Ecosystems on cangas (duricrust) present considerable heterogeneity of habitats due to microtopographic variations, soil accumulation and a variety of plant functional groups. Therefore, spatial and temporal ecosystem processes such as litterfall are to be expected to be large, and the absence of a level of productivity represents all the facets of iron-rich landscapes. We investigated litterfall in a iron-rich rock complex in the Iron Quadrangle of Brazil, with habitats formed on different evolutionary stages of the soil, resulting in a gradient of biomass, canopy cover and community structure. The measurements were made in open field areas, dominated by herb-shrub vegetation and interspersed with islands of dense vegetation in which there were individual trees, as well as in areas of semideciduous forest. The litterfall, especially that of leaf litter, followed the gradient of woody cover and was approximately two times greater in the forest formation. However, the spatial and temporal variations in deposition were greatest in the herb-shrub areas and least in the semideciduous forest area, intermediate values being obtained for the tree island areas. The peaks in litterfall also varied among habitats, occurring in some periods of the rainy season and during the transition from rainy to dry in the herb-shrub and tree island areas, whereas they occurred at the end of the dry season in the semideciduous forest area. The results show significant differences in the patterns of litterfall among different physiognomies within the same iron-rich rock complex, indicating the need for expanded studies, focusing on the flow of matter and energy in such environments.

A região do QF, em Minas Gerais, tornou-se internacionalmente conhecida pela exploração de ouro no século XVIII. Nesse artigo, serão apresentados valores de referência (background) para o arsênio em sedimentos aluviais provenientes de áreas que foram intensamente afetadas pela exploração de ouro no passado, contidas na bacia do ribeirão do Carmo. A análise da sucessão faciológica dos perfis aluviais foi realizada em depósitos sedimentares de planícies de inundação, barrancos de rios (cutbank) e terraços aluviais e foi o alicerce para a obtenção do valor de referência do arsênio em depósitos de fácies de canal e de planícies de inundação. A partir do conhecimento do valor de referência obtido pelo método estatístico, com base na confecção de curvas de freqüência acumulada em escala linear, foram gerados mapas geoquímicos no sistema SIG. A obtenção do valor de referência e do mapa geoquímico do arsênio, na bacia do ribeirão do Carmo, com representação das áreas com concentrações anômalas desse elemento, é fundamental para o diagnóstico e planejamento ambiental de um distrito mineiro potencialmente contaminado por arsênio.

The Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, in the State of Minas Gerais, became internationally known due to the exploitation of gold in the eighteenth century. In this paper, we will present background values for arsenic in alluvial sediments from areas that were heavily affected by the exploitation of gold in the past, in the Carmo River Basin. The analyses of the facies succession of the alluvial profiles were carried out in the sedimentary deposits of flood plains, cutbank and alluvial terraces; this being the foundation for obtaining the arsenic background in the facies of the channel and flood plains. From the knowledge of the background obtained by the statistical method, and based on the construction of cumulative frequency curves on a linear scale, geochemical maps were generated in the SIG system. The acquisition of the background values and the geochemical map for arsenic in the Carmo River Basin, representing areas with anomalous concentrations of this element, are essential for the diagnosis and environmental planning of a mining district potentially contaminated by arsenic.

Na região de Ouro Preto observa-se significativa presença de garimpos de topázio. Essa atividade caracteriza-se pela utilização de técnicas rudimentares e sem controle de descarte dos rejeitos. Entre os danos causados ao meio físico e biótico estão o desmatamento; geração de pilhas de rejeito, aumento expressivo da concentração de finos transportados e assoreamento dos cursos d'água. Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo hidrogeoquímico para avaliar a qualidade das águas do rio Ponte e seus principais tributários, localizados no distrito de Rodrigo Silva, importante produtor de topázio imperial na região de Ouro Preto. Amostras de água foram analisadas para pH, Eh, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, alcalinidade, cloretos, sulfatos, metais (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, V, Y e Zn) e material particulado em suspensão. Os resultados mostram que o principal problema da área são os altos valores de turbidez, que estão associados à presença de sólidos em suspensão introduzidos pelo garimpo (chegando a 2,9 g.L-1). Esse material representa uma fase importante capaz de carrear metais no compartimento aquático.

Around the Ouro Preto region, State of Minas Gerais Brazil, there is a significant presence of topaz prospecting. This activity is characterized by the use of rudimentary techniques without any tailing disposal control. Among the environmental impacts are: deforestation, tailing generation and accumulation, introduction of suspended fine particulate matter to the water and silting up of streams. In this work a hydrochemical study was carried out aiming to assess the water quality of the Ponte River and its tributaries. Water samples were analyzed for pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, sulfate, metals (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, V, Y and Zn) and suspended particulate matter. The results show that the main problem in the area is the high turbidity values, which are associated with the presence of suspended solids introduced by the prospecting activity (reaching a concentration of up to 2.9 g.L-1). This fact represents an important facto, since it demonstrates that metals are being deposited in the aquatic atmosphere.