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Resumen El actual territorio de Trujillo, una ciudad costera en el norte de Perú, fue ocupado por diversas culturas precolombinas a lo largo de la historia. Con la llegada de los conquistadores europeos en el siglo XVI, se inició un proceso de mestizaje que continúa hasta la actualidad. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron identificar y caracterizar haplogrupos del cromosoma Y presentes en una muestra de voluntarios de Trujillo y evidenciar fenómenos de mestizaje y posibles similitudes entre la población en estudio y otras de Perú y Argentina. Se analizaron los linajes paternos a través de la región no recombinante del cromosoma Y por medio de un método de amplificación alelo-específica (PCR-AFLP) en reacciones multiplex para la identificación de marcadores bialélicos (SNPs) que determinan haplogrupos autóctonos y alóctonos para América. Tal como se esperaba, esta población presentó una ancestralidad predominantemente nativa, pero también se encontró una alta incidencia de linajes europeos.

Resumo O atual território de Trujillo, uma cidade costeira no norte do Peru, foi povoado por várias culturas pré-colombianas ao longo da história. Com a chegada dos conquistadores europeus no século XVI, iniciou-se um processo de miscigenação que continua até hoje. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar e caracterizar os haplogrupos do cromossomo Y em uma amostra da população de Trujillo para compreender os fenômenos de mestiçagem e possíveis semelhanças com outras populações do Peru e da Argentina. As linhagens paternas foram analisadas através da região não recombinante do cromossomo Y, empregando um método de amplificação alelo-específico (PCR-AFLP) em reações multiplex para a identificação de marcadores bialélicos (SNPs) que determinam haplogrupos autóctones e alóctones para a América. Segundo o esperado, essa população apresentou ascendência predominantemente nativa, com alta prevalência de linhagens europeias.

Abstract The current territory of Trujillo, a coastal city in northern Peru, was occupied by various pre-Columbian cultures throughout history. With the arrival of European conquerors in the 16th century, process of admixture began that continues to this day. The goals of this article were to identify and characterize Y chromosome haplogroups in a sample of Trujillo inhabitants, and to compare its admixture processes with those in other Peru and Argentina populations. We analyzed paternal lineages by focusing on the non-recombinant region of the Y chromosome. An allele-specific amplification (PCR-AFLP) method was used in a multiplex reactions to identify biallelic markers (SNPs) that determine autochthonous and allochthonous haplogroups for America. As expected, this population showed a predominantly native ancestry, with high incidence of European lineages.

https://doi.org/10.34096/runa.v43i2.10667 57 downloads

Recomendaciones para el uso racional de la prueba 25-hidroxivitamina D Resumen de política
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Herrera-Molina, Emilio

