RESUMEN La tuberculosis (TB) es una de las principales enfermedades infecciosas a nivel mundial y sigue siendo un grave problema de salud pública en muchos países. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que un tercio de la población está infectada con TB y la tasa de infección aumenta casi un 1% por año. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo exponer la identidad de la tuberculosis congénita rara y fatal si no se trata y resaltar las características clínicas y la dificultad de diagnóstico y la conciencia entre los pediatras para realizar un manejo terapéutico inmediato desde el inicio de la sospecha. Este estudio se propone detectar que el pronóstico es malo para los recién nacidos, seguido de una evolución fatal cuando el diagnóstico se retrasa. Se presenta a continuación el caso de un recién nacido de sexo masculino de 24 días de vida por parto cesárea, por RPM nacido de una madre que presentó infección por SARS-COV-2 14 días previos al parto. A los 5 días de post parto adormecimiento y debilidad de miembros inferiores, sin síntomas respiratorios, posteriormente fiebre de 5 días de evolución, con diagnóstico de TB cerebral sin síntomas respiratorios, RN con fiebre y tos de 3 días, hepatomegalia de 4.5 cm, sin adenopatías. Ecografía abdominal dentro de parámetros normales, ecocardiograma con despegamiento pericárdico laminar, ecografía cerebral, ecografía abdominal fondo de ojo dentro de parámetros normales. Radiografía de tórax mostró infiltrado nodulillar difuso bilateral compatible con diseminación miliar tuberculosa. Al ingreso se inició cobertura antibiótica con Cefotaxima más Ampicilina a dosis meníngea. Analítica laboratorial al ingreso perfil hepático alterado, glóbulos blancos en rango, presentó granulaciones toxicas 3% y reactantes de fase aguda aumentados. Se realizó punción lumbar con cultivo de LCR negativo para gérmenes comunes y micobacterias por lo cual se descendió antibioticoterapia a completando 9 días totales. En muestras seriadas durante 3 días de líquido gástrico tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen BAAR +++ en las 3 muestras, GENEXPERT M. tuberculosis detectado y secreción traqueal tinción de BAAR +++. Inició terapia antibacilar H10/R20/Z20/E20. Durante su internación presenta alteración de perfil hepático por lo cual se ajusta dosis H5/R10/Z15/E15 en conjunto con Piridoxina. Durante tratamiento antibacilar a los 10 meses presentó en ecografía abdominal múltiples calcificaciones en hígado y ecografía cerebral de control con dilatación leve de los ventrículos laterales en ambos lados. Al finalizar tratamiento al examen físico se constató hígado a 2 cm RCD al año de vida, crecimiento y desarrollo normal para la edad, controles oftalmológicos y auditivos sin hallazgos patológicos. El recién nacido recibió 2 meses de HRZE y 10 meses de HR completando 12 meses totales de tratamiento en conjunto con Piridoxina hasta 10 días posterior a la suspensión de antibacilares y la madre recibió 4 meses de HRZE y 8 meses de HR completando 12 meses de tratamiento antibacilar.

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases worldwide and continues to be a serious public health problem in many countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one third of the population is infected with TB and the infection rate is increasing by almost 1% per year. This review aims to expose the identity of rare and fatal congenital tuberculosis if left untreated and to highlight the clinical features and the difficulty of diagnosis and awareness among pediatricians to perform immediate therapeutic management from the onset of suspicion. This study aims to detect that the prognosis is poor for newborns, followed by a fatal course when diagnosis is delayed. The case of a 24-day-old male newborn by cesarean section, due to PROM born to a mother who presented SARS-COV-2 infection 14 days prior to delivery, is presented below. At 5 days postpartum, numbness and weakness of the lower limbs, without respiratory symptoms, later fever of 5 days of evolution, with a diagnosis of cerebral TB without respiratory symptoms, newborn with fever and cough of 3 days, hepatomegaly of 4.5 cm, without adenopathies. Abdominal ultrasound within normal parameters, echocardiogram with laminar pericardial detachment, brain ultrasound, fundus abdominal ultrasound within normal parameters. Chest X-ray showed bilateral diffuse nodular infiltrate compatible with tuberculous miliary dissemination. On admission, antibiotic coverage was started with Cefotaxime plus Ampicillin at a meningeal dose. Laboratory analysis on admission altered liver profile, white blood cells in range, presented 3% toxic granulations and increased acute phase reactants. A lumbar puncture was performed with a negative CSF culture for common germs and mycobacteria, for which antibiotic therapy was decreased to a total of 9 days. In serial samples for 3 days of gastric fluid Ziehl-Neelsen AFB staining +++ in the 3 samples, GENEXPERT M. tuberculosis detected and tracheal secretion AFB staining +++. He started H10/R20/Z20/E20 antibacillary therapy. During his hospitalization, he presented an alteration in the liver profile, for which the H5/R10/Z15/E15 dose was adjusted in conjunction with Pyridoxine. During antibacillary treatment at 10 months, abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple calcifications in the liver and control brain ultrasound with mild dilatation of the lateral ventricles on both sides. At the end of treatment, the physical examination confirmed the liver at 2 cm RCD at one year of life, normal growth and development for age, ophthalmological and hearing controls without pathological findings. The newborn received 2 months of HRZE and 10 months of HR, completing a total of 12 months of treatment in conjunction with Pyridoxine up to 10 days after the suspension of antibacillary drugs, and the mother received 4 months of HRZE and 8 months of HR, completing 12 months of treatment. antibacillary.

