ABSTRACT Objective: To review the literature unprecedentedly to identify the dentistry students' knowledge of pediatric patients who suffered violence. Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey electronic databases up to November 2021. The "Grey Literature" was verified through Google Scholar and Open Grey searches to avoid any selection bias. There was no restriction on the date of publication or language. Results: The systematic search yielded 2.756 studies in the first selection phase, but only twenty-two articles were included. All selected articles were published between 1998 and 2021 and used a questionnaire to evaluate the dentistry students' knowledge regarding child maltreatment cases. Brazil was the country that had the most studies included (10 articles). Despite the majority of the students presenting insufficient knowledge about child maltreatment, evidence from this research showed that every form of approach by professionals toward child maltreatment should be considered important. Conclusion: Therefore, there are deficiencies regarding the teaching-learning methodology, reinforcing the need for improvements in Dentistry undergraduate curricula. Objective violence Methods PubMed Science LILACS SciELO Literature bias language Results 2756 2 756 2.75 phase twentytwo twenty two 199 202 cases 10 (1 articles. . articles) important Conclusion Therefore teachinglearning teaching learning methodology curricula 275 75 2.7 19 20 1 ( 27 7 2.

Aim This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical violence and head and neck injuries among children and adolescents who suffered physical aggression, firearm aggression, and white gun aggression referred to the Legal Medical Department in a southern city in Brazil. Methods This study was performed at Legal Medical Department in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil, from January 2011 to December of 2015. Data were collected from medical reports of children and adolescents (0-19 years old). Demographic information such as sex, age, and skin color was collected. Data were submitted to Chi-square test and multivariate Poisson regression analysis. Results In this study, 2,716 physical examination reports were analyzed, with a total of 2,171 exams resulting from violence; lesions that had physical aggression as their etiology (1,951) had a higher prevalence. The analysis of the exams revealed that the majority were adolescents (90,05%), white (84.09%), and female (50.21%). The head and neck regions were affected in most cases of violence (57.90%). In the adjusted model, the occurrence of injuries in the head and neck region was higher in males (PR 1.16, CI 95% 1.08 - 1.25), among adolescents (PR 1.28, CI 95% 1.10 - 1.48) and in victims of physical aggression compared to victims of the firearm (2.81, CI 95% 1.79 - 4.40). Conclusion The results revealed a high prevalence of head and face injuries in victims of violence and that there was a greater prevalence of physical violence among adolescents compared to children and males. Brazil Pelotas RS 201 2015 019 0 19 (0-1 old. old . old) sex age Chisquare Chi square 2716 2 716 2,71 analyzed 2171 171 2,17 1,951 1951 1 951 (1,951 90,05%, 9005 90,05% , 90 05 (90,05%) 84.09%, 8409 84.09% 84 09 (84.09%) 50.21%. 5021 50.21% 50 21 (50.21%) 57.90%. 5790 57.90% 57 (57.90%) model PR 116 16 1.16 95 108 08 1.0 1.25, 125 1.25 25 1.25) 128 28 1.28 110 10 1.1 1.48 148 48 2.81, 281 81 (2.81 179 79 1.7 4.40. 440 4.40 4 40 4.40) 20 01 (0- 271 71 2,7 217 17 2,1 1,95 195 (1,95 900 90,05 9 (90,05% 840 84.09 8 (84.09% 502 50.21 5 (50.21% 579 57.90 (57.90% 11 1. 12 1.2 1.4 14 2.81 (2.8 7 44 4.4 (0 27 2, 1,9 (1,9 90,0 (90,05 84.0 (84.09 50.2 (50.21 57.9 (57.90 2.8 (2. 4. ( 1, (1, 90, (90,0 84. (84.0 50. (50.2 57. (57.9 2. (2 (1 (90, (84. (50. (57. (90 (84 (50 (57 (9 (8 (5

