ABSTRACT Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds have attracted great economic interest for their high levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. In Brazil, there is a lack of studies on the agronomic characteristics and physiological quality of chia, necessitating research on germination processes and strategies to enhance yield under field conditions. There are no studies assessing the development of seeds with different coat colors in the presence of fungicides. This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of chia seeds as a function of coat color and fungicide treatment. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and six replications. For this, seeds were divided into two groups according to coat color (black and white) and subjected or not to treatment with carboxin + thiram. Germination speed index, germination rate, and shoot length were evaluated in plants sown at 0, 90, and 180 days after seed treatment. Germination rate and speed index differed significantly between coat colors, with white seeds having higher vigor than black seeds. Shoot length, however, differed only for seeds sown on the day of treatment, indicating that treated seeds were more vigorous. Salvia L. L αlinolenic α linolenic acids Brazil conditions fungicides replications this thiram 0 90 18 however vigorous 9 1

Essential oils (EOs) of the leaves of three Eugenia punicifolia specimens from two different Reservation Parks, namely Parque Nacional das Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (EpNRP-I and EpNRP-II) and Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas (EpCM), in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, were extracted by hydrodistillation and investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses indicated differences between the samples. Antiproliferative EOs activity was determined for U-251 (glioblastoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI/ADR-RES (multidrug-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma), OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma), HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), and HaCaT (non-tumor keratinocyte) cell lines applying the colorimetric method using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to determine the GI50 (50% growth inhibition) concentration. The extraction yields of the analyzed EOs were 0.58, 1.42 and 0.84%. The main constituents identified in two samples were α-pinene (49.75%), 1,8-cineole (13.77%) and (-terpineol (7.32%), and in the third sample, germacrene B (16.25%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.21%) and β-pinene (12.81%). The main GI50 results for sample EpNRP-I were noted for the U-251 (2.13 µg mL−1) and MCF-7 (6.72 µg mL−1) tumor lines. For the non-tumoral line HaCaT, the calculated GI50 was higher than the positive control comprising doxorubicin hydrochloride (13.35 µg mL−1). In addition, a flow cytometry analysis revealed that this same sample arrests the cell cycle of the MCF-7 line in the second interphase stage.

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou estabelecer uma metodologia capaz de causar lesões de isquemia e reperfusão intestinal, realizando clipagem de um ramo de artéria marginal peri-intestinal extramural em segmento jejunal. Para tal foram utilizados 37 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, machos, de 10 semanas de idade, alocados em seis grupos experimentais: grupo Sham, controle negativo, submetido apenas a celiotomia mediana; grupo I1H submetido à oclusão vascular por uma hora; grupo I2H submetido a oclusão vascular por duas horas; grupo I1H/R2H submetido a oclusão vascular por uma hora, seguida de reperfusão por duas horas; grupo I2H/R1H submetido a oclusão vascular por duas horas, seguida de reperfusão por uma hora e grupo I2H/R5H submetido a oclusão vascular por duas horas seguida de reperfusão por cincos horas. Os animais foram avaliados quanto o aspecto macroscópico (coloração e peristaltismo) do segmento jejunal e quanto ao aspecto histopatológico, verificando presença ou ausência de destruição de mucosa, edema, hemorragia, dilatação de vasos linfáticos e presença de polimorfonucleares. Observou-se que as lesões macroscópicas e histopatológicas se acentuaram nos maiores tempos de isquemia e reperfusão empregados. Os animais submetidos à isquemia durante duas horas, seguida de reperfusão por cinco horas (I2H/R5H) compuseram o grupo experimental de fácil reprodução e foram os que apresentaram uma lesão intestinal moderada, diferentes dos demais grupos.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to establish a methodology capable to cause intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injuries, to perform clamping of the jejunal segment of the extramural peri-intestinal marginal artery branch. For this, 37, 10-week-old male New Zealand breed rabbits were used. One rabbit was used to establish the anatomic references for the procedure and was not part of the six experimental groups; the rest were allocated into six experimental groups: Sham group, negative control, subjected only to midline celiotomy; group I1H undergoing vascular occlusion for an hour; group I2H submitted to vascular occlusion for two hours; group I1H/R2H undergoing vascular occlusion for one hour followed by two hours of reperfusion; group I2H/R1H undergoing vascular occlusion for two hours, followed by reperfusion for one hour, and group I2H/R5H undergoing vascular occlusion for two hours followed by reperfusion for five hours. The rabbits were evaluated for the macroscopic aspects (color and peristalsis) of the jejunal segment, as well as the histological aspect, checking for presence or absence of mucosal destruction, edema, hemorrhaging, lymphatic vessel dilatation, and the presence of polymorphonuclear cells. It was observed that the macroscopic and histopathological lesions accentuated in larger employed ischemia and reperfusion times. Rabbits subjected to ischemia for two hours followed by reperfusion for five hours (I2H/R5H) made up the experimental group which was easily reproducible and showed moderate intestinal injury, different from the other groups.

