SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire for the Brazilian population. METHODS: This is a cross-cultural adaptation and questionnaire validation study. We included native Brazilians of both sex aged>18 years, as well as hypertensive and/or diabetic patients. All participants were assessed using Screening for Occult Renal Disease, EuroQol 5 Dimensions, 36-Item Short Form Survey, and the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire. We used Spearman’s coefficient (rho) to measure the correlations between the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire and other instruments; Cronbach’s alpha to measure internal consistency; and intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and minimum detectable change to measure test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The sample was formed by 121 adult participants, mostly female, with systemic arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. We found excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient≥0.978), adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha≥0.860), and adequate construct validity on the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire domains; besides, we observed significant correlations between the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire and other instruments. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire has adequate measurement properties to assess chronic/occult kidney disease in patients who do not require renal replacement therapy. OBJECTIVE population METHODS crosscultural cross cultural aged18 aged 18 aged>1 years andor or Disease Dimensions 36Item Item 36 Survey Spearmans Spearman s rho (rho instruments Cronbachs Cronbach testretest test retest RESULTS 12 female mellitus coefficient≥0.978, coefficient0978 coefficient≥0.978 , 0 978 coefficient≥0.978) alpha≥0.860, alpha0860 alpha≥0.860 860 alpha≥0.860) domains besides CONCLUSION chronicoccult chronic occult therapy aged1 1 aged> 3 coefficient097 coefficient≥0.97 97 alpha086 alpha≥0.86 86 coefficient09 coefficient≥0.9 9 alpha08 alpha≥0.8 8 coefficient0 coefficient≥0. alpha0 alpha≥0. coefficient≥0 alpha≥0 coefficient≥ alpha≥

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effects of relocation time (RT; Experiment 1) and storage time after relocation (ST; Experiment 2) on microbial population, fermentative characteristics, and chemical composition of corn silage. In experiment 1, corn silage was stored for 30 d, subjected to different RT (0–60 h), and stored again for 30 d. Thirty experimental silos were used in a completely randomized design, with three replicates per treatment. In experiment 2, after 150 d of ensiling, silage was removed from a bunker silo, exposed to air for 9 h, relocated to experimental silos, and stored for periods ranging from 0 to 128 d. Twenty-eight experimental silos were used in a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment. Relocation time had no effect on fungi counts and concentrations of lactic and propionic acids in corn silage but resulted in a significant increase in dry matter content. In experiment 2, dry matter recovery and concentration of non-fiber carbohydrates decreased in corn silage stored for more than 32 d after relocation. Exposure of corn silage to air during relocation for up to 60 h followed by 30 d of storage did not compromise the fermentation profile or nutritive value of the silage. Increased storage time of relocated corn silage (up to 128 d) consistently decreases its nutritional value. The storage period seems to have an increased impact on nutrient loss in relocated silage than the relocation period. (RT 1 ST (ST 2 population characteristics 3 0–60 060 (0–6 , h) design treatment 15 ensiling silo 12 Twentyeight Twenty eight content nonfiber non fiber 6 0–6 06 (0– 0– (0 (

ABSTRACT. We aimed to determine the effect of relocation of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) with different fermentation profiles on ingestive behavior of lambs. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs, were used in a completely randomized block design based on initial body weight (17.5 ± 1.8 kg) for the following treatments: CS: WPCS (not inoculated and not relocated); R-12h: WPCS relocated for 12h; IR-12h: WPCS inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and relocated for 12h; and R-24h: WPCS not inoculated and relocated for 24h. Ingestive behavior was observed as continuous (feeding, ruminating, and idling) and specific (urination, defecation, and water and salt access frequency) activities for 48h (3h intervals for a total of eight periods in 24h). The behavioral activities were affected only by periods (p = 0.0001). Feeding peaks was high at 8:00-11:00am (54.2%) and 5:00-8:00pm (54.9%) in compare to ruminating and idling at the same period. Rumination time was intense at night, at 63.7% (2:00-5:00am) and 69.7% (5:00-8:00am). Idling time (49.7%) was long after silage supply. The specific activities were intense during the morning periods. Supply of WPCS relocated up to 24h did not alter the ingestive behavior.