; González, Nancy Yomayusa

; Low-Padilla, Eduardo

; Oliveros-Velásquez, Juan David

; Mendivelso-Duarte, Fredy

; Gómez-Gómez, Olga Victoria

; Castillo, Ana María

; Barrero-Garzón, Liliana Isabel

; Álvarez-Moreno, Carlos Arturo

; Moscoso-Martínez, Ernesto Augusto

; Ruíz-Blanco, Pilar Cristin

; Luna-Ríos, Joaquín Gustavo

; Ortiz, Natasha

; Herrera, Emiliano Mauricio

; Guevara-Santamaría, Fabián

; Moreno-Gómez, Jairo Enrique

; Cárdenas-Ramírez, Héctor Mauricio

; González-González, Camilo Alberto

; Jannauth, María José

; Patiño-Pérez, Adulkarin

; Pinto, Diego Alejandro

; Acevedo, Juan Ramon

; Torres, Rodolfo Eduardo

; Montero, Jairo Camilo

; Acevedo, Andrés David

; Caceres, Ximena Adriana

; Acuña-Olmos, Jairo

; Arias, Carlos Andrés

; Medardo-Rozo, José

; Castellanos-Parada, Jeffrey

; López-Miranda, Ángelo Mauricio

; Pinzón-Serrano, Estefanía

; Rincón-Sierra, Oswaldo

; Isaza-Ruget, Mario

; Suárez-Ramos, María del Pilar

; Vargas-Rodríguez, Johanna

; Mejia-Gaviria, Natalia

; Moreno-Marín, Sandra Yadira

; García-Guarín, Bibiana María

; Cárdenas, Martha Lucía

; Chavarro, Luis Fernando

; Ronderos-Bernal, Camila

; Rico-Landazabal, Arturo

; Coronado-Daza, Jorge Antonio

; Alfaro-Tejeda, Mercedes Teresa

; Yama-Mosquera, Erica

; Hernández-Sierra, Astrid Patricia

; Restrepo-Valencia, César Augusto

; Arango-Álvarez, Javier

; Rosero-Olarte, Francisco Oscar Fernando

; Medina-Orjuela, Adriana

; Robayo-García, Adriana

; Carballo-Zarate, Virgil

; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Martha Patricia

; Bernal, Dora P.

; Jaramillo, Laura

; Baquero-Rodríguez, Richard

; Mejía-Gaviria, Natalia

; Aroca, Gustavo

Revista Colombiana de Nefrología

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dec 2019, Volume 6 N. 2 Pages 179 - 192

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract The exponential increase in the request for laboratory tests of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D or [25 (OH) D has ignited the alarms and generated a strong call for attention, since it may reflect deficiencies in the standardization of clinical practice and in the use non-systematic scientific evidence for decision-making in real life, which allows to analyze the indications of the test, its frequency, interpretation and even to assess the impact for health systems, especially when contrasted with the minimum or almost. No effects of the strategy of screening or supplying indiscriminately to the general population, without considering a comprehensive clinical assessment of risks and needs of people. From a purely public health impact point of view, the consequence of massive and unspecified requests is affecting most of the health systems and institutions at the global level. The primary studies that determined average population intake values have been widely used in the formulation of recommendations in Clinical Practice Guidelines, but unfortunately misinterpreted as cut points to diagnose disease and allow the exaggerated prescription of nutritional substitution. The coefficient of variation in routine tests to measure blood levels of 25 (OH) D is high (28%), decreasing the overall accuracy of the test and simultaneously, increasing both the falsely high and falsely low values. The most recent scientific evidence analyzes and seriously questions the usefulness and the real effect of the massive and indiscriminate practice of prescribing vitamin D without an exhaustive risk analysis. The available evidence is insufficient to recommend a general substitution of vitamin D to prevent fractures, falls, changes in bone mineral density, incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, neoplasms and also to modify the growth curve of mothers' children. They received vitamin D as a substitute during pregnancy. The recommendations presented in the document are based on the critical analysis of current evidence and the principles of good clinical practice and invite to consider a rational use of 25 (OH) D tests in the context of a clinical practice focused on people and a comprehensive assessment of needs and risks. The principles of good practice suggest that clinicians may be able to justify that the results of the 25 (OH) D test strongly influence and define clinical practice and modify the outcomes that interest people and impact their health and wellness. Currently there is no clarity on how to interpret the results, and the relationship between symptoms and 25 (OH) D levels, which may not be consistent with the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency reported. For this reason, it is suggested to review the rationale of the request for tests for systematic monitoring of levels of 25 (OH) D or in all cases where substitution is performed. Consider the use of 25 (OH) D tests within the comprehensive evaluation of people with suspicion or confirmation of the following conditions: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, hyper or hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndromes, sarcopenia, metabolic bone disease.

