Food contamination is a public health problem, and the search for natural additives to increase food stability and safety is challenging. This research aimed to study nanoemulsions produced with coriander essential oil and kefiran, an exopolysaccharide extracted from kefir grains. The composition of coriander essential oil was evaluated, revealing linalool as the main component. An experimental design consisting of six trials was conducted. The NE2 formulation (0.5% kefiran and 1.5% coriander essential oil) exhibited smaller particle size, monodispersity, a lower centrifugal stability coefficient, and higher absolute zeta potential values (> 30 mV), indicating high electrical stability. Morphology, thermal stability, and toxicity tests were performed. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined and applied to commercial cheese. Thermal stability tests demonstrated an increase in the stability of NE2 compared to its individual components, and it was also proven to be non-toxic. The concentration of 25% m v-1 was identified as the minimum bactericidal concentration and was applied to commercial cheese. problem challenging grains evaluated component conducted NE 0.5% 05 0 5 (0.5 15 1 1.5 size monodispersity coefficient > ( 3 mV, mV , mV) Morphology performed cheese components nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic 25 v1 v v- 0.5 (0. 1. 2 0. (0

Resumo Introdução: O Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) é uma pesquisa nacional anual sobre pacientes em diálise crônica que contribui para as políticas de saúde. Objetivo: Informar os dados epidemiológicos de 2022 do CBD da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN). Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em centros brasileiros de diálise por meio de um questionário online que incluiu aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes em diálise crônica, dados da terapia dialítica e características do centro de diálise. Resultados: No total, 28% (n = 243) dos centros de diálise ativos cadastrados na SBN responderam ao questionário. Em julho de 2022, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise era de 153.831. As taxas estimadas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes por milhão (ppm) de habitantes foram 758 e 214, respectivamente. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 95,3% estavam em hemodiálise (HD; 4,6% desses em hemodiafiltração) e 4,7% em diálise peritoneal (DP). Apenas 1,3% dos pacientes não foram vacinados contra a COVID-19. A prevalência de anemia (Hb < 10g/dL) foi de 27% e de hiperfosfatemia (P > 5,5mg/dL) alcançou 30%. A taxa bruta total anual de mortalidade estimada foi de 17,1%. Conclusões: O número absoluto e a taxa de prevalência de pacientes em diálise crônica continuam a aumentar. Um número crescente de pacientes estava em hemodiafiltração. A taxa de mortalidade diminuiu, provavelmente devido ao fim da pandemia da COVID-19. As conclusões foram de um contexto de participação voluntária relativamente baixa, o que impõe limitações metodológicas às nossas estimativas. Introdução (CBD saúde Objetivo 202 SBN. . (SBN) Métodos Resultados 28 n 243 153831 153 831 153.831 ppm (ppm 75 214 respectivamente prevalentes 953 95 3 95,3 HD (HD 46 4 6 4,6 hemodiafiltração 47 7 4,7 DP. DP (DP) 13 1 1,3 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Hb 10g/dL 10gdL gdL 10g dL g 27 P 5,5mg/dL 55mgdL mgdL 5 5mg mg 30 30% 171 17 17,1% Conclusões aumentar diminuiu baixa estimativas 20 (SBN 2 24 15383 15 83 153.83 21 9 95, 4, (DP 1, COVID1 COVID-1 17,1 1538 8 153.8 COVID- 17, 153.

Abstract Introduction: The Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) is an annual national survey about patients on chronic dialysis that contributes to health policies. Objective: To report the 2022 epidemiological data from the BDS of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). Methods: A survey was carried out in Brazilian chronic dialysis centers using an online questionnaire that included clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients on chronic dialysis, dialysis therapy data, and dialysis center characteristics. Results: Overall, 28% (n = 243) of the centers answered the questionnaire. In July 2022, the estimated total number of patients on dialysis was 153,831. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of patients per million population (pmp) were 758 and 214, respectively. Of the prevalent patients, 95.3% were on hemodialysis (HD, 4.6% of these on hemodiafiltration) and 4.7% on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Only 1.3% of patients were not vaccinated against COVID-19. The prevalence of anemia (Hb < 10g/dL) was 27% and hyperphosphatemia (P > 5.5mg/dL) reached 30%. The estimated overall crude annual mortality rate was 17.1%. Conclusions: The absolute number and prevalence rate of patients on chronic dialysis continue to increase. A growing number of patients were receiving hemodiafiltration. The mortality rate decreased, probably due to the end of COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusions were drawn in the context of relatively low voluntary participation, which imposed methodological limitations on our estimates. Introduction (BDS policies Objective 202 BSN. BSN . (BSN) Methods characteristics Results Overall 28 n 243 153831 153 831 153,831 pmp (pmp 75 214 respectively 953 95 3 95.3 HD, HD (HD 46 4 6 4.6 hemodiafiltration 47 7 4.7 PD. PD (PD) 13 1 1.3 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Hb 10g/dL 10gdL gdL 10g dL g 27 P 5.5mg/dL 55mgdL mgdL 5 5mg mg 30 30% 171 17 17.1% Conclusions increase decreased COVID-1 pandemic participation estimates 20 (BSN 2 24 15383 15 83 153,83 21 9 95. 4. (PD 1. COVID1 17.1 COVID- 1538 8 153,8 17. 153,

