Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência e os fatores epidemiológicos associados à colonização por Streptococcus do grupo B (GBS) em gestantes na cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia. Métodos: GBS foi identificado e isolado por métodos genotípicos e microbiológicos a partir de amostras retovaginais de grávidas com 35-37 semanas de gestação. Os dados epidemiológicos foram coletados através de questionários e sua correlação com a presença de colonização foi avaliada. O perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana foi determinado pelo método de disco-difusão. Resultado: um total de 22.5% (102/453) gestantes foram colonizadas por GBS. Um nível mais alto de colonização foi observado no sítio vaginal (17.6%) em comparação ao sítio retal. Não encontramos nenhum fator sociodemográfico ou obstétrico associado a um risco aumentado de colonização por GBS. Todas as amostras foram suscetíveis aos antibióticos penicilina, ampicilina, cefazolina e ceftriaxona. Em contraste, as taxas de resistência à tetraciclina (74.1%), eritromicina (14.1%) e clindamicina (3.5%) foram observadas. Conclusões: a prevalência de GBS, bem como a ausência de preditores de colonização, demonstraram a necessidade de triagem universal para GBS em todas as gestantes da região. Além disso, mostramos que os antimicrobianos de primeira linha recomendados para profilaxia são boas opções para a prevenção da doença GBS neonatal na região. Objetivos (GBS Velho Rondônia Métodos 3537 35 37 35-3 gestação avaliada discodifusão. discodifusão disco difusão. difusão disco-difusão Resultado 225 22 5 22.5 102/453 102453 102 453 (102/453 17.6% 176 17 6 (17.6% retal penicilina ampicilina ceftriaxona contraste 74.1%, 741 74.1% , 74 1 (74.1%) 14.1% 141 14 (14.1% 3.5% 3 (3.5% observadas Conclusões região disso 353 35- 2 22. 102/45 10245 10 45 (102/45 17.6 (17.6 74.1 7 (74.1% 14.1 (14.1 3.5 (3.5 102/4 1024 4 (102/4 17. (17. 74. (74.1 14. (14. 3. (3. 102/ (102/ (17 (74. (14 (3 (102 (1 (74 ( (10 (7

Abstract Objectives: to assess the prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnant women in Porto Velho City, Rondônia. Methods: GBS was identified and isolated by genotypic and microbiological methods from rectovaginal samples of pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation. Epidemiological data were collected using questionnaires and their correlation with colonization was assessed. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by disk diffusion method. Results: a total of 22.5% (102/453) pregnant women were colonized with GBS. A higher level of colonization was observed at the vaginal tract (17.6%), compared to the rectal area. We did not find any sociodemographic or obstetric factors associated with an increased risk of GBS colonization. All strains were susceptible to antibiotics penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone. In contrast, the rates of resistance to tetracycline (74.1%), erythromycin (14.1%), and clindamycin (3.5%) were observed. Conclusion: the prevalence of GBS as well as the absence of predictors of colonization demonstrated the need for universal screening for GBS in all pregnant women in the region. In addition, we showed that the first-line antibiotics recommended for prophylaxis are still good options for the prevention of neonatal GBS disease in the region. Objectives (GBS City Rondônia Methods 3 gestation assessed method Results 225 22 5 22.5 102/453 102453 102 453 (102/453 17.6%, 176 17.6% , 17 6 (17.6%) area penicillin ampicillin cefazolin ceftriaxone contrast 74.1%, 741 74.1% 74 1 (74.1%) 14.1%, 141 14.1% 14 (14.1%) 3.5% (3.5% Conclusion region addition firstline first line 2 22. 102/45 10245 10 45 (102/45 17.6 (17.6% 74.1 7 (74.1% 14.1 (14.1% 3.5 (3.5 102/4 1024 4 (102/4 17. (17.6 74. (74.1 14. (14.1 3. (3. 102/ (102/ (17. (74. (14. (3 (102 (17 (74 (14 ( (10 (1 (7

Resumo Neste estudo, caracterizamos a integridade física, hidromorfologia e limnologia de dez igarapés urbanos da Amazônia Sul-Ocidental com diferentes graus de antropização, com o objetivo de investigar como essas características covariam e identificar as ameaças à saúde desses ecossistemas. A integridade física dos igarapés foi avaliada por um Índice de Integridade de Habitat (HII), a hidromorfologia com base na largura, profundidade, vazão e tipo de substrato, e a caracterização limnológica através de 14 parâmetros físico-químicos durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Três igarapés foram classificados como preservados, dois como intermediários e cinco como degradados. Alterações antrópicas foram observadas nas características hidromorfológicas, principalmente na largura, profundidade e tipo de substrato em diferentes categorias de integridade. A análise limnológica revelou que as demandas químicas e bioquímicas de oxigênio dissolvido, nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrato, ferro dissolvido e sulfetos ultrapassaram os limites estabelecidos pela regulamentação brasileira de qualidade da água (CONAMA 357/2005). A Análise de Redundância (RDA) indicou a influência de tipos específicos de substrato nos parâmetros dos igarapés degradados, enquanto os igarapés preservados mostraram correlação entre o oxigênio dissolvido e as condições da mata ciliar. A análise de cluster enfatizou a importância da integração de métricas ambientais, hidromorfológicas e limnológicas para uma avaliação abrangente da saúde do ecossistema. Dada a heterogeneidade dos ecossistemas aquáticos amazônicos, este estudo poderá contribuir para o estabelecimento de critérios baseados em características regionais para avaliação precisa e orientação de políticas públicas que visem proteger e garantir a integridade desses ecossistemas. SulOcidental Sul Ocidental antropização HII, HII , (HII) largura 1 físicoquímicos físico químicos chuvosa degradados amoniacal nitrato CONAMA 357/2005. 3572005 357/2005 . 357 2005 357/2005) RDA (RDA ciliar ambientais ecossistema amazônicos (HII 357200 357/200 35 200 35720 357/20 3 20 3572 357/2 2 357/