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Longitud cervical o puntaje de bishop en la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente en pacientes sintomáticas.
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lReyna-Villasmi, Eduardo

; Mejia-Montilla, Jorly

; Reyna-Villasmil, Nadia

; Torres-Cepeda, Duly

; Rondón-Tapia, Martha

; Oca, Danaisy Cabrera-Montes de

; Pineda, Isoled Herrera

; Briceño-Pérez, Carlos

Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología

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oct 2019, Volume 84 N. 5 Pages 362 - 371

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the cervical length with Bishop score in prediction of imminent preterm delivery in symptomatic patients. METHODS: Women with single pregnancies of 24-35 weeks were selected, with the diagnosis of threatened preterm labor and intact membranes. Before the start of any treatment, all were submitted to the cervical digital examination and transvaginal ultrasound determination of cervical length. The main variable of the study was the frequency of imminent delivery (in the 7 days following evaluation). General characteristics, Bishop score, and cervical length values were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 481 women were selected, 119 patients presented imminent delivery (group A) and 362 patients delivered after 7 days (group B). the interval between evaluation and delivery was 4.3 +/– 1.6 days in group A and 56.3 +/– 27.2 days in group B (p <0.0001). Patients in group A had lower values of cervical length compared with patients in group B (p <0.0001). This group also presented higher values of Bishop score (p <0.0001). Cervical length had a mayor area under for prediction (0.972, 95% confidence interval, 0.772-1.000) compared with Bishop score (0.825, 95% confidence interval, 0.783-0.870, p = 0.0137). CONCLUSION: Cervical length is more useful in the prediction of imminent preterm delivery in symptomatic patients compared to the Bishop score.n.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Comparar la longitud cervical con el puntaje de Bishop en la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente en pacientes sintomáticas. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron mujeres con embarazos simples de 24 – 35 semanas, con amenaza de parto pretérmino y membranas integras. Antes del inicio de cualquier tratamiento, todas fueron sometidas a examen digital del cuello uterino y determinación ecográfica transvaginal de la longitud cervical. La principal variable de estudio fue la frecuencia de parto inminente (en los 7 días siguientes a la evaluación). Se evaluaron las características generales, puntaje de Bishop y valores de la longitud cervical RESULTADOS: Fueron seleccionadas 481 mujeres, 119 participantes presentaron parto pretérmino inminente (grupo A) y 362 pacientes presentaron partos más allá de los 7 días (grupo B). El intervalo entre la evaluación y el parto fue de 4,3 +/– 1,6 días en el grupo A y 56,3 +/– 27,2 días en el grupo B (p < 0,0001). Las pacientes del grupo A tenían valores más bajos de longitud cervical comparado con las pacientes del grupo B (p < 0,0001). Este grupo también presentó valores más elevados de puntaje de Bishop (p < 0,0001). La longitud cervical tenía un área bajo la curva mayor para la predicción (0,972, intervalo de confianza 95%, 0,772 – 1,000) comparado con el puntaje de Bisho (0,825, intervalo de confianza 95%, 0,783 – 0,870; p = 0,0137). CONCLUSIÓN: La longitud cervical es más útil en la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente en pacientes sintomáticas comparado con el puntaje de Bishop.

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Differential effects of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) on hematological malignancies among Latinos: a meta-analysis
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Garcia-Hernandez, Samanta Celeste

; Meneses-Sanchez, Perla

; Porchia, Leonardo Martin

; Torres-Rasgado, Enrique

; Pérez-Fuentes, Ricardo

; Gonzalez-Mejia, Martha Elba

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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sep 2019, Volume 42 N. 3 Pages 549 - 559

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Our objective was to determine the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and multiple myelomas (MM) in Latinos. PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, LILACS, and other Latin-specific databases were searched for case-control studies that investigated the association between these polymorphisms and hematologic malignancies until November 2017. Genotype distributions were extracted and either fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled crude odds ratios (ORs) for the heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive, and allelic genetic models. No publication bias was detected by the Begg-Mazumdar’s test and Egger’s test. From 290 publications, we identified 15 studies on the C677T polymorphism and 13 studies on the A1298C polymorphism. We observed a significant decrease in risk for the C677T polymorphism (OR range=0.54-0.75, p<0.01) and a significant increase in risk for the A1298C polymorphism (OR range=1.28-2.52, p<0.05) in developing ALL for all genetic models. No associations were determined for CML, AML, or MM for either polymorphism. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the A1298C polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of developing ALL, whereas the C677T polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk (protective factor) in the Latino population.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0161 645 downloads

