ABSTRACT Introduction: The region of the Americas has experienced dengue outbreaks in various countries. Knowledge of the disease, warning signs and severity criteria is a priority. Objective: To determine the knowledge that health professionals have about the main characteristics of dengue disease. Methods: A survey was conducted among participants of the Symposium on Infectious Diseases in Children and Adolescents at Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, which consisted of ten questions about dengue. The group was made up of pediatricians, epidemiologists and some microbiologists. Results: 72% of those surveyed (32 participants) got a rating of excellent or very good for having given satisfactory answers to all or to nine of the questions. 21% of the participants answered eight of them and only two professionals responded correctly to seven or less. Conclusions: Against dengue, medicine currently uses diagnosis and indication of appropriate treatment as its weapon. This requires that the medical and paramedical community in places where there is transmission of the virus be properly trained, both in the course of the disease and in its early diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La región de las Américas ha experimentado brotes de dengue en diversos países. El conocimiento de la enfermedad, sus signos de alarma y criterios de gravedad es prioritario. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos que tienen los profesionales de la salud acerca de las principales características de la enfermedad de dengue. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta a participantes del Simposio de Enfermedades Infecciosas en Niños y Adolescentes en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, la cual consistía en diez preguntas sobre dengue. El grupo estaba integrado por pediatras, epidemiólogos y algunos microbiólogos. Resultados: El 72 % de los encuestados (32 participantes) obtuvo una calificación de excelente o muy buena por haber dado respuestas satisfactorias a la totalidad de las preguntas o a nueve de ellas. El 21 % de los participantes lo hizo a ocho de ellas y apenas dos profesionales respondieron correctamente a siete o menos. Conclusiones: Contra el dengue, el arma que actualmente dispone la medicina es el diagnóstico y la indicación del tratamiento adecuado. Para ello se necesita que el colectivo médico y paramédico de los lugares donde existe transmisión del virus esté debidamente capacitado, tanto en el curso de la enfermedad como en su diagnóstico y tratamientos de modo temprano.

Resumen La presente investigación evaluó el efecto de los cuatro dopantes más utilizados en pruebas de desplazamientos apoyados con tomografia computarizada, sobre el comportamiento de la viscosidad del polímero. Inicialmente, se estimó la concentración mínima de cada dopante requerida para lograr un contraste adecuado entre fases comparando el número de CT de la solución polimérica y el aceite para garantizar un diferencial superior a 300 CT. Después, se determinó el efecto de la adición de los diferentes dopantes sobre la viscosidad de la solución polimérica con un viscosímetro Brookfleld. Posteriormente, se cuantificó la concentración de polímero para contrarrestar la reducción de la viscosidad, adicionando diferentes cantidades de polímero. Los resultados muestran que el yoduro de sodio logra el mayor efecto atenuante entre fases con la menor concentración de dopante. Además, este dopante causó la mayor disminución de la viscosidad del polímero y requirió el menor aumento en la concentración del polímero para alcanzar la viscosidad del caso base, lo que hace que este dopante sea ideal para un experimento de desplazamiento de inyección de polímero en el campo seleccionado. Finalmente, se evaluó el impacto de la densidad del petróleo sobre la mínima cantidad de dopante requerida para lograr una diferenciación suficiente entre fases. Como resultado, se encontró una correlación que podría usarse en futuros experimentos a condiciones similares para evaluar la inyección de polímeros en medio poroso usando la tomografía computarizada como técnica visual y no intrusiva, logrando el mejor contraste entre el petróleo crudo y las soluciones HPAM.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o impacto dos quatro dopantes mais utilizados em testes de injeção dos fluidos, apoiados por tomografia computadorizada, no comportamento da viscosidade do polímero. Inicialmente, foi estimada a concentração mínima de cada dopante necessária para registrar um contraste adequado entre fases comparando o número de CT da solução polimérica e o óleo para garantir um diferencial superior a 300 CT. Depois, foi determinado o efeito da adição dos diferentes dopantes sobre a viscosidade da solução polimérica com a viscosímetro Brookfleld. Posteriormente, a concentração de polímero foi quantificada para contrariar a redução da viscosidade. Os resultados mostraram que o iodeto de sódio alcançou o maior efeito atenuante entre as fases com a menor concentração de dopante. Além disso, este dopante causou a menor diminuição da viscosidade do polímero e exigiu o menor aumento na concentração do polímero para atingir a viscosidade do caso base, tornando este dopante o ideal para um experimento de deslocamento de injeção de polímero no campo selecionado. Finalmente, o impacto da densidade do petróleo na menor quantidade de dopante necessária para alcançar diferenciação suficiente entre as fases foi analisado e, como resultado, foi encontrada uma correlação que poderia ser usada em experimentos futuros em condições semelhantes para avaliar a injeção de polímero em um meio poroso usando tomografia computadorizada como técnica visual e não intrusiva, alcançando o melhor contraste entre petróleo e soluções de HPAM.