Low-cost adsorbents promote the valorization of locally sourced waste materials and are still a significant challenge for removing toxic metal ions from industrial effluents. In this sense, Castor (Ricinus communis L.) stalks (CS) were activated with an alkaline solution and tested as an adsorbent to remove nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead ions. A 24-1 factorial design was carried out and showed a correlation and influence of the variables, such as pH, adsorbent mass, agitation rate, and initial concentration in the adsorption process. The adsorbents in their natural, activated, and saturated states were characterized. After activation, X-ray diffraction results revealed a change from cellulose I to cellulose II. The X-ray fluorescence showed that the ion exchange adsorption mechanism occurred. For the kinetic adsorption studies, the equilibrium time was reached up to 15 min. Different isotherm models described the adsorption process, with the Sips model providing the best fit to the experimental data. Five cycles of sorption/desorption using 0.1 mol L-1 HCl elution were carried out with a minimal loss in sorption capacity and physical degradation. Nickel and copper ions exhibited the lowest desorption rates. Due to their efficiency, CS can be a promising and low-cost alternative for removing metal ions. Lowcost Low cost effluents sense Ricinus L. L (CS nickel cadmium 241 24 1 24- variables pH mass rate process natural characterized activation Xray X ray II occurred studies min data sorptiondesorption 01 0 0. L1 L- degradation rates efficiency lowcost low 2

RESUMO Em regiões semiáridas, a utilização de água salina para irrigação, tem se tornado uma realidade cada vez mais frequente em função da escassez qualitativa e quantitativa das fontes hídricas que ocorre na maior parte do ano. Assim, a utilização de peróxido de hidrogênio pode ser uma estratégia capaz de amenizar os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino sobre as plantas e garantir a produção agrícola de culturas, como a gravioleira. Deste modo, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio sobre os índices fisiológicos e de crescimento de plantas de graviola cv. Morada Nova irrigadas com águas de diferentes níveis salinos. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, correspondendo a quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação e quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio, com três repetições. A aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio nas concentrações de 12, 18 e 15µM, respectivamente, atenuaram os efeitos do estresse salino sobre a condutância estomática, a taxa de assimilação de CO2 e a síntese de clorofila a de gravioleira, aos 780 dias após o transplantio. A concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio de 30 µM intensificou o estresse salino sobre as trocas gasosas, a fluorescência variável e o extravasamento de eletrólitos no limbo foliar de plantas de graviola cv. Morada Nova, aos 780 dias após o transplantio. semiáridas ano Assim culturas gravioleira modo objetivouse objetivou cv salinos casualizados repetições 12 1 15µM respectivamente estomática CO 78 transplantio 3 gasosas 7

ABSTRACT In semi-arid regions, the use of saline water for irrigation has become an increasingly frequent reality due to the qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water sources occurring most of the year. Thus, the use of hydrogen peroxide can be a strategy capable of mitigating the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants and guaranteeing the agricultural production of crops such as soursop. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of hydrogen peroxide on the physiological and growth indices of soursop plants cv. Morada Nova irrigated with waters of different salinity levels. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, with three replicates. Foliar application of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 12, 18 and 15 µM, respectively, attenuated the effects of salt stress on stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate and chlorophyll a synthesis of soursop, at 780 days after transplanting. The 30 µM hydrogen peroxide concentration intensified salt stress on gas exchange, variable fluorescence and electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of soursop plants cv. Morada Nova, 780 days after transplanting. semiarid semi arid regions year Thus cv design scheme replicates 12 1 respectively conductance CO 78 transplanting 3 exchange 7

The catalytic oxidation of glycerol was investigated in assays with palladium-silver bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd-Ag) immobilized on cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). Bimetallic nanoparticles were prepared by the galvanic replacement method, immobilized on CoFe2O4 by wet impregnation. Bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoparticles with 35 wt.% Pd content effectively catalyzed the selective oxidation reaction of glycerol to glyceraldehyde. Catalytic oxidation was carried out at 60-80 °C for 2-4 h in an aqueous NaOH solution (NaOH:glycerol ratio = 4 mol:mol) under O2 pressure of 4 bar; the selectivity of glyceraldehyde reached 99.35% and the conversion of glycerol of 49.07% at a temperature of 60 °C and a reaction time of 2 h. Glyceric acid and traces of tartronic acid and mesoxalic acid were also detected. The catalyst was also very stable, showing activity up to 4 runs without significant loss of activity and selectivity. palladiumsilver palladium silver PdAg Ag (Pd-Ag CoFe2O4. CoFeO . CoFe O (CoFe2O4) method CoFe2O impregnation 3 wt wt. 6080 80 60-8 C 24 2- NaOHglycerol molmol mol mol:mol bar 9935 99 99.35 4907 49 07 49.07 6 detected stable (CoFe2O4 608 8 60- 993 9 99.3 490 0 49.0 (CoFe2O 99. 49.