RESULTANTE MATERNA A CORTO PLAZO DEL CIERRE O NO DEL PERITONEO DURANTE LA CESÁREA.
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Reyna-Villasmil, Eduardo

; Mejia-Montilla, Jorly

; Reyna-Villasmil, Nadia

; Torres-Cepeda, Duly

; Rondón-Tapía, Martha

; Fernández-Ramírez, Andreina

; Briceño-Pérez, Carlos

Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología

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jun 2019, Volume 84 N. 3 Pages 179 - 187

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare short-term maternal outcome of the closure or not of peritoneum during cesarean section. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind and controlled study was conducted on pregnant women who attended at Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo, Venezuela. The selected patients were randomly assigned to group A (non-intervened group, surgery without peritoneal closure) and group B (intervened group, surgery with peritoneal closure). General characteristics, duration of surgery, hemoglobin concentrations after surgery, duration of hospitalization, post-operative pain, need for rescue analgesia and frequency of postoperative complications was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 247 patients in group A and 248 patients in group B were selected for the final analysis. It was observed that patients in group A had a significantly shorter duration of surgery compared to patients in group B (p <0.0001). No differences were observed in postoperative hemoglobin values, hospitalization time, postoperative pain intensity, return of bowel movements and post-operative complications (p = ns). CONCLUSION: To not perform peritonization does not appear to have negative effects on the short-term maternal outcome compared with cases which it is done.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Comparar la resultante materna a corto plazo del cierre o no del peritoneo durante la cesárea. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio al azar, doble ciego y controlado en embarazadas que asistieron al Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Las pacientes seleccionadas se asignaron al azar al grupo A (grupo no intervenido, cirugía sin cierre peritoneal) y Grupo B (grupo intervenido, cirugía con cierre peritoneal). Se evaluaron características generales, duración de la cirugía, concentraciones de hemoglobina posterior a la cirugía, duración de la hospitalización, dolor post-operatorio, necesidad de analgesia de rescate y frecuencia de complicaciones post-operatorias. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron para el análisis final 247 pacientes en el grupo A y 248 pacientes en el grupo B. Se observó que las pacientes del grupo A presentaban duración de la cirugía significativamente menor comparado con las pacientes del grupo B (p < 0,0001). No se observaron diferencias en valores de hemoglobina post-operatoria, tiempo de hospitalización, intensidad de dolor postoperatorio, aparición de ruidos hidroaéreos y complicaciones post-operatorias (p = ns). CONCLUSIÓN: No realizar la peritonización no parece tener efectos negativos sobre la resultante materna a corto plazo en comparación con los casos en las que si se realiza.

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Utilidad diagnóstica del volumen plaquetario medio en embarazadas con preeclampsia
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Rondon-Tapia, Martha

; Reyna-Villasmil, Eduardo

; Mejia-Montilla, Jorly

; Reyna-Villasmil, Nadia

; Torres-Cepeda, Duly

; Fernández-Ramírez, Andreina

Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología

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apr 2018, Volume 83 N. 2 Pages 139 - 148