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of the four most used dopants in core-flooding tests, supported by computed tomography, on the behavior of polymer viscosity. Initially, the minimum concentration of each dopant required to achieve an adequate contrast between phases was estimated by varying the amount of dopant in solution and comparing the CT number of polymer solution and oil to guarantee a differential highest than 300 CT. Afterward, the effect of adding the different dopants on the polymer solution viscosity was determined through Brookfield viscosimeter. Subsequently, the polymer concentration to counteract the viscosity reduction was quantified by adding different polymer amounts. The results showed that sodium iodide achieved the highest attenuating effect between phases with the lowest dopant concentration. Moreover, this dopant caused the lowest polymer viscosity diminution and required the smallest increase in polymer concentration to reach the base case viscosity, making this dopant the most suitable agent to be used in polymer injection experiments at the conditions evaluated. Finally, the impact of crude oil density on the lowest amount of dopant required to achieve sufficient differentiation between phases was analyzed, and as a result, a correlation was found that could be used in future experiments at similar conditions to evaluate polymer flooding in a porous medium by means computed tomography scan as a visual and non-intrusive technique, reaching the best contrast between crude oil and HPAM.

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that often leads patients to muscle impairment and physical disability. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the activity of proteasome system in skeletal muscles of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and treated with etanercept or methotrexate. Methods Male DBA1/J mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): CIA-Vehicle (treated with saline), CIA-ETN (treated with etanercept, 5.5 mg/kg), CIA-MTX (treated with methotrexate, 35 mg/kg) and CO (healthy control group). Mice were treated two times a week for 6 weeks. Clinical score and hind paw edema were measured. Muscles were weighted after euthanasia and used to quantify proteasome activity, gene (MuRF-1, PMSα4, PSMβ5, PMSβ6, PSMβ7, PSMβ8, PSMβ9, and PSMβ10), and protein (PSMβ1, PSMβ5, PSMβ1i, PSMβ5i) expression of proteasome subunits. Results Both treatments slowed disease development, but only CIA-ETN maintained muscle weight compared to CIA-MTX and CIA-Vehicle groups. Etanercept treatment showed caspase-like activity of 26S proteasome similar to CO group, while CIA-Vehicle and CIA-MTX had higher activity compared to CO group (p: 0.0057). MuRF-1 mRNA expression was decreased after etanercept administration compared to CIA-Vehicle and CO groups (p: 0.002, p: 0.007, respectively). PSMβ8 and PSMβ9 mRNA levels were increased in CIA-Vehicle and CIA-MTX compared to CO group, while CIA-ETN presented no difference from CO. PMSβ6 mRNA expression was higher in CIA-Vehicle and CIA-MTX groups than in CO group. Protein levels of the PSMβ5 subunit were increased in CO group compared to CIA-Vehicle; after both etanercept and methotrexate treatments, PSMβ5 expression was higher than in CIA-Vehicle group and did not differ from CO group expression (p: 0.0025, p: 0.001, respectively). The inflammation-induced subunit β1 (LMP2) was enhanced after methotrexate treatment compared to CO group (p: 0.043). Conclusions The results of CIA-Vehicle show that arthritis increases muscle proteasome activation by enhanced caspase-like activity of 26S proteasome and increased PSMβ8 and PSMβ9 mRNA levels. Etanercept treatment was able to maintain the muscle weight and to modulate proteasome so that its activity and gene expression were compared to CO after TNF inhibition. The protein expression of inflammation-induced proteasome subunit was increased in muscle of CIA-MTX group but not following etanercept treatment. Thus, anti-TNF treatment may be an interesting approach to attenuate the arthritis-related muscle wasting. disability collageninduced collagen induced CIA (CIA DBA1J DBAJ DBA1 J DBA n each each) CIAVehicle Vehicle saline, saline , saline) CIAETN ETN 55 5 5. mg/kg, mgkg mg/kg mg kg CIAMTX MTX 3 healthy . group) weeks measured MuRF1, MuRF1 MuRF 1, 1 (MuRF-1 PMSα4 PMSα PSMβ PMSβ PSMβ7 PSMβ10, PSMβ10 PSMβ10) PSMβ1, PSMβ1 (PSMβ1 PSMβ1i PSMβi i PSMβ5i subunits development caspaselike caspase like S p (p 0.0057. 00057 0.0057 0 0057 0.0057) MuRF- 0002 002 0.002 0007 007 0.007 respectively. respectively respectively) 00025 0025 0.0025 0001 001 0.001 inflammationinduced inflammation β LMP2 LMP (LMP2 0.043. 0043 0.043 043 0.043) inhibition Thus antiTNF anti arthritisrelated related wasting (MuRF- (PSMβ 0005 0.005 005 000 00 0.00 (LMP 004 0.04 04 (MuRF 0.0 0.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear diversa evidencia sobre las perspectivas y los desafíos para la implementación del Programa “Paciente Experto”. Método: revisión de alcance, orientada a partir del método propuesto por el JBI y en la que se siguieron las recomendaciones de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, con registro del protocolo de investigación en Open Science Framework (DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A). La búsqueda de estudio se realizó en julio de 2022, tanto en las bases de datos como en portales de tesis y disertaciones nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: la muestra final estuvo compuesta por seis artículos científicos, todos redactados en inglés. Entre las perspectivas para la implementación se incluyen las siguientes: calificación de los profesionales de la salud, para identificar y calificar pacientes expertos; compromiso de la gerencia con el programa; uso de las tecnologías móviles y Práctica Basada en Evidencia. Por el otro lado, los desafíos están relacionados con no comprender el término "autogestión" y con el déficit de políticas públicas e inversiones financieras. Conclusión: los resultados encontrados enfatizan la importancia de implementar el Programa “Paciente Experto” para el contexto de la salud pública, principalmente en relación con la población que padece enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo Paciente Experto. Experto . Método alcance MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses Reviews DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. DOI1017605OSFIOD7K6A DOIOSFIODKA DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A 10 17605 OSF IO D7K6A D K A (DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A) 2022 internacionales Resultados científicos inglés siguientes expertos programa Evidencia lado autogestión "autogestión financieras Conclusión pública transmisibles DOI10 DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A OSFIOD 1017605OSFIOD7K6A OSFIODKA 1 1760 DKA (DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A 202 DOI1 176 20 17 2