Abstract This study characterized the physical integrity, hydromorphology, and limnology of ten urban streams in the Southwestern Amazon. The objective was to investigate how these characteristics covary and identify threats to the health of these ecosystems. The physical integrity of the streams was assessed using a Habitat Integrity Index (HII), hydromorphology based on width, depth, flow, and substrate type, and limnological characterization through 14 physico-chemical parameters during dry and rainy seasons. Three streams were classified as preserved, two as intermediate, and five as degraded. Anthropogenic alterations were observed in hydromorphological characteristics, especially in width, depth, and substrate type across different integrity categories. Limnological analysis revealed that chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate, dissolved iron, and sulfides exceeded the limits established by Brazilian water quality regulations (CONAMA 357/2005). The alteration of these parameters reveals that the primary threat to the integrity of these ecosystems is sewage collection and treatment issues, reflecting the absence of basic sanitation. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated the influence of specific substrate types on parameters in degraded streams, while preserved streams showed a correlation between dissolved oxygen with riparian forest conditions and the absence of anthropogenic influence. Cluster analysis emphasized the importance of integrating environmental, hydromorphological, and limnological metrics for a comprehensive assessment of ecosystem health. Given the heterogeneity of Amazonian aquatic ecosystems, this study may contribute to the establishment of criteria based on regional characteristics for accurate assessment and guidance of public policies aimed at protecting and ensuring the integrity of these ecosystems. Amazon HII, HII , (HII) width depth flow 1 physicochemical physico seasons intermediate categories demands nitrogen nitrate iron CONAMA 357/2005. 3572005 357/2005 . 357 2005 357/2005) issues sanitation RDA (RDA environmental (HII 357200 357/200 35 200 35720 357/20 3 20 3572 357/2 2 357/

Abstract Acinetobacter spp. are one of the main pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality globally, mainly because of their high capacity to present and develop resistance to antimicrobials. To identify species of the Acinetobacter and their resistance profiles from samples collected from hospitalized patients, health professionals and hospital environmental sources in the intensive care units of different public reference hospitals in Porto Velho City, Rondônia, Western Brazilian Amazon. Isolates were identified using microbiological and molecular techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by disk diffusion. A total of 201 Acinetobacter spp. isolates were identified, of which 47.3% originated from hospital structures, 46.8% from patients and 6% from healthcare professionals. A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis were the most prevalent, with frequency of 58.7% and 31.8%, respectively. Regarding the susceptibility profile, it was observed that 56.3% were classified as multidrug-resistant and 76.2% of the samples belonging to A. baumannii were resistant to carbapenems. In contrast, 96.9% were susceptible to polymyxin B and 91.3% to doxycycline. The data presented here can be used to guide and strengthen the control of multidrug-resistant infections caused by Acinetobacter spp., in addition to improving providing information from a traditionally unassisted region of Brazil. spp healthcareassociated globally antimicrobials City Rondônia Amazon techniques diffusion 20 473 47 3 47.3 structures 468 46 8 46.8 6 prevalent 587 58 7 58.7 318 31 31.8% respectively 563 56 56.3 multidrugresistant multidrug 762 76 2 76.2 carbapenems contrast 969 96 9 96.9 913 91 91.3 doxycycline Brazil 4 47. 46. 5 58. 31.8 56. 76. 96. 91. 31.