RESUMEN Introducción: La vacunación constituye una de las estrategias más efectivas para limitar el desarrollo de enfermedad severa y la mortalidad por COVID-19, es por esto que los padres deben estar informados correctamente sobre riesgos y beneficios de las vacunas para que así sean aclaradas dudas y creencias y aumente la población mundial vacunada. Objetivo: Describir el grado de conocimiento de padres en relación a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en niños menores de 18 años. Materiales y métodos: Investigación prospectiva, trasversal, descriptiva en el que se incluyeron a padres de los pacientes menores de 18 años que acudieron al servicio de urgencias o estuvieron internados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Instituto de Medicina Tropical, en el período comprendido entre marzo a julio del 2022 por cualquier patología. Resultados: En el período de estudio fueron encuestados un total de 150 padres de niños <18 años sobre la percepción de los mismos con respecto a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en sus hijos abarcando un total de 302 niños, el grado de conocimiento general de los padres con respecto al COVID-19, consideramos que es bastante bueno teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría respondió que sus hijos se pueden contagiar de COVID (62%) y que pueden tener síntomas leves o asintomático con la vacunación (48% y 75.3% respectivamente).En cuanto a la creencia de fallecimiento en caso de contagio de COVID, las opiniones están divididas equitativamente. El grado de conocimiento de los padres vemos que el 59.3% tiene un conocimiento alto. Respecto a la vacunación, los niños mayores de 5 años corresponden a un total de 105 (70%) de los cuales 59 se encuentran vacunados (56%). En cuanto al estado vacunal de los padres el 92% de los padres se encuentra vacunados. Conclusión: En general el grado de conocimiento que tienen los padres en relación a la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en niños menores de 18 años es alta.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to limit the development of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19, which is why parents must be correctly informed about the risks and benefits of vaccines so that doubts and concerns can be clarified. beliefs and increase the world population vaccinated. Objective: To describe the degree of knowledge of parents in relation to vaccination against COVID-19 in children under 18 years of age. Materials and methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive research that included parents of patients under 18 years of age who attended the emergency department or were admitted to the Pediatric Service of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, in the period between March to July 2022 for any pathology. Results: During the study period, a total of 150 parents of children <18 years of age were surveyed about their perception regarding the vaccination against COVID-19 in their children, covering a total of 302 children, the degree of general knowledge of parents regarding COVID-19, we consider it quite good considering that the majority responded that their children can get COVID-19 (62%) and that they may have mild or asymptomatic symptoms with vaccination (48% and 75.3 % respectively). Regarding the belief of death in case of contagion from COVID, opinions are evenly divided. The degree of knowledge of the parents we see that 59.3% have a high knowledge. Regarding vaccination, children older than 5 years correspond to a total of 105 (70%) of which 59 are vaccinated (56%). Regarding the vaccination status of the parents, 92% of the parents are vaccinated. Conclusion: In general, the degree of knowledge that parents have regarding vaccination against COVID-19 in children under 18 years of age is high.

ABSTRACT On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared SARS-CoV-2 infection an international public health emergency. The autopsy, considered the best method of studying the patient and the disease, corroborates that patients can die from the direct action of the virus (who died from COVID-19), while others positive for SARS-CoV-2 did not show morphological lung changes attributed to the action of the virus. It is proposed to establish the morphological diagnostic criteria in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 epidemic in the deceased in Cuba based on the systematic study of autopsies. The morphological patterns that are established in the lungs of patients who died under the effect of COVID-19 have been identified. The pulmonary edema of permeability with the widening of the pulmonary septum, the deposit of the disorganized hyaline membrane inside the alveoli, the detachment of epithelial cells (pneumocytes and bronchial and bronchiolar cells), followed by epithelial hyperplasia with sometimes the presence of metaplastic changes and atypia, and finally, fibrosis. When autopsies are performed, it is possible to locate each disease in its place, in chronopathogram, which allows death certificates repair to be carried out to assess the place that COVID-19 has occupied as a cause of death in the population studied. In the opinion of the group, identifying morphological alterations is essential to prepare the chronopathogram of the deceased and the adequate clinical-pathological evaluation of the patient.

