Abstract We investigated the vasodilatory effects of Hymenaea rubriflora Ducke stem bark extract (HR- HAc). Vascular reactivity of the aortic rings of Wistar rats was tested by in vitro cumulative doses (0.1 - 729 μg/mL). Rats (n=5) were treated with 25 (G25), 50 (G50) and 100 (G100) mg/ kg of HR-HAc or saline (control group - CG) for four weeks. An in vitro assay resulted in dose-dependent relaxation of the aortic rings with functional endothelium, which was inhibited in the presence of L-NAME. Rings of the treated animals increased acetylcholine relaxing potency at all doses, with a greater effect on G50 (pD2 = 7.8±0.1, Emax = 95.6±1.1) and a decreased contractile potency to phenylephrine in G25 (pD2 = 6.9±0.06, Emax = 61.5±6.0%) and G50 (pD2= 6.6±0.06, Emax = 71.0±8.5%) when compared to the CG in the presence and absence of endothelium (pD2= 6.4± 0.1, 6.4±0.1 and 6.9±0.1, respectively). Cumulative doses of nitroprusside resulted in increased relaxing potency in all treated groups and maintained Emax at 100%. It is concluded that HR-HAc has vasorelaxant capacity and inhibitory vascular contraction activity applied either directly to aortic rings or after treatment with in vivo supplementation, which places this extract as a potential nutraceutical or pharmacological agent for treating diseases associated with vascular dysfunction. HR (HR HAc. HAc . HAc) 0.1 01 0 1 (0. 72 μg/mL. μgmL μg/mL μg mL μg/mL) n=5 n5 n 5 (n=5 2 G25, G , (G25) (G50 10 G100 (G100 mg HRHAc control weeks dosedependent dose dependent LNAME. LNAME L NAME. NAME L-NAME G5 pD2 pD (pD 7801 7 8 7.8±0.1 95.6±1.1 95611 95 6 G2 69006 9 06 6.9±0.06 61.5±6.0% 61560 61 pD2= 66006 6.6±0.06 71.0±8.5% 71085 71 64 4 6.4 6401 6.4±0. 6901 6.9±0.1 respectively. respectively respectively) 100% supplementation dysfunction 0. (0 n= (n= (G25 (G5 G10 (G10 780 7.8±0. 95.6±1. 9561 6900 6.9±0.0 61.5±6.0 6156 6600 6.6±0.0 71.0±8.5 7108 6. 640 6.4±0 690 6.9±0. ( (n (G2 (G G1 (G1 78 7.8±0 95.6±1 956 61.5±6. 615 660 6.6±0. 71.0±8. 710 69 6.9±0 7.8± 95.6± 61.5±6 66 6.6±0 71.0±8 6.9± 7.8 95.6 61.5± 6.6± 71.0± 6.9 7. 95. 61.5 6.6 71.0 61. 71.

Este trabalho avaliou propriedades físico-químicas, teores de proteína e minerais em méis do Ceará, um dos principais exportadores do País. Também foi analisada a importância nutricional com relação aos minerais detectados. As propriedades físico-químicas foram determinadas pelos métodos da AOAC e CAC, o conteúdo de proteína pelo método de Bradford e os minerais por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Todas as análises foram feitas em triplicata. Os níveis dos macrominerais sódio (Na), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), e magnésio (Mg) variaram de 1,80-47,20, 21,30-1513,30, 14,58-304,82 e 2,48-28,33 mg/kg, respectivamente, e os elementos traços ferro (Fe), cobre (Cu), manganês (Mn), zinco (Zn), selênio (Se), e cromo (Cr) variaram de 0,12-8,76, 0,07-1,29, 0,06-1,96, 0,07-1,85 mg/kg, 0,36 × 10-3-62,00 × 10-3 e 22,50 × 10-3-170,33 × 10-3 µg/kg, respectivamente. A amostra de Myracrodruon urundeuva apresentou altos teores dos principais minerais (Na, K, Ca, e Mg). O teor de proteínas para o mel de Anacardium occidentale foi o maior (1121,00 µg/g) entre as amostras de méis analisadas. Entre os minerais, detectados, K apresentou a maior concentração seguido por Ca, Na, e Mg. A pesquisa de elementos traços pode indicar contaminação ambiental. As amostras de méis estudadas apresentaram-se livres de contaminação por elementos traço, excetuando-se quanto ao Mn, em que apenas a amostra proveniente de Piptadenia moniliformis apresentou-se dentro da legislação. As variações dos constituintes químicos devem-se provavelmente às variadas origens florais e os teores de proteínas e minerais ratificam a importância nutricional dos méis do Ceará.