Abstract The objective of this study was to formulate an experimental light-cured periodontal dressing containing alpha-humulene and to compare its physical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties with commercial gold standards (Barricaid® and Periobond®). Two periodontal dressing formulations were developed (a and b). The formulations were divided into 5 groups according to the alpha-humulene concentration as follows: Ea - control group, Ea1 - 1%, Ea5 - 5%, Ea10 - 10%, and Ea20 - 20%; Eb - control group, Eb1 - 1%, Eb5 - 5%, Eb10 - 10%, and Eb20 - 20%. Materials characterization was performed using the degree of conversion, cohesive strength, sorption, and solubility assays. Antimicrobial assay was performed using the modified direct contact test against E. faecalis and S. aureus. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the cell viability experiment using L929 fibroblasts. In general, the cohesive strength values of materials decreased as the alpha-humulene concentration increased. All the experimental dressings showed antimicrobial activity against both bacteria tested. Cell viability results for the Ea, Ea1, Eb, and Eb1 groups showed moderate cytotoxic effect. The formulations containing alpha-humulene showed similar behavior to the commercial references. Thus, formulations containing alpha-humulene have potential to be used as periodontal dressing.

RESUMEN Objetivo El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la tasa de mujeres embarazadas satisfechas con la consulta odontológica que realiza el Sistema Único de Salud-Brasil (SUS-Brasil) y factores asociados. Metodología Estudio de tipo transversal. Para colección de los dados se elaboró un cuestionario que abordaba las variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la gestación. La colección de los datos fue realizada por medio de entrevistas cara a cara en un hospital de maternidad de la región metropolitana del Porto Alegre, Brasil. Para comprobar la asociación de los factores con la satisfacción de las mujeres embarazadas con la consulta odontológica se usó el test de chi-cuadrado y la regresión del Poisson, con varianza robusta (p<0,05). Resultados De las 302 mujeres entrevistadas, 50% (n=151) realizaron consulta odontológica durante de la gestación y estas 86%(n=131) manifestaron estar satisfechas con la consulta. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que la variable que evaluaba las consultas prenatales como buenas aumentaba en un 14% [Razón de Prevalencia (RP)=1,14; Intervalo de Confianza (IC) del 95%:1,01-1,27] la probabilidad de que las mujeres expresaran satisfacción con la variable de resultado. Conclusiones Se concluyó que un alto índice de satisfacción con las consultas odontológicas realizadas en el SUS por parte de las embarazadas y la evaluación de las consultas prenatales como buenas fue un factor asociado. Estos resultados podrían ser considerados durante la planificación estratégica, ejecución y evaluación de las políticas de la salud pública direccionadas para este grupo operativo.