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnostic utility of the mean platelet volume in pregnant women with preeclampsia. METHODS: Case-control study was done at Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo, Venezuela. A total of 180 patients were selected. Ninety preeclamptic patients were selected as the study group (group A) and 90 healthy normotensive pregnant women with the same age and body mass index as the study group were selected as controls (group B). Blood samples were extracted from all patients before labor and immediately after diagnosis in group A to determine mean platelet volume. General characteristics, mean platelet volume values and diagnostic efficacy were determined. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in mean platelet volume values between patients in study group (group A: 10.35 +/− 1.11 fL) and patients in control group (group B: 9.54 +/− 0.96 fL; p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (p = ns). A cutoff value of 10.3 fL had an area under the curve of 0.71, sensitivity 53.3%, specificity 63.1%, positive predictive value 63.2% and negative predictive value 59.6%, with diagnostic accuracy of 61.1%. CONCLUSION: Mean platelet volume values are not useful for discriminating the diagnosis of preeclampsia in pregnant women, although the preeclamptic values were significantly higher when compared with healthy normotensive pregnant women.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Establecer la utilidad diagnóstica del volumen plaquetario medio en embarazadas con preeclampsia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de de casos y controles en el Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Se seleccionó un total de 180 embarazadas. Se incluyeron 90 preeclámpticas como grupo de estudio (grupo A) y un grupo de control seleccionado por tener edad e índice de masa corporal similares al grupo de estudio, que consistió en 90 embarazadas normotensas sanas (grupo B). Las muestras de sangre se recolectaron en todas las pacientes antes del parto e inmediatamente después del diagnóstico en el grupo A, para determinar los valores de volumen plaquetario medio. Se determinaron las características generales, valores de volumen plaquetario medio y eficacia diagnóstica. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los valores de volumen plaquetario medio entre las pacientes del grupo A (10,35 +/− 1,11 fL) y las pacientes del grupo B (9,54 +/− 0,96 fL; p < 0,001). No se observaron correlaciones significativas con los valores de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p = ns). Un valor de corte de 10,3 fL presentó un valor por debajo de la curva de 0,71, sensibilidad del 53,3%, especificidad del 63,1%, valor predictivo positivo del 63,2% y valor predictivo negativo del 59,6%, con una exactitud diagnóstica del 61,1%. CONCLUSIÓN: Los valores volumen plaquetario medio no son útiles para discriminar el diagnóstico de preeclampsia en las embarazadas, a pesar que las preeclámpticas presentaron valores significativamente más elevados de al compararlo con embarazadas normotensas sanas.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-75262018000200139 5769 downloads

Lessons learned in evaluating the Familias Fuertes program in three countries in Latin America
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Orpinas, Pamela

; Ambrose, Ashley

; Maddaleno, Matilde

; Vulanovic, Lauren

; Mejia, Martha

; Butrón, Betzabé

; Gutierrez, Gonzalo Sosa

; Soriano, Ismael

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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dec 2014, Volume 36 N. 6 Pages 383 - 390

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

This report describes 1) the evaluation of the Familias Fuertes primary prevention program in three countries (Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador) and 2) the effect of program participation on parenting practices. Familias Fuertes was implemented in Bolivia (10 groups, 96 parents), Colombia (12 groups, 173 parents), and Ecuador (five groups, 42 parents) to prevent the initiation and reduce the prevalence of health-compromising behaviors among adolescents by strengthening family relationships and enhancing parenting skills. The program consists of seven group sessions (for 6-12 families) designed for parents/caregivers and their 10-14-year-old child. Parents/caregivers answered a survey before the first session and at the completion of the program. The survey measured two important mediating constructs: "positive parenting" and "parental hostility." The Pan American Health Organization provided training for facilitators. After the program, parents/caregivers from all three countries reported significantly higher mean scores for "positive parenting" and significantly lower mean scores for "parental hostility" than at the pre-test. "Positive parenting" practices paired with low "parental hostility" are fundamental to strengthening the relationship between parents/caregivers and the children and reducing adolescents' health-compromising behaviors. More research is needed to examine the long-term impact of the program on adolescent behaviors.