Abstract Cystoisospora belli infection manifests as diarrhea, and can potentially progress to malabsorption in HIV patients. Here, we report a case of C. belli infection in an HIV/AIDS patient with chronic diarrhea symptoms for at least 2 years. Coproscopic analyses based on direct technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique without a commercial kit were performed. The current case report highlights the protocol to be adopted in coproscopic analyses applied to HIV patients. The importance of including the appropriate parasitological testing of patients with chronic intestinal isosporiasis in parasitological test routines must be considered.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A Escherichia coli enteroagregativa (EAEC) é um dos principais agentes causadores de diarreia aguda e crônica em crianças e adultos, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar cepas de EAEC isoladas de amostras fecais e identificar genes que potencialmente contribuem para a virulência, produção de biofilme e resistência antimicrobiana em crianças internadas em um hospital pediátrico em Porto Velho, Rondônia. MÉTODOS: Um total de 1.625 cepas de E. coli foram isolados de 591 crianças com gastroenterite aguda na faixa etária de 6 anos que foram internadas no Hospital Infantil Cosme e Damião na cidade de Porto Velho, entre fevereiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2012. Colônias sugestivas de E. coli foram submetidas a reação em cadeia da polimerase para identificação de fatores de virulência. O ensaio de adesão in vitro foi desenvolvido com célula HEp-2. A detecção de biofilme foi realizada através do teste de espectrofotometria e os testes de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobiana foram realizados através do método de difusão em disco. RESULTADOS: A E. coli diarreiogênica foi encontrada em 27,4% (162/591) das crianças e a EAEC foi a E. coli diarreiogênica mais frequentemente associada à diarreia com 52,4% (85/162), seguida pela E. coli enteropatogênica 43,8% (71/162), E. coli enterotoxigênica 2,4% (4/162) e E. coli enterohemorrágica 1,2% (2/162). O gene aggR foi detectado em 63,5% (54/85) dos isolados de EAEC com correlação estatisticamente significante entre esse gene com os genes aatA (P<0,0001), irp2 (P=0,0357) e shf (P=0,0328). Neste estudo 69% (59/85) das cepas de EAEC eram produtoras de biofilme, destas 73% (43/59) possuíam o gene aggR, ao passo que entre as não produtoras 42,3% (11/26) possuíam o gene (P=0,0135). Essa associação também foi observada com o gene aatA, presente em 61% (36/59) das cepas produtoras e em 19,2% (5/26) das não produtoras (P<0,0004). O teste de sensibilidade aos antibimicrobianos evidenciou que a maioria das EAEC eram resistentes a ampicilina 70,6% (60/85), ao sulfametoxazol 60% (51/85), a tetraciclina 44,7% (38/85) e a cefotaxima 22,4% (19/85). CONCLUSÃO: Este é o primeiro estudo no Norte do Brasil sobre a investigação dos fatores de virulência de EAEC mostrando a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de cepas de EAEC isoladas de crianças com diarreia.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is one of the main acute and chronic diarrhea causes both in children and adults, mainly in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to characterize EAEC strains isolated from faecal samples and to identify genes potentially contributing to virulence, biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance in children admitted to a pediatric hospital in Porto Velho, Rondônia State. METHODS: The total of 1,625 E. coli specimens were isolated from 591 children in the age group 6 years or younger who were hospitalized in Cosme and Damião Children Hospital in Porto Velho, between February 2010 and February 2012, with acute gastroenteritis. Colonies suggestive of E. coli were subjected to polymerase chain reaction testing in order to identify the virulence factors. The in vitro adhesion assays using HEp-2 adherence were tests. Biofilm detection through spectrophotometry and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted in the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: The mentioned study examined 591 stool samples from children with diarrhea. Diarrheogenic E. coli was found in 27.4% (162/591) of the children. EAEC was the diarreagenic E. coli most frequently associated with diarrhea 52.4% (85/162), which was followed by enteropathogenic E. coli 43.8% (71/162), enterotoxigenic E. coli 2.4% (4/162), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli 1.2% (2/162). The aggR gene was detected in 63.5% (54/85) of EAEC isolates; moreover, statistically significant correlation was observed among typical EAEC (aggR) and aatA (P<0.0001), irp2 (P=0.0357) and shf (P=0.0328). It was recorded that 69% (59/85) of the 85 analyzed EAEC strains were biofilm producers; 73% (43/59) of the biofilm producers carried the aggR gene versus 42.3% (11/26) of non-producers (P=0.0135). In addition, there was association between the aatA gene and biofilm production; 61% (36/59) of the samples presented producer strains, versus 19.2% (5/26) of non-producers (P<0.0004). Antibiotic sensitivity test evidenced that most EAEC were ampicillin 70.6% (60/85), sulfamethoxazole 60% (51/85), tetracycline 44.7% (38/85) and cefotaxime 22.4% (19/85) resistant. CONCLUSION: As far as it is known, the present study is pioneer in Northern Brazil to investigate EAEC virulence factors and to show the antimicrobial susceptibility of EAEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea.

Although viruses are well-established causes of acute gastroenteritis, few data on the circulation of these pathogens in Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil, are available. Thus, faecal samples from hospitalised diarrhoeic children, under six years of age, were collected and tested for the presence of norovirus (NoV), adenovirus (AdV) and astrovirus (AstV) from February 2010-February 2012. Specimens were screened by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and viruses were found in 10.7% (63/591) of the cases. NoV, AdV and AstV were detected in 7.8%, 2% and 0.8% of the samples, respectively. NoV infection was observed at all ages and was most prevalent in zero-18-month-old children (84.7%; p = 0.002). A higher incidence of NoV was detected from February-April 2010, when it was found in 52.2% of the cases. Co-infections involving these viruses, rotavirus and enteropathogenic bacteria were detected in 44.4% (28/63) of the children with viral diarrhoea. Nosocomial infections were demonstrated in 28.6% (18/63) of the cases in which viruses were detected. The present paper reports, for the first time, the circulation of NoV and AstV among the paediatric population of Porto Velho and it contributes to our understanding of the roles of these pathogens in gastrointestinal infections.