ABSTRACT The changes brought about by globalization mean that young people are increasingly prepared not only intellectually, but also financially. From the point of view of financial education, its importance for the development of the quality of life of young people in higher education is described. The main objective of the research is to describe the results of researches that were conducted on financial education in young people of higher education taking into consideration researches published between the period of 2017-2022. The research corresponds to a documentary design. Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, Alicia and Google Scholar were searched. Some research has related the type of university career, the level of indebtedness, technological gap or use of ICT, materialism and gender inequality. The study leads to the conclusion that the development of financial education is fundamental in the training of higher education students because it will allow them to have knowledge that can be related between theory and practice.

RESUMEN Los cambios por la globalización generan que los jóvenes estén cada vez más preparados no solo a nivel intelectual, sino también financiero. Desde el punto de vista de la educación financiera se describe su importancia para el desarrollo de la calidad de vida de los jóvenes de educación superior. El objetivo principal de la investigación es describir los resultados de las investigaciones que se realizaron sobre educación financiera en jóvenes de educación superior teniendo en consideración investigaciones publicadas entre el periodo de 2017-2022. La investigación corresponde a un diseño documental. Se realizaron búsquedas en Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, Alicia y Google Académico. En algunas investigaciones se ha relacionado el tipo de carrera universitaria, el nivel de endeudamiento, brecha tecnológica o uso de las TIC, materialismo y desigualdad de género. El estudio permite concluir que, es fundamental el desarrollo de la educación financiera en la formación de los estudiantes de educación superior porque les permitirá tener conocimientos que puedan relacionar entre la teoría y la práctica.

This policy brief document utilised an original published study from three academic hospitals in South Africa (SA) and all relevant published literature to develop recommendations on several strategies, summarised by the acronym 'PRACTICE', to optimise antimicrobial prescribing practices. These include implementing standardised policies for empirical antimicrobial use, routine review of antimicrobial therapy, age-specific antimicrobial stewardship programmes and continued collaborative efforts and research. Individualised treatment plans, improved infection prevention and control measures, ongoing surveillance and exploring electronic technology for antimicrobial stewardship are also crucial in combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and improving patient outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as SA.

RESUMO Objetivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar o uso de dados dos sistemas de informações em saúde de rotina (RHIS, na sigla em inglês) como um bem público em Trinidad e Tobago, os desafios existentes e as oportunidades para fortalecer o sistema de informações em saúde. Método. Neste estudo qualitativo descritivo, foi utilizada amostragem intencional para recrutar 19 pessoas que usassem ou produzissem dados de RHIS. As entrevistas on-line foram realizadas via Zoom, e todas as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. Foram usados pseudônimos para proteger a identidade dos participantes. As transcrições foram limpas e analisadas com o Dedoose (v. 9.0.17; Dedoose, Los Angeles, CA, EUA). Resultados. Havia grande subutilização dos dados de RHIS como um bem público, principalmente devido aos desafios relacionados ao acesso aos dados e à sua qualidade. O acesso aos dados era dificultado por processos burocráticos onerosos, sistemas de registro e armazenamento em papel e preocupações com a propriedade e a segurança. A qualidade dos dados foi afetada negativamente pela falta de formulários e processos padronizados de coleta de dados, capacitação da equipe e completude dos dados, além de restrições tecnológicas e de infraestrutura. Algumas das oportunidades cruciais para aumentar o uso de dados de RHIS de Trinidad e Tobago incluem resolver a necessidade de um sistema nacional de informações eletrônicas em saúde, garantir uma capacitação adequada para a equipe envolvida no gerenciamento dos dados e elaborar um plano abrangente de monitoramento e avaliação. Conclusões. É preciso melhorar a qualidade dos dados e o acesso a eles de forma a permitir a ampliação do uso de dados de RHIS como um bem público em Trinidad e Tobago. Os planos de transição de um sistema de registro e armazenamento de dados em papel para um sistema nacional de registro e armazenamento eletrônico de dados devem ser acelerados, e isso deve estar aliado à padronização dos processos e a investimentos em uma força de trabalho adequada e em capacitação oportuna. Também é necessário dispor de suporte tecnológico e de infraestrutura adequado, bem como um sistema aprimorado de governança de dados.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el uso de los datos de los sistemas de información de salud habituales como un bien público en Trinidad y Tabago, los desafíos que ello supone y las oportunidades que brinda para el fortalecimiento del sistema de información de salud. Método. En este estudio cualitativo descriptivo se utilizó un muestreo dirigido para reclutar a 19 personas que usaban o generaban datos de sistemas de información de salud habituales. Se realizaron entrevistas en línea mediante Zoom y todas ellas se grabaron y transcribieron. Se utilizaron seudónimos para proteger la identidad de los participantes. Las transcripciones se depuraron y analizaron con Dedoose (v. 9.0.17; Dedoose, Los Ángeles, CA, EE. UU.) Resultados. Había una importante infrautilización de los datos de los sistemas de información de salud habituales como bien público debido, ante todo, a problemas relacionados con el acceso a los datos y con su calidad. El acceso a los datos se veía obstaculizado por los procesos burocráticos engorrosos, los sistemas de registro y almacenamiento en papel y los problemas respecto a su propiedad y seguridad. La calidad de los datos se veía dificultada por la falta de formularios y procesos estandarizados para la recopilación de datos, capacitación del personal y exhaustividad de los datos, así como por limitaciones tecnológicas y de infraestructura. Entre las principales oportunidades existentes para aumentar el uso de los datos de sistemas de información de salud habituales en Trinidad y Tabago se encontrarían las de abordar la necesidad de un sistema nacional de información de salud electrónico, garantizar una capacitación adecuada para el personal implicado en la gestión de datos y elaborar un plan integral de seguimiento y evaluación. Conclusiones. Es preciso mejorar la calidad de los datos y de la forma de acceder a ellos para permitir un mayor aprovechamiento de los datos de los sistemas de información de salud habituales como bien público en Trinidad y Tabago. Se debe acelerar la transición prevista de un sistema de registro y almacenamiento de datos en papel a un sistema electrónico nacional; esto debe ir acompañado de una estandarización de los procesos y de inversiones para una dotación de personal adecuada, así como de capacitación en el momento oportuno. También es necesario contar con el apoyo tecnológico y de infraestructuras adecuado, junto con un mejor sistema de gobernanza de datos.