ABSTRACT Objective The study aimed to verify the rate of satisfaction among pregnant women with dental consults performed in the Brazilian Unified Health System (BUHS), and associated factors. Methodology The design of the study was cross-sectional. To collect data a questionnaire approaching variables sociodemographic and relationship whit pregnancy were used. The data gathering was realized across interviews face to face in a maternity hospital in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre-RS-Brazil. The chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance (p<0.05) were used for the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 302 pregnant women were interviewed, 50% (n=151) performed dental consults, and 86% (131) related that they were satisfied with the consult. In the multivariate analysis it was found that the variable evaluating prenatal visits as good increased the likelihood of women expressing satisfaction with the outcome variable by 14% [Prevalence Ratio (PR) =1.14; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01-1.27]. Conclusions The present study suggests that a high satisfaction rate with dental consult could be due to the highest satisfaction in prenatal consults performed in primary health care units, materializing the relationship of trust/connection between professional and user. This variable can be considered by workers and health managers during estrategic planning, performance, and evaluation of health policies.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a taxa de gestantes satisfeitas com a consulta odontológica realizada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS-Brasil) e fatores associados. Metodologia O estudo foi do tipo transversal. Para coleta de dados foi elaborado um questionário abordando variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas a gestação. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas face a face em um hospital maternidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS-Brasil. O teste de qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta (p<0,05) foram utilizados nas análises bi e multivariada. Resultados Das 302 mulheres entrevistadas, 50%(n=151) realizaram consulta odontológica durante a gestação e destas, 86% (n=131) estavam satisfeitas com a consulta. Na análise multivariada verificou-se que a variável avaliação das consultas de pré-natal como boa aumentou em 14% [Razão de Prevalência (RP)=1,14; Intervalo de Confiança (IC) 95%:1,01-1,27] a probabilidade de as mulheres expressarem satisfação com a variável desfecho. Conclusão Conclui-se que foi alta taxa de satisfação com as consultas odontológicas realizadas no SUS pelas gestantes e avaliação das consultas de pré-natal como boa foi fator associado. Estes resultados poderiam ser considerados durante o planejamento estratégico, execução e avaliação das políticas de saúde direcionadas para este grupo operativo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and associated factors in children and the level of knowledge of mothers participating in the child care group of a basic health unit. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in children between 18 and 72 months of a childcare group in Pelotas. Children whose parents or legal guardians signed the informed consent term participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire previously tested and applied to the mothers, and a clinical examination of children's occlusion were performed by examiners after training and calibration. Statistical analysis was descriptive and analytic. In the bivariate analyses, it was used the Pearson, Fisher or Linear Trend Qui-Square tests and, in the multivariate analysis, the Poisson regression. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained, and a p-value <0.05 was used. Results: Forty-seven children were included and 41.3% presented malocclusion. The prevalence of malocclusion was associated with a higher number of children in the family (p<0.005) and breastfeeding for more than 12 months (p<0.05). The highest prevalence of open bite was associated with the use of a pacifier and working mothers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most mothers reported having knowledge about the time and use of pacifiers in childhood. In this group, the prevalence of malocclusion in children was high and associated with behavioral and social factors.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of two commercially available and one experimental periodontal dressing materials. The cytotoxicity of Periobond ® , Barricaid ® and one experimental periodontal dressing based on Exothane ® 8 monomer was tested on 3T3/NIH mouse fibroblast. Genotoxicity was assessed by micronuclei formation, and cell alterations were analyzed using light microscopy. Both biological assays were performed using the eluate obtained from specimens after 24, 72, or 168 hours of incubation. Mechanical characterization was assessed through the ultimate tensile strength and the water sorption and solubility tests. The significance level of α = 0.05 was used for all statistical analyses. All the materials promoted a cell viability lower than 60% in all evaluated times. In general, the cell viability was significantly reduced after 72 and 168h of specimens’ incubation. Considering the factor material, there were not statistical differences in the cell viability (p = 0.156). The genotoxicity was not statistically significant among the groups in the different periods of time (p > 0.05). Differences in the ultimate tensile strength values were not statistically significant different among the groups (p = 0.125). Periobond ® showed the higher water sorption values (p < 0.001). Regarding solubility, there were no statistical differences between the groups (p = 0.098). All the periodontal dressing materials evaluated in this study exerted a cytotoxic effect against mouse fibroblasts, and their toxicity became more evident over time. Among the materials evaluated, the experimental light-cure type has shown overall similar properties to the commercial references.

Abstract To the moment, there is no ideal substance for home-based denture disinfection. This study assessed in vitro the antimicrobial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia uniflora and the effect on the physical properties of denture polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated from samples of saliva collected from denture wearers. The extracts were produced in three concentrations, according to the Brazilian Pharmacopeia. One hundred eighty-eight disc-shaped specimens of thermopolymerizable PMMA were prepared and randomly allocated to five treatment groups: sterile saline solution (0.85%; control); chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%); and hydroalcoholic extract of E. uniflora (0.2%, 0.8%, and 1.16%). The specimens were disinfected for 8 hours/day for 30 days. Adherence of microorganisms to the surface, PMMA surface roughness, and color stability were assessed. Inferential statistics were performed with one- and two-way ANOVA/Tukey test, and Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and paired t-tests, at α=0.05. The extract of E. uniflora at 0.2% and 1.16% reduced the microbial load of K. oxytoca, while chlorhexidine digluconate significantly reduced microbial load of all microrganisms. Microbial adherence at day 10 was reduced by all experimental substances (p<0.001). Surface roughness was not affected by the disinfecting substances (p>0.05). Nevertheless, all experimental groups produced unacceptable color change at the end of the disinfection protocol (p<0.001). The non-adherent potential against microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity confirm the potential of use of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. uniflora as a denture disinfectant. Yet, unacceptable color changes may occur, regardless of extract concentration.