Os etenoditioacetais polarizados são conhecidos como importantes intermediários em muitos processos de síntese. Neste trabalho, reporta-se a anelação livre de metal de transição de 1,1-bis(tiometil)-2-nitroetileno com hidroxilalquilaminas e alquildiaminas. Esta metodologia permite a síntese direta de N-heterociclos tais como imidazolidinas, oxazolidinas e benzoxazóis sob irradiação de micro-ondas. Estes compostos foram avaliados como inibidores da acetilcolinesterase usando um reator capilar contendo a enzima imobilizada acoplado a um espectrômetro de massas.

Polarized ketene dithioketals have been recognized as useful building blocks in many synthetic operations. In this work, a transition-metal-free annulations of 1,1-bis(thiomethyl)-2-nitroethylene with hydroxylalkylamines or alkyldiamines have been reported. This methodology provides a directed approach to N-heterocycles, e.g., imidazolidines, oxazolidines and benzoxazoles under microwave conditions. These compounds were evaluated as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by using an enzyme immobilized capillary reactor-tandem mass spectrometry.

Two natural amides isolated from the chloroform extract of Piper amalago L., Piperaceae, leaves, a hydrogenated derivative and seven synthetic analogs were tested against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The antileishmanial activity was evaluated in terms of growth inhibitory concentration for 50% of protozoa (IC50). The cytotoxicity toward the J774A1 macrophages was evaluated in terms of the cytotoxic concentrations for 50% of macrophages (CC50). The ability to induce nitric oxide production was also investigated for all compounds. The saturated amide 7-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-heptanone was obtained by hydrogenation of the natural compound N-[7-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2(Z),4(Z)-heptadienoyl]pyrrolidine. Synthetic amides were prepared by addition of the appropriate amine to the corresponding acyl chloride. The natural compound, N-[7-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2(E),4(E)-heptadienoyl]pyrrolidine, was the most active of all tested compounds against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms with IC50 values of 15 µM and 14.5 µM, respectively. None of the compounds modulated the production of nitric oxide.

Neste trabalho, o emprego de cloreto férrico como um eficiente catalisador em reações de glicosilação de açúcares na presença de álcoois alílicos e propargílicos é descrito. Os glicosídios correspondentes foram obtidos com rendimentos de moderados a bons. Este novo procedimento apresenta maior seletividade quando comparado a métodos clássicos encontrados na literatura. As principais características desse método simples incluem condições de reação não perigosas, quantidade de catalisador baixa, bom rendimento e seletividade anomérico elevada.

In this work, the use of ferric chloride as an efficient catalyst in glycosylation reactions of sugars in the presence of allyl and alkynyl alcohols is described. The corresponding glycosides were obtained with moderate to good yields. This new procedure presented greater selectivity when compared to classic methods found in the literature. Principal features of this simple method include non-hazardous reaction conditions, low-catalyst loading, good yields and high anomeric selectivity.