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Abstract Objective Evaluate autonomic function and low-grade inflammation and characterize the correlation between these variables in schoolchildren with obesity living in the Brazilian northeast region. Methods 84 children with obesity and 41 with normal weight were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure (BP), inflammatory biomarkers, and heart rate variability (HRV) indexes were analyzed in children aged 7 to 11 years. Results children with obesity had increased systolic (p= 0.0017) and diastolic (p= 0.0131) BP and heart rate (p= 0.0022). The children with obesity displayed significantly lower SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, HF (ms), HF (nu), SD1, SD2, and higher LF (ms), LF (nu), LF/HF, SD1/SD2, DFA-α1, and DFA-α2, compared to normal weight. A lower and higher capacity for producing IL-10 (p= 0.039) and IL-2 (p= 0.009), respectively, were found in children with obesity compared to children with normal weight. Although IL-2, IL-4 and IL17A did not correlate with HRV parameters, IL-6 was positively correlated with SDNN, LF (ms) and SD2, TNF-α was positively correlated with LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratio, and IFN-γ was positively correlated with SDNN, RMMSSD, NN50, LF (ms), HF (ms), SD1, and SD2. Conclusions The findings suggest that children with obesity have impaired autonomic function and systemic low-grade inflammation compared to children within the normal weight range, the inflammatory biomarkers were correlated with HRV parameters in schoolchildren living in the northeastern region of Brazil. lowgrade low grade 8 4 crosssectional cross sectional study Anthropometry composition BP, , (BP) (HRV 1 years p= p (p 0.0017 00017 0 0017 0.0131 00131 0131 0.0022. 00022 0.0022 . 0022 0.0022) SDNN RMSSD NN50 NN ms, ms nu, nu (nu) SD1 SD SD2 LFHF SD1SD2 SDSD DFAα1, DFAα1 DFAα DFA α1, α1 α DFA-α1 DFAα2, DFAα2 α2, α2 DFA-α2 IL10 IL 10 IL-1 0.039 0039 039 IL2 2 IL- 0.009, 0009 0.009 009 0.009) respectively IL2, 2, IL4 ILA IL6 6 (ms TNFα TNF SD1/SD ratio IFNγ IFN γ RMMSSD range Brazil (BP 0.001 0001 001 0.013 0013 013 0002 0.002 002 NN5 (nu SD1SD DFA-α IL1 0.03 003 03 000 0.00 00 0.01 01 0.0 0.