Abstract Objectives: This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties, antibacterial effect and biocompatibility of novel elastomeric temporary resin-based filling materials (TFMs) containing zinc methacrylate (ZM). Material and Methods: Experimental TFMs were prepared by mixing the zinc methacrylate with monomer, co-monomer, photoinitiator and fillers. A ZM concentration of 0 (control), 0.5% (Z0.5); 1% (Z1), 2% (Z2), or 5% (ZM5) wt% was added to the TFMs. Fermit-N (F) was used for comparison with the experimental material. Microleakage, water sorption/solubility, degree of conversion, depth of cure, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness were determined and compared. A modified direct contact test (DCT) with Enterococcus faecalis and a Streptococcus mutans’ biofilm accumulation assay was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of the assay. Statistical comparisons were performed (α=5%). Results: The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the experimental TFMs with ZM are comparable with the properties of the commercial reference and some properties were improved, such as lower microleakage and water sorption, and higher ultimate tensile strength values. TFMs with ZM killed E. faecalis only after 1 h. Biofilm development of S. mutans was not affected by the inclusion of ZM in the experimental TFMs. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that the physical, mechanical and biological properties of the experimental TFMs with ZM are comparable with the properties of the commercial reference. However, some properties were improved, such as lower microleakage and water sorption, and higher ultimate tensile strength values.

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare selective physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity of seven temporary restorative materials (TRM): five resin-based materials [Bioplic (B), Fill Magic Tempo (FM), Fermit inlay (F), Luxatemp LC (L) and Revotek LC (R)], and zinc oxide-eugenol cement (IRM) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) as the controls. Material and methods The physical-mechanical properties were evaluated by determining microleakage (ML), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Shore D hardness (SDH). In addition, the polymerization rate (Pr-1), depth of cure (DC), water sorption and solubility (WS/SL) were evaluated. The antimicrobial effects of the materials were assessed by biofilm accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (BT) and the direct contact test (DCT) by exposure to Enterococcus faecalis for 1 and 24 h, and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis tests, and a complementary post-hoc method (p<0.05). Results Group B, followed by FM and GIC had significantly lower percentages of microleakage in comparison with the other groups; Groups FM and L showed the highest WS, while Groups R and FM showed the significantly lowest SL values (p<0.05). Group R showed the statistically highest UTS mean and the lowest DC mean among all groups. Group F showed the lowest S. mutans biofilm accumulation (p=0.023). Only the Group L showed continued effect against E. faecalis after 1 h and 24 h in DCT. The L showed statistically lower viability cell when compared to the other groups. Conclusions These findings suggest the antibacterial effect of the temporary materials Fill Magic and Bioplic against S. mutans, while Luxatemp showed in vitro inhibition of S. mutans biofilm accumulation and E. faecalis growth. Regarding the cell viability test, Luxatemp was the most cytotoxic and Fill Magic was shown to be the least cytotoxic.

Abstract Pyroligneous extract is applied in diverse areas as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial, and an anti-inflammatory agent. The discovery of new cost-effective antimicrobial agents of natural origin remains a challenge for the scientific community. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and a technological forecasting of the existent evidence regarding the use of pyroligneous extract as a potential antimicrobial agent. Studies were identified through an investigation of various electronic databases: PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Google scholar, and ProQuest. Patents were searched through INPI, Google patents, Espacenet, Patents online, USPTO, and WIPO. The literature on antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous extract are limited given the short duration of studies and variability in study design, use of pyroligneous preparations, and reports on results. However, evidence suggests the potential of pyroligneous extract as a natural antimicrobial agent. The most studied activity was the role of PE as a food preservative. However, pyroligneous extracts are also effective against pathogenic bacteria in the oral microflora and treatment of candidal infections. Further research is needed using standardized preparations of pyroligneous extracts to determine their long-term effectiveness and ability as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract Despite the large number of published studies about oral candidiasis and associated risk factors, reports of large single-center retrospective studies on the prevalence of oral candidiasis, risk factors, and the oral candidiasis types diagnosed more frequently in oral diagnostic reference centers are scarce. The objective of the present study was to retrospectively survey the demographic and clinical profiles of 1,534 patients diagnosed with candidiasis and treated at the Center for Diagnosis of Oral Diseases (CDOD), Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas between 1997 and 2014. Using a retrospective, cross-sectional, epidemiological design, data on race, gender, age, systemic diseases, oral candidiasis type and location, symptoms, and harmful habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption were collected. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 13.1. Risk factors for chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC) were evaluated using Poisson regression with robust variance (p ≤ 0.05). The majority of patients with oral candidiasis seen at the CDOD over the 18-year period of analysis were Caucasian women, aged 51–60 years, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers, with no systemic disease, and who wore some form of dental prostheses. CAC was the single most common clinical type of candidiasis detected, and the most frequently affected oral site was the palate. These data from a large single-center in Brazil agree with previous evidence about the clinical and demographic profiles of patients with oral candidiasis.