ABSTRACT Objective. This study aimed to explore the use of data from routine health information systems (RHIS) as a public good in Trinidad and Tobago, the challenges faced in doing this and opportunities for strengthening the health information system. Methods. For this descriptive qualitative study, purposive sampling was utilized to recruit 19 people who used or produced RHIS data. Online interviews were conducted via Zoom, and all interviews were recorded and transcribed. Pseudonyms were used to protect participants’ identity. Transcripts were cleaned and analyzed using Dedoose (v. 9.0.17; Dedoose, Los Angeles, CA, USA). Results. There was significant underutilization of RHIS data as a public good, primarily due to challenges related to data access and quality. Access to the data was stymied by burdensome bureaucratic processes, paper-based recording and storage systems, and ownership and security concerns. Data quality was adversely affected by a lack of standardized data collection forms and processes, staff training, data completeness, and also by technological and infrastructural constraints. Key opportunities for increasing the use of Trinidad and Tobago’s RHIS data would include addressing the need for a national electronic health information system, ensuring adequate training for staff involved in data management, and developing a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation plan. Conclusions. Data quality and access must be improved to enable greater use of RHIS data as a public good in Trinidad and Tobago. The planned change from a paper-based to a national electronic data recording and storage system must be expedited, and it should be accompanied by the standardization of processes, and investments in adequate staffing and timely training. Appropriate technological and infrastructural support, as well as an improved data governance system, are also required.

ABSTRACT This case series describes four patients who presented with retinal and optic nerve vascular occlusions after administration of different COVID-19 vaccines. The first patient received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222; Oxford/AstraZeneca) and 42 days later developed central retinal artery occlusion. The second patient developed a painless visual impairment in the left eye and was diagnosed with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy 6 days after receiving the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine. The third patient presented with the same condition 22 days after receiving the third dose of the COVID-19 Pfizer (Comirnaty®) vaccine. The fourth patient developed bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis after receiving the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. The purpose of this case series is to discuss the possibility of a causal association between ischemic eye alterations and COVID-19 virus vaccination. Long-term follow-up and evaluation of similar cases will help elucidate the degree of the association between the vaccine and ischemic ocular events. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 vaccines ChAdOx nCoV19 nCoV nCoV-1 AZD1222 AZD (AZD1222 OxfordAstraZeneca Oxford AstraZeneca 4 occlusion SinovacCoronaVac Sinovac CoronaVac 2 Comirnaty® Comirnaty (Comirnaty® vaccination Longterm Long term followup follow up events COVID1 1 COVID- nCoV1 nCoV- AZD122 (AZD122 (Comirnaty AZD12 (AZD12 AZD1 (AZD1 (AZD