Este informe describe 1) la evaluación del programa de prevención primaria Familias Fuertes en tres países (Bolivia, Colombia y Ecuador) y 2) el efecto de la participación en el programa sobre las prácticas de crianza. El programa Familias Fuertes se llevó a cabo en Bolivia (10 grupos, 96 padres), Colombia (12 grupos, 173 padres) y Ecuador (5 grupos, 42 padres) para prevenir el inicio y reducir la prevalencia de comportamientos que constituyen un riesgo para la salud de los adolescentes, mediante el fortalecimiento de las relaciones familiares y la mejora de las habilidades de crianza. El programa consta de siete sesiones de grupo (para 6 a 12 familias) dirigidas a padres o cuidadores y sus hijos de 10 a 14 años de edad. Los padres o cuidadores respondieron a una encuesta antes de la primera sesión y al término del programa. La encuesta midió dos conceptos importantes: la "crianza positiva" y la "hostilidad parental". La Organización Panamericana de la Salud capacitó a los facilitadores. Después del programa, los padres o cuidadores de los tres países presentaron puntuaciones medias significativamente mayores en "crianza positiva" y significativamente menores en "hostilidad parental" que en la encuesta previa. La prácticas de "crianza positiva" asociadas con una baja "hostilidad parental" son fundamentales para fortalecer la relación entre los padres o cuidadores y los niños, y reducen los comportamientos que constituyen un riesgo para la salud de los adolescentes. Es necesaria una investigación más amplia para analizar la repercusión a largo plazo del programa sobre los comportamientos de los adolescentes.

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Percepción del estudiante de medicina de una universidad pública acerca del docente adulto mayor y del adulto mayor en general
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Martina, Martha

; Gutiérrez, César

; Mejia, Miluska

; Terukina, Ricardo

Anales de la Facultad de Medicina

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jul 2014, Volume 75 N. 3 Pages 237 - 244

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Most available studies show that youngsters’ perception on old age is usually negative. Aim: To analyze the perception of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos’ medical students on old age, and to analyze the presence of negative stereotypes towards old age and elder teachers’ faculties. Design: Cross-sectional study. Location: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: First, third and fifth year medical students. Interventions: A self-administered questionnaire using a semantic differential scale to determine student’s perception of the elderly was applied. Main outcome measures: Perception of the elder teachers’ faculties and the elderly. Results: From the 319 students sampled 54.2% were male and mean age was 21.7± 2.6 years old; 90.3% had proximity to teachers older than 70. Fifth year students gave lower scores for both elder teachers (p=0.003) and older adults (p=0.045). Students living with persons older than 70 in their families had a more positive perception on older adults (p=0.037). In regards to older teachers, five characteristics obtained a perception score over 70%: self security (78%), organized (73.9%), interest in students’ learning (72.8%), planning (72.6%), and emotional stability (71.8%). Regarding the elder in general, scores did not reach 70%, and they were characterized as tractable, sociable and skillful. Conclusions: Medical students showed a positive perception of elder teachers and elderly in general. There were statistically significant differences by year of studies. Students that lived with elder people had a more favorable perception on both old age and elder teachers, as compared with those who did not have such experience.

Introducción: La mayoría de los estudios disponibles muestran que las imágenes que construyen los jóvenes sobre la vejez, en general, se asocian a una valoración negativa de esta etapa de la vida. Objetivos: Analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de Medicina Humana de la UNMSM acerca de la vejez, así como la existencia o no de estereotipos negativos acerca de la vejez y del docente adulto mayor. Diseño: Estudio transversal. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Estudiantes del primero, tercero y quinto año de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Medicina Humana. Intervenciones: Aplicación de una escala de diferencial semántico para medir la percepción de los estudiantes mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado. Principales medidas de resultados: De una muestra de 319 estudiantes, 54,2% fue del sexo masculino y el promedio de edad 21,7±2,6 años; 90,3% tuvo cercanía con profesores mayores de 70 años. Los alumnos del quinto año otorgaron menores puntuaciones a los docentes adultos mayores (p=0,003) y a los adultos mayores en general (p=0,045). Los estudiantes que en su familia convivían con personas mayores de 70 años tuvieron una percepción más positiva sobre los adultos mayores en general (p=0,037). Respecto a la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del docente adulto mayor destacaron cinco características que superaron el 70% del puntaje, tipificándolo como seguro de sí mismo (78%), organizado (73,9%), interesado en el aprendizaje del estudiante (72,8%), planificador (72,6%) y emocionalmente estable (71,8%). Respecto al adulto mayor, los puntajes no superaron el 70%, y en general lo tipificaron como tratable, sociable y hábil. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de medicina mostraron una percepción positiva hacia el docente adulto mayor y sobre el adulto mayor en general. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según el año de estudios. Los estudiantes que convivían con adultos mayores tuvieron una percepción más favorable hacia la vejez y sus profesores adultos mayores, que aquellos que no tenían dicha experiencia.