RESUMEN El 30 de enero de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 una emergencia internacional de salud pública. La autopsia, considerada el mejor método de estudio del enfermo y la enfermedad, corrobora que los pacientes pueden morir por la acción directa del virus (fallecidos por la COVID-19), mientras que otros positivos al SARS-CoV-2, no mostraron cambios morfológicos pulmonares atribuidos a la acción del virus. Se propone establecer los criterios diagnósticos morfológicos en el contexto de la epidemia por el SARS-CoV-2 y la COVID-19 en los fallecidos en Cuba, a partir del estudio sistemático de las autopsias. Se han identificado los patrones morfológicos que se establecen en los pulmones de los pacientes fallecidos bajo el efecto de la COVID-19. El edema pulmonar de permeabilidad con el ensanchamiento de tabique pulmonar, el depósito de la membrana hialina desorganizada en el interior de los alveolos, el desprendimiento de células epiteliales (neumocitos y células bronquiales y bronquiolares), seguida de la hiperplasia epitelial con presencia en ocasiones de cambios metaplásicos y atipias, y finalmente, la fibrosis. Cuando se realizan autopsias, es posible ubicar cada enfermedad en su lugar, en el cronopatograma, lo que permite realizar el reparo de los certificados de defunción, para evaluar el lugar que la COVID-19 ha ocupado como causa de muerte en la población estudiada. En criterio del colectivo, identificar en las alteraciones morfológicas, es imprescindible para elaborar el cronopatograma del fallecido y la adecuada evaluación clínico patológica del paciente.

Abstract INTRODUCTION During the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, some patients who develop severe forms of COVID-19 present thrombotic microangiopathy in the course of the disease’s clinical progression. METHODS Data came from direct patient observation and clinical records. We performed a kidney biopsy and used optical microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS We present the case of a 78-year-old male patient, mestizo, overweight with a history of high blood pressure, ischemic cardiopathy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who was first admitted to the hospital due to respiratory symptoms and diarrhea related to COVID-19, from which he recovered. He was subsequently readmitted with symptoms of acute renal dysfunction accompanied by mild anemia and thrombocytopenia; at the same time, he resulted negative for COVID-19 via a real-time polymerase chain reaction test. A kidney biopsy revealed thrombi in glomerular capillaries, acute tubular necrosis, thickening of extraglomerular blood vessel walls, and C3 deposits in the glomerular tufts. CONCLUSIONS We describe a case of thrombotic microangiopathy with kidney biopsy in a patient recovering from COVID-19. Acute renal dysfunction is a form of thrombotic microangiopathy that has been observed in patients recovering from COVID-19.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION One of the problems faced by the health system in different countries due to COVID-19 pandemic is the availability of medical care services in intensive care units (ICU). The objective was to evaluate survival in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the ICUs during the period January-April 2021 in the province of Buenos Aires METHODS Patients included in the surveillance system who had their correlate of information on percentage of bed occupancy in the ICUs from the general system were considered. With this information, a survival analysis was performed, considering life tables, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. The event was death, the 96-day follow-up and the dates of admission, death and discharge within the ICUs as individual periods for each patient. Inpatient capacity of the ICUs was measured through the percentage of bed occupancy at the time of admission RESULTS The ICUs with a bed occupancy greater than 80% showed patients with a lower survival curve than those below that figure at the time of admission DISCUSSION The differences in average survival were statistically significant, and show two different survival curves at the time the second wave of COVID-19 affected the country.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN Uno de los problemas que ha enfrentado el sistema de salud de los diferentes países debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 es la disponibilidad de servicios y atención médica en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El objetivo fue evaluar la sobrevida en pacientes internados por COVID-19 en UCI entre enero y abril de 2021 en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina MÉTODOS Se consideró a los pacientes que, incluidos en el sistema de vigilancia, tuvieran su correlato de información del porcentaje ocupacional de camas de la UCI desde el sistema general. Con esta información se realizó un análisis de sobrevida, considerando tablas de vida, Kaplan-Meier y regresión de Cox. El evento fue el óbito, el tiempo de seguimiento a 96 días y las fechas de internación, defunción y egreso dentro de la UCI como períodos individuales de cada paciente. La capacidad operativa de las UCI fue medida a través del porcentaje de ocupación de camas al momento del ingreso RESULTADOS Las UCI con un porcentaje ocupacional mayor al 80% mostraron pacientes con menor curva de sobrevida que sus pares por debajo de esas cifras al momento de ingresar a la internación DISCUSIÓN Las diferencias en promedios de sobrevida son estadísticamente diferentes, y muestran dos curvas distintas de supervivencia en el momento en que la segunda ola de COVID-19 afectaba a la Argentina. ^s+