RESUMO Esta série de casos descreve quatro casos de pacientes que apresentaram oclusões vasculares de retina e nervo óptico após a administração de tipos diferentes de vacinas contra COVID-19. O primeiro paciente tomou a vacina ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222; Oxford/AstraZeneca) e 42 dias depois desenvolveu oclusão da artéria central da retina. O segundo paciente teve défice visual indolor no olho esquerdo após 6 dias da vacina Sinovac (CoronaVac) e foi diagnosticado com neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior. O terceiro paciente apresentou o mesmo quadro após 22 dias da terceira dose da vacina COVID-19 Pfizer (Comirnaty®). O quarto paciente desenvolveu neurite óptica retrobulbar bilateral após vacina Oxford/AstraZeneca. O objetivo da nossa série de casos é discutir a possibilidade de correlação entre os quadros oculares isquêmicos e a vacinação contra a COVID-19. Nossos pacientes receberam vacinas contra COVID-19 com tecnologias diferentes e apresentaram quadros isquêmicos oculares relacionados temporalmente à vacinação. O acompanhamento e a avaliação a longo prazo de novos estudos semelhantes elucidarão o grau de associação entre a vacina e esse possível evento adverso. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 ChAdOx nCoV19 nCoV nCoV-1 AZD1222 AZD (AZD1222 Oxford/AstraZeneca OxfordAstraZeneca Oxford AstraZeneca 4 CoronaVac (CoronaVac anterior 2 COVID-1 Comirnaty®. Comirnaty Comirnaty® . (Comirnaty®) adverso COVID1 1 nCoV1 nCoV- AZD122 (AZD122 COVID- (Comirnaty® AZD12 (AZD12 (Comirnaty AZD1 (AZD1 (AZD

ABSTRACT To describe a case of treatment-resistant corneal infiltrate in a patient 4 months after penetrating keratoplasty. The etiological diagnosis was established through microbiology and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. A 80-year-old female patient presented with stromal infiltrate in the donor corneal bud 4 months following penetrating keratoplasty. Initially, the corneal culture was positive for Candida parapsilosis. In vivo corneal confocal microscopy demonstrated approximately 4 μm hyperreflective spherical microorganisms with a suggestive Candida spp. A second corneal culture was positive for Candida sp., and hyphae presence in the analyzed material was observed. The patient remained refractory to therapy. Confocal microscopy of the cornea continues to grow as a useful, non-invasive diagnostic method and in monitoring response to therapy. This report contributes by detecting Candida sp. in in vivo corneal confocal microscopy to aid in the diagnosis of keratitis. treatmentresistant treatment resistant keratoplasty 80yearold yearold 80 year old Initially parapsilosis spp sp observed therapy useful noninvasive non invasive keratitis 8

RESUMO Relatar caso de infiltração corneana resistente ao tratamento em um paciente 4 meses após o retransplante da córnea. O diagnóstico etiológico foi estabelecido por microbiologia e microscopia confocal da córnea. Uma paciente de 80 anos de idade apresentou infiltrado estromal no botão corneano doador 4 meses após o retransplante da córnea. Inicialmente, a cultura da córnea era positiva para Candida parapsilosis. A microscopia confocal da córnea demonstrou micro-organismos de aproximadamente 4 μm esféricos e hiper-refletivos sugestivos de Candida spp. Uma segunda cultura de córnea foi positiva para Candida sp., e foi observada a presença de hifas no material analisado. A paciente permaneceu refratária à terapia. A microscopia confocal da córnea continua a crescer como um método de diagnóstico útil e não invasivo e no monitoramento da resposta à terapia. Este relato contribui por meio da detecção da Candida sp. na microscopia confocal da córnea para auxiliar no diagnóstico das ceratites. 8 Inicialmente parapsilosis microorganismos micro organismos hiperrefletivos hiper refletivos spp sp analisado terapia ceratites