https://doi.org/10.15381/anales.v75i3.9777

Metallothionein-1 and nitric oxide expression are inversely correlated in a murine model of Chagas disease
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Gonzalez-Mejia, Martha Elba

; Torres-Rasgado, Enrique

; Porchia, Leonardo M

; Salgado, Hilda Rosas

; Totolhua, José-Luis

; Ortega, Arturo

; Hernández-Kelly, Luisa Clara Regina

; Ruiz-Vivanco, Guadalupe

; Báez-Duarte, Blanca G

; Pérez-Fuentes, Ricardo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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apr 2014, Volume 109 N. 2 Pages 174 - 181

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, represents an endemic among Latin America countries. The participation of free radicals, especially nitric oxide (NO), has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of seropositive individuals with T. cruzi. In Chagas disease, increased NO contributes to the development of cardiomyopathy and megacolon. Metallothioneins (MTs) are efficient free radicals scavengers of NO in vitro and in vivo. Here, we developed a murine model of the chronic phase of Chagas disease using endemic T. cruzi RyCH1 in BALB/c mice, which were divided into four groups: infected non-treated (Inf), infected N-monomethyl-L-arginine treated (Inf L-NAME), non-infected L-NAME treated and non-infected vehicle-treated. We determined blood parasitaemia and NO levels, the extent of parasite nests in tissues and liver MT-I expression levels. It was observed that NO levels were increasing in Inf mice in a time-dependent manner. Inf L-NAME mice had fewer T. cruzi nests in cardiac and skeletal muscle with decreased blood NO levels at day 135 post infection. This affect was negatively correlated with an increase of MT-I expression (r = -0.8462, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we determined that in Chagas disease, an unknown inhibitory mechanism reduces MT-I expression, allowing augmented NO levels.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276140339 4016 downloads

10.

How does diet influence the reproductive seasonality of tropical freshwater fish?: A case study of a characin in a tropical mountain river
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Ballesteros, Tania M.

; Torres-Mejia, Mauricio

; Ramírez-Pinilla, Martha P.

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2009, Volume 7 N. 4 Pages 693 - 700

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A reprodução sazonal de peixes tropicais de água doce pode estar sincronizada com períodos de alto consumo de alimento. Nós examinamos esta hipótese estudando a relação entre dieta e atividade reprodutiva de Creagrutus guanes (Teleostei, Characidae). Nossos resultados mostraram que C. guanes teve uma dieta generalista e onívora, com predominância de insetos aquáticos (principalmente larva de Diptera) e sementes. Creagrutus guanes não apresentou variação intersexual ou ontogenética na dieta. Picos de atividade alimentar durante os meses chuvosos não foram sincronizados com atividade reprodutiva nos meses secos. Nossos resultados não sustentam a hipótese de que a estação reprodutiva está sincronizada com o consumo elevado de alimento. A reserva de gordura pode ser um fator importante para a dessincronização de picos de alimentação e reprodução (a reserva de gordura pode influenciar a ausência de sincronia entre os picos de alimentação e reprodução). São apresentadas hipóteses alternativas para a explicação de desova sazonal da espécie

Seasonal breeding of tropical freshwater fish may be synchronized with periods of high food consumption. We explored this hypothesis by studying the relationship between diet and reproductive activity of Creagrutus guanes (Teleostei, Characidae). Our results showed that C. guanes had a generalist and omnivorous diet dominated by aquatic insects (mainly Diptera larvae) and seeds. Creagrutus guanes did not show intersexual or ontogenetic variation in diet. Peaks of feeding activity during rainy months were not synchronized with breeding in dry months. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the reproductive season has to be synchronized with high food consumption. We discussed the hypothesis fat reserves may be an important factor for the desynchronization of peaks of feeding and reproduction as explanation of seasonal breeding of this species.