The environmental impact of pharmaceuticals is a significant concern, as understanding their presence, spread, and harm in coastal regions remains limited. The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, mefenamic acid (MFN), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX) were studied in river waters. Four sample collections were carried out in five points in the dry and rainy seasons. Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography using diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were applied to quantify the presence of MFN, DCF and NPX in river water samples. DCF had the highest concentration (640 ng L-1), followed by NPX (410 ng L-1). MFN was not detected in any point within the used working range (limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 µg L-1). Additionally, an assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the pharmaceuticals detected in freshwater, specifically in various organisms including algae, mollusks, amphibians, fish, and cnidarians, spanning different trophic levels. The ecotoxicological assessment showed risks ranging from low to high, indicating deleterious effects on several exposed species. No high environmental risk was detected in the sampling areas. Although no immediate negative effects were detected, the potential impact on non-target species should not be disregarded. concern spread limited nonsteroidal non steroidal antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAIDs, NSAIDs , (NSAIDs) namely (MFN) (DCF (NPX waters seasons SFODME (SFODME HPLCDAD HPLC DAD (HPLC-DAD samples 640 (64 L1, L1 L 1 L-1) 410 (41 L1. . limit LOD (LOD 007 0 07 0.0 Additionally freshwater algae mollusks amphibians fish cnidarians levels areas nontarget target disregarded (NSAIDs (MFN 64 (6 L-1 41 (4 00 0. 6 ( L- 4

Abstract Amyloidosis results from deposition of insoluble fibrillar protein compounds in various organs, including the heart. Cardiac involvement occurs in both atria and ventricles, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), and arrhythmias. Five amyloid proteins affect cardiac tissue: light and heavy chain forms of immunoglobulin, transthyretin (TTR), apolipoprotein 1, and amyloid A. Approximately 95% of cardiac involvement stems from light chain of immunoglobulin and TTR deposition in heart. Chamber stiffness and rhythm disturbances occur in cardiac amyloidosis (CA), encompassing from HF to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and both can compromise each other. It is known that conduction system disorders and VA increase sudden death risk, as amyloid infiltration, inflammation, and fibrosis alter myocardial electrophysiology. Beyond the heart, autonomous nerve systems suffer amyloid deposition, contributing to syncope manifestation and increasing the risk of death and poor prognosis. In this context, our review sheds light on the importance of recognizing syncope and rhythm disturbances as crucial markers in the early identification and management of CA, potentially offering avenues for prompt intervention and improved patient outcomes. organs ventricles cardiomyopathy HF, , (HF) tissue TTR, (TTR) 1 A 95 CA (CA) VA, (VA) other infiltration inflammation electrophysiology prognosis context outcomes (HF (TTR 9 (CA (VA

RESUMO A salinidade é considerada um obstáculo ao sistema de produção que limita o crescimento e a produtividade das culturas em todo o mundo. Dessa forma, é essencial desenvolver estratégias para minimizar os efeitos da salinidade e aumentar a produtividade, especialmente na região semiárida do Nordeste, que possui recursos hídrico limitados de boa qualidade para a irrigação. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de paclobutrazol no cultivo de abobrinha sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 5, sendo dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,6 e 4,0 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de PBZ (0; 2; 4; 6 e 8 g L-1), e com quatro repetições. A aplicação de paclobutrazol de 8 mg L-1 aumenta o diâmetro do caule em abobrinha sob irrigação de 4,0 dS m-1. Os teores de clorofila b e total aumenta com concentração 4 mg L-1 de paclobutrazol e irrigação de 0,6 dS m-1. As concentração de PBZ de 4 mg L-1 eleva o teor relativo de água enquanto reduz o extravasamento de eletrólitos sob salinidade de 4,0 e 0,6 dS m-1 respectivamente. A fitomassa seca da raiz, caule e folha da abobrinha aumenta quando irrigada com água de 0,6 dS m-1 e concentração de 8 mg L-1 de paclobutrazol. As concentrações de PBZ não atenuam os efeitos da salinidade sob as variáveis área foliar, volume e diâmetro de copa, índice de vigor vegetativo, clorofila a e carotenoides. mundo forma Nordeste Objetivouse Objetivou se salino vegetação casualizados 5 06 0 (0, 40 4, m1 m 1 (0 L1, L1 L , L-1) repetições L- m1. 1. 0, m- respectivamente raiz foliar copa vegetativo carotenoides (