Abstract Background Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) of the appendix is a unique lesion that exhibits features of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Due to the rarity of this cancer, multiple grading (e.g., Tang, Yozu, and Lee) and staging systems (e.g., tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis [TNM]) have been developed for classification. This study aimed to compare commonly used classification systems and evaluate the prognostic effectiveness immunohistochemical staining may or may not have for appendiceal GCC. Methods An electronic medical records review of patients who were diagnosed with GCC of the appendix in our hospital system from 2010 to 2020. The data were collected regarding the age at diagnosis, gender, initial diagnosis at presentation, operation(s) performed, final pathology results, current survival status, and year of recurrent disease or death year. Results Ten patients were evaluated. Seventy percent of the patients were above the age of 50 years at diagnosis. Postdischarge survival ranged from 1 month to 109 months postdiagnosis. Two patients expired from GCC at 13- and 54-months following diagnosis. When comparing the classification systems, Lee categorized more patients as high risk than Tang and Yozu. Immunohistochemical staining was analyzed using four staining methods: Ki67, E-cadherin, Beta-catenin, and p53. Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging has supportive evidence for worsening prognosis and overall survival secondary to the depth of invasion of the tumor. Conclusion Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging may be superior to the other classification systems in predicting overall mortality. Our study demonstrated that immunohistochemistry staining does not appear to have a significant impact in determining the prognosis for GCC of the appendix. (GCC tumors cancer e.g., eg e g (e.g. Yozu tumor nodes TNM [TNM] 201 2020 gender presentation operations operation s operation(s performed results status evaluated 5 10 postdiagnosis 13 54months 54 methods Ki67 Ki Ecadherin, Ecadherin E cadherin, cadherin E-cadherin Betacatenin, Betacatenin Beta catenin, catenin Beta-catenin p53 p Tumor mortality e.g. (e.g [TNM 20 202 Ki6 p5 e.g 2

Abstract Background The HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) is a risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in RA patients. Our objective was to examine the real-world effectiveness of abatacept versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with RA who were SE and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP3) positive. Methods Abatacept or TNFi initiators who were SE + and anti-CCP3+ (> 20 U/mL) at or prior to treatment and had moderate or high CDAI score (> 10) at initiation were identified. The primary outcome was mean change in CDAI score over six months. Analyses were conducted in propensity score (PS)-trimmed and -matched populations overall and a biologic-experienced subgroup. Mixed-effects models were used. Results In the overall PS-trimmed (abatacept, n = 170; TNFi, n = 157) and PS-matched cohorts (abatacept, n = 111; TNFi, n = 111), there were numerically greater improvements in mean change in CDAI between abatacept and TNFi but were not statistically significant. Similar trends were seen for biologic-experienced patients, except that statistical significance was reached for mean change in CDAI in the PS-trimmed cohort (abatacept, 12.22 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 10.13 to 14.31]; TNFi, 9.28 [95%CI 7.08 to 11.48]; p = 0.045). Conclusion In this real world cohort, there were numerical improvements in efficacy outcomes with abatacept over TNFi in patients with RA who were SE + and ACPA+, similar to results from a clinical trial population The only statistically significant finding after adjusting for covariates was greater improvement in CDAI with abatacept versus TNFi in the bio-experienced PS-trimmed cohort. . HLADRB1 HLADRB HLA DRB1 DRB HLA-DRB (SE (RA anticitrullinated anti ACPAs (ACPAs realworld (TNFi anticyclic cyclic antiCCP3 antiCCP CCP3 CCP (anti-CCP3 positive antiCCP3+ CCP3+ anti-CCP3 > ( 2 U/mL UmL U mL 10 identified months PStrimmed PS trimmed matched biologicexperienced biologic experienced subgroup Mixedeffects Mixed effects used abatacept, (abatacept 170 157 PSmatched 111 111, , 111) 1222 12 22 12.2 95% 95 [95 95%CI 95CI CI (95%CI 1013 13 10.1 14.31 1431 14 31 14.31] 928 9 28 9.2 708 7 08 7.0 11.48 1148 11 48 11.48] 0.045. 0045 0.045 0 045 0.045) ACPA ACPA+ bioexperienced bio (anti-CCP anti-CCP 1 17 15 122 12. [9 101 10. 14.3 143 3 92 9. 70 7. 11.4 114 4 004 0.04 04 [ 14. 11. 00 0.0 0.