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality encompasses both its direct effects, deaths attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as indirect on other causes of death. The objective of the study was to determine the variation in non- COVID-19 causes of death in the province of Buenos Aires during 2020 METHODS A population-based descriptive study was carried out using secondary sources. Specific causes of death coded according to ICD-10, disaggregated by chapter and group, were analyzed. To determine whether there were variations between the observed and expected causes of death, the values of the study period were compared with the immediately preceding five-year period (2015-2019) using the P-score method RESULTS All the ICD-10 chapters studied are below the average of the historical series. The greatest variation appears in the chapter External Causes (-20.0%), Diseases of the Respiratory System (-9.1%), Neoplasms (-8.1%), Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (-5.7%) and, finally, Diseases of the Circulatory System (-2.2%) DISCUSSION There is a variable change of other causes of death by COVID-19 deaths during 2020. The analysis of multiple causes was useful to re-estimate, in the case of the group of influenza (flu) and pneumonia, the global participation of COVID-19 in the chain of events that contributed to the death.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN El impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre la mortalidad abarca tanto sus efectos directos, las defunciones atribuidas al virus SARS-CoV-2, como indirectos sobre otras causas de muerte. “El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la variación sobre causas de muerte no COVID-19 en la provincia de Buenos Aires durante 2020 MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de base poblacional, utilizando fuentes secundarias. Se analizó la variación en la mortalidad por causas específicas codificadas según CIE-10, desagregadas a nivel de capítulo y grupos. Las variaciones entre las causas de muerte observadas y esperadas se compararon mediante el método de P-score respecto al quinquenio inmediato anterior (2015-2019) RESULTADOS Todos los capítulos CIE-10 estudiados se ubican por debajo del promedio de la serie histórica. La mayor variación se registra en causas externas (-20,0%), enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (-9,1%), tumores (-8,1%), enfermedades nutricionales, endocrinas y metabólicas (-5,7%) y finalmente enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (-2,2%) DISCUSIÓN Se observó la existencia de un reemplazo variable de otras causas de defunción por muertes COVID-19 durante 2020. El análisis de causas múltiples resultó de utilidad para reestimar, en el caso del grupo de influenza (gripe) y neumonías, la participación global de la COVID-19 en la cadena de eventos que contribuyeron al deceso.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION : Excess mortality (EM) provides a robust metric of the global impact of mortality during a pandemic or unusual event. In order to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the excess of deaths that occurred in the Buenos Aires Province (BAP), the present study was carried out. METHODS : A population-based retrospective descriptive study has been developed. For the analysis of EM, the P-score method was used, based on the comparison of mortality between a baseline period -historical 2015-2019-, with respect to deaths that occurred in the Province during the year 2020. RESULTS : The Province provisionally records an average EM of 7.59%, considering as a baseline the upper confidence limit of 95% of the historical series 2015-2019, or 12.15% if the historical average is considered. A differential impact is observed according to sex and age group with respect to the values of the historical period. DISCUSSION : Deaths from COVID-19 in the Province exceed EM, which indicates the existence of a replacement for other causes of death. This result, which distinguishes the BAP from the Latin American countries surveyed and other European and Oceania countries, it would not be possible to estimate an underreporting of deaths from COVID-19.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN : El exceso de mortalidad (EM) provee una métrica robusta del impacto en este indicador durante un evento pandémico o fuera de lo habitual. Se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de determinar el impacto de la pandemia por la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) sobre el exceso de muertes ocurrido en la provincia de Buenos Aires (PBA). MÉTODOS : Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de base poblacional. Para el análisis del EM se utilizó el método P-score, con base en la comparación de la mortalidad entre un período basal -histórico 2015-2019, respecto a las defunciones con ocurrencia en la Provincia durante 2020. RESULTADOS : La PBA tiene un registro provisorio de un EM promedio de 7,59%, considerando como línea de base el límite superior de confianza del 95% de la serie histórica 2015-2019, o del 12,15% si se considera el promedio histórico. Se obseda un impacto diferencial del EM según el sexo y el grupo etario. DISCUSIÓN : Las muertes por COVID-19 en la PBA superan el EM, lo que podría indicar la existencia de reemplazo de otras causas de defunción. Este resultado, que distingue a la PBA de los países de América Latina relevados y otros países europeos y de Oceanía, no permitiría estimar un subregistro en la contabilización de defunciones por COVID-19.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify if the prevalence of dental pain (past and / or present) is associated with caries experience in Mexican children, as well as to characterize factors associated with dental pain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a consecutive sample of 309 children 2 to 12 years old who were patients at a dental school clinic in Toluca, Mexico. Data were collected from clinical records. The dependent variable had three categories: 0 = have never had dental pain, 1 = had dental pain before the appointment, and 2 = current dental pain. Non-parametric statistical tests were used in the analysis. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression model was generated in Stata 11.0. Average age was 5.71 ± 2.43 years and 50.8% were boys. The joint dmft+DMFT index was 9.11 ± 4.19. It was observed that 56.6% of children did not report having experienced dental pain, 30.7% reported having previously had dental pain, and 12.6% had pain when the clinical appointment took place. In the multivariate model, variables associated (p < .05) with previous dental pain were age (OR = 1.13); the dmft + DMFT index (OR = 1.13), having had a last dental visit for curative/emergency reasons (OR = 2.41) and prior experience of dental trauma (OR = 2.59). For current pain, only the joint dmft + DMFT index (OR = 1.10, p < 0.05) had significant associations. Almost half of the children had experienced dental pain in their lifetime. Since caries experience is a factor associated with dental pain, decreasing caries levels may ameliorate suffering from dental pain in children.