Abstract A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was performed compared the desensitizing efficacy of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) ClinproTM XT (3M ESPE, Minnesota, USA) and the conventional GIC Vidrion R (SS White, Gloucester, UK) in a 6-month follow-up. Subjects were required to have at least two teeth with dentin hypersensitivity. Teeth were divided at random into 2 groups, one group received Clinpro XT and the other conventional GIC Vidrion R. Treatments were assessed by tactile and air blast tests using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline, after 20 minutes, and at 7, 15, 21, 30, 90 and 180 days post-treatment. Twenty subjects (152 teeth) were included. Both tests (tactile and air blast) showed a significant reduction of dentin hypersensitivity immediately after the application of Vidrion R and Clinpro XT (20 min). VAS scores obtained along the 6-month follow-up were statistically lower when compared to initial rates (p < 0.05). Both GIC were able to reduce dentin hypersensitivity up to 6-month post-treatment period without statistically significant differences among them (p > 0.05). Both cements provided satisfactory results in long-term dental sensitivity reduction.

AIM: To determine the prevalence and the hygiene methods used by 6-16-year-old private school children and adolescents to clean removable orthodontic appliances (ROA) in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in private schools located in the urban area after the school tutors signed an informed consent form. Questionnaires were applied to children using removable orthodontic appliances. Data regarding hygiene methods of orthodontic appliances were collected. Descriptive analysis was performed. Pearson's chi-square test and Linear Trend with a confidence level of 95% were used for analytical analysis. RESULTS: Children using ROA in private schools were 7.6%. The most frequent hygiene method used was mechanical cleansing with toothbrush and toothpaste (85.6%). Daily cleansing was the frequency most reported by children (51.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Use of ROA in students from private schools was low and the most used hygiene method was brushing with toothpaste.

AIM: To identify the predominant causes and types of maxillofacial trauma in Brazil. METHODS: Reports of corporal trauma (7,536) between 2009-2010 in the Brazilian Institute of Forensic Medicine were analyzed as to the presence of maxillofacial traumas. Victims' demographic and trauma characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: Data were submitted to chi-square test and to multivariate Poisson regression. 778 reports referred maxillofacial trauma. Most victims were men (50.8%) around 27.6 years. Main causes were physical aggression (88.1%) and traffic accidents (6.7%). The most affected extraoral area was the middle third (60.7%). Risk for trauma in the middle third was significantly higher among patients aged 61-75 (RR 1.32), and non-white patients (black-skinned RR 1.21; brown-skinned RR 1.18); while falls were associated with trauma in the lower third (RR1.79). CONCLUSIONS: Violence was the main cause of maxillofacial trauma. Prevention of interpersonal violence may be a key element to prevent maxillofacial trauma.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess technical preferences of general dental practitioners when restoring anterior composite restorations. How the level of clinical experience or post-graduate training infuenced their options was also tested. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a questionnaire with general dental practitioners (GDPs) (n=276) in Southern Brazil. Information regarding post graduation training (specialization, master's or PhD degree) and linical experience (years since completing graduation) were gathered. The options regarding anterior composite restorations (type of composite, adhesive system, light curing unit, polishing procedures and rubber dam use) were collected. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis and associations were tested. Results: Response rate was 68% (187). GDPs selected microhybrid composite (52%) and 2-step total etch adhesive system (77%). LED was the preferred method of activation for 72.8%. Immediate polishing was preferred by 75%, using a combination of techniques. Most of the respondents (74.3%) did not use rubber dam. More experienced clinicians used more halogen lights (p<0.022), performed more light monitoring (p<0.001) and were resistant to use rubber dam (p<0.012). Dentists with post-graduation training used 3-etch-and-rinse system more frequently (p<0.04), usually monitored light intensity (p<0.014) and placed rubber dam more frequently (p<0.044). Conclusions: Hybrid composite, simplifed adhesives, LED units and immediate polishing were preferred by Southern Brazilian dentists for anterior composite restorations. Few dentists used rubber dam to perform composite restorations in anterior teeth. Clinical experience and post-graduation training infuenced the dentists' choices.