3445 downloads

11.

Evaluación de la estrategia "Atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia" (AIEPI) en Servicios de Salud, Bolivia 1999
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Zamora G, Adalid D.

; Cordero V., Dilberth

; Mejia S., Martha

Revista chilena de pediatría

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mar 2002, Volume 73 N. 2 Pages 184 - 191

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The implementation of the IMCI strategy in Bolivia started at the end of the year 1996; in this process trained and visits of monitoring were carried out to health workers of three districts, considered as initials. The present article presents the results of the application of an assessment methodology to measure the impact of the training and monitoring of IMCI, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which becomes the first world test. The objectives this IMCI evaluation were: know the quality of care to the child under 5, availability of drugs, and equipment for integrated care in first level health services of three districts. Identify the barriers that impede the integrated care. Validate the proposed methodology by WHO. The evaluation was done in April 1999, in three rural districts (Altiplano Sur in La Paz, Valles Cruceños and Chiquitania Centro in Santa Cruz). The teams of evaluators observed the case management, carry out and exit interview to the mother, re-examined the child and reviewed the equipment and provision of drugs. 36 health services were included selected randomly, there was observed 54 health workers that looked 102 children. The results showed that the clinical abilities have improved clearly, in comparison with the baseline of the year 1997. There was a reduction in the unnecesasary use of antibiotics. The weaknesses were related to the identification and behavior toward the classification of "anemia" and with counseling aspects, to the mother. Problems were identified with the availability of drugs and in-service vaccination. After the analysis of the collected data "workshops to workers proposed recommendations aimed to improving the application of IMCI in its services. Finally recommendations on the methodology of evaluation were made

La implementación de la estrategia AIEPI en Bolivia, se inició a fines del año 1996; en este proceso se capacitó y realizó visitas de seguimiento a personal de salud de tres distritos considerados como iniciales. El presente artículo presenta los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología de evaluación del impacto de la capacitación y seguimiento de AIEPI, recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la cual se constituye en la primera prueba mundial. Los objetivos de la primera prueba mundial de la evaluación AIEPI fueron: conocer la calidad de atención al niño menor de cinco años, disponibilidad de medicamentos y equipamiento para la atención integral en servicios de salud de primer nivel de tres distritos; identificar las barreras que impiden la integralidad de la atención; validar de metodología propuesta por la OMS. La evaluación fue realizada en abril de 1999 en los distritos rurales Altiplano Valle Sur en La Paz, Valles Cruceños y Chiquitania Centro en Santa Cruz. Consistió en la visita de equipos de evaluadores para observar el manejo de casos, realizar una entrevista de salida a la madre, re-examinar al niño y revisar el equipamiento y provisión de medicamentos. Se incluyeron 36 servicios de salud seleccionados aleatoriamente, se observó a 54 trabajadores de salud que atendieron 102 niños. Los resultados mostraron que las habilidades clínicas han mejorado ostensiblemente, en comparación con la línea de base del año 1997. Hubo una reducción en el uso innecesario de antibióticos. Las debilidades estuvieron relacionadas con la identificación y conducta hacia la clasificación de "anemia" y con aspectos de consejería a la madre. Se identificaron problemas con la disponibilidad de medicamentos y la vacunación en servicios. Luego del análisis de la información recolectada se efectuaron "Talleres de devolución de la información " a los niveles operativos, los cuales consiguieron que el personal de salud plantee recomendaciones orientadas a mejorar la aplicación de AIEPI en sus servicios. Finalmente se realizaron recomendaciones sobre la metodología de evaluación

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12.

Evaluación de la estrategia AIEPI en servicios de salud, primera prueba mundial, Bolivia 1999
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Zamora G., Adalid D.

; Cordero V., Dilberth

; Mejia S., Martha

Revista de la Sociedad Boliviana de Pediatría

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jan 2002, Volume 41 N. 1 Pages 7 - 10

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

1394 downloads

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