RESUMO Objetivos Estimar a frequência de insegurança alimentar em domicílios com e sem crianças/adolescentes; comparar o gasto com alimentos e o consumo de açúcar e de refrigerante nestes domicílios; e analisar a relação da insegurança alimentar e de variáveis demográficas/socioeconômicas com o gasto com alimentos e com o consumo de açúcar e de refrigerante em domicílios com e sem crianças/adolescentes. Métodos Estudo transversal com 628 domicílios de Campinas, SP, Brasil. A insegurança alimentar foi estimada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. As variáveis dependentes foram proporção de gasto com alimentos e consumo de açúcar e refrigerante; as independentes incluíram condição de segurança/insegurança alimentar, renda familiar mensal, sexo, idade e escolaridade do chefe da família. Resultados A frequência de insegurança alimentar foi maior nos domicílios com crianças/adolescentes do que nos domicílios sem menores (41,4% vs. 27,9%). A proporção de gasto com alimentos foi superior nos domicílios com crianças/adolescentes; em todos esteve associada ao menor rendimento familiar e, nos domicílios com menores, à presença de chefe da família do sexo feminino. O consumo de refrigerante foi maior em domicílios com crianças/adolescentes, relacionou-se à maior renda em todos os domicílios e à presença de chefe da família do sexo masculino em domicílios com menores. O consumo de açúcar nos domicílios com crianças/adolescentes associou-se à maior renda, sexo masculino e escolaridade do chefe <12 anos. Nos domicílios sem crianças/adolescentes, o maior consumo de açúcar esteve associado à insegurança alimentar e à escolaridade do chefe da família <8 anos. Conclusão Nos domicílios com crianças/adolescentes, houve maior frequência de insegurança alimentar e maior comprometimento da renda com a alimentação. A insegurança alimentar associou-se ao aumento do consumo de açúcar em domicílios sem crianças/adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objectives To estimate the frequency of food insecurity in households with and without children/adolescents; compare food expenses, sugar and soft drinks consumption in these households; and to analyze the relationship between food insecurity and demographic/socioeconomic variables with food expenses, and sugar and soft drinks consumption in households with and without children/adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study with 628 households in Campinas, SP, Brazil. Food insecurity was estimated by the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. The dependent variables were the proportion of food expenses, and consumption of sugar and soft drinks; and the independent ones included food security/insecurity condition, monthly family income, gender, age and education of the household head. Results The frequency of food insecurity was higher in households with children/adolescents than in households without minors (41.4% vs. 27.9%). The proportion of food expenses was higher in households with children/adolescents and in all households it was associated with lower family income and, in households with minors, to the presence of a female householder. Soft drinks consumption was higher in households with children/adolescents; and was related to higher income in all households, and to the presence of male householder in households with minors. Sugar consumption in households with children/adolescents was associated with higher income, male gender and education level of the household head (<12 years). In households without children/adolescents, the higher sugar consumption was associated with food insecurity and the household head’s education (<8 years). Conclusion In households with children/adolescents there was a greater frequency of food insecurity and a greater commitment of income with food. Food insecurity was associated with increased sugar consumption in households without children/adolescents.

Abstract: This research aims to identify the stage of individual resilience of a group of tutors of the degree in education of the Universidad Autónoma del Carmen (México), with the purpose of generating strategies that contribute to the improvement of the aspects that result as areas of opportunity. The resilience is integrated by various elements that can be strengthened from the mentoring program that starts from a humanistic formation. Based on the techniques and instruments of the quantitative methodology, the individual resilience instrument is applied, which has shown high reliability. The results indicate that the majority of the participants are in an acceptable resilience stage. However, it is necessary to propose actions to work with the elements that were not all positive and thus reach the desirable stage of resilience.

Resumen: Esta investigación plantea identificar la etapa de resiliencia individual de un grupo de tutorados de la licenciatura en educación de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen (México), con el propósito de generar estrategias que contribuyan a la mejora de los aspectos que resultaron como áreas de oportunidad. La resiliencia, se integra por diversos elementos que pueden ser fortalecidos desde el programa de tutorías que orienta una formación humanista. A partir de técnicas e instrumentos propios de la metodología cuantitativa, se aplica el instrumento de resiliencia individual, el cual ha mostrado alta confiabilidad. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los participantes se encuentran en una etapa de resiliencia aceptable. Sin embargo, es necesario plantear acciones para trabajar con los elementos que no fueron de todo positivos y así alcanzar la etapa de resiliencia deseable.