This study evaluated the physicochemical properties and protein and mineral content of honey samples from Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil, one of the major honey exporters in the country. Nutritional importance of the minerals detected was also analyzed. Physicochemical properties were examined according to the AOAC and CAC official methods; the protein content was determined using the Bradford method, and the minerals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. All analyses were performed in triplicate. The levels of macrominerals sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) varied from 1.80-47.20, 21.30-1513.30, 14.58-304.82, and 2.48-28.33 mg/kg, respectively, and the trace elements iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and chromium (Cr) varied from 0.12-8.76, 0.07-1.29, 0.06-1.96, 0.07-1.85 mg/kg, 0.36 × 10-3-62.00 × 10-3 and 22.50 × 10-3-170.33 × 10-3 µg/kg, respectively. Myracrodruon urundeuva honey sample had high contents of macrominerals (Na, K, Ca, and Mg). Protein content of the Anacardium occidentale honey sample was the highest (1121.00 µg/g) among the samples analyzed. Among the minerals detected in the honey samples, K showed the highest concentration, followed by Ca, Na, and Mg. The presence of trace elements can show environmental contamination. The honey samples studied were free of trace elements contamination, except for Mn; the Piptadenia moniliformis was the only honey sample that was in compliance with the law requirements. The variations of the chemical constituents in the honey samples are probably related to differences in the floral origin and mineral and protein contents and confirm the nutritional importance of Ceará State honey.

Trabalhos de geografia médica sobre hanseníase discutem o papel da ocupação dos territórios como fundamento da permanência de focos leprógenos. No Brasil, os Estados que apresentam as mais altas taxas de detecção, historicamente, se localizam na região amazônica, o que evidencia uma desigual evolução regional da doença. Este trabalho analisa a evolução da hanseníase contextualizando os processos migratórios que ocorreram no Estado de Mato Grosso a partir da segunda metade do século XX. O crescimento econômico ocorrido no Estado nas décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990 provocou taxas de crescimento populacional maiores que a média nacional. Os dados analisados permitem uma associação entre o crescimento e dispersão dos coeficientes de detecção da hanseníase com o processo de ocupação do território mato-grossense. Entretanto, a permanência da hanseníase em municípios da Baixada Cuiabana, assim como em outros municípios que sofreram perda de população, parece apontar a existência de contextos geográficos de diferentes vulnerabilidades à produção social da doença. A migração explicaria a instalação e evolução da hanseníase, entretanto consideramos que a manutenção da endemia pode estar associada a fatores contextuais relacionados com o ambiente.

Studies on medical geography about leprosy discuss the role of the detailed report of the occupation of the territories as a basis of the permanence of leprosy focus. In Brazil, the states that present the highest rates of detection historically are in the Amazon region, which shows an uneven regional evolution of the disease. This paper analyzes the evolution of leprosy contextualizing the migratory processes that occurred in the State of Mato Grosso since the second half of the 20th century. The economic dynamism that occurred in the State in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s caused population growth rates higher than the national average. The data analyzed permitted an association between the evolution of leprosy and the process of occupation of the mato-grossense territory. However, the permanence of leprosy in the municipalities of the Baixada Cuiabana, as well as in other municipalities that lost population, seem to point to the existence of geographic contexts of different vulnerability to the social production of the disease in the tate. The migration would explain the appearance and evolution of leprosy. However, we consider that the maintenance of the endemic can be associated to contextual factors related to environment.

Trabalhos de geografia médica sobre hanseníase discutem o papel da ocupação dos territórios como fundamento da permanência de focos leprógenos. No Brasil, os Estados que apresentam as mais altas taxas de detecção, historicamente, se localizam na região amazônica, o que evidencia uma desigual evolução regional da doença. Este trabalho analisa a evolução da hanseníase contextualizando os processos migratórios que ocorreram no Estado de Mato Grosso a partir da segunda metade do século XX. O crescimento econômico ocorrido no Estado nas décadas de 1970, 1980 e 1990 provocou taxas de crescimento populacional maiores que a média nacional. Os dados analisados permitem uma associação entre o crescimento e dispersão dos coeficientes de detecção da hanseníase com o processo de ocupação do território mato-grossense. Entretanto, a permanência da hanseníase em municípios da Baixada Cuiabana, assim como em outros municípios que sofreram perda de população, parece apontar a existência de contextos geográficos de diferentes vulnerabilidades à produção social da doença. A migração explicaria a instalação e evolução da hanseníase, entretanto consideramos que a manutenção da endemia pode estar associada a fatores contextuais relacionados com o ambiente.

Studies on medical geography about leprosy discuss the role of the detailed report of the occupation of the territories as a basis of the permanence of leprosy focus. In Brazil, the states that present the highest rates of detection historically are in the Amazon region, which shows an uneven regional evolution of the disease. This paper analyzes the evolution of leprosy contextualizing the migratory processes that occurred in the State of Mato Grosso since the second half of the 20th century. The economic dynamism that occurred in the State in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s caused population growth rates higher than the national average. The data analyzed permitted an association between the evolution of leprosy and the process of occupation of the mato-grossense territory. However, the permanence of leprosy in the municipalities of the Baixada Cuiabana, as well as in other municipalities that lost population, seem to point to the existence of geographic contexts of different vulnerability to the social production of the disease in the tate. The migration would explain the appearance and evolution of leprosy. However, we consider that the maintenance of the endemic can be associated to contextual factors related to environment.