The use of protective netting is becoming an increasingly popular practice in the citrus industry in South Africa. However, data on its effects on biotic factors, particularly insect pests, are limited. This study focused on the effect nets have on key citrus pests in the Eastern Cape province. Orchards under nets and open orchards, of similar cultivars, ages and management practices, were monitored at several sites over two seasons for pest infestation and damage. Weekly monitoring was conducted for Thaumatotibia leucotreta infestation. Other pests were monitored either monthly or once a season. During the first season, T. leucotreta infestation was higher in orchards under nets, probably because, unlike the open orchards, the nets provided protection for the existing high levels of T. leucotreta. No T. leucotreta infestation was recorded in both orchard types in 2019. This was due to generally lower than usual pest abundance and dramatically improved area-wide management of T. leucotreta. Pheromone traps were used to monitor T. leucotreta males, including sterile moths used in a sterile insect technique programme. Although higher catches of wild T. leucotreta moths were recorded in orchards under nets, so too were there higher numbers of sterile moths and a higher ratio of sterile to wild moths, indicating the potential for better pest suppression for orchards under nets. Various other key pests were monitored during this time, with variable results for each species. Pests that were elevated under nets include Planococcus citri and Aonidiella aurantii. Pests that seemed to be lower under nets were Ceratitis capitata and Scirtothrips aurantii. Nets had no effect on Empoasca distinguenda, Penthimiola bella and Eriophyes sheldoni. These differences in pest levels in netted and open orchards trigger an important debate on whether nets are beneficial for or detrimental to the successful implementation of an integrated pest management programme.

Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), commonly referred to as false codling moth, is an important pest of citrus in southern Africa. Given its quarantine status in markets to which a large portion of the fresh produce is exported, its management in citrus orchards is essential. This management typically follows a systems approach in which baculovirus-based biopesticides, such as Cryptogran™ (Betabaculovirus cryleucotreta), are considered an important component of pre-harvest control strategies. It has previously been demonstrated that adding molasses with Cryptogran™ improves field performance, further reducing the number of T. leucotreta infested fruit. However, the reason for this improvement was never determined. This study aimed to understand the role that molasses may have on the behaviour of T. leucotreta first instars under laboratory conditions, leading to this improved field efficacy, and to confirm conclusively if the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improved efficacy across a further six field trials. In the laboratory, larvae exposed to molasses-treated oranges at either a concentration of 0.25% or 0.50% moved around the surface of the oranges less and also penetrated the oranges less compared to larvae exposed to non-molasses-treated oranges. This suggested that molasses, as a phagostimulant, encouraged larval feeding quicker and longer. This will promote the uptake of the biopesticide infective units and is likely the reason for the recorded improved field efficacy of Cryptogran™ when combined with molasses across all six field trials compared to its application alone. These two sets of experiments confirm conclusively that the addition of molasses to the virus formulation improves its efficacy and should be standard practice in the industry.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar si el uso de una aplicación móvil (app) para adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1, adaptada desde el punto de vista cultural, se asocia a una mejora del control metabólico. Métodos. El Instituto Nacional de Diabetes, Endocrinología y Nutrición de República Dominicana y Learning to Live Clinic reclutaron a 23 participantes pediátricos para el estudio. Se realizaron análisis de sangre antes y después de utilizar la aplicación durante un período de 3 meses. En función del perfil de usuario, se alentó a los participantes a utilizar la calculadora del bolo de insulina de la aplicación después de cada comida. La aplicación incluía una lista de alimentos propios de la región y la cultura, codificados por colores para indicar un índice glucémico (IG) alto (rojo), medio (amarillo) o bajo (verde). El código de colores se diseñó para ayudar a los participantes a adoptar opciones de alimentación más saludables. Resultados. Se observaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en el perfil lipídico. Los valores medios de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad aumentaron hasta niveles aceptables, mientras que los niveles de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad y los triglicéridos descendieron hasta los valores recomendados. Se observó una mejora en la calidad de vida general, si bien no se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el uso de esta aplicación adaptada desde el punto de vista cultural puede ayudar a los pacientes jóvenes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 a mejorar su salud metabólica.