Resumo: Nosso estudo teve como objetivo comparar alguns aspectos do ambiente alimentar de duas áreas de baixa renda no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, sendo uma com baixa e a outra com alta prevalência de obesidade. Nós comparamos a disponibilidade de estabelecimentos comerciais vendendo alimentos, tipos de alimentos vendidos e hábitos alimentares dos residentes. Dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e de hábitos alimentares foram obtidos de um inquérito de saúde de base populacional. Também analisamos dados locais de ambiente alimentar coletados através de um mapeamento remoto dos estabelecimentos comerciais vendendo alimentos e auditoria dos alimentos vendidos. Para fins comparativos, as áreas foram selecionadas de acordo com a prevalência de obesidade (índice de massa corporal - IMC ≥ 30kg/m²), definida como baixa (< 25%) e alta (> 45%). Dos 150 pontos de venda de produtos alimentares, apenas 18 vendiam frutas e vegetais em todas as áreas. Áreas com alta prevalência de obesidade tinham mais mercearias e lojas especializadas em frutas e vegetais, bem como maior número de comércios vendendo frutas e verduras. Com menor escolaridade, os residentes das áreas de prevalência alta de obesidade reportaram comprar alimentos mais frequentemente em hipermercados e lojas especializadas em frutas e vegetais, embora consumissem mais refrigerantes em comparação aos residentes das áreas de baixa prevalência. Nossos resultados sugerem que as intervenções em áreas carentes devem considerar os seus diversos contextos ambientais e a interação entre escolaridade e comportamentos de compra de alimentos em ambientes menos propícios à alimentação saudável.

Abstract: Our study aimed to compare key aspects of the food environment in two low-income areas in the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil: one with low and the other with high prevalence of obesity. We compared the availability of retail food establishments, the types of food sold, and the residents’ eating habits. Demographic and socioeconomic data and eating habits were obtained from a population-based health survey. We also analyzed local food environment data collected from remote mapping of the retail food establishments and audit of the foods sold. For comparison purposes, the areas were selected according to obesity prevalence (body mass index - BMI ≥ 30kg/m²), defined as low prevalence (< 25%) and high prevalence (> 45%). Only 18 out of the 150 points of sale for food products sold fruits and vegetables across the areas. Areas with high obesity prevalence had more grocery stores and shops specialized in fruits and vegetables, as well as more supermarkets that sold fruits and vegetables. With less schooling, residents in the areas with high obesity prevalence reported purchasing food more often in supermarket chains and specialized shops with fruits and vegetables, although they consumed more sodas when compared with residents of areas with low obesity prevalence. Our results suggest interventions in low-income areas should consider the diverse environmental contexts and the interaction between schooling and food purchase behaviors in settings less prone to healthy eating.

Resumen: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar algunos aspectos del entorno alimentario de dos áreas de baja renta en el municipio de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, existiendo en una baja y en otra alta prevalencia de obesidad. Comparamos la disponibilidad de establecimientos comerciales vendiendo alimentos, los tipos de alimentos vendidos, así como los hábitos alimentarios de los residentes. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, socioeconómicos y hábitos alimentarios de una encuesta de salud de base poblacional. También analizamos datos locales sobre el entorno alimentario, recogidos a través de un mapeo remoto de los establecimientos comerciales que vendían alimentos, así como una auditoría de los alimentos vendidos. Para fines comparativos, las áreas se seleccionaron de acuerdo con la prevalencia de obesidad (índice de masa corporal - IMC ≥ 30kg/m²), definida como baja (< 25%) y alta (> 45%). De los 150 puntos de venta de productos alimenticios, solamente 18 vendían frutas y verduras en todas las áreas. Las áreas con alta prevalencia de obesidad tenían más tiendas de comestibles y tiendas especializadas en frutas y verduras, así como un mayor número de comercios vendiendo frutas y verduras. Con menor escolaridad, los residentes de las áreas de prevalencia alta de obesidad informaron comprar alimentos más frecuentemente en hipermercados y tiendas especializadas en frutas y verduras, aunque consumieron más refrescos, en comparación con los residentes de las áreas de baja prevalencia. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las intervenciones en áreas de escasos recursos deben considerar sus diversos contextos ambientales y la interacción entre la escolaridad y los comportamientos de compra de alimentos en entornos menos propicios para la alimentación saludable.

Resumo: Nosso estudo teve como objetivo comparar alguns aspectos do ambiente alimentar de duas áreas de baixa renda no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, sendo uma com baixa e a outra com alta prevalência de obesidade. Nós comparamos a disponibilidade de estabelecimentos comerciais vendendo alimentos, tipos de alimentos vendidos e hábitos alimentares dos residentes. Dados demográficos, socioeconômicos e de hábitos alimentares foram obtidos de um inquérito de saúde de base populacional. Também analisamos dados locais de ambiente alimentar coletados através de um mapeamento remoto dos estabelecimentos comerciais vendendo alimentos e auditoria dos alimentos vendidos. Para fins comparativos, as áreas foram selecionadas de acordo com a prevalência de obesidade (índice de massa corporal - IMC ≥ 30kg/m²), definida como baixa (< 25%) e alta (> 45%). Dos 150 pontos de venda de produtos alimentares, apenas 18 vendiam frutas e vegetais em todas as áreas. Áreas com alta prevalência de obesidade tinham mais mercearias e lojas especializadas em frutas e vegetais, bem como maior número de comércios vendendo frutas e verduras. Com menor escolaridade, os residentes das áreas de prevalência alta de obesidade reportaram comprar alimentos mais frequentemente em hipermercados e lojas especializadas em frutas e vegetais, embora consumissem mais refrigerantes em comparação aos residentes das áreas de baixa prevalência. Nossos resultados sugerem que as intervenções em áreas carentes devem considerar os seus diversos contextos ambientais e a interação entre escolaridade e comportamentos de compra de alimentos em ambientes menos propícios à alimentação saudável.

