Abstract Dipteryx alata is an arboreal species found in the Brazilian Savannah (BS), that has potential human and animal uses, including nutrition, medicine, and revegetation. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and growth of D. alata seedlings used to recover degraded soils to which residues had been added compared to seedlings grown in the BS. The degraded soil was treated with organic and agroindustrial residues. Twelve months after seedlings were introduced, they were evaluated for height, stem diameter, chlorophyll index, and concentration of foliar macro and micronutrients. The foliar concentration was determined for D. alata seedlings grown in the degraded area and BS. The addition of residues increased foliar concentration of seedlings grown in the degraded area; however, concentrations did not reach similar levels to seedlings grown in BS. D. alata accumulated Mn in plants. The height and stem diameter of seedlings responded positively to residue application.

RESUMO O processo de revegetação representa uma alternativa para recuperação de áreas com solo exposto. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Dipteryx alata (baru) e Astronium fraxinifolium (gonçalo-alves) em solo degradado, compactado ou não, suplementado com resíduo agroindustrial e verificar a possibilidade de uso deste como condicionante do solo. O experimento, conduzido na UNESP/Campus de Ilha Solteira, em cultivo protegido, apresenta três doses de resíduo (0, 15 e 30 t ha-1), duas densidades (1,0 e 1,5 g cm-3) e duas plantas indicadoras (Dipteryx alata e Astronium fraxinifolium). As plantas, arbóreas de cerrado, ocorrem nas proximidades da área degradada, onde o solo foi coletado. As mudas foram avaliadas 7 meses após desbaste, para altura, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, e o solo foi avaliado para análise da fertilidade. Os resultados mostram que o resíduo agroindustrial (RA) elevou pH, teores de potássio, cálcio e magnésio, e diminuiu o alumínio disponível. O Dipteryx alata teve a massa fresca da raiz influenciada negativamente pela compactação e se mostrou pouco exigente quanto à adição de nutrientes pelo RA. O Astronium fraxinifolium teve a massa fresca da raiz e a altura negativamente influenciados pela compactação, enquanto a adição do RA favoreceu altura, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. A morfologia das raízes foi alterada pela compactação, nas duas espécies. O substrato utilizado apresenta elevada capacidade de reorganização, produzindo elevada densidade sem aplicação de força.

ABSTRACT The revegetation process represents an alternative to recovery of areas with exposed soil. The aim of this research was evaluate the growth of Dipteryx alata (baru) and Astronium fraxinifolium (gonçalo-alves) seedlings in degraded soil, compacted and not, supplemented with agro-industrial residue, and verify the possibility of using this as a chemical soil conditioner. The experiment was conducted at UNESP/Ilha Solteira Campus, under protected cultivation, with the following treatments: 3 doses of residue (0, 15 and 30 t ha-1), two densities (1.0 and 1.5 g cm-3) and two indicator plants (Dipteryx alata e Astronium fraxinifolium). The selected plants are arboreal species from ‘cerrado’ biome, which occur in the vicinity of the degraded area, where the soil was collected. The seedlings were evaluated 7 months after roughing, for height, diameter of stem, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, and the soil was evaluated for fertility. The results show that the agro-industrial residue (RA) has increased the pH, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and reduced the exchangeable aluminum. The Dipteryx alata fresh root weight, was negatively influenced by compaction and showed little demanding for nutrients added by RA. Fresh root weight and height of Astronium fraxinifolium were negatively influenced by compaction whereas the addition of agro-industrial residue increased the plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root. The root morphology was affected by compaction, in both species. The used substrate presents a high capacity of particles reorganization, resulting in a high density, without force application.