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate whether use of a culturally adapted mobile application (app) for adolescents with type 1 diabetes is associated with improved metabolic control. Methods. The Dominican Republic’s National Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition and the Learning to Live clinic recruited 23 pediatric participants for the study. Blood tests were performed before and after use of the app for a period of 3 months. Based on the user profile, participants were encouraged to use the app’s bolus insulin calculator after each meal. The app included a list of regionally and culturally specific foods, color-coded to indicate a high glycemic index (GI) as red; medium GI as yellow; and low GI as green. The color-coding was designed to assist participants in making healthier eating choices. Results. There were statistically significant improvements in lipid profile. Mean high-density lipoprotein values rose to acceptable levels, while low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride levels fell to the recommended values. The overall quality of life increased, although glycated hemoglobin levels showed no statistically significant changes. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that using this culturally tailored app can help young patients with type 1 diabetes to improve metabolic health.

RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar se o uso de um aplicativo móvel culturalmente adaptado para adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1 está associado a um melhor controle metabólico. Métodos. O Instituto Nacional de Diabetes, Endocrinologia e Nutrição da República Dominicana e a clínica Learning to Live recrutaram 23 participantes pediátricos para o estudo. Foram realizados exames de sangue antes e depois do uso do aplicativo por um período de 3 meses. Com base no perfil de usuário, os participantes foram incentivados a usar a calculadora de bolus de insulina do aplicativo após cada refeição. O aplicativo incluía uma lista de alimentos específicos da região e da cultura, codificados por cores para indicar índices glicêmicos (IG) altos em vermelho; IG médios em amarelo; e IG baixos em verde. O código de cores foi criado para ajudar os participantes a fazer escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis. Resultados. Houve melhoras estatisticamente significantes no perfil lipídico. Os valores médios de lipoproteínas de alta densidade subiram para níveis aceitáveis, e os níveis de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade e de triglicerídeos caíram para os valores recomendados. A qualidade de vida geral aumentou, embora os níveis de hemoglobina glicada não tenham apresentado alterações estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o uso desse aplicativo culturalmente adaptado pode ajudar pacientes jovens com diabetes tipo 1 a melhorar sua saúde metabólica.

Delaminations and cracks are detrimental phenomena that hinder the quality of the final product in metal additive manufacturing. The effective use of other online monitoring systems that can detect these deformations and delaminations during the manufacturing process is currently being developed and implemented in practice. In this paper, gas-borne acoustic emission is used to show that cracks/delaminations that occur during the metal laser powder bed fusion build process can be detected and distinguished from other machine noise. The peaks in the amplitude of the signal emitted in the time domain could be used to indicate the occurrence of cracks during the build process. The frequency characteristics of the signal could also clearly indicate the occurrence of the macro cracks and differentiate between the signals from the cracks and the machine noise.

Delaminasies en krake is nadelige verskynsels wat die kwaliteit van die finale produk in die vervaardiging van metaal byvoeg vervaardiging belemmer. Die doeltreffende gebruik van ander aanlyn moniteringstelsels wat hierdie vervormings en delaminasies tydens die vervaardigingsproses kan opspoor, word tans ontwikkel en in die praktyk geïmplementeer. In hierdie artikel word gasgedraagde akoestiese emissie gebruik om te wys dat krake/delaminasies wat tydens die vervaardigingsproses voorkom, opgespoor en van ander masjiengeraas onderskei kan word. Die pieke in die amplitude van die sein wat in die tyddomein uitgestuur word, kan gebruik word om die voorkoms van krake tydens die bouproses aan te dui. Die frekwensie-eienskappe van die sein kan ook duidelik die voorkoms van die makrokrake aandui en onderskei tussen die seine van die krake en die masjiengeraas.

Resumo Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde, que trabalharam diretamente nos serviços voltados para o cuidado dos pacientes afetados pela doença, tornou-se questão fundamental a ser considerada, dado os diversos desdobramentos que essa atuação gerou para esses profissionais. O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender desafios e demandas dos profissionais de saúde em termos de suporte para lidar com o desgaste emocional e físico com a atuação na chamada linha de frente durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A abordagem metodológica qualitativa se deu a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em ambiente online com esses profissionais, passados os primeiros meses de pandemia. O lugar de herói em que eles foram colocados, ainda que apenas nos discursos midiáticos, logo deu espaço para que as fragilidades destes e das relações de trabalho aparecessem: estresse, medo e o desejo de escuta e acolhimento. A teoria da dádiva de Marcel Mauss foi trazida considerando que novas formas de leitura e interpretação das relações de trabalho em saúde contribuem para reformulações necessárias e urgentes do contexto em que se encontram hoje, visando a saúde mental e, mais amplamente, a saúde integral dos profissionais da área de saúde. COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 doença tornouse tornou considerada COVID19. 19. colocados midiáticos aparecessem estresse acolhimento hoje amplamente COVID1 1 COVID-1 COVID-