ABSTRACT Salinity is considered an obstacle to the production system that limits the growth and yield of crops around the world. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to minimize the effects of salinity and increase yield, especially in the semi-arid region of the Northeast, which has limited water resources of good quality for irrigation. The objective was to evaluate the effects of applying paclobutrazol on zucchini crop under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block experimental design, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two salinity levels of irrigation water (0.6 and 4.0 dS m-1) and five concentrations of paclobutrazol - PBZ (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 g L-1), and with four repetitions. Application of 8 mg L-1 PBZ increases stem diameter in zucchini under irrigation of 4.0 dS m-1. Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents increase with PBZ concentration of 4 mg L-1 and irrigation of 0.6 dS m-1. PBZ concentration of 4 mg L-1 increases the relative water content while reducing electrolyte leakage in zucchini under salinities of 4.0 and 0.6 dS m-1 respectively. Root, stem and leaf dry mass of zucchini increases when plants are irrigated with water of 0.6 dS m-1 and subjected to PBZ concentration of 8 mg L-1. PBZ concentrations do not attenuate the effects of salinity on leaf area, crown volume and diameter, vegetative vigor index, chlorophyll a and carotenoids. world Therefore semiarid semi arid Northeast stress greenhouse design scheme 06 0 (0. 40 4. m1 m 1 (0 L1, L1 L , L-1) repetitions L- m1. 1. 0. m- respectively Root L1. area index carotenoids (

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência aos sulfatos de sódio e magnésio de argamassas geopoliméricas, preparadas com diferentes proporções de ativadores alcalinos de silicato e hidróxido de sódio (Ma), teor de Na2O em relação ao metacaulim (MK) e módulo de sílica (Ms). Além disso, um aditivo incorporador de ar também foi utilizado na tentativa de mitigar os efeitos expansivos do ataque de sulfato por 20 semanas. As propriedades de resistência aos sulfatos foram avaliadas pela mudança no comprimento longitudinal, variação de massa, resistência à compressão, resistência à tração por flexão e microestrutura. As análises MEV/EDS sugerem a formação de caminita e alteração na estrutura do gel de aluminossilicato para M-A-S-(H) em argamassas expostas aos MgSO4, enquanto a tenardita foi indicada como produto deletério em argamassas submetidas aos Na2SO4. Os resultados experimentais também mostraram que a maior quantidade de Na2SiO3 na formulação do geopolímero contribui para uma estrutura mais densa e menor taxa de absorção de água, mas resultou em maior deterioração física e expansão após imersão em sulfato de sódio e magnésio. O aditivo incorporador de ar não minimizou as tensões geradas pelo ataque de sulfato. Em argamassas sintetizadas com Na2O/MK = 15% e Ms = 1,5 (GEO-15-1.5) e Na2O/MK = 22% e Ms = 1,0 e 1,5 (GEO-22-1.0 e GEO-22-1.5), as resistências à compressão foram semelhantes às amostras padrão quando imersas em MgSO4, enquanto na solução de Na2SO4 o aumento na resistência foi atribuído ao refinamento temporário dos poros por cristais de sulfato. geopoliméricas Ma, Ma , (Ma) NaO Na MK (MK Ms. . (Ms) disso 2 semanas longitudinal massa microestrutura MEVEDS MEV EDS MASH M A S H M-A-S-(H MgSO4 MgSO NaSO SO NaSiO SiO Na2SiO água Na2OMK NaOMK 15 1 5 1, GEO151.5 GEO1515 GEO 1.5 (GEO-15-1.5 22 10 0 GEO221.0 GEO2210 1.0 (GEO-22-1. GEO221.5, GEO2215 GEO-22-1.5) Na2SO (Ma (Ms OMK GEO151 GEO151. 1. (GEO-15-1. GEO221 GEO221. (GEO-22-1 GEO221.5 GEO-22-1.5 GEO15 (GEO-15-1 GEO22 (GEO-22- GEO-22-1. GEO1 (GEO-15- GEO2 (GEO-22 GEO-22-1 (GEO-15 (GEO-2 GEO-22- (GEO-1 (GEO- GEO-22 (GEO GEO-2 GEO-