RESUMO As silagens de capim elefante têm alto teor de umidade, que ocasiona perda de nutrientes, principalmente pela produção de efluentes. O uso de aditivos absorventes de umidade, como a torta de patauá, Oenocarpus bataua, pode ser uma estratégia para reduzir as perdas nessas silagens. Assim, objetivou-se determinar as perdas fermentativas, composição microbiológica, características fermentativas e composição química em silagens de capim elefante com níveis crescentes de inclusão de torta de patauá. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro concentrações de torta de patauá (7%, 14%, 21% e 28%, com base na matéria natural) e um controle sem patauá, e cinco repetições. O capim elefante foi coletado aos 60 dias de crescimento. Após o corte, o capim foi homogeneizado, misturado com a torta de patauá de acordo com os tratamentos estabelecidos, e ensilado em silos experimentais de 15 L. A inclusão da torta de patauá em silagens de capim elefante teve efeitos positivos sobre a composição química e as perdas por efluentes. Houve aumento significativo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro e ácido, extrato etéreo, lignina e carboidratos não fibrosos das silagens. Além disso, houve redução de perdas por efluentes, teor de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, e celulose das silagens. Nossos resultados contribuem para a redução de impactos ambientais gerados pela produção de efluentes no processo de ensilagem de gramíneas tropicais e fornecem uma utilidade potencial para o resíduo da produção de óleo de patauá, evitando o descarte no meio ambiente.

ABSTRACT Elephant grass silages have high moisture content, causing nutrient loss, mainly by effluent production. The use of moisture absorbent additives, such as patauá, Oenocarpus bataua meal, can be a strategy to reduce losses in these silages. The aim of this study was to determine the fermentation losses, microbiological composition, fermentative characteristics, and chemical composition of elephant grass silage with increasing levels of inclusion of patauá meal. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four concentrations of patauá meal (7%, 14%, 21%, and 28%, based on fresh matter) and a control without patauá, and five replicates. The elephant grass was collected manually after 60 days of growth. After chopping, the grass was homogenized, mixed with the patauá meal according to the established treatments, and ensiled in experimental silos of 15 L. The inclusion of patauá meal in elephant grass silage had positive effects on the chemical composition and effluent loss. It significantly increased dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen insoluble in neutral detergent and acid, ethereal extract, lignin, and non-fibrous carbohydrates of the silages. It also reduced effluent losses, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents, and cellulose. Our findings contribute towards reducing the environmental impact caused by the production of effluents during ensilage of tropical grasses and providing a potential use for the residue from the production of patauá oil, thus avoiding disposal in the environment.

ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of cutting height (25 or 40 cm above ground) and bacterial inoculation (a combined inoculant of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) on the chemical and microbial compositions, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage and nitrogen balance, intake, and apparent nutrient digestibility by sheep. To evaluate silage characteristics and sheep metabolism, we performed analyses based on a completely randomized block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement (two cutting heights, with or without bacterial inoculant). We evaluated the chemical and microbial compositions, pH, fermentation end-products, and aerobic stability of silage. To examine nutrient digestibility of silage, we used 24 male sheep over a 21-day period. We found that the aerobic stability did not differ among the silages. Sheep fed silages produced from corn harvested at 40 cm had increased intakes of crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrate, and total digestible nutrients, whereas the non-fiber carbohydrate intake of inoculated corn silages was found to be higher than that of uninoculated silage. Furthermore, the amounts of nitrogen retained by sheep fed silage produced from corn harvested at 40 cm were higher than those of sheep fed silage produced from corn harvested at 25 cm. Collectively, our findings indicate that, despite the observed effects, a difference of 15 cm in cutting height results in relatively small changes in the chemical composition of corn silage and a limited effect on the nutrient intake and nitrogen balance of animals fed this silage. Moreover, although bacterial inoculation promotes an efficient fermentation, it has no marked effects on the aerobic stability of silage.

RESUMO: Hyptis marrubioides (Lamiaceae) é uma planta medicinal nativa do Cerrado brasileiro. Técnicas de propagação in vitro fazem uso de elicitores para alterar as vias metabólicas, afetando a produção de moléculas qualitativa e quantitativamente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar como os elicitores abióticos ácido salicílico (SA) e nitrato de prata (SN) nas concentrações de 30µM ou 60µM influenciam no crescimento de plântulas de Hyptis marrubioides por dois diferentes métodos de cultivo in vitro. O teor de rutina foi quantificado por CLAE-DAD. Em comparação com uma cultura não tratada, os extratos metanólicos de H. marrubioides cultivados em meio MS por 10 dias, seguidos de cultura em meio MS contendo SN (30µM) por 20 dias, apresentaram 1,28 vezes maior teor de rutina. Em um segundo experimento, as plântulas foram cultivadas em meio MS por 20 dias, e então o elicitor desejado foi adicionado à cultura e deixado em contato com o meio por três e seis dias. SA (30µM) forneceu os melhores resultados na produção de rutina, sendo 16,56 vezes maior do que o controle após seis dias. SN (30µM) aumentou o teor de rutina em 1,17 vezes. Nas duas concentrações avaliadas durante os experimentos de elicitação, nem SA nem SN alteraram os parâmetros de crescimento, como comprimento da parte aérea, número de folhas ou peso fresco e seco das plântulas de H. marrubioides cultivadas in vitro em relação ao controle. Com base nestes resultados, os elicitores abióticos SA e SN forneceram com sucesso Hyptis marrubioides in vitro com maior conteúdo de rutina.