Abstract The mental health of health professionals who worked directly in services during the COVID-19 pandemic to care for patients affected by the disease became a fundamental issue to be considered, given the several consequences of this activity for these professionals. This article aimed to understand the challenges and demands of health professionals concerning support to address the emotional and physical exhaustion of working on the so-called frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative methodological approach was based on semi-structured interviews conducted online with these professionals after the first months of the pandemic. The hero’s place in which they were set, even if only in media discourses, soon gave way to their weaknesses and fragile work relationships to emerge: stress, fear, and the listening and reception desire. Marcel Mauss’ gift theory was brought up considering that new ways of reading and interpreting health work relationships contribute to necessary and urgent reformulations of their current context, targeting mental health and, more broadly, the comprehensive health of healthcare professionals. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 considered socalled so called semistructured semi structured heros hero s set discourses emerge stress fear desire Mauss context broadly COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumo Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde, que trabalharam diretamente nos serviços voltados para o cuidado dos pacientes afetados pela doença, tornou-se questão fundamental a ser considerada, dado os diversos desdobramentos que essa atuação gerou para esses profissionais. O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender desafios e demandas dos profissionais de saúde em termos de suporte para lidar com o desgaste emocional e físico com a atuação na chamada linha de frente durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A abordagem metodológica qualitativa se deu a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em ambiente online com esses profissionais, passados os primeiros meses de pandemia. O lugar de herói em que eles foram colocados, ainda que apenas nos discursos midiáticos, logo deu espaço para que as fragilidades destes e das relações de trabalho aparecessem: estresse, medo e o desejo de escuta e acolhimento. A teoria da dádiva de Marcel Mauss foi trazida considerando que novas formas de leitura e interpretação das relações de trabalho em saúde contribuem para reformulações necessárias e urgentes do contexto em que se encontram hoje, visando a saúde mental e, mais amplamente, a saúde integral dos profissionais da área de saúde.

Abstract The mental health of health professionals who worked directly in services during the COVID-19 pandemic to care for patients affected by the disease became a fundamental issue to be considered, given the several consequences of this activity for these professionals. This article aimed to understand the challenges and demands of health professionals concerning support to address the emotional and physical exhaustion of working on the so-called frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative methodological approach was based on semi-structured interviews conducted online with these professionals after the first months of the pandemic. The hero’s place in which they were set, even if only in media discourses, soon gave way to their weaknesses and fragile work relationships to emerge: stress, fear, and the listening and reception desire. Marcel Mauss’ gift theory was brought up considering that new ways of reading and interpreting health work relationships contribute to necessary and urgent reformulations of their current context, targeting mental health and, more broadly, the comprehensive health of healthcare professionals.

With water quality deteriorating rapidly at a global scale, river sections suited to serve as reference sites are being increasingly lost. It thus becomes critical to develop rapid methods to confirm that previously monitored sites continue meet the requirements of reliable reference sites. In the absence of pristine sites, 9 near-natural sites, as defined by the Kleynhans (1996) classification, were used as reference sites for the Luvuvhu River catchment to compare the quality of physico-chemical factors against a biological metric. Baetid mayfly community structure at a site was chosen as an index of water quality, since this family is common in all types of freshwaters, highly diverse and adapted to unpolluted running water. Baetid larvae were sampled monthly from stones-in-current biotopes across 9 sites for over 1 year, between December 2016 and January 2018. A Spearman's correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between physico-chemical factors and identify redundant variables. Water quality standards were measured against the national water quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystems. We used a generalized linear model to determine the effect of physico-chemical variables on baetid species, and canonical correspondence analysis to show the relationships between baetid species, sites, and physico-chemical variables. A total of 3 039 individuals belonging to 12 mayfly species were recorded. Our findings indicated that while the physico-chemical factors were highly variable, they were within favourable ranges to reflect reference site conditions. While water temperature was the most important driver of baetid community structure in general, as it negatively affected their abundances, a subset of species (Pseudoponnota sp., Pseudocloeon sp., Acanthiops varius and Demoulinia crassi) showed clear responses to changes in TDS and stream width. We conclude that specific baetid species show good potential as biological indicators of reference sites and chronic water temperature stress, making assessment of reference sites easier.