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the resistance to sodium and magnesium sulfates of geopolymeric mortars, prepared with different proportions of alkaline activators of silicate and sodium hydroxide (Ma), Na2O content in relation to metakaolin (MK) and silica modulus (Ms). Additionally, an air-entraining additive was also used in an attempt to mitigate the expansive effects of sulfate attack for 20 weeks. The sulfate resistance properties were evaluated by the change in longitudinal length, mass variation, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, and microstructure. SEM/EDS analyses suggest the formation of caminite and a change in the structure of the aluminosilicate gel to M-A-S-(H) in mortars exposed to MgSO4, while thenardite was indicated as a harmful product in mortars subjected to Na2SO4. The experimental results also showed that the greater amount of Na2SiO3 in the geopolymer formulation contributes to a denser structure and lower water absorption rate, but resulted in greater physical deterioration and expansion after immersion in sodium magnesium sulfate. The air-entraining additive did not minimize the tensions generated by the sulfate attack. In mortars synthesized with Na2O/MK = 15% and Ms = 1.5 (GEO-15-1.5) and Na2O/MK = 22% and Ms = 1.0 and 1.5 (GEO-22-1.0 and GEO-22-1.5), the compressive strengths were similar to standard samples when immersed in MgSO4, while in the Na2SO4 solution the increase in strength was attributed to the temporary refinement of the pores by sulfate crystals. Ma, Ma , (Ma) NaO Na O MK (MK Ms. . (Ms) Additionally airentraining air entraining 2 weeks length variation microstructure SEMEDS SEM EDS MASH M A S H M-A-S-(H MgSO4 MgSO NaSO SO NaSiO SiO Na2SiO rate Na2OMK NaOMK 15 1 5 1. GEO151.5 GEO1515 GEO (GEO-15-1.5 22 10 0 GEO221.0 GEO2210 (GEO-22-1. GEO221.5, GEO2215 GEO-22-1.5) Na2SO crystals (Ma (Ms OMK GEO151 GEO151. (GEO-15-1. GEO221 GEO221. (GEO-22-1 GEO221.5 GEO-22-1.5 GEO15 (GEO-15-1 GEO22 (GEO-22- GEO-22-1. GEO1 (GEO-15- GEO2 (GEO-22 GEO-22-1 (GEO-15 (GEO-2 GEO-22- (GEO-1 (GEO- GEO-22 (GEO GEO-2 GEO-

Introdução: O Brasil possui um vasto território dividido em cinco regiões geográficas com importantes diferenças nos índices sociodemográficos. Nosso objetivo foi apresentar e comparar características sociodemográficas, resultados bioquímicos e prescrição de medicamentos de pacientes em tratamento de hemodiálise crônica (HD) nas cinco regiões geográficas. Métodos: Avaliamos os dados do Registro Brasileiro de Diálise de todos os pacientes adultos submetidos à HD crônica em 2021. As variáveis incluíram características sociodemográficas, níveis séricos de fosfato, cálcio e albumina, hemoglobina, taxa de redução de ureia e prescrição de quelantes de fosfato, eritropoietina e ferro intravenoso. Os dados das regiões Norte e Nordeste foram combinados em um único grupo. Resultados: Foi analisado um total de 13.792 pacientes (57,9 ± 16,0 anos, 58,5% do sexo masculino, mediana de tempo de HD de 31 (11–66) meses) de 73 centros de diálise. A distribuição regional foi de 59,5% dos pacientes provenientes do Sudeste; 21,7% do Sul; 5,9% do Centro-Oeste; e 12,9% do Norte/Nordeste. As características sociodemográficas, os resultados bioquímicos e as prescrições de medicamentos diferiram entre as regiões. A prevalência de pacientes idosos foi menor nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte/Nordeste. A região Sul apresentou a maior prevalência de hiperfosfatemia (41,2%) e taxa de redução de ureia < 65% (24,8%), enquanto a anemia e a hipoalbuminemia foram mais prevalentes no Sudeste, 32,7% e 11,6%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Encontramos diferenças nos dados sociodemográficos, nas características clínicas e prescrições de medicamentos nas regiões geográficas brasileiras. Alguns achados refletem a diversidade sociodemográfica do país, enquanto outros demandam maiores esclarecimentos. Introdução sociodemográficos sociodemográficas (HD Métodos 2021 fosfato albumina hemoglobina intravenoso grupo Resultados 13792 13 792 13.79 57,9 579 57 9 (57, 160 16 0 16, anos 585 58 5 58,5 masculino 3 11–66 1166 11 66 (11–66 meses 7 diálise 595 59 59,5 Sudeste 217 21 21,7 5,9 CentroOeste Centro Oeste 129 12 12,9 NorteNordeste Norte/Nordeste 41,2% 412 41 2 (41,2% 65 24,8%, 248 24,8% , 24 8 (24,8%) 327 32 32,7 116 6 11,6% respectivamente Conclusão brasileiras país esclarecimentos 202 1379 1 79 13.7 57, (57 58, 11–6 (11–6 59, 21, 5, 12, 41,2 4 (41,2 24,8 (24,8% 32, 11,6 20 137 13. (5 11– (11– 41, (41, 24, (24,8 11, ( (11 (41 (24, (1 (4 (24 (2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Brazil has a vast territory divided into five geographic regions with important differences in sociodemographic indices. We aimed to present and compare socio-demographic characteristics, biochemical results, and drug prescription of patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment in the five geographic regions. Methods: We evaluated data from the Brazilian Dialysis Registry of all adult patients undergoing chronic HD in 2021. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, serum levels of phosphate, calcium, and albumin, hemoglobin, urea reduction rate, and prescription of phosphate binders, erythropoietin, and intravenous iron. Data from the North and Northeast regions were combined into one group. Results: A total of 13,792 patients (57.9 ± 16.0 years old, 58.5% male, median HD vintage of 31 (11–66) months) from 73 dialysis centers were analyzed. Regional distribution was 59.5% in the Southeast; 21.7% in the South; 5.9% in the Midwest; and 12.9% in the North/Northeast. Sociodemographic features, biochemical results, and medication prescriptions differed across regions. The prevalence of elderly patients was lower in the Midwest and North/Northeast. The South region had the highest prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (41.2%) and urea reduction rate <65% (24.8%), while anemia and hypoalbuminemia were more prevalent in the Southeast, 32.7% and 11.6%, respectively. Conclusion: We found differences in socio-demographics, clinical features, and drug prescriptions across Brazilian geographic regions. Some findings reflect the socio-demographic diversity of the country, while others deserve further elucidation. Introduction indices socio demographic characteristics results (HD Methods 2021 calcium albumin hemoglobin binders erythropoietin iron group Results 13792 13 792 13,79 57.9 579 57 9 (57. 160 16 0 16. old 585 58 5 58.5 male 3 11–66 1166 11 66 (11–66 months 7 analyzed 595 59 59.5 Southeast 217 21 21.7 5.9 129 12 12.9 NorthNortheast North/Northeast features 41.2% 412 41 2 (41.2% 65 <65 24.8%, 248 24.8% , 24 8 (24.8%) 327 32 32.7 116 6 11.6% respectively Conclusion sociodemographics, sociodemographics demographics, demographics socio-demographics country elucidation 202 1379 1 79 13,7 57. (57 58. 11–6 (11–6 59. 21. 5. 12. 41.2 4 (41.2 <6 24.8 (24.8% 32. 11.6 20 137 13, (5 11– (11– 41. (41. < 24. (24.8 11. ( (11 (41 (24. (1 (4 (24 (2