ABSTRACT: Hyptis marrubioides (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant that is native from Brazilian Cerrado. In vitro propagation techniques make use of elicitors to alter metabolic pathways, affecting how molecules are produced both qualitatively and quantitatively. This research aimed to evaluate how abiotic elicitors salicylic acid (SA) and silver nitrate (SN) at concentrations of 30µM or 60µM influence Hyptis marrubioides seedling growth by two different in vitro culture methods. The rutin content was quantified by HPLC-DAD. Compared to an untreated culture, the H. marrubioides methanolic extracts cultured in MS medium for 10 days followed by culture in MS medium containing SN (30µM) for 20 days had 1.28 times higher rutin content. In a second experiment, seedlings were cultured in MS medium for 20 days, and then the desired elicitor was added to the culture and allowed to remain in contact with the medium for three and six days. SA (30µM) gave the best results: rutin production was 16.56-foldhigher than the control after six days. SN (30µM) increased the rutin content by 1.17-fold. At the two concentrations evaluated during the elicitation experiments, neither SA nor SN altered the growth parameters shoot length, leaf number, and fresh and dry weight of H. marrubioides seedlings grown in vitro as compared to the control. Based on these results, the abiotic elicitors SA and SN successfully provide Hyptis marrubioides with increased rutin content in vitro.

O estudo foi conduzido para investigar os efeitos do óleo essencial de pau rosa sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes comerciais e microbiologia do trato gastrintestinal de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 540 pintos machos de um dia de idade, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de 15 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em: níveis de inclusão de 0,00mL (0,00 EO); 0,15mL (0,15 EO); 0,30mL (0,30 EO); 0,45mL (0,45 EO) e 0,60mL (0,60 EO) de óleo essencial de pau rosa/kg de ração e controle (promotor comercial virginiamicina). Aos 21 e 40 dias de idade, não foram observadas diferenças significativas para peso corporal, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e viabilidade das aves quando comparado o tratamento controle e os diferentes níveis de inclusão de RO. Os rendimentos de carcaça e de cortes comerciais não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. O aumento do nível de inclusão de RO diminuiu o peso relativo dos intestinos. O promotor de crescimento teve maior concentração de Escherichia coli na digesta intestinal quando comparado com 0,00 EO e 0,30 EO. Conclui-se que o óleo essencial de pau rosa não afeta o desempenho e rendimento de abate, reduz o peso relativo dos intestinos. O RO mostra atividade antimicrobiana consistente contra Escherichia coli.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rosewood oil (RO) on performance, carcass and commercial cut yields and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Five hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks were arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six repetitions consisting of 15 broiler chicks each. The treatments were: inclusion levels of 0.00mL (0.00EO); 0.15mL (0.15 EO); 0.30mL (0.30 EO); 0.45mL (0.45 EO) and 0.60mL (0.60 EO) of RO/kg diet and control (commercial promoter virginiamycin). At 21 and 40 days old, no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and viability of birds were observed when comparing the controls with the different levels of inclusion of RO. The carcass yields of commercial cuts were not affected by treatments. The increased level of RO reduced the relative weight of the intestines. The broilers consuming growth promoter had the highest concentration of Escherichia coli in the intestinal contents, compared to 0.00 EO and 0.30 EO. It was concluded that, Rosewood oil does affect the performance and yield slaughter, but it does reduce the relative weight of the intestines. RO does not show a consistent antimicrobial activity in vivo against Escherichia coli.

OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar idosos com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital escola e identificar níveis de depressão na população estudada. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva - exploratória, de natureza quantitativa utilizando a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) e questionário de caracterização populacional, sendo entrevistados 61 pacientes. Na análise dos dados foi utilizado método quantitativo progressivo (porcentagem) e correlação de Spearmann. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 69,97±7,51 anos, 57% eram do sexo masculino, 79% de cor branca, 72% eram casados, sendo 26% analfabetos. A média de respostas depressivas foi 10,43±4,37, o que sugere humor normal-levemente deprimido na população em geral. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre renda mensal familiar e escolaridade (valor p=0, 004) e escore GDS e analfabetismo (p=0,028), mostrando que os analfabetos apresentaram mais respostas depressivas, sugerindo menor capacidade de adaptabilidade/resiliência desses indivíduos à doença e suas implicações.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the elderly on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure in a teaching hospital and to describe their levels of depression. METHODS: This is a descriptive exploratory study with 61 patients. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the geriatric depression scale (GDS) were used to collect the data. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and Spearman rho correlations. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 69.97±7.51. The majority was white (79%), married (72%), and male (57%). Approximate a quarter of the patients (26%) were illiterate. The mean depression score was 10.43±4.37, suggesting the presence of normal to slightly depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: There were statistically significant correlation coefficients between family monthly income and education (p value=0.004) and between depressive symptoms and illiteracy (p=0.028). This last finding indicates that the illiterate patients had more depressive symptoms, suggesting they have less adaptation capacity or resilience to cope with the disease and its implications.

OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar a personas ancianas con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis en un hospital docente e identificar niveles de depresión en la población estudiada. MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva - exploratoria, de naturaleza cuantitativa en la cual se utilizó la Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) y el cuestionario de caracterización poblacional, siendo entrevistados 61 pacientes. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó el método cuantitativo progresivo (porcentaje) y la correlación de Spearmann. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad fue de 69,97±7,51 años, el 57% era del sexo masculino, el 79% de raza blanca, el 72% era casado, siendo el 26% analfabetos. El promedio de respuestas depresivas fue 10,43±4,37, lo que sugiere humor normal-levemente deprimido en la población en general. CONCLUSIÓN: Hubo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el ingreso mensual familiar y la escolaridad (valor p=0, 004) y escore GDS y analfabetismo (p=0,028), mostrando que los analfabetos presentaron más respuestas depresivas, sugiriendo menor capacidad de adaptabilidad/resiliencia de esas personas a la enfermedad y sus implicancias.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the elderly on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure in a teaching hospital and to describe their levels of depression. METHODS: This is a descriptive exploratory study with 61 patients. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the geriatric depression scale (GDS) were used to collect the data. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and Spearman rho correlations. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 69.97±7.51. The majority was white (79%), married (72%), and male (57%). Approximate a quarter of the patients (26%) were illiterate. The mean depression score was 10.43±4.37, suggesting the presence of normal to slightly depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: There were statistically significant correlation coefficients between family monthly income and education (p value=0.004) and between depressive symptoms and illiteracy (p=0.028). This last finding indicates that the illiterate patients had more depressive symptoms, suggesting they have less adaptation capacity or resilience to cope with the disease and its implications.

OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar a personas ancianas con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis en un hospital docente e identificar niveles de depresión en la población estudiada. MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva - exploratoria, de naturaleza cuantitativa en la cual se utilizó la Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) y el cuestionario de caracterización poblacional, siendo entrevistados 61 pacientes. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó el método cuantitativo progresivo (porcentaje) y la correlación de Spearmann. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad fue de 69,97±7,51 años, el 57% era del sexo masculino, el 79% de raza blanca, el 72% era casado, siendo el 26% analfabetos. El promedio de respuestas depresivas fue 10,43±4,37, lo que sugiere humor normal-levemente deprimido en la población en general. CONCLUSIÓN: Hubo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el ingreso mensual familiar y la escolaridad (valor p=0, 004) y escore GDS y analfabetismo (p=0,028), mostrando que los analfabetos presentaron más respuestas depresivas, sugiriendo menor capacidad de adaptabilidad/resiliencia de esas personas a la enfermedad y sus implicancias.

OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar idosos com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital escola e identificar níveis de depressão na população estudada. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva - exploratória, de natureza quantitativa utilizando a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) e questionário de caracterização populacional, sendo entrevistados 61 pacientes. Na análise dos dados foi utilizado método quantitativo progressivo (porcentagem) e correlação de Spearmann. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 69,97±7,51 anos, 57% eram do sexo masculino, 79% de cor branca, 72% eram casados, sendo 26% analfabetos. A média de respostas depressivas foi 10,43±4,37, o que sugere humor normal-levemente deprimido na população em geral. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre renda mensal familiar e escolaridade (valor p=0, 004) e escore GDS e analfabetismo (p=0,028), mostrando que os analfabetos apresentaram mais respostas depressivas, sugerindo menor capacidade de adaptabilidade/resiliência desses indivíduos à doença e suas implicações.