoró RN Brazil blocks 050 0 50 0.50 300 00 500 5 5.0 m1 m m- 05 0.5 mM replications 4 planting height diameter leaves length a, (a total, total , total) moisture evaluated aspects 3.0 m1, 1, 30 5. 0. 3.

RESUMO A batata-doce é uma raiz alimentar vital, rica em vitaminas, minerais e compostos bioativos. Genótipos que atendam a essas demandas nutricionais são essenciais para combater deficiências de nutrientes e promover a saúde humana. Assim, pressupõe-se a hipótese de que os genótipos de batata-doce diferem na qualidade físico-química e nos compostos bioativos quando avaliados sob as mesmas condições ambientais. Deste modo, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade físico-química e os compostos bioativos em genótipos de batata-doce de polpa alaranjada. O experimento foi conduzido de abril de 2022 a agosto de 2022, na área experimental de Engenharia Agronômica, localizada na Unidade Acadêmica Especializada em Ciências Agrárias (UAECA) - UFRN, em Macaíba, RN, Brasil. Os tratamentos foram compostos por oito genótipos, sendo duas cultivares (BRS Amélia e Beauregard) e seis acessos (Macaíba I, Macaíba II, Macaíba III, Macaíba IV, Ceará-Mirim e Natal I) de batata-doce de polpa alaranjada da coleção didática da UAECA. Após a colheita, foram avaliadas as seguintes características: firmeza, elasticidade, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), razão (SS/AT), vitamina C e os compostos bioativos: antocianinas, flavonoides e carotenoides totais. Os genótipos de batata-doce de polpa alaranjada apresentaram características distintas para as variáveis físico-químicas e os compostos bioativos. Devido ao aumento do pH da polpa, as antocianinas foram reduzidas nos genótipos Ceará-Mirim, Macaíba III e Macaíba IV. Os genótipos Macaíba II e Natal I se destacaram quanto à relação SS/AT, flavonoides e antocianinas. Em contrapartida, o genótipo Macaíba III apresentou o maior teor de carotenoides e grande potencial bioativo. batatadoce batata doce vital vitaminas humana Assim pressupõese pressupõe físicoquímica físico química ambientais modo 202 Agronômica UAECA (UAECA UFRN RN Brasil BRS Beauregard IV CearáMirim Ceará Mirim colheita firmeza elasticidade pH, , (pH) AT, AT (AT) SS, SS (SS) SSAT SS/AT (SS/AT) totais físicoquímicas químicas CearáMirim, Mirim, contrapartida bioativo 20 (pH (AT (SS (SS/AT 2

ABSTRACT Sweet potato is a vital food root, rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Genotypes that meet these nutritional demands are essential to combat nutrient deficiencies and promote human health. Thus, it presupposes the hypothesis that sweet potato genotypes differ in physicochemical quality and bioactive compounds when evaluated under the same environmental conditions. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality and bioactive compounds in genotypes of orange-fleshed sweet potato. The experiment was conducted from April 2022 to August 2022 in the experimental area of Agronomic Engineering, located at the Academic Unit Specialized in Agricultural Sciences (UAECA) - UFRN, in Macaíba, RN, Brazil. The treatments were composed of eight genotypes, being two cultivars (BRS Amélia and Beauregard) and six accessions (Macaíba I, Macaíba II, Macaíba III, Macaíba IV, Ceará-Mirim, and Natal I) of orange-fleshed sweet potato from the UAECA teaching collection. After harvest, the following characteristics were evaluated: firmness, elasticity, hydrogen potential (pH), titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), ratio (SS/TA), Vitamin C, and the bioactive compounds: anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total carotenoids. The orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes showed distinct characteristics for the physicochemical variables and the bioactive compounds. Due to increased pulp pH, anthocyanins were reduced in the Ceará-Mirim, Macaíba III, and Macaíba IV genotypes. The Macaíba II and Natal I genotypes stood out regarding the SS/TA ratio, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. In contrast, the Macaíba III genotype had the highest carotenoid content and great bioactive potential. root vitamins minerals health Thus conditions orangefleshed orange fleshed 202 Engineering (UAECA UFRN RN Brazil BRS Beauregard CearáMirim, CearáMirim Ceará Mirim, Mirim Ceará-Mirim collection harvest firmness elasticity pH , (pH) TA, TA (TA) SS, SS (SS) SS/TA, SSTA (SS/TA) C flavonoids carotenoids contrast 20 (pH (TA (SS (SS/TA 2

RESUMO Compostos derivados de petróleo presentes no solo podem comprometer o crescimento das plantas e inibir o desenvolvimento da população microbiana. Esses contaminantes diminuem a porosidade do solo, dificultam a absorção de água e podem interromper processos metabólicos das plantas. Assim, nesta pesquisa buscou-se avaliar os efeitos da presença no solo de três hidrocarbonetos no solo sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de espécies forrageiras e nos indicadores microbiológicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em fatorial de 5×4, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas espécies avaliadas (Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum e Sorghum bicolor), e o segundo fator correspondendo a presença dos contaminantes: benzeno, tolueno ou xileno e solo sem contaminante. As espécies foram cultivadas por 42 dias. A tolerância das espécies dependeu do tipo de contaminante presente no solo. A massa seca total da P. glaucum foi reduzida em 26%, 10% e 32% para o tolueno, benzeno e xileno, respectivamente. Z. mays teve o crescimento reduzido na presença do tolueno (13%) e do benzeno (21%). S. bicolor teve sua matéria seca aumentada em 58% com o xileno. B. ruziziensis e P. maximum foram tolerantes para todos os contaminantes. A magnitude dos efeitos dos contaminantes nos indicadores microbiológicos do solo dependeu da espécie cultivada. A tolerância das plantas e da comunidade microbiana do solo aos contaminantes depende da espécie forrageira utilizada e deve ser aspecto importante para a seleção de plantas para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Assim buscouse buscou se casualizados repetições 54 5 4 5×4 Pennisetum bicolor, , bicolor) dias P 26 26% 10 32 respectivamente Z 13% 13 (13% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) S 58 B cultivada degradadas 5× 2 1 3 (13 (21% (1 (21 ( (2

ABSTRACT Oil-derived compounds present in the soil can compromise plant growth and inhibit the development of the microbial population. These contaminants reduce soil porosity, hinder water absorption, and can disrupt plant metabolic processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the presence of three hydrocarbons in the soil on the growth and development of forage species and on soil microbiological indicators. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a 5×4 factorial, with the first factor consisting of the species evaluated (Pennisetum glaucum, Zea mays, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Panicum maximum and Sorghum bicolor) and the second factor corresponding to the presence of contaminants: benzene, toluene or xylene and soil without contaminants. The species were grown for 42 days. The tolerance of the species depended on the type of contaminant present in the soil. The total dry matter of P. glaucum was reduced by 26%, 10% and 32% for toluene, benzene and xylene, respectively. Z. mays had its growth reduced in the presence of toluene (13%) and benzene (21%). S. bicolor had its dry matter increased by 58% with xylene. B. ruziziensis and P. maximum were tolerant to all contaminants. The magnitude of the effects of contaminants on soil microbiological indicators depended on the species grown. The tolerance of plants and soil microbial community to contaminants depends on the forage species used and should be an important aspect when selecting plants to restore degraded areas. Oilderived Oil derived population porosity absorption processes replications 54 5 4 5× factorial Pennisetum days P 26 26% 10 32 respectively Z 13% 13 (13% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) S 58 B areas 2 1 3 (13 (21% (1 (21 ( (2