Abstract: Our study aimed to compare key aspects of the food environment in two low-income areas in the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil: one with low and the other with high prevalence of obesity. We compared the availability of retail food establishments, the types of food sold, and the residents’ eating habits. Demographic and socioeconomic data and eating habits were obtained from a population-based health survey. We also analyzed local food environment data collected from remote mapping of the retail food establishments and audit of the foods sold. For comparison purposes, the areas were selected according to obesity prevalence (body mass index - BMI ≥ 30kg/m²), defined as low prevalence (< 25%) and high prevalence (> 45%). Only 18 out of the 150 points of sale for food products sold fruits and vegetables across the areas. Areas with high obesity prevalence had more grocery stores and shops specialized in fruits and vegetables, as well as more supermarkets that sold fruits and vegetables. With less schooling, residents in the areas with high obesity prevalence reported purchasing food more often in supermarket chains and specialized shops with fruits and vegetables, although they consumed more sodas when compared with residents of areas with low obesity prevalence. Our results suggest interventions in low-income areas should consider the diverse environmental contexts and the interaction between schooling and food purchase behaviors in settings less prone to healthy eating.

Resumen: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue comparar algunos aspectos del entorno alimentario de dos áreas de baja renta en el municipio de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, existiendo en una baja y en otra alta prevalencia de obesidad. Comparamos la disponibilidad de establecimientos comerciales vendiendo alimentos, los tipos de alimentos vendidos, así como los hábitos alimentarios de los residentes. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, socioeconómicos y hábitos alimentarios de una encuesta de salud de base poblacional. También analizamos datos locales sobre el entorno alimentario, recogidos a través de un mapeo remoto de los establecimientos comerciales que vendían alimentos, así como una auditoría de los alimentos vendidos. Para fines comparativos, las áreas se seleccionaron de acuerdo con la prevalencia de obesidad (índice de masa corporal - IMC ≥ 30kg/m²), definida como baja (< 25%) y alta (> 45%). De los 150 puntos de venta de productos alimenticios, solamente 18 vendían frutas y verduras en todas las áreas. Las áreas con alta prevalencia de obesidad tenían más tiendas de comestibles y tiendas especializadas en frutas y verduras, así como un mayor número de comercios vendiendo frutas y verduras. Con menor escolaridad, los residentes de las áreas de prevalencia alta de obesidad informaron comprar alimentos más frecuentemente en hipermercados y tiendas especializadas en frutas y verduras, aunque consumieron más refrescos, en comparación con los residentes de las áreas de baja prevalencia. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las intervenciones en áreas de escasos recursos deben considerar sus diversos contextos ambientales y la interacción entre la escolaridad y los comportamientos de compra de alimentos en entornos menos propicios para la alimentación saludable.

Resumo Introdução A perda de inserção clínica periodontal (PIP) tem sido indicada como parâmetro determinante para o estudo de indicadores de risco de periodontite crônica. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência, severidade e extensão de PIP em um grupo populacional que se abstém de álcool e tabaco, além de avaliar associações com características sociodemográficas e comportamentais dos participantes. Método Uma amostra de 420 indivíduos adultos, participantes do Estudo Advento (São Paulo), foi submetida ao exame periodontal de seis sítios por dente e respondeu um questionário estruturado. As associações foram verificadas por meio de análise de regressão logística múltipla. Resultado A prevalência de periodontite foi de 20,7% e de gengivite, 38,8%; a PIP média foi de 1,38 mm (± 0,5) e a perda dental, 5,4 (± 9,0). A prevalência de PIP ≥ 3 mm, ≥ 4 mm e ≥ 6 mm foi de 69,7%, 31,7% e 9,6% dos indivíduos, e 11,4%, 4,4% e 1,2% dos dentes por indivíduo, respectivamente. Houve associação significativa de PIP ≥ 4 mm com sexo masculino, idade superior a 55 anos, baixa escolaridade, placa visível, autocuidado irregular, falta de orientação em higiene bucal e doença sistêmica referida. Para PIP ≥ 6 mm, foi observada maior razão de chances para as variáveis idade e doença sistêmica. Conclusão O grupo populacional estudado apresentou baixa extensão e severidade de PIP, possivelmente pelas características da amostra. As associações de risco encontradas confirmam a necessidade de atenção integral ao paciente, incluindo o incentivo à prevenção e ao controle de doenças crônicas, ao lado de orientações específicas para higiene bucal.