The present investigation intends to study the territorial distribution of leprosy in Brazil in order to identify the regularities of its differentiation, and to contribute to the knowledge that allows progress in the understanding of the processes of its social production. Time trends of global and specific leprosy detection rates were calculated for regions and states of the country. A synthesis of the historical-geographical distribution of the endemic in Brazil is shown as substratum of the analysis. The historical series of the 1960-2002 period allows the comparison of detection rates for regions, in which the first decade presents the lowest detection rates, except for the North region that stands out with the highest detection rate. Detection grew for all regions as of the 1970's, with the lowest detection in the South region. The North and Center West regions, maintained the highest detections of cases and the largest increments, which is an evidence of the unequal regional development of the endemic in the country. The historical stability in the high incidence of leprosy in the entire North region, in the states of Maranhão and Pernambuco in the Northeast region, and in the state of Parana in the South region, as well as the low incidence of leprosy in the other two states of the South region suggests the existence of geographical contexts with different vulnerability to the social production of leprosy, and new components in the organization of space in some territories.

La presente investigación se propone abordar la distribución territorial de la lepra en Brasil con el objetivo de identificar las regularidades de su diferenciación espacial y aportar conocimientos que permitan progresar en la comprensión de los procesos de su producción social. Fueron calculadas las tasas anuales de detección de casos, brutos y específicos, para las regiones y estados del país. La evolución espacio-temporal fue realizada mediante la construcción de series históricas. Se expone como substrato de los análisis una síntese sobre la distribución histórico-geográfica de la endemia en Brasil. La serie histórica del período 1960 - 2002, permite comparar las tasas de detección de las regiones, en la primera década, con las tasas más bajas, a excepción de la región Norte, que se destaca com la mayor detección. Todas las regiones elevan la detección a partir de la década del 70, siendo la Sul la de detección más baja. Las regiones Norte y Centro Oeste, mantienen las más altas detecciones de casos y los mayores incrementos, lo cual evidencia la desigual evolución regional de la endemia en el país. La permanencia histórica de elevada incidencia de la lepra en la región Norte, en el estado de Maranhão y Pernambuco en la región Nordeste, del estado de Paraná en la región Sul, así como relativamente bajas incidencias en el resto de esta última región, sugieren la existencia de contextos geográficos de diferente vulnerabilidad a la producción social de la lepra, y de nuevos componentes en la organización espacial en algunos territorios.

The present investigation intends to study the territorial distribution of leprosy in Brazil in order to identify the regularities of its differentiation, and to contribute to the knowledge that allows progress in the understanding of the processes of its social production. Time trends of global and specific leprosy detection rates were calculated for regions and states of the country. A synthesis of the historical-geographical distribution of the endemic in Brazil is shown as substratum of the analysis. The historical series of the 1960-2002 period allows the comparison of detection rates for regions, in which the first decade presents the lowest detection rates, except for the North region that stands out with the highest detection rate. Detection grew for all regions as of the 1970's, with the lowest detection in the South region. The North and Center West regions, maintained the highest detections of cases and the largest increments, which is an evidence of the unequal regional development of the endemic in the country. The historical stability in the high incidence of leprosy in the entire North region, in the states of Maranhão and Pernambuco in the Northeast region, and in the state of Parana in the South region, as well as the low incidence of leprosy in the other two states of the South region suggests the existence of geographical contexts with different vulnerability to the social production of leprosy, and new components in the organization of space in some territories.

La presente investigación se propone abordar la distribución territorial de la lepra en Brasil con el objetivo de identificar las regularidades de su diferenciación espacial y aportar conocimientos que permitan progresar en la comprensión de los procesos de su producción social. Fueron calculadas las tasas anuales de detección de casos, brutos y específicos, para las regiones y estados del país. La evolución espacio-temporal fue realizada mediante la construcción de series históricas. Se expone como substrato de los análisis una síntese sobre la distribución histórico-geográfica de la endemia en Brasil. La serie histórica del período 1960 - 2002, permite comparar las tasas de detección de las regiones, en la primera década, con las tasas más bajas, a excepción de la región Norte, que se destaca com la mayor detección. Todas las regiones elevan la detección a partir de la década del 70, siendo la Sul la de detección más baja. Las regiones Norte y Centro Oeste, mantienen las más altas detecciones de casos y los mayores incrementos, lo cual evidencia la desigual evolución regional de la endemia en el país. La permanencia histórica de elevada incidencia de la lepra en la región Norte, en el estado de Maranhão y Pernambuco en la región Nordeste, del estado de Paraná en la región Sul, así como relativamente bajas incidencias en el resto de esta última región, sugieren la existencia de contextos geográficos de diferente vulnerabilidad a la producción social de la lepra, y de nuevos componentes en la organización espacial en algunos territorios.