ABSTRACT Objective: to map diverse evidence on perspectives and challenges for implementing the Expert Patient Program. Method: this is a scoping review, guided by the method proposed by the JBI and which followed the recommendations set forth in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, with its research protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, with DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. The search for studies was carried out in July 2022 in databases and in national and international portals of theses and dissertations. Results: the final sample consisted of six scientific articles, all written in English. Health professionals' qualification, to identify and qualify expert patients, management's commitment to the program, use of mobile technologies and Evidence-Based Practice are among the perspectives for implementation. The challenges are related to lack of understanding of the term "self-management" and to the deficit of public policies and financial investment. Conclusion: the results found emphasize the importance of implementing the Patient Expert Program for the public health context, mainly in relation to the population with chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective Method review MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses Reviews Framework DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. DOI1017605OSFIOD7K6A DOIOSFIODKA DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. 10 17605 OSF IO D7K6A D K A DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A 202 dissertations Results articles English professionals qualification patients managements management s program EvidenceBased Evidence Based implementation selfmanagement self "self-management investment Conclusion context noncommunicable non communicable diseases DOI10 DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A OSFIOD 1017605OSFIOD7K6A OSFIODKA 10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A 1 1760 DKA 20 DOI1 176 2 17

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear evidências sobre as perspectivas e desafios para implementação do Programa Paciente Experto. Método: Trata-se de uma scoping review, orientada a partir do método proposto pelo JBI, e seguiu as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, com o protocolo de pesquisa registrado no Open Science Framework DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. A busca pelos estudos foi realizada no mês de julho de 2022, e ocorreu nas bases de dados e em portais de teses e dissertações nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por seis artigos científicos, todos redigidos na língua inglesa. Entre as perspectivas para implementação, estão a qualificação dos profissionais de saúde, para identificar e qualificar pacientes expertos, o comprometimento da gestão com o programa, o uso das tecnologias móveis e a Prática Baseada em Evidência. Já os desafios são relacionados à falta de compreensão do termo "autogestão” e ao déficit de políticas públicas e investimento financeiro. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados enfatizam a importância da implementação do Programa Paciente Experto para o contexto de saúde pública, principalmente, em relação à população portadora de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo Método Tratase Trata se review JBI MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses Reviews DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. DOI1017605OSFIOD7K6A DOIOSFIODKA DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A. 10 17605 OSF IO D7K6A D K DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A 2022 internacionais Resultados científicos inglesa expertos programa Evidência autogestão "autogestão financeiro Conclusão pública principalmente transmissíveis DOI10 DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A OSFIOD 1017605OSFIOD7K6A OSFIODKA 10.17605/OSF.IO/D7K6A 1 1760 DKA 202 DOI1 176 20 17 2