Abstract Introduction Clinical attachment loss (CAL) has been indicated as a determining parameter for the study of risk indicators of chronic periodontitis. Objective To describe the prevalence, severity and extent of CAL in a population group that abstains from alcohol and tobacco use and to evaluate associations with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of participants. Method A sample of 420 adult individuals, participants of the Advento Study (São Paulo) were submitted to a periodontal examination of six sites per tooth and answered a structured questionnaire. Associations were verified by multiple logistic regression analysis. Result Prevalence of periodontitis was 20.7% and gingivitis 38.8%; mean CAL was 1.38mm (±0.5) and dental loss 5.4 (±9.0). Prevalence of CAL ≥3 mm, ≥4 mm and ≥6 mm was 69.7%, 31.7% and 9.6% of the individuals, affecting 11.4%, 4.4% and 1.2% of the teeth per individual, respectively. After adjustments, there was a significant association of CAL ≥4 mm with males, over 55 years of age, low education, visible plaque, irregular self-care, lack of oral hygiene guidance and reported systemic disease. For CAL ≥6 mm, there was a higher odds ratio for the variables age group and systemic disease. Conclusion The population group studied presented low extension and severity of CAL, possibly due to the sample characteristics. The risk associations found confirm the need for comprehensive patient care, including encouraging prevention and control of chronic diseases, along with specific oral hygiene guidelines.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar um programa de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional em grupo para o tratamento do excesso de peso em mulheres brasileiras usuárias da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção quase-experimental realizado com 172 mulheres. Dentre elas, aquelas que faziam parte do grupo intervenção (n=87) participaram de um programa de educação alimentar que abordou temas da área de alimentação e nutrição. Tanto o grupo intervenção quanto o de controle passaram por avaliação antropométrica no início e no sexto mês do programa. Resultados Foi observada perda de peso significativamente superior no grupo intervenção. ao final do período, observou--se redução do peso e do índice de massa corporal no primeiro grupo, em contraste com aumento no grupo controle. Entre as mulheres que finalizaram a intervenção (n=71) foi observada diferença média de -5,15Kg, e redução de 2,04 pontos do Índice de Massa Corporal inicial. Ainda 50,7% das participantes do grupo intervenção atingiram uma redução de peso ≥5,0%, sendo que houve manutenção dessa redução em 40,8%, sete meses após o termo da intervenção. Conclusão O estudo evidencia a importância da Educação Alimentar e Nutricional em grupo para estimular e manter a perda de peso, e assim prevenir e tratar doenças crônicas.

ABSTRACT Objective The high prevalence of obesity and its association with chronic diseases is a major public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate a group-based Food and Nutrition Education Program for the treatment of excess weight in Brazilian women attending the Family Health Strategy. Methods This quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted among 172 women, including 87 women in the intervention group who participated in a nutritional education program that addressed topics in the area of nutrition. The Intervention and Control groups underwent an anthropometric evaluation at the beginning of the study and at the 6th month. Results At the end of the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in weight and Body Mass Index, while the control group showed an increase in these variables. Women who completed the intervention (n=71) showed a mean difference of -5.15 kg and a reduction of 2.04 points in the Body Mass Index. Still 50.7% of the participants in the intervention group achieved a weight loss greater than or equal to 5.0%, and 40.8% of them maintained this reduced weight for up to seven months after the end of the intervention. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of group-based food and nutritional education interventions to promote and maintain weight loss, and thus, prevent and treat chronic diseases.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the non-genetic factors which affect growth traits in Dorper lambs under intensive conditions. Nine hundred and ninety birth weight records and 851 weaning weight data from a commercial sheep farm were used. A model containing the effects of year of birth, season of birth, litter size, dams' age and gender was used for identification of factors affecting growth traits. Birth weight was highest (p < 0.05) in summer and lowest in winter and spring. Male lambs excelled females in birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily gain. Young dams produced offspring with a lower (p < 0.05) birth weight and weaning weight than older ewes As a conclusion, important influences of environmental factors on growth traits were identified for Dorper lambs.

Resumen: Para determinar los factores no genéticos que influyen en las características de crecimiento de corderos Dorper en condiciones intensivas se registraron 990 pesos al nacimiento (PN) y 851 pesos al destete de una unidad de producción de ovejas entre 2006 y 2010. Se analizó el efecto del año, estación de nacimiento, tamaño de camada, edad de la madre y sexo de los corderos. El año de nacimiento afectó (p < 0.05) el peso al nacer pues fue más elevado en verano y más reducido en invierno y primavera. Los machos fueron más pesados (p < 0.05) al nacimiento y al destete y las tasas de crecimiento pre-destete fueron mayores que en las hembras (p < 0.05). Las ovejas primíparas produjeron crías más livianas (p < 0.05) al nacimiento y destete que las ovejas pluríparas. Se concluyó que diversos factores ambientales tuvieron un importante efecto en las características de crecimiento de corderos Dorper.