RESUMO Introdução: O Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) constitui importante fonte de dados nacionais sobre pessoas em diálise crônica que contribui para a formulação de políticas de saúde. Objetivo: Relatar dados epidemiológicos de 2021 do CBD da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN). Métodos: Realizou-se pesquisa em centros brasileiros de diálise crônica utilizando questionário online abrangendo aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes em diálise crônica, dados sobre terapia dialítica, características dos centros de diálise e o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 em 2021. Resultados: Trinta por cento (n = 252) dos centros responderam ao questionário. Em Julho de 2021, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise foi 148.363. As taxas estimadas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes por milhão da população (pmp) foram 696 e 224, respectivamente. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 94,2% estavam em hemodiálise (HD) (1,8% destes em hemodiafiltração), e 5,8% em diálise peritoneal (DP); 21% estavam na lista de espera para transplante. A taxa de incidência de COVID-19 confirmada entre Janeiro e Julho de 2021 foi 1.236/10.000 pacientes em diálise, e a taxa de letalidade atingiu 25,5%. Até Julho de 2021, 88,6% dos pacientes haviam recebido pelo menos uma dose da vacina anti-SARS-CoV-2. As taxas estimadas de mortalidade bruta anual geral e por COVID-19 foram de 22,3% e 5,3%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O número absoluto e a taxa de prevalência de pacientes em diálise crônica continuam aumentando. A maioria dos pacientes em diálise foram vacinados contra COVID-19 durante o ano. A pandemia COVID-19 contribuiu com a taxa de mortalidade geral. Introdução (CBD saúde Objetivo 202 SBN. SBN . (SBN) Métodos Realizouse Realizou se dialítica COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Resultados n 252 148363 148 363 148.363 pmp (pmp 69 224 respectivamente prevalentes 942 94 2 94,2 HD (HD 1,8% 18 1 8 (1,8 hemodiafiltração, hemodiafiltração , hemodiafiltração) 58 5 5,8 DP (DP) 21 transplante 123610000 236 10 000 1.236/10.00 255 25 25,5% 886 88 6 88,6 antiSARSCoV2. antiSARSCoV2 antiSARSCoV anti SARS CoV 2. anti-SARS-CoV-2 223 22 3 22,3 53 5,3% Conclusão aumentando ano 20 (SBN COVID1 COVID- 14836 14 36 148.36 9 94, 1,8 (1, 5, (DP 12361000 23 00 1.236/10.0 25,5 88, anti-SARS-CoV- 22, 5,3 1483 148.3 1, (1 1236100 0 1.236/10. 25, anti-SARS-CoV 148. ( 123610 1.236/10 12361 1.236/1 1236 1.236/ 123 1.236 12 1.23 1.2 1.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) is an important source of national data about people on chronic dialysis that contributes to the formulation of health policies regarding kidney failure. Objective: To report the 2021 epidemiological data from the BDS of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). Methods: A survey was carried out in Brazilian chronic dialysis centers using an online questionnaire covering clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients in chronic dialysis, data on dialysis therapy, characteristics of dialysis centers, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2021. Results: Thirty percent (n = 252) of the centers answered the questionnaire. In July 2021, the estimated total number of patients on dialysis was 148,363. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of patients per million population (pmp) were 696 and 224, respectively. Of the prevalent patients, 94.2% were on hemodialysis (HD) (1.8% of these on hemodiafiltration), and 5.8% on peritoneal dialysis (PD); 21% were on the transplant waiting list. The incidence rate of confirmed COVID-19 between January and July 2021 was 1,236/10,000 dialysis patients, and the case-fatality rate reached 25.5%. Up to July 2021, 88.6% of patients had received at least one dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The estimated overall and COVID-19 crude annual mortality rates were 22.3% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The absolute number and the prevalence rate of patients on chronic dialysis continue to increase. Most dialysis patients were vaccinated against COVID-19 during the year. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated to the overall mortality rate. Introduction (BDS failure Objective 202 BSN. BSN . (BSN) Methods therapy COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Results n 252 148363 148 363 148,363 pmp (pmp 69 224 respectively 942 94 2 94.2 HD (HD 1.8% 18 1 8 (1.8 hemodiafiltration, hemodiafiltration , hemodiafiltration) 58 5 5.8 PD (PD) 21 list 123610000 236 10 000 1,236/10,00 casefatality case fatality 255 25 25.5% 886 88 6 88.6 antiSARSCoV2 antiSARSCoV anti SARS CoV anti-SARS-CoV- vaccine 223 22 3 22.3 53 5.3% Conclusion increase year 20 (BSN COVID1 COVID- 14836 14 36 148,36 9 94. 1.8 (1. 5. (PD 12361000 23 00 1,236/10,0 25.5 88. anti-SARS-CoV 22. 5.3 1483 148,3 1. (1 1236100 0 1,236/10, 25. 148, ( 123610 1,236/10 12361 1,236/1 1236 1,236/ 123 1,236 12 1,23 1,2 1,

Resumo Introdução: A hipercalemia é uma condição multifatorial comum em pessoas em diálise crônica e está associada à mortalidade. Nosso objetivo foi informar e discutir a prevalência de hipercalemia em uma grande população de pacientes em diálise crônica no Brasil e diferenças entre as regiões geográficas. Métodos: A prevalência de hipercalemia (potássio sérico ≥6,0 mEq/L) foi avaliada por meio do Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) em Julho de 2019, uma pesquisa online de participação voluntária na qual foram convidados todos os centros de diálise registrados na Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. Resultados: Aproximadamente um terço (n=263 de 805) das clínicas de diálise brasileiras participaram. A prevalência de hipercalemia na população total foi de 16,1% (n=7.457 de 46.193; IC95%=15,8-16,5%), e variou de 12,1% no Norte a 18,7% no Nordeste. Conclusão: Encontramos uma elevada prevalência de hipercalemia em umagrande população brasileira em diálise crônica. É necessária uma investigação nacional dos fatores de risco, opções de tratamento e se esta alta prevalência contribui para a mortalidade desta população. Introdução geográficas Métodos potássio 60 6 0 ≥6, mEq/L mEqL mEq L CBD (CBD 2019 Nefrologia Resultados n=263 n263 n 263 (n=26 805 participaram 161 16 1 16,1 n=7.457 n7457 7 457 (n=7.45 46.193 46193 46 193 IC95%=15,816,5%, IC95158165 IC IC95%=15,8 16,5% , IC95 15 8 5 IC95%=15,8-16,5%) 121 12 12,1 187 18 18,7 Nordeste Conclusão risco ≥6 201 n=26 n26 26 (n=2 80 16, n=7.45 n745 45 (n=7.4 46.19 4619 4 19 816 IC95%=15,816,5% IC9515816 IC95158 IC95%=15, 165 16,5 IC9 IC95%=15,8-16,5% 12, 18, ≥ 20 n=2 n2 2 (n= n=7.4 n74 (n=7. 46.1 461 81 IC95%=15,816,5 IC951581 IC9515 IC95%=15 IC95%=15,8-16,5 n= (n n=7. n7 (n=7 46. IC95%=15,816, IC951 IC95%=1 IC95%=15,8-16, n=7 IC95%=15,816 IC95%= IC95%=15,8-16 IC95%=15,81 IC95% IC95%=15,8-1 IC95%=15,8-

Abstract Introduction: Hyperkalemia is a common multifactorial condition of people on chronic dialysis and is associated with mortality. We aimed to inform and discuss the prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large population of chronic dialysis patients in Brazil and its geographic regions. Methods: Prevalence of hyperkalemia (serum potassium ≥6.0 mEq/L) was assessed in the Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) in July 2019, an online survey of voluntary participation in which all dialysis centers registered at the Brazilian Society of Nephrology were invited. Results: Approximately one-third (n=263 of 805) of the Brazilian dialysis clinics participated. The prevalence of hyperkalemia in the whole population was 16.1% (n=7,457 of 46,193; 95%CI=15.8-16.5%,), and varied from 12.1% in the North to 18.7% in the Northeast. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large Brazilian chronic dialysis population. A nationwide investigation of risk factors, treatment options, and whether this high prevalence contributes to dialysis mortality is warranted. Introduction regions Methods serum 60 6 0 ≥6. mEq/L mEqL mEq L BDS (BDS 2019 invited Results onethird one third n=263 n263 n 263 (n=26 805 participated 161 16 1 16.1 n=7,457 n7457 7 457 (n=7,45 46,193 46193 46 193 95%CI=15.816.5%,, 95CI158165 CI 95%CI=15.8 16.5%, , 95 15 8 5 95%CI=15.8-16.5%,) 121 12 12.1 187 18 18.7 Northeast Conclusion factors options warranted ≥6 201 n=26 n26 26 (n=2 80 16. n=7,45 n745 45 (n=7,4 46,19 4619 4 19 816 95%CI=15.816.5%, 95CI15816 95CI158 95%CI=15. 165 16.5% 9 95%CI=15.8-16.5%, 12. 18. ≥ 20 n=2 n2 2 (n= n=7,4 n74 (n=7, 46,1 461 81 95%CI=15.816.5% 95CI1581 95CI15 95%CI=15 16.5 95%CI=15.8-16.5% n= (n n=7, n7 (n=7 46, 95%CI=15.816.5 95CI1 95%CI=1 95%CI=15.8-16.5 n=7 95%CI=15.816. 95CI 95%CI= 95%CI=15.8-16. 95%CI=15.816 95%CI 95%CI=15.8-16 95%CI=15.81 95%CI=15.8-1 95%CI=15.8-

RESUMO Plantas cultivadas sob salinidade estão sujeitas a muitos distúrbios morfológicos e fisiológicos. Neste sentido, práticas que possam viabilizar o uso de águas salinas são essenciais. Os efeitos deletérios da salinidade podem ser mitigados ao utilizar microrganismos benéficos, especialmente bactérias diazotróficas. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inoculação e co-inoculação bacteriana utilizando Bradyrhizobium spp. e Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento, nodulação e produção de feijão-caupi sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4 × 5, sendo quatro fontes de nitrogênio (F1 - sem nitrogênio e sem inoculante; F2 - adubação com nitrogênio mineral e sem inoculante; F3 - inoculação de Bradyrhizobium ssp. e F4 - coinoculação de Bradyrhizobium ssp. e Azospirillum brasilense) e cinco valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,4; 1,9; 3,4; 4,9 e 6,4 dS m-1), com cinco repetições. A coinoculação com Azospirillum brasilense e Bradyrhizobium favoreceu o crescimento, a produção e a nodulação de plantas de feijão caupi quando irrigadas até CEa de 0,4 dS m-1. O aumento da condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação afetou negativamente o crescimento, a produção e a nodulação de plantas de feijão Caupi da variedade Corujinha independentemente da fonte de nitrogênio utilizada.

ABSTRACT Plants grown under salinity are subject to many morphological and physiological disorders. In this context, practices that can enable the use of saline water are essential. The deleterious effects of salinity can be mitigated by using beneficial microorganisms, especially diazotrophic bacteria. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation and co-inoculation using Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense on the growth, nodulation and production of cowpea under salt stress. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design, in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four nitrogen sources (N1 - without nitrogen and without inoculant; N2 - fertilization with mineral nitrogen and without inoculant; N3 - inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp.; and N4 - co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense) and five values of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.4, 1.9, 3.4, 4.9 and 6.4 dS m-1), with five replicates. Co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium spp. favors the growth, production and nodulation of cowpea plants up to ECw of 0.4 dS m-1. Increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water negatively affects the growth, production and nodulation of cowpea plants in Corujinha variety, regardless of the nitrogen source used.

The dielectric barrier discharge ionization detector (BID) is one of the most modern detectors commercially available for gas chromatography (GC). Its technology based on the sample ionization through the energy released from the helium plasma generation process gives it the ability to act as a universal detector and a greater response to various types of compounds compared to the well-established flame ionization detector (FID). In this study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphates (OPPs) and organochlorines pesticides (OCPs) were investigated. The parameters that could explain the performance of the BID and FID detectors were: structural factors, ionization energy (IE) and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), which were obtained by density functional theory (DFT). The relative (BID/FID) responses to PAHs and pesticides were about 1.8 and 3.0 times greater than FID, respectively. Less structural dependence of the BID signal compared to the FID signal was observed. Among the parameters calculated by DFT, the IE was the one that most seemed to have influenced the response of the two detectors studied. The theoretical data proved to be quite consistent to explain the trends observed experimentally, especially to the BID.