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The consumption of psychoactive substances has become a public health problem, having great consequences on the health, economy, academic performance, family, and social coexistence of the consumer. Objective: To determine the risk factors influencing the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students during COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Research with quantitative correlational, cross-sectional descriptive type, with a sample of 272 university students of a University of Barranquilla of the Nursing program of fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth semesters. The instrument used was a virtual survey divided into five sections, comprising identification and sociodemographic data, individual, sociocultural, family, and psychological factors. Results: In the statistical analysis, the predominant sex was female with 69%, and 74% of them aged 17-20 years. Seventy-nine percent stated that they had consumed psychoactive substances, and 58% indicated that the type of psychoactive substance they had consumed for the first time was alcohol. Discussion: In contrast to a study conducted by Fernández et al, in 2021, it was found that the frequency of consumption of psychoactive substances in the students of the Simón Bolívar University was higher with a percentage of 74%, on the other hand the study in question only 41.8% consumed some type of psychoactive substance (alcohol, tobacco, etc.).Through the research carried out, it was possible to evaluate each of the factors that significantly influence the consumption of psychoactive substances, taking into account each of the variables evaluated (sociodemographic, consumption, individual, family, psychological, sociocultural) in times of COVID-19.

RESUMEN: Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, teniendo grandes consecuencias en la salud, economía, rendimiento académico, la convivencia familiar y social del individuo consumidor. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo que influyen en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 272 estudiantes universitarios de una Universidad de Barranquilla del programa de Enfermería de cuarto, quinto, sexto, séptimo y octavo semestre. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta virtual estuvo dividida en 5 secciones, que comprenden la parte de datos de identificación y sociodemograficos, factores individuales, socioculturales, familiares y psicologicos. Resultados: Realizando el análisis estadístico, predominó el sexo femenino con 69%, y las edades 17-20 años con 74%. El 79% afirmaban que sí habían consumido sustancias psicoactivas y 58% indicaban que el tipo de sustancia psicoactiva que habían consumido por primera vez era el alcohol. Discusión: En contraste con un estudio realizado por Fernández et al, en el 2021, se encontró que la frecuencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los estudiantes de la Universidad Simon Bolivar es mayor, con un porcentaje del 74%, por otro lado, el estudio en mención solo el 41.8% consume algun tipo de sustancia psicoactiva (alchohol, tabaco, etc). A través de la investigación realizada permitió evaluar cada uno de los factores que influyen de manera significativa en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas teniendo en cuenta cada una de las variables evaluadas (sociodemográficas, de consumo, individuales, familiares, psicológicas, socioculturales) en tiempos de Covid 19.

RESUMO Objetivo. Identificar correlações entre a covid-19, características demográficas e socioeconômicas e capacidade dos sistemas de saúde latino-americanos para resposta a emergências sanitárias. Método. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico, utilizando dados secundários de 20 países latino-americanos relativos a incidência, mortalidade, testagem e cobertura vacinal para covid-19 no período de 2020 a 2021, assim como informações demográficas e socioeconômicas. A preparação dos países para responder a emergências sanitárias foi explorada a partir do Relatório Anual de Autoavaliação dos Estados Partes da Organização Mundial da Saúde de 2019 sobre a implementação do Regulamento Sanitário Internacional (RSI). Realizaramse análises estatísticas por meio do teste de correlação de Spearman (rho). Resultados. Observou-se correlação positiva alta do produto interno bruto per capita e do índice de desenvolvimento humano com incidência de covid-19, testagem e cobertura vacinal; e entre proporção da população idosa e cobertura vacinal. Não foram identificadas correlações entre os indicadores da covid-19 e as capacidades prévias de implementação do RSI. Conclusões. A ausência de correlação entre indicadores relativos à covid-19 e a capacidade de implementação do RSI pode estar relacionada a limites dos indicadores utilizados ou da ferramenta de acompanhamento do RSI como instrumento indutor da preparação dos países para enfrentamento de emergências sanitárias. Os resultados sugerem a importância de condicionantes estruturais e a necessidade de estudos longitudinais, comparativos e qualitativos para compreender os fatores que influenciaram a resposta dos países à covid-19.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar las posibles correlaciones entre la COVID-19, las características demográficas y socioeconómicas, y la capacidad de los sistemas de salud latinoamericanos para responder a emergencias de salud. Método. Se realizó un estudio ecológico con datos secundarios de 20 países latinoamericanos sobre la incidencia, la mortalidad, las pruebas y la cobertura de vacunación relativas a la COVID-19 en el período 2020-2021, y con información demográfica y socioeconómica. Se exploró la preparación de los países para responder a emergencias de salud a partir del Informe Anual de Autoevaluación de los Estados Miembros de la Organización Mundial de la Salud del 2019 sobre la implementación del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (RSI). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con la prueba de correlación (ro) de Spearman. Resultados. Se observó una alta correlación positiva del producto interno bruto per cápita y del índice de desarrollo humano con la incidencia, las pruebas y la cobertura de vacunación respecto a la COVID-19, así como de la proporción de personas mayores en la población con la cobertura de vacunación. No se observó ninguna correlación entre los indicadores de COVID-19 y la capacidad previa de implementación del RSI. Conclusiones. La falta de correlación entre los indicadores relativos a la COVID-19 y la capacidad de implementación del RSI puede deberse a limitaciones de los indicadores utilizados o del mecanismo de seguimiento del RSI como instrumento inductor de la preparación de los países para enfrentar emergencias de salud. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de los factores condicionantes estructurales y la necesidad de realizar estudios longitudinales, comparativos y cualitativos para determinar los factores que influyeron en la respuesta de los países a la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective. To identify correlations between COVID-19, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and the capacity of Latin American health systems to respond to health emergencies. Method. An ecological study was performed using secondary data from 20 Latin American countries regarding incidence, mortality, testing and vaccination coverage for covid-19 from 2020 to 2021 as well as demographic and socioeconomic indicators. The preparedness of countries to respond to health emergencies was explored based on the 2019 State Party Self-Assessment Annual Report on the implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR). Statistical analyses were performed using the Spearman correlation test (rho). Results. A high positive correlation was noted between gross domestic product per capita and the human development index with the incidence of COVID-19, testing, and vaccination coverage; and between the proportion of elderly population and vaccination coverage. No correlations were identified between the covid-19 indicators and previous IHR implementation capacities. Conclusions. The lack of correlation between indicators related to COVID-19 and the ability to implement the IHR may reflect limitations of the indicators used or of the IHR monitoring tool as an instrument that induces the preparedness of countries to face health emergencies. The results suggest the importance of structural conditioning factors and the need for longitudinal, comparative, and qualitative studies to understand the factors that influenced the response of countries to COVID-19.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de eventos adversos de la vacunación contra el COVID-19 en pacientes con LES que son atendidos en centros médicos de referencia en Paraguay. Este es un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo. Se incluyeron 52 pacientes con LES que recibieron al menos una dosis de la vacuna anticovid. De los cuales el 100% recibieron la primera dosis, el 92,3% la segunda dosis y el 15,38% la tercera dosis; el 44,6% recibió Sputnik-V; 16% Moderna; 12,5% Pfizer, 7,1% AstraZeneca, 3,6% Covaxin y 2,1% Hayat Vax, 8 pacientes recibieron su tercera dosis correspondiente a 3 de Pfizer, 3 de Moderna, 2 de AstraZeneca. En las 108 dosis aplicadas se registraron un total de 43 evento advserso, el 95,3% dentro de los primeros 5 días y el resto a los 5 días. El 51,2% presentó el evento advserso tras la primera dosis, el 39,5% tras la segunda dosis y el 9,3% tras la tercera dosis. La duración media de los síntomas fue de 2,3 días ±1,4. El efecto adverso más importante fue el dolor en el sitio de inyección, seguido de fiebre y fatiga. La exacerbación del LES también se registró como evento advserso en el 8,3%. Se registraron efectos adversos leves, se concluye que vacunación contra COVID-19 es segura para pacientes con LES.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with SLE who are attended at referral medical centers in Paraguay. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Fifty-two patients with SLE who received at least one dose of anticovid vaccine were included. Of which 100% received the first dose, 92.3% the second dose and 15.38% the third dose; 44.6% received SputnikV; 16% Moderna; 12.5% Pfizer, 7.1% AstraZeneca, 3.6% Covaxin and 2.1% Hayat Vax, 8 patients received their third dose corresponding to 3 from Pfizer, 3 from Moderna, 2 from AstraZeneca. In the 108 doses applied, a total of 43 adverse events were recorded, 95.3% within the first 5 days and the rest at 5 days. A total of 51.2% presented the adverse event after the first dose, 39.5% after the second dose and 9.3% after the third dose. The mean duration of symptoms was 2.3 days ±1.4. The most important adverse effect was pain at the injection site, followed by fever and fatigue. Exacerbation of SLE was also recorded as an adverse event in 8.3%. Mild adverse effects were recorded, it is concluded that vaccination against covid 19 is safe for patients with SLE.

Resumo A fasceíte necrotizante integra um conjunto de infeções necrotizantes da pele e tecidos moles. A fasceíte Necrotizante (FN) do tipo II surge devido a infeção por Streptococcus do grupo A, que pode associar-se a Staphylococcus aureus, e pode evoluir para síndrome do choque tóxico, com elevada morbimortalidade influenciada negativamente pelo atraso no diagnóstico e instituição de terapêutica cirúrgica adequada. Numa fase inicial, a apresentação clínica pode não ser explícita e, por isso, é essencial um elevado índice de suspeição, de modo a diagnosticar, iniciar a terapêutica antibiótica e, principalmente, efetuar um desbridamento cirúrgico em tempo útil, fulcral para a otimização do prognóstico do doente. O propósito deste artigo é efetuar uma revisão narrativa acerca da FN do tipo II, nomeadamente quanto às suas manifestações clínicas, abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica, através da análise de informação recente relativa à temática.

Abstract Necrotizing fasciitis integrates a series of necrotizing soft tissue infections. Type II necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is due to an infection by group A Streptococcus, which can be associated with Staphylococcus aureus, and may evolve to toxic shock syndrome, with high morbidity and mortality negatively influenced by delay in diagnosis and institution of appropriate surgical therapy. At an early stage, the clinical presentation may not be explicit; therefore, a high index of suspicion is essential in order to diagnose, initiate antibiotic therapy and, most importantly, perform surgical debridement in a timely manner, which is crucial for optimizing the patient's prognosis. The purpose of this article is to execute a narrative review about type II NF, namely in terms of its clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic approach, through the analysis of recent information on the subject.

Resumen Introducción. El cáncer de pulmón es la primera causa de mortalidad por cáncer a nivel mundial, lo que hace que sea considerado un problema de salud pública. Existen diferentes hallazgos imagenológicos que hacen sospechar la presencia de cáncer de pulmón, uno de los cuales son los nódulos pulmonares; sin embargo, estos también pueden verse en entidades benignas. Métodos. Se incluyeron 66 pacientes con biopsia de nódulo pulmonar en la Clínica Reina Sofía, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre el 1° de marzo del 2017 y el 28 de febrero del 2020. Se analizaron las características demográficas de los pacientes, las características morfológicas e histopatológicas de los nódulos pulmonares y la correlación entre sus características imagenológicas e histopatológicas. Resultados. El 69,2 % de los nódulos estudiados tenían etiología maligna, de estos el 55,5 % era de origen metástasico y el 44,5 % eran neoplasias primarias de pulmón, con patrón sólido en el 70,6 % de los casos. El patrón histológico más frecuente fue adenocarcinoma. Respecto a las características radiológicas, en su mayoría los nódulos malignos medían de 1 a 2 cm, de morfología lisa y distribución múltiple, localizados en lóbulos superiores. Conclusiones. La caracterización de los nódulos pulmonares brinda información relevante que orienta sobre los diagnósticos más frecuentes en nuestro medio, cuando se estudian nódulos sospechosos encontrados incidentalmente o en el seguimiento de otro tumor. Como el nódulo es la manifestación del cáncer temprano del pulmón, establecer programas de tamización que permitan el diagnóstico oportuno, es hoy día una imperiosa necesidad, para reducir la mortalidad.

Abstract Introduction. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, which makes it a public health problem. There are different imaging findings that suggest the presence of lung cancer, one of which is pulmonary nodules; however, these can also be seen in benign entities. Methods. A total of 66 patients with pulmonary nodule biopsy at Clínica Reina Sofía, in the city of Bogotá D.C. were included between March 1, 2017 and February 28, 2020. The demographic characteristics of the patients, the morphologic and histopathologic characteristics of the pulmonary nodules and their correlation with their pathological diagnosis were analyzed. Results. 69.2% of the nodules studied had malignant etiology, of these 55.5% were of metastatic origin, and 44.5% were primary lung neoplasms, with a solid pattern in 70.6% of the cases. The most frequent histological pattern was adenocarcinoma. Regarding the radiological characteristics, most of the malignant nodules measure 1 to 2 cm, of smooth morphology and had multiple distribution, located in the upper lobes. Conclusions. The characterization of pulmonary nodules provides relevant information that guides the most frequent diagnoses in our setting, when suspicious nodules found incidentally or in the follow-up of another tumor are studied. As the nodule is the manifestation of early lung cancer, establishing screening programs that allow timely diagnosis is an urgent need to reduce mortality.

Resumen El síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH) es una enfermedad infecciosa emergente en América. Ocho especies de roedores nativos han sido identificadas como reservorios del virus causante del SPH en la Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar los genotipos de orthohantavirus presentes en una comunidad de roedores que habita en una zona donde ocurrió un caso fatal de SPH, en una localidad endémica de Argentina central. Se capturaron 27 individuos con un esfuerzo de 723 trampas-noche. Se detectó un 14,3% de Akodon azarae infectados con el genotipo pergamino. Este resultado amplía el conocido rango de distribución de este orthohantavirus. A pesar de que el genotipo pergamino no ha sido asociado con casos humanos hasta el momento, la información sobre su distribución es relevante para analizar el riesgo ante un potencial cambio en la infectividad del virus.

Abstract Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is an emerging infectious disease of the Americas. Eight native rodent species have been identified as HPS virus reservoirs in Argentina. The aim of this work was to detect the orthohantavirus genotypes present in a rodent commu-nity that inhabits a zone where a fatal HPS case occurred within an endemic locality of Central Argentina. We captured 27 rodents with a trapping effort of 723 trap nights. We detected 14.3% of infected Akodon azarae with the Pergamino genotype. This result expands the known distribution of this orthohantavirus. Although the Pergamino genotype has not been associated with human cases, the information about its distribution is relevant for risk assessment against potential changes in the virus infectivity.

Abstract Cancer represents the second leading cause of death worldwide, therefore, the search for chemoprotective agents is on the rise. The muscle of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the species analyzed as it has been reported as a source of compounds with antiproliferative activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shrimp muscle-isolated compounds on cell proliferation and morphology of human cancer cell lines. The muscle underwent a process of extraction and fractionation of compounds; their effect on cell viability assays (MTT) on lung adenocarcinoma (A549), prostate carcinoma (22 Rv-1), invasive breast adenocarcinoma (MDA MB 231), colon carcinoma (HTC 116), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and non-cancerous retinal cells (ARPE-19) was measured. Morphological changes were observed using fluorescence microscopy and chemical structure data was obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance. Fraction named C5 showed the highest antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231, without significantly affecting the control cells. Subfractions C5-3 and C5-4 presented significant antiproliferative potential in MDA-MB-231; this cell line showed morphological changes that could be related to apoptosis, and spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of b-carotene and eicosapentaenoic acid in C5, nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine the effect of each compound.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the addition of condensed tannins (CT) in the efficiency of digestion, methanogenic potential and energy distribution between the fermentation products of two forages. An assay was carried out using the in vitro gas production technique in which extracts of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) and Lotus corniculatus were evaluated with fermentation patterns of derived products from Ryegrass (RG, Lolium perenne) and a tropical forage, Megathyrsus maximus (MM). Tannins were added to the substrate at a concentration of 30 mg g-1. MM presented higher and delayed gas production (GP), and in vitro dry matter, organic matter and fiber digestibilities (ivDMD, ivOMD and NDFD, respectively) were relatively high but lower than RG. In addition, MM presented higher CH4 production (CH4p) than RG in 24 and 48h. Even though CT of Quebracho induced a decrease in the NDFD, contrary to what was expected, CH4p was greater, although this effect could not be attributed to the presence of CT. The stoichiometric evaluation indicated that while the highest CH4p in Quebracho treatments were associated with acetogenic profiles, CH4p with Lotus did not show any relationship with the volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile, but it did show a relationship with the highest total VFA production and the highest GP.

Abstract Pharmaceutical Care is a subject within the Pharmacy Degree that is taught using theoretical and practical classes. When COVID-19 appeared, Faculty of Pharmacy had to change its way of teaching and learning to online classes. Our aim is to assess the impact of COVID-19 situation on practical classes in Pharmaceutical Care. A prospective study was performed by undergraduate students from Pharmaceutical Care subject. Students attended to 2-day practical classes and were assessed through an evaluative workbook. Undergraduate students (n=390) obtained a score of 8.4±0.8 in practical classes, being higher in face-to-face sessions than online sessions, but not significant differences among both methodologies. The higher score was for the session of minor ailment services (9.3±1.3) and the lower for Personalized Medication Dosage (7.0±1.6) and similar in both scenarios. 59% of students obtained more than 8 score in the global punctuation, being higher in in-face-to-face practical classes. This study showed that learning in health care can be guided and evaluated through an online method. Adapt to new technologies, prevent vulnerable students from being left behind, as well as working on cross-cutting skills at a distance, are some of the challenges of higher education in times of COVID-19.

Resumo Introdução Este texto apresenta a experiência acumulada ao longo de 10 anos na Conferência de Bio Bio Terapia Ocupacional no Chile, uma atividade de extensão acadêmica e recreativa na qual são discutidos temas relevantes para a formação de terapeutas ocupacionais. Objetivo Analisar as principais aprendizagens e contribuições das metodologias de ensino expostas nestes Congressos para a formação profissional, através da opinião dos alunos que participaram como assistentes. Método desenvolveu-se uma sistematização, uma vez que esta metodologia permite a reflexão crítica a partir da experiência vivida. As informações foram produzidas por meio de entrevistas com 12 alunos e efetuada análise de conteúdo de temas predefinidos, que corresponderam ao pensamento crítico, ferramentas de intervenção e valores partilhados. Resultados O grupo de alunos valoriza as metodologias de carácter prático, participativo e dialógico que lhes permitem partilhar opiniões e experiências. As ferramentas adquiridas correspondem a habilidades relacionais que facilitam o tratamento e o manejo terapêutico. Os valores partilhados que os alunos identificaram presentes na Conferência incluem solidariedade, respeito pela diversidade e empatia. Conclusões As atividades de extensão acadêmica enriquecem a formação profissional, pois aproxima os alunos da realidade social, fortalece a identidade disciplinar e promove sua formação cidadã. Os desafios das atividades de extensão são gerar transformações no cotidiano dos sujeitos da intervenção e que eles possam participar ativamente das adequações curriculares dos planos de estudos.

Abstract Introduction This text shows the experience accumulated over 10 years in the Bio Bio Occupational Therapy Conference in Chile, an academic extension and recreational activity in which relevant topics for the training of occupational therapists are discussed. Objective To analyze the main learning and contributions to the professional training of the teaching methodologies that are exposed in this conference, through the opinion of the students who have participated as assistants. Method systematization is developed since this methodology allows critical reflection from the lived experience. The information is produced through interviews with 12 students. Analysis of the content of predefined topics is carried out, which correspond to critical thinking, tools for intervention, and shared values. Results The group of students values the methodologies of a practical, participatory, and dialogue nature that allow them to share opinions and experiences. The tools that are acquired correspond to relational skills that facilitate treatment and therapeutic management. The shared values that the students identify are present in the conference, including solidarity, respect for diversity, and empathy. Conclusions The academic extension activities enrich professional training because it brings students closer to social reality, strengthens disciplinary identity and promotes their citizenship training. The challenges of extension activities are to generate transformations in the daily lives of the intervention subjects, and that they can actively participate in the curricular adjustments of the study plans.

Resumen Introducción Este texto presenta la experiencia acumulada durante 10 años en las Jornadas de Terapia Ocupacional del Bio Bio en Chile, actividad de extensión académica y recreativa en la cual se tratan temas relevantes para la formación de terapeutas ocupacionales. Objetivo Analizar los principales aprendizajes y contribuciones a la formación profesional de las metodologías de enseñanza que se exponen en estas Jornadas, a través de la opinión de los estudiantes que han participado como asistentes. Método se desarrolla una sistematización, ya que esta metodología permite la reflexión crítica a partir de la experiencia vivida. La información se produce a través de entrevistas a 12 estudiantes. Se realiza análisis del contenido de temas predefinidos, que corresponden a pensamiento crítico, herramientas para la intervención y valores compartidos. Resultados El grupo de estudiantes valoran las metodologías de carácter práctico, participativas y dialogantes que permitan compartir opiniones y experiencias. Las herramientas que se adquieren corresponden a habilidades relacionales que facilitan el trato y manejo terapéutico. Los valores compartidos que los estudiantes identifican se encuentran presentes en las Jornadas incluyen la solidaridad, el respeto a la diversidad y la empatía. Conclusiones Las actividades de extensión académica enriquecen la formación profesional porque acerca a los estudiantes con la realidad social, fortalecen la identidad disciplinar y promoverían su formación ciudadana. Los desafíos de las actividades de extensión son generar transformaciones en las vidas cotidianas de los/as sujetos/as de intervención, y que éstos/as puedan participar activamente en los ajustes curriculares